Converter cooling device
By using phase change materials and a combination of heat absorbing plate layer and heat dissipation pipes in the converter cooling system, the problem of converter cooling in offshore wind power environment is solved, and efficient cooling and corrosion protection are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411972628.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-28
AI Technical Summary
In offshore wind power environment, the cooling of the converter is difficult to effectively solve, especially in high humidity and salt spray environments, which can easily cause corrosion problems.
The phase change material is used as the cooling medium, and the heat-absorbing plate layer and the heat-dissipation tube are used to absorb heat and undergo a phase change when the phase change temperature is reached, thereby achieving cooling and cooling of the converter.
It improves the cooling and cooling efficiency of the converter, avoids corrosion problems, and improves the stability and life of the equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN119730188A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cooling equipment for power systems, and in particular to a converter cooling device. Background Art
[0002] Offshore wind power is an important part of renewable energy. The converter in its power system is one of the key devices, which is used to convert the electricity generated by wind turbines into electricity suitable for grid use. The converter generates a lot of heat during operation. If the heat is not dissipated in time, it will cause the equipment to overheat, affect its performance and life, and even cause failure. Therefore, an effective cooling system is the key to ensure the stable operation of the converter.
[0003] In the related art, air cooling is used to cool the converter, and the external air is introduced into the converter through a fan, and the heat is removed by air flow. This method has a simple structure, but in the offshore wind power environment, the air humidity and salt spray content are high, which can easily cause corrosion problems of fans, converters, etc. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a converter cooling device, in which the heat generated during the converter operation is transferred to the phase change material, which begins to absorb heat and undergoes phase change when its phase change temperature is reached, thereby achieving cooling of the converter. At the same time, when the phase change material absorbs heat and reaches a saturated state, the temperature of the phase change material gradually increases and is transferred to the heat dissipation pipe, and the cooling medium circulating in the heat dissipation pipe can take away this part of the heat, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the power system converter.
[0006] The converter cooling device of an embodiment of the present invention includes a phase change component and a heat dissipation component, the phase change component includes a heat absorption plate layer, the heat absorption plate layer has a bonding portion for bonding the converter and a first heat absorption cavity for filling a phase change material, the heat dissipation component includes a heat dissipation pipe bonded to the phase change component, and the heat dissipation pipe has a heat dissipation channel for circulating a cooling medium.
[0007] In some embodiments, the phase change component further includes a plurality of heat absorbing sheets connected to the heat absorbing plate layer, the heat absorbing sheets are arranged on a side of the heat absorbing plate layer facing the heat dissipation pipe and protrude along the thickness direction of the heat absorbing plate layer, the heat absorbing sheets have a second heat absorbing cavity for filling the phase change material, and the first heat absorbing cavity is connected to the second heat absorbing cavity.
[0008] In some embodiments, the heat absorption sheet is in the shape of a long strip, and a plurality of the heat absorption sheets are arranged in parallel and at intervals.
[0009] In some embodiments, the heat absorbing plate layer has a first side surface and a second side surface arranged opposite to both ends of the heat absorbing sheet, at least one of the heat absorbing sheets is a first heat absorbing sheet, and the end of the first heat absorbing sheet facing the first side surface is arranged at an interval with the first side surface, at least one of the heat absorbing sheets is a second heat absorbing sheet, and the end of the second heat absorbing sheet facing the second side surface is arranged at an interval with the second side surface, and a plurality of the first heat absorbing sheets and a plurality of the second heat absorbing sheets are arranged alternately in sequence; the heat dissipation pipe comprises a first pipe segment, a second pipe segment, a third pipe segment and a fourth pipe segment connected in sequence, the first pipe segment and the third pipe segment are both arranged parallel to the heat absorbing sheet, the first pipe segment, the first heat absorbing sheet, the third pipe segment and the second heat absorbing sheet are arranged alternately in sequence, the second pipe segment is arranged at one end of the first heat absorbing sheet facing the first side surface, and the fourth pipe segment is arranged at one end of the second heat absorbing sheet facing the second side surface.
[0010] In some embodiments, the converter cooling device further comprises a support seat and a slide, the slide is slidably connected to the support seat along the thickness direction of the heat absorption plate layer, and the heat dissipation pipe is connected to the slide.
[0011] In some embodiments, the converter cooling device further comprises a driving assembly for driving the slide to slide relative to the support seat.
[0012] In some embodiments, the drive assembly includes a lead screw, a nut and a motor, the lead screw is rotatably connected to the support seat, the nut is connected to the slide, the nut is sleeved on the lead screw and cooperates with the lead screw thread, and the output end of the motor is connected to the lead screw.
[0013] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation assembly further includes a valve body, and the valve body is connected to the heat dissipation pipe so as to adjust the flow of the cooling medium in the heat dissipation pipe through the valve body.
[0014] In some embodiments, the converter cooling device further comprises a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to the converter to monitor the temperature of the converter.
[0015] In some embodiments, the converter cooling device further includes a controller, and the valve body and the temperature sensor are both electrically connected to the controller.
[0016] The converter cooling device of the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for cooling the converter of an offshore wind turbine. During the operation of the converter, its heating area generates heat, causing the phase change material in the heat absorbing plate layer to heat up. When the temperature of the phase change material in the heat absorbing plate layer reaches its phase change temperature, it begins to absorb heat and undergoes a phase change, and its state changes (from solid to liquid or gas), thereby achieving cooling of the converter. As heat continues to accumulate, the phase change material gradually reaches a saturated state. At this time, the temperature of the phase change material gradually increases and is transferred to the heat dissipation pipe. The cooling medium circulating in the heat dissipation pipe can take away this part of the heat, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the power system converter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a converter cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a heat dissipation pipe and a heat absorption plate of a converter cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a heat dissipation pipe of a converter cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention being away from a heat absorption plate.
[0020] Reference numerals:
[0021] 100. Converter cooling device;
[0022] 1. phase change component; 11. heat absorbing plate layer; 111. laminating portion; 112. first side surface; 113. second side surface; 12. heat absorbing sheet; 121. first heat absorbing sheet; 122. second heat absorbing sheet;
[0023] 2. heat dissipation assembly; 21. heat dissipation pipe; 211. first pipe section; 212. second pipe section; 213. third pipe section; 214. fourth pipe section;
[0024] 3. Support seat; 31. Slide; 32. Linear guide;
[0025] 4. driving assembly; 41. lead screw; 42. nut; 43. motor;
[0026] 200. Converter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the converter cooling device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a phase change component 1 and a heat dissipation component 2, the phase change component 1 includes a heat absorption plate layer 11, the heat absorption plate layer 11 has a bonding portion 111 for bonding the converter 200 and a first heat absorption cavity for filling the phase change material, the heat dissipation component 2 includes a heat dissipation pipe 21 bonded to the phase change component 1, and the heat dissipation pipe 21 has a heat dissipation channel for circulating the cooling medium.
[0029] The converter cooling device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for cooling the converter 200 of the offshore wind turbine 43. During the operation of the converter 200, the heat generation area generates heat, which causes the phase change material in the heat absorption plate layer 11 to heat up. When the temperature of the phase change material in the heat absorption plate layer 11 reaches its phase change temperature, it begins to absorb heat and undergoes a phase change, and its state changes (from solid to liquid or gas), thereby achieving cooling of the converter 200. As the heat continues to accumulate, the phase change material gradually reaches a saturated state. At this time, the temperature of the phase change material gradually increases and is transferred to the heat dissipation pipe 21. The cooling medium circulating in the heat dissipation pipe 21 can take away this part of the heat, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the power system converter 200.
[0030] Optionally, the phase change material is polylactic acid phase change material, and its phase change temperature range is 39-71°C.
[0031] Thus, when the temperature of the phase change material reaches 39° C., the phase change material begins to undergo phase change, and when the temperature of the phase change material reaches above 71° C., the phase change material reaches a saturated state.
[0032] Optionally, the heat absorbing plate layer 11 is a thin-walled structure, and the first heat absorbing cavity is formed therein, and the first heat absorbing cavity is filled with phase change material.
[0033] Optionally, the cooling medium in the heat dissipation pipe 21 is water.
[0034] The cooling medium circulates in the heat dissipation pipe 21 to take away the heat of the phase change component 1 , thereby cooling the converter 200 .
[0035] It is understandable that achieving the circulation function of the cooling medium in the heat dissipation pipe 21 and maintaining the low temperature of the cooling medium are technical means commonly used by those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.
[0036] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the phase change component 1 also includes a plurality of heat absorbing sheets 12 connected to the heat absorbing plate layer 11. The heat absorbing sheets 12 are arranged on the side of the heat absorbing plate layer 11 facing the heat dissipation pipe 21 and protrude along the thickness direction of the heat absorbing plate layer 11. The heat absorbing sheets 12 have a second heat absorbing cavity for filling the phase change material, and the first heat absorbing cavity is connected to the second heat absorbing cavity.
[0037] The first heat absorption chamber and the second heat absorption chamber are both used to accommodate phase change materials, and the filling amount of the phase change materials can be appropriately increased, thereby improving the heat absorption capacity of the phase change component 1, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the power system converter 200.
[0038] In some embodiments, the heat absorbing sheet 12 is in a long strip shape, and a plurality of heat absorbing sheets 12 are arranged in parallel and at intervals.
[0039] When the phase change material in the phase change component 1 absorbs heat and reaches a saturated state, the temperature of the phase change material begins to rise. By arranging multiple heat absorption plates 12 at intervals, the contact area between the heat absorption plates 12 and the air can be increased, thereby increasing the heat dissipation area of the phase change component 1, and by improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the phase change component 1, the cooling efficiency of the inverter 200 is improved.
[0040] As an example, Figure 2 As shown, the multiple heat absorption sheets 12 are all thin-walled structures, and the above-mentioned second heat absorption cavity is formed inside the heat absorption sheet 12. The multiple second heat absorption cavities are all connected to the first heat absorption cavity, which can make the heat transfer efficiency of the phase change material in the first heat absorption cavity and the second heat absorption cavity higher.
[0041] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the heat absorbing plate layer 11 has a first side surface 112 and a second side surface 113 which are arranged opposite to the two ends of the heat absorbing sheet 12, at least one heat absorbing sheet 12 is a first heat absorbing sheet 121, and the end of the first heat absorbing sheet 121 facing the first side surface 112 is arranged at intervals from the first side surface 112, at least one heat absorbing sheet 12 is a second heat absorbing sheet 122, and the end of the second heat absorbing sheet 122 facing the second side surface 113 is arranged at intervals from the second side surface 113, and a plurality of first heat absorbing sheets 121 and a plurality of second heat absorbing sheets 122 are arranged alternately in sequence; The heat dissipation pipe 21 includes a first pipe section 211, a second pipe section 212, a third pipe section 213 and a fourth pipe section 214 which are connected in sequence. The first pipe section 211 and the third pipe section 213 are arranged in parallel with the heat absorption sheet 12. The first pipe section 211, the first heat absorption sheet 121, the third pipe section 213 and the second heat absorption sheet 122 are arranged alternately in sequence. The second pipe section 212 is arranged at one end of the first heat absorption sheet 121 facing the first side surface 112, and the fourth pipe section 214 is arranged at one end of the second heat absorption sheet 122 facing the second side surface 113.
[0042] The heat dissipation pipe 21 is arranged in a serpentine shape and is sequentially wound around a plurality of first heat absorbing plates 121 and a plurality of second heat absorbing plates 122. The contact area between the heat dissipation pipe 21 and the heat absorbing plate 12 is large, so the heat exchange efficiency between the heat absorbing plate 12 and the heat dissipation pipe 21 is high. When the phase change material absorbs heat and reaches a saturated state, the temperature of the phase change material gradually increases, and the heat of the phase change material can be quickly transferred to the heat dissipation pipe 21, and then the heat is taken away by the cooling medium circulating in the heat dissipation pipe 21, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the inverter 200.
[0043] As an example, Figure 2 As shown, the end surface of the first heat absorbing plate 121 facing the first side surface 112 is arc-shaped, and the end surface of the second heat absorbing plate 122 facing the second side surface 113 is also arc-shaped. Correspondingly, the second pipe segment 212 and the fourth pipe segment 214 of the heat dissipation tube 21 are both arc-shaped; thus, the heat dissipation tube 21 is more matched with the first heat absorbing plate 121 and the second heat absorbing plate 122.
[0044] In some embodiments, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the converter cooling device 100 further includes a support seat 3 and a slide 31 . The slide 31 is slidably connected to the support seat 3 along the thickness direction of the heat absorbing plate layer 11 , and the heat dissipation pipe 21 is connected to the slide 31 .
[0045] By sliding the slide 31 along the thickness direction of the heat absorbing plate layer 11, the heat dissipation pipe 21 can be controlled to be close to or away from the heat absorbing plate 12, so as to adjust the contact area between the heat dissipation pipe 21 and the heat absorbing plate 12, thereby adjusting the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation pipe 21; thereby, the relative position of the heat dissipation pipe 21 and the heat absorbing plate 12 is adjusted according to the temperature change of the inverter 200, so as to realize intelligent heat dissipation.
[0046] As an example, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the support seat 3 is arranged on the lower side of the heat dissipation pipe 21, the slide 31 is in the shape of a rectangular plate, two sets of linear guide rails 32 are provided between the slide 31 and the support seat 3, and the slide 31 is slidably connected to the support seat 3 through the linear guide rails 32; the heat dissipation pipe 21 is arranged on the side of the slide 31 facing the heat absorption plate 12, and is fixedly connected to the slide 31 through a plurality of connecting blocks; the slide 31 can be used to control the heat dissipation pipe 21 to approach or move away from the heat absorption plate 12.
[0047] Alternatively, if Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the support seat 3 extends to the lower side of the heat absorbing plate layer 11 , and the heat absorbing plate layer 11 of the phase change assembly 1 is connected to the support seat 3 .
[0048] Thus, the phase change component 1 and the heat dissipation component 2 are integrated on the support base 3 , which is more conducive to the installation of the converter cooling device 100 .
[0049] In some embodiments, the converter cooling device 100 further includes a driving assembly 4 for driving the slide 31 to slide relative to the support base 3 .
[0050] In some embodiments, the driving assembly 4 includes a screw 41, a nut 42 and a motor 43. The screw 41 is rotatably connected to the support seat 3, the nut 42 is connected to the slide 31, the nut 42 is sleeved on the screw 41 and threadedly matched with the screw 41, and the output end of the motor 43 is connected to the screw 41.
[0051] The starting motor 43 controls the rotation of the lead screw 41. Through the cooperation between the lead screw 41 and the nut 42, the nut 42 can be driven to move along the lead screw 41, thereby driving the slide 31 and the heat dissipation tube 21 to move, thereby adjusting the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation tube 21 by adjusting the contact area between the heat dissipation tube 21 and the heat absorption plate 12.
[0052] As an example, Figure 3 As shown, the driving assembly 4 is arranged between two sets of linear guide rails 32 , thereby ensuring the stability of the reciprocating sliding of the slide 31 relative to the support seat 3 .
[0053] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation assembly 2 further includes a valve body (not shown in the figure), which is connected to the heat dissipation pipe 21 to adjust the flow of the cooling medium in the heat dissipation pipe 21 through the valve body.
[0054] Through the above settings, the opening of the valve body can be adjusted according to the temperature of the converter 200, thereby adjusting the flow of the cooling medium in the heat pipe 21, thereby further improving the adjustment flexibility of the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat pipe 21 and realizing intelligent heat dissipation.
[0055] Optionally, the valve body is a solenoid valve.
[0056] In some embodiments, the converter cooling device 100 further includes a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure), which is connected to the converter 200 to monitor the temperature of the converter 200 .
[0057] In some embodiments, the converter cooling device 100 further includes a controller (not shown in the figure), and the valve body and the temperature sensor are both electrically connected to the controller.
[0058] Optionally, the motor 43 is electrically connected to the controller.
[0059] The temperature change of the inverter 200 can be monitored by the temperature sensor, and the motor 43 can be automatically controlled to start according to the temperature change of the inverter 200, so as to control the relative position of the heat dissipation pipe 21 and the heat absorption plate 12 to control the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation pipe 21; at the same time, the opening of the valve body can be automatically controlled according to the temperature change of the inverter 200, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation pipe 21 can be further controlled, thereby realizing intelligent heat dissipation of the inverter 200.
[0060] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
[0061] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0062] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0063] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
[0064] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
[0065] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A converter cooling device (100), characterized in that: The invention comprises a phase change component (1) and a heat dissipation component (2), wherein the phase change component (1) comprises a heat absorption plate layer (11), wherein the heat absorption plate layer (11) has a bonding portion (111) for bonding the converter (200) and a first heat absorption cavity for filling a phase change material, and wherein the heat dissipation component (2) comprises a heat dissipation pipe (21) bonded to the phase change component (1), wherein the heat dissipation pipe (21) has a heat dissipation channel for circulating a cooling medium.
2. The converter cooling device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change component (1) further comprises a plurality of heat absorbing sheets (12) connected to the heat absorbing plate layer (11); the heat absorbing sheets (12) are arranged on a side of the heat absorbing plate layer (11) facing the heat dissipation pipe (21) and protrude along the thickness direction of the heat absorbing plate layer (11); the heat absorbing sheets (12) have a second heat absorbing cavity for filling a phase change material; and the first heat absorbing cavity is connected to the second heat absorbing cavity.
3. The converter cooling device (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat absorbing sheet (12) is in the shape of an elongated strip, and a plurality of the heat absorbing sheets (12) are arranged in parallel and at intervals.
4. The converter cooling device (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat absorbing plate layer (11) comprises a first side surface (112) and a second side surface (113) which are arranged opposite to the two ends of the heat absorbing sheet (12); at least one of the heat absorbing sheets (12) is a first heat absorbing sheet (121); an end portion of the first heat absorbing sheet (121) facing the first side surface (112) is arranged at an interval from the first side surface (112); at least one of the heat absorbing sheets (12) is a second heat absorbing sheet (122); an end portion of the second heat absorbing sheet (122) facing the second side surface (113) is arranged at an interval from the second side surface (113); and a plurality of the first heat absorbing sheets (121) and a plurality of the second heat absorbing sheets (122) are arranged alternately in sequence; The heat dissipation pipe (21) comprises a first pipe section (211), a second pipe section (212), a third pipe section (213) and a fourth pipe section (214) which are connected in sequence; the first pipe section (211) and the third pipe section (213) are both arranged in parallel with the heat absorption plate (12); the first pipe section (211), the first heat absorption plate (121), the third pipe section (213) and the second heat absorption plate (122) are arranged alternately in sequence; the second pipe section (212) is arranged at one end of the first heat absorption plate (121) facing the first side surface (112); and the fourth pipe section (214) is arranged at one end of the second heat absorption plate (122) facing the second side surface (113).
5. The converter cooling device (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also comprises a support seat (3) and a slide (31), wherein the slide (31) is slidably connected to the support seat (3) along the thickness direction of the heat absorption plate layer (11), and the heat dissipation pipe (21) is connected to the slide (31).
6. The converter cooling device (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a driving assembly (4) for driving the slide (31) to slide relative to the support seat (3).
7. The converter cooling device (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving assembly (4) comprises a lead screw (41), a nut (42) and a motor (43); the lead screw (41) is rotatably connected to the support seat (3); the nut (42) is connected to the slide (31); the nut (42) is sleeved on the lead screw (41) and threadedly matched with the lead screw (41); and the output end of the motor (43) is connected to the lead screw (41).
8. The converter cooling device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The heat dissipation component (2) further comprises a valve body, wherein the valve body is connected to the heat dissipation pipe (21) so as to adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium in the heat dissipation pipe (21) through the valve body.
9. The converter cooling device (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that: A temperature sensor is also included, and the temperature sensor is connected to the converter (200) to monitor the temperature of the converter (200).
10. The converter cooling device (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that: A controller is also included, and the valve body and the temperature sensor are both electrically connected to the controller.