Vehicle

Abstract

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present technology, a vehicle is provided. The vehicle includes: a frame; a battery pack spaced apart from the frame and including a case and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the case; and a foamable layer interposed between the frame and the battery pack and including a foamable refractory material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a vehicle. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to an electric vehicle and a hybrid electric vehicle using electricity as a power source. This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0071233 filed on June 2, 2023 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0149630 filed on November 2, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0002] Unlike primary batteries, secondary batteries can be charged and discharged multiple times. Secondary batteries have been widely used as energy sources for various types of wireless devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and cordless vacuum cleaners. Recently, due to the improvement of energy density and economies of scale, the manufacturing cost per unit capacity of secondary batteries has been greatly reduced, and the cruising range of battery electric vehicles (BEV) has also increased to the same level as fuel vehicles, so that the main use of secondary batteries is shifting from mobile devices to automobiles.

[0003] The safety of secondary batteries is directly related to the life safety of the passengers in the car. Therefore, the key task in developing secondary battery technology for vehicles is to improve the safety of secondary batteries. In order to improve the safety of secondary batteries, it is crucial to design an effective discharge path for high-temperature gases in secondary batteries. Summary of the invention

[0004] Technical issues

[0005] The present disclosure aims to provide a vehicle with improved safety.

[0006] Technical Solution

[0007] An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a vehicle including a frame, a battery pack spaced apart from the frame and including a housing and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the housing, and a foamable layer interposed between the frame and the battery pack and containing a foamable fire-resistant material.

[0008] The foamable layer may be in contact with the frame.

[0009] The foamable layer may be spaced apart from the battery pack.

[0010] The foamable layer may be in contact with the battery pack.

[0011] The foamable layer may be spaced apart from the frame.

[0012] The foamable layer may be in contact with each of the battery pack and the frame.

[0013] The area of ​​the foamable layer may be substantially the same as the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

[0014] The area of ​​the foamable layer may be different from the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

[0015] The area of ​​the foamable layer may be smaller than the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

[0016] The area of ​​the foamable layer may be larger than the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

[0017] The foamable refractory material may be configured to form a foamed layer upon a thermal runaway event in the battery pack, the foamed layer being an insulating carbonized layer.

[0018] The foamed layer may be porous.

[0019] The volume of the foamed layer may be greater than the volume of the foamable layer.

[0020] An exemplary embodiment provides a vehicle, comprising: a frame; a battery pack spaced apart from the frame and comprising a housing and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the housing; and a plurality of foamable structures located between the frame and the battery pack, wherein each of the plurality of foamable structures comprises a capsule and a foamable material in the capsule.

[0021] Each of the plurality of foamable structures may overlap a lead plate of the battery pack.

[0022] When a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack, the bladder may rupture or disintegrate.

[0023] When a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack, the foamable material may be configured to form a foamed layer.

[0024] Each of the plurality of foamable structures may be bonded to the frame.

[0025] Each of the plurality of foamable structures may be coupled to a battery pack.

[0026] Beneficial Effects

[0027] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a foamable layer including a foamed fire-resistant material may be provided between a frame of a vehicle and a battery pack, thereby improving the safety of the vehicle.

[0028] The effects that can be achieved by the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above effects, and those skilled in the art to which the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure belong will clearly derive and understand other effects not described herein from the following description. That is, the unexpected effects achieved when implementing the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be derived from the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A vehicle is shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0030] Figure 2 The layout of the lead plates and foamable layers of the battery pack is shown.

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of a vehicle according to the exemplary embodiment.

[0032] Figure 4 A vehicle according to another exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0033] Figure 5 A vehicle according to another exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0034] Figure 6 The layout of the lead plates and foamable layers of the battery pack is shown.

[0035] Figure 7 A vehicle according to another exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0036] Figure 8 The layout of the lead plates and foamable layers of the battery pack is shown.

[0037] Fig. 9 A vehicle according to another exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0038] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0039] Fig.11 The layout of the lead plate and multiple foamable structures of the battery pack is shown.

[0040] Fig.12 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Before describing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms or expressions used in this specification and claims should not be understood as being limited to those generally understood or defined in a commonly used dictionary, but should be understood based on the principle that one or more inventors of the present application can appropriately define these terms or expressions, and according to the meanings and concepts corresponding to the present disclosure, so as to best interpret the present disclosure.

[0042] Therefore, the embodiments described herein and the configurations shown in the accompanying drawings are merely examples of the present disclosure and do not reflect the entire technical ideas of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that various equivalents and modifications have been made to replace these configurations on the filing date of the present application.

[0043] When it is determined that a well-known configuration or function related to describing the present disclosure would obscure the subject matter of the present disclosure due to unnecessary detail, it will not be described in detail.

[0044] Since the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to more fully explain the present disclosure to those skilled in the art, the shapes, sizes, etc. of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated, omitted, or schematically shown for the sake of clarity. Therefore, it should not be understood that the sizes or ratios of these components fully reflect their actual sizes or ratios.

[0045] (First embodiment)

[0046] Figure 1 A vehicle 10 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0047] Figure 2 The layout of the lead plate 150 and the foamable layer 230 of the battery pack 100 is shown.

[0048] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the effects of the vehicle 10 according to the exemplary embodiment.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the vehicle 10 may include a battery pack 100 , a bottom panel 210 , a frame 220 , and a foamable layer 230 .

[0050] According to an exemplary embodiment, the vehicle 10 may be a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The vehicle 10 may be driven by electric energy stored in the battery pack 100. The vehicle 10 is not limited to a passenger car, and may be, for example, a truck, an electric scooter, an electric wheelchair, or an electric bicycle.

[0051] The floor 210 may be a battery tray supporting the battery pack 100. The battery pack 100 may be located on the floor 210. The frame 220 may define the outer shape of the vehicle 10. The frame 220 may be a base frame supporting mechanical components of the vehicle 10. The frame 220 may be spaced apart from the battery pack 100.

[0052] The battery pack 100 may include a case 110, a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120, a cross member 130, a plurality of vents 140, and a lead plate 150. The battery pack 100 is a final form of a battery system mounted on a car or the like.

[0053] The case 110 may provide a space for arranging a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 therein. The case 110 may include a bottom plate 111 and side walls 112 and 113.

[0054] Two directions substantially parallel to the upper surface 111U of the bottom plate 111 are defined as an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction, and a direction substantially perpendicular to the upper surface 111U of the bottom plate 111 is defined as a Z-axis direction. The X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction may be substantially perpendicular to each other. Unless otherwise specified, the definition of directions will apply to the following drawings.

[0055] The bottom plate 111 may include a plurality of plates bonded to each other by friction stir welding. The bottom plate 111 may include a plurality of cooling channels, which are flow paths for cooling fluid. The bottom plate 111 may include a plurality of cavities, thereby reducing the weight of the bottom plate 111. Each of the plurality of cooling channels and the plurality of cavities may extend in the X-axis direction.

[0056] The side walls 112 and 113 may be coupled to the bottom plate 111. The side walls 112 and 113 may be welded to the bottom plate 111. The side walls 112 and 113 may extend in the Z-axis direction. The side walls 112 and 113 may each include an empty space inside, so the weight may be very light. The side walls 112 and 113 may also include exhaust holes connected to the exhaust device 140 to be described below. The side walls 112 and 113 may be substantially perpendicular to the X-axis direction.

[0057] The plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 may be located on the bottom plate 111 of the housing 110. The bottom plate 111 may support the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120. The side walls 112 and 113 may horizontally surround the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120.

[0058] Each of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 may include a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of separators. Each of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 may be a module type or a module-free type. Each of the module type battery cell assemblies 120 may include a module frame surrounding the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of separators. Each of the module-free battery cell assemblies 120 may not include a module frame.

[0059] Each of the plurality of battery cells includes an electrode assembly, an electrolyte, and a housing for accommodating the electrode assembly and the electrolyte. The housing may be a soft-pack housing, a cylindrical housing, or a prismatic housing. The soft-pack housing may include an aluminum laminate. The prismatic housing and the cylindrical housing may include a metal material such as aluminum. The prismatic housing may have a quadrangular prism shape. The cylindrical housing may have a quadrangular prism shape.

[0060] The electrode assembly included in the housing includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Depending on the assembly form, the electrode assembly may be a jelly-roll type electrode assembly or a stacked electrode assembly. The jelly-roll type electrode assembly may include a structure in which the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound together. The stacked type electrode assembly may include a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes stacked in sequence and a plurality of separators interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0061] A plurality of battery cells may form a plurality of banks. A plurality of banks may include a group of battery cells connected in parallel to each other. A plurality of banks may be connected in series to each other. The output current of the battery cell stack 121 may be determined by the number of battery cells in each of the plurality of banks, and the output voltage of the battery cell stack 121 may be determined by the number of the plurality of banks.

[0062] According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 may further include a plurality of separators interposed between the plurality of battery cells. The plurality of separators may horizontally support the plurality of battery cells to prevent the plurality of battery cells from swelling.

[0063] According to an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of diaphragms may be thermal barriers. According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of diaphragms may have a high melting temperature and low thermal conductivity. According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of diaphragms may include a flame retardant material, such as ceramic and coated fiberglass. According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of diaphragms may be configured to release a flame retardant material and a fire extinguishing agent in the event of a thermal runaway event.

[0064] The cross beam 130 may be interposed between the battery cell assemblies 120. The cross beam 130 may isolate adjacent battery cell assemblies 120 in the X-axis direction.

[0065] According to an exemplary embodiment, the battery pack 100 may further include a center beam. The center beam may be substantially parallel to the X-axis direction. The center beam may separate the battery cell assemblies 120 adjacent to the side wall 112 in the Y-axis direction.

[0066] A plurality of exhaust devices 140 may be coupled to the housing 110. The plurality of exhaust devices 140 may be coupled to the side walls 112 and 113 of the housing 110. The plurality of exhaust devices 140 may include a rupture disk, or may be a valve type. The plurality of exhaust devices 140 may be fixed to the side walls 112 and 113 by brackets.

[0067] When the battery pack 100 is in a normal state, the plurality of exhaust devices 140 may isolate the inside of the battery pack 100 from the outside. When a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack 100, the plurality of exhaust devices 140 may open a plurality of exhaust holes to provide a path for discharging high temperature gas to the outside.

[0068] Here, thermal runaway in the battery pack 100 refers to a state in which the temperature change of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 accelerates the temperature change, i.e., uncontrollable positive feedback. The temperature of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 in the thermal runaway state rises sharply, releasing a large amount of high-pressure gas and burning fragments.

[0069] When a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack 100, the internal pressure of the battery pack 100 increases. Due to the increase in the internal pressure of the battery pack 100, the plurality of exhaust devices 140 may be opened, and high-temperature gas may be discharged from the inside of the battery pack 100 to the outside through the plurality of exhaust devices 140. Therefore, heat propagation may be delayed, and the stability of the battery pack 100 may be improved.

[0070] The lead plate 150 may be coupled to the side walls 112 and 113. The lead plate 150 may cover elements inside the battery pack 100, such as the battery cell assembly 120 and electronic components. The lead plate 150 may be fixed to the side walls 112 and 113 by mechanical means, such as bolts.

[0071] The battery pack 100 may further include an interconnector that interconnects adjacent battery cell assemblies 120. Thus, a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 may be connected in series, and the battery pack 100 may output a high voltage.

[0072] The battery pack 100 may further include electronic components. The electronic components may include electronic devices required to drive the battery pack 100. The electronic components may be located on the electronic component mounting region EMR.

[0073] For example, the electronic components may include a battery management system (BMS). The BMS may be configured to monitor, balance, and control the battery pack 100. Monitoring the battery pack 100 may include measuring the voltage and current of a portion of nodes inside the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120, and measuring the temperature of a set position in the battery pack 100. As described above, the battery pack 100 may include measuring instruments for measuring voltage, current, and temperature.

[0074] Balancing the battery pack 100 is an operation to reduce the deviation between the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120. Control of the battery pack 100 includes preventing overcharge, preventing overdischarge, and preventing overcurrent. Through monitoring, balancing, and controlling, the battery pack 100 can operate under optimal conditions, thereby preventing the service life of each of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 from being shortened.

[0075] The electronic components may also include a cooling device, a power relay assembly (PRA), a safety plug, etc. The cooling device may include a cooling fan. The cooling fan may circulate air in the battery pack 100 to prevent each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 from overheating. The PRA may be configured to supply or cut off power from the high-voltage battery to an external load (e.g., a motor of a vehicle). When an abnormal voltage such as a voltage surge occurs, the PRA may cut off the power supply to the external load (e.g., a motor of a vehicle) to protect the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 and the external load (e.g., a motor of a vehicle).

[0076] Reference Figures 1 to 3 The foamable layer 230 may include a foamable refractory material. Here, the foamable refractory material may be configured to foam when heated. The foaming process may include melting, foaming, expansion, generating an insulating layer, and generating a ceramic layer of the surface coating.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, the volume of the foamed layer 230F may be greater than the volume of the foamable layer 230. The foamed layer 230F may fill the space between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foamed layer 230F may be an insulating carbonized layer. The foamed layer 230F may be porous. The foamed layer 230F may have a high ignition point, a high melting point, and low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the high temperature gas and flames discharged from the plurality of exhaust devices 140 may be prevented from reaching the frame 220 of the vehicle 10, and the safety of the vehicle 10 may be improved.

[0078] According to an exemplary embodiment, the vehicle 10 may further include an on-board charger (OBC), an electric power control unit (EPCU), a drive motor, and a reducer. The OBC may be configured to convert alternating-current (AC) supplied to the vehicle 10 into direct-current (DC). The drive motor may be configured to provide torque based on the power from the battery pack 100. The reducer may be configured to adjust the number of rotations of the motor to control the torque.

[0079] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foamable layer 230 may be located on the frame 220. The foamable layer 230 may be provided by a method such as painting, coating, or spraying. The foamable layer 230 may be interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foamable layer 230 may be in contact with the frame 220. The foamable layer 230 may be spaced apart from the battery pack 100.

[0080] The area of ​​the foamable layer 230 may be substantially the same as the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The length of the foamable layer 230 in the X-axis direction may be substantially the same as the length of the lead plate 150 in the X-axis direction. The length of the foamable layer 230 in the Y-axis direction may be substantially the same as the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y-axis direction.

[0081] (Second embodiment)

[0082] Figure 4 A vehicle 11 is shown according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0083] Reference Figure 4 , the vehicle 11 may include a battery pack 100 , a floor 210 , a frame 220 , and a foamable layer 231 .

[0084] The battery pack 100, the floor 210 and the frame 220 are similar to those described above. Figures 1 to 3 The described battery pack 100 , floor panel 210 , and frame 220 are substantially the same, and thus redundant descriptions thereof are omitted herein.

[0085] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foamable layer 231 may include a foamed fire-resistant material. The foamable layer 231 may be interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foamable layer 231 may be in contact with each of the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. According to an exemplary embodiment, a sufficient amount of the foamable fire-resistant material is interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100 to improve the safety of the vehicle 11.

[0086] (Third Embodiment)

[0087] Figure 5 A vehicle 12 is shown according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0088] Figure 6 The layout of the lead plate 150 and the foamable layer 232 of the battery pack 100 is shown.

[0089] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the vehicle 12 may include a battery pack 100 , a floor 210 , a frame 220 , and a foamable layer 232 .

[0090] The battery pack 100, the floor 210 and the frame 220 are similar to those described above. Figures 1 to 3The described battery pack 100 , floor panel 210 , and frame 220 are substantially the same, and thus redundant descriptions thereof are omitted herein.

[0091] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foamable layer 232 may be located on the frame 220. The foamable layer 232 may be interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foamable layer 232 may be in contact with the frame 220. The foamable layer 232 may be spaced apart from the battery pack 100.

[0092] The area of ​​the foamable layer 232 may be different from the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The area of ​​the foamable layer 232 may be smaller than the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The length of the foamable layer 232 in the X-axis direction may be different from the length of the lead plate 150 in the X-axis direction. The length of the foamable layer 232 in the X-axis direction may be smaller than the length of the lead plate 150 in the X-axis direction. The length of the foamable layer 232 in the Y-axis direction may be different from the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y-axis direction. The length of the foamable layer 232 in the Y-axis direction may be smaller than the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y-axis direction.

[0093] According to an exemplary embodiment, by providing the foamable layer 232 having an area smaller than that of the lead plate 150 , the weight of the vehicle 12 and the manufacturing cost of the vehicle 12 may be reduced.

[0094] (Fourth embodiment)

[0095] Figure 7 A vehicle 13 is shown according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0096] Figure 8 The layout of the lead plate 150 and the foamable layer 233 of the battery pack 100 is shown.

[0097] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the vehicle 13 may include a battery pack 100 , a floor 210 , a frame 220 , and a foamable layer 233 .

[0098] The battery pack 100, the floor 210 and the frame 220 are similar to those described above. Figures 1 to 3 The described battery pack 100 , floor panel 210 , and frame 220 are substantially the same, and thus redundant descriptions thereof are omitted herein.

[0099] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foamable layer 233 may be located on the frame 220. The foamable layer 233 may be interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foamable layer 233 may be in contact with the frame 220. The foamable layer 233 may be spaced apart from the battery pack 100.

[0100] The area of ​​the foamable layer 233 may be different from the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The area of ​​the foamable layer 233 may be greater than the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The length of the foamable layer 233 in the X-axis direction may be different from the length of the lead plate 150 in the X-axis direction. The length of the foamable layer 233 in the X-axis direction may be greater than the length of the lead plate 150 in the X-axis direction. The length of the foamable layer 233 in the Y-axis direction may be different from the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y-axis direction. The length of the foamable layer 233 in the Y-axis direction may be greater than the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y-axis direction.

[0101] According to an exemplary embodiment, a sufficient amount of foamable fire-resistant material is interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100 to improve the safety of the vehicle 13 .

[0102] (Fifth Embodiment)

[0103] Fig. 9 A vehicle 14 is shown according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0104] Reference Fig. 9 , the vehicle 14 may include a battery pack 100 , a floor 210 , and a frame 220 .

[0105] The battery pack 100, the floor 210 and the frame 220 are similar to those described above. Figures 1 to 3 The described battery pack 100 , floor panel 210 , and frame 220 are substantially the same, and thus redundant descriptions thereof are omitted herein.

[0106] According to an exemplary embodiment, the battery pack 100 may include a housing 110, a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120, a crossbeam 130, a plurality of vents 140, a lead plate 150, and a foamable layer 160. The housing 110, the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120, the crossbeam 130, the plurality of vents 140, and the lead plate 150 are similar to those described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3 The described housing, multiple battery cell assemblies, cross beams, multiple exhaust devices, lead plates and foamable layers are basically the same, so redundant descriptions thereof are omitted here.

[0107] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foamable layer 160 may be located on the battery pack 100. According to an exemplary embodiment, the foamable layer 160 may be located on the lead plate 150 of the battery pack 100. According to an exemplary embodiment, the foamable layer 160 may be in contact with the battery pack 100. According to an exemplary embodiment, the foamable layer 160 may be in contact with the lead plate 150 of the battery pack 100.

[0108] The foamable layer 160 may be interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foamable layer 160 may be spaced apart from the frame 220.

[0109] Fig.10is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle 15 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0110] Fig.11 The layout of the lead plate 150 and the plurality of foamable structures 234 of the battery pack 100 is shown.

[0111] Reference Fig.10 and Fig.11 , the vehicle 15 may include a battery pack 100 , a floor 210 , a frame 220 , and a plurality of foamable structures 234 .

[0112] The battery pack 100, the floor 210 and the frame 220 are similar to those described above. Figures 1 to 3 The described battery pack 100 , floor panel 210 , and frame 220 are substantially the same, and thus redundant descriptions thereof are omitted herein.

[0113] Each of the plurality of foamable structures 234 may be interposed between the lead plate 150 of the battery pack 100 and the frame 220 of the vehicle 15. In this example, each of the plurality of foamable structures 234 may be coupled to the frame 220 of the vehicle 15.

[0114] According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of foamable structures 234 may overlap the lead plate 150 in the Z-axis direction. According to an exemplary embodiment, the foamable structures 234 may be arranged in a matrix along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. For example, Fig.11 The foamable structures 234 are shown arranged in five rows and six columns, and the number and arrangement of the foamable structures 234 may be changed according to the design of the battery pack 100 and the designs of the floor 210 and the frame 220 .

[0115] According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of foamable structures 234 may include a foamable material 234F and a capsule 234C. The foamable material 234F may be included in the capsule 234C. The foamable material 234F may have fire resistance, high specific heat, and low thermal conductivity. Therefore, when a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack 100, the foamable material 234F of each of the plurality of foamable structures 234 may form a foamed layer. Due to the formation of the foamed layer, the capsule 234C may be damaged or decomposed, and the space between the battery pack 100 and the frame 220 may be filled with the foamed layer. For example, the capsule 234C may be pyrolyzed or damaged due to the pressure of the foamed layer.

[0116] According to an exemplary embodiment, the height of the foamed layer may be in the range of about 5 mm to about 50 mm. According to an exemplary embodiment, the height of the foamed layer may be about 10 mm or more. According to an exemplary embodiment, the height of the foamed layer may be about 15 mm or more. According to an exemplary embodiment, the height of the foamed layer may be about 40 mm or less. According to an exemplary embodiment, the height of the foamed layer may be about 30 mm or less. According to an exemplary embodiment, the height of the foamed layer may be about 20 mm or less.

[0117] Fig.12 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle 16 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0118] Reference Fig.12 , the vehicle 16 may include a battery pack 100 , a floor 210 , a frame 220 , and a plurality of foamable structures 234 .

[0119] The battery pack 100, the floor 210 and the frame 220 are similar to those described above. Figures 1 to 3 The described battery pack 100 , floor panel 210 , and frame 220 are substantially the same, and thus redundant descriptions thereof are omitted herein.

[0120] In addition to each of the plurality of foamable structures 234 being bonded to the lead plate 150 of the battery pack 100, the vehicle 16 in this example is Fig.10 The same as vehicle 15 in FIG.

[0121] The present disclosure has been described in more detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments, etc. However, the configurations shown in the drawings or the embodiments described in this specification are only embodiments of the present disclosure and do not reflect the entire technical concept of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that various equivalents and modifications have been made to replace these configurations on the filing date of the present application.

Claims

1. A vehicle comprising: frame; a battery pack spaced apart from the frame and comprising a housing and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the housing; as well as A foamable layer is interposed between the frame and the battery pack and includes a foamable fire-resistant material.

2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The foamable layer is in contact with the frame.

3. The vehicle according to claim 2, wherein: The foamable layer is spaced apart from the battery pack.

4. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The foamable layer is in contact with the battery pack.

5. The vehicle according to claim 2, wherein: The foamable layer is spaced apart from the frame.

6. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The foamable layer contacts each of the battery pack and the frame.

7. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The area of ​​the foamable layer is substantially the same as the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

8. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein: The area of ​​the foamable layer is different from the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

9. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein: The area of ​​the foamable layer is smaller than the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

10. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein: The area of ​​the foamable layer is greater than the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

11. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The foamable refractory material is configured to form a foamed layer when a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack, the foamed layer being an insulating carbonized layer.

12. The vehicle according to claim 11, wherein: The foamed layer is porous.

13. The vehicle according to claim 11, wherein: The volume of the foamed layer is greater than the volume of the foamable layer.

14. A vehicle comprising: frame; a battery pack spaced apart from the frame and comprising a housing and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the housing; as well as A plurality of foamable structures are located between the frame and the battery pack, Each of the plurality of foamable structures includes a capsule and a foamable material in the capsule.

15. The vehicle of claim 14, wherein: Each of the plurality of foamable structures overlaps a lead plate of the battery pack.

16. The vehicle of claim 14, wherein: When a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack, the capsule is damaged or decomposed.

17. The vehicle of claim 14, wherein: The foamable material is configured to form a foamed layer upon a thermal runaway event in the battery pack.

18. The vehicle of claim 14, wherein: Each of the plurality of foamable structures is coupled to the frame.

19. The vehicle of claim 14, wherein: Each of the plurality of foamable structures is coupled to the battery pack.

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