Light-emitting device and electronic apparatus

Abstract

Provided is a light-emitting device provided with a metamaterial having a function other than a light-condensing effect. The light-emitting device includes: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally; and a plurality of metamaterials disposed corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements, respectively. The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures arranged two-dimensionally, the plurality of nanostructures including a plurality of separated nanostructures, the plurality of separated nanostructures being separated in a height direction of the nanostructures, the plurality of separated nanostructures being provided at an outer peripheral portion of a light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a light emitting device and an electronic device having the light emitting device. Background Art

[0002] In the technical field of light-emitting devices, a super lens in which a lens is formed by a structure below the wavelength of light is widely known. As the main function of a super lens, a focusing effect produced by controlling the phase of light can be cited. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a display device in which a plurality of nano structures are formed in a single layer on an encapsulation layer to form a plurality of nano lenses.

[0003] Prior art literature

[0004] Patent Literature

[0005] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2018 / 222688 Pamphlet Summary of the invention

[0006] Technical problem to be solved by the invention

[0007] As a new generation of super lenses, it is expected to have other functions in addition to the light focusing effect. However, in the nano lens described in Patent Document 1, it is difficult to obtain functions other than the light focusing effect.

[0008] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a light-emitting device including a metamaterial having functions other than a light-collecting effect, and an electronic device including the light-emitting device.

[0009] Solutions for solving technical problems

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first light-emitting device involved in the present disclosure comprises: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and a plurality of metamaterials, which are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements, the metamaterials include a plurality of nanostructures arranged in two dimensions, the plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of separated structure nanostructures, the plurality of separated structure nanostructures are separated in the height direction of the nanostructures, and the plurality of separated structure nanostructures are arranged at the periphery of the light-emitting area corresponding to the light-emitting elements.

[0011] The second light-emitting device involved in the present disclosure comprises: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and a plurality of metamaterials, which are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein the metamaterials include a plurality of nanostructures, and the plurality of nanostructures are three-dimensionally arranged in a stepped shape descending from the center of the light-emitting area corresponding to the light-emitting element toward the periphery of the light-emitting area.

[0012] The third light-emitting device involved in the present disclosure comprises: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and a plurality of metamaterials, which are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements, the metamaterials including a plurality of nanostructures, the plurality of nanostructures being arranged to form a plurality of oblique columns under cross-sectional observation, and the oblique columns are separated from the central axis of the light-emitting element as they move away from the light-emitting element under cross-sectional observation.

[0013] The fourth light-emitting device involved in the present disclosure comprises: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and a plurality of metamaterials, which are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements, the metamaterials comprising a plurality of nanostructures arranged in two dimensions, the plurality of nanostructures comprising a plurality of first nanostructures and a plurality of second nanostructures, the plurality of second nanostructures being arranged at the periphery of the light-emitting region corresponding to the light-emitting elements, the plurality of first nanostructures being arranged on the inner side of the periphery, and the bottom of the second nanostructure being located at a position higher than the bottom of the first nanostructure.

[0014] The electronic device according to the present disclosure includes a first light emitting device, a second light emitting device, a third light emitting device, or a fourth light emitting device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a plan view of the display device according to the first embodiment.

[0016] exist Figure 2 middle, Figure 2 A. Figure 2 B is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of the display area.

[0017] exist Figure 3 middle, Figure 3 A. Figure 3 B is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of the display area.

[0018] Figure 4 It is along Figure 2 A cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV.

[0019] Figure 5 It is along Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of line VV.

[0020] exist Figure 6 middle, Figure 6 A. Figure 6 B. Figure 6 C. Figure 6 D is a process diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the display device according to the first embodiment.

[0021] exist Figure 7 middle, Figure 7 A. Figure 7 B. Figure 7 C is a process diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the display device according to the first embodiment.

[0022] exist Figure 8 middle, Figure 8 A. Figure 8 B. Figure 8 C is a process diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the display device according to the first embodiment.

[0023] Fig. 9 It is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to the second embodiment.

[0024] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a third embodiment.

[0025] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a fourth embodiment.

[0026] Fig.12 It is along Fig.11 A cross-sectional view taken along line XII-XII.

[0027] Fig.13 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a comparative example.

[0028] Fig.14 It is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a fifth embodiment.

[0029] Fig.15 Yes Fig.14 A cross-sectional view showing a portion of the image in an enlarged manner.

[0030] Fig.16 It is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a sixth embodiment.

[0031] Fig.17 It is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a seventh embodiment.

[0032] exist Fig.18 middle, Fig.18 A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a first example of the resonator structure. Fig.18 B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a second example of the resonator structure.

[0033] exist Fig.19 middle, Fig.19 A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a third example of the resonator structure. Fig.19 B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the fourth example of the resonator structure.

[0034] exist Fig. 20 middle, Fig. 20A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a fifth example of the resonator structure. Fig. 20 B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the sixth example of the resonator structure.

[0035] Fig.21 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a seventh example of the resonator structure.

[0036] exist Fig. 22 middle, Fig. 22 A is a front view of a digital still camera. Fig. 22 B is a rear view of the digital still camera.

[0037] Fig.23 It is a stereogram of a head mounted display.

[0038] Fig.24 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a television set.

[0039] Fig.25 It is a stereogram of a see-through head mounted display.

[0040] Fig.26 It is a stereogram of a smartphone.

[0041] exist Fig. 27 middle, Fig. 27 A is a diagram showing the interior of the vehicle from the rear to the front of the vehicle. Fig. 27 B is a diagram showing the interior of the vehicle from the oblique rear to the oblique front of the vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in the following order with reference to the drawings. In addition, in all the drawings of the following embodiments, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0043] 1 First Embodiment (Example of Display Device)

[0044] 2 Second Embodiment (Example of Display Device)

[0045] 3 Third Embodiment (Example of Display Device)

[0046] 4 Fourth Embodiment (Example of Display Device)

[0047] 5 Fifth Embodiment (Example of Display Device)

[0048] 6 Sixth Embodiment (Example of Display Device)

[0049] 7 Seventh Embodiment (Example of Display Device)

[0050] 8 Variations

[0051] 9 Analysis example by simulation

[0052] 10 Examples of Resonator Structures Applicable to Each Embodiment

[0053] 11 Application Examples

[0054] <1 First Embodiment>

[0055] [Structure of Display Device 101]

[0056] Figure 1 1 is a top view of the display device 101 according to the first embodiment. The display device 101 includes a display region RE1 and a peripheral region RE2 provided around the display region RE1. In this specification, the horizontal direction of the display region RE1 is referred to as the horizontal direction D. X The vertical direction of the display area RE1 is referred to as the vertical direction D Y In addition, the horizontal direction D X And vertical direction D Y The two directions perpendicular to each other and away from the display surface are called the front direction D Z .

[0057] Figure 2 A is a plan view showing a part of the display region RE1 in an enlarged manner. A plurality of sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are two-dimensionally arranged in the display region RE1 in a predetermined arrangement pattern. Figure 2 In A, an example of a predetermined configuration pattern being a stripe arrangement is shown. The predetermined configuration pattern is not limited to a stripe arrangement, and may also be a mosaic arrangement (see Figure 2 B), square arrangement (refer to Figure 3 A), triangular arrangement (refer to Figure 3 B) or other arrangements thereof. The pad portion 101a and a driver (not shown) for image display are provided in the peripheral region RE2. A flexible printed circuit board (Flexible Printed Circuit: FPC) not shown may also be connected to the pad portion 101a.

[0058] The sub-pixel 10R can emit red light (first light). The sub-pixel 10G can emit green light (second light). The sub-pixel 10B can emit blue light (third light). Figure 2 A. Figure 2 B. Figure 3 A and Figure 3 In B, the sections marked with symbols “R”, “G”, and “B” represent the sub-pixel 10R, the sub-pixel 10G, and the sub-pixel 10B, respectively.

[0059] In the following description, when not particularly distinguished, the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are collectively referred to as sub-pixels 10. One pixel (one pixel) 10Px is composed of, for example, a plurality of adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B or a plurality of adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10G, 10B, and 10B.

[0060] The shape of the sub-pixel 10 is not particularly limited. For example, a rectangular shape or a hexagonal shape when viewed from above may be cited, but it is not limited to these shapes. In this specification, a rectangular shape also includes a square shape. Figure 2 A. Figure 2 B and Figure 3 In A of FIG. 1 , an example is shown in which the sub-pixel 10 has a quadrangular shape when viewed from above. Figure 3 In B, an example is shown in which the sub-pixel 10 has a hexagonal shape when viewed from above. The upper limit of the size of the sub-pixel 10 is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less, and further preferably 5 μm or less, 4 μm or less, or 3.5 μm or less. The lower limit of the size of the sub-pixel 10 is, for example, 1 μm or more.

[0061] The display device 101 is an example of a light-emitting device. The display device 101 may also be a top-emitting OLED display device. The display device 101 may also be a microdisplay. The display device 101 may also be provided in a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, an electronic view finder (EVF), or a small projector.

[0062] Figure 4 It is along Figure 2 The display device 101 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of A. The display device 101 includes a drive substrate 11, a plurality of light emitting elements (first light emitting elements) 12R, a plurality of light emitting elements (second light emitting elements) 12G, a plurality of light emitting elements (third light emitting elements) 12B, a protective layer 13, an optical adjustment layer 14, a plurality of metamaterials 15R, a plurality of metamaterials 15G, a plurality of metamaterials 15B, a low refractive index layer 16, and a cover layer 17. In addition, the low refractive index layer 16 and the cover layer 17 may be provided as required, or may not be provided.

[0063] In this specification, of the two surfaces of each layer constituting the display device 101, the surface that becomes the top side (display surface side) of the display device 101 is sometimes referred to as the first surface, and the surface that becomes the bottom side (opposite side of the display surface) of the display device 101 is sometimes referred to as the second surface. In this specification, a top view means viewing from the front direction D perpendicular to the first surface.Z Observe an object from above.

[0064] In the following description, when they are collectively referred to without particular distinction, the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B may be referred to as light emitting elements 12. Similarly, when they are collectively referred to without particular distinction, the metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B may be referred to as metamaterials 15.

[0065] (Drive Substrate 11)

[0066] The drive substrate 11 is a so-called backplane, and drives the plurality of light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. The drive substrate 11 includes, for example, a substrate and an insulating layer in this order.

[0067] A plurality of driving circuits and a plurality of wirings (not shown) may also be provided on the first surface of the substrate. The substrate may be composed of a semiconductor that is easy to form a transistor, or may be composed of a glass or resin with low permeability to water and oxygen. Specifically, the substrate may be a semiconductor substrate, a glass substrate or a resin substrate. Semiconductor substrates include, for example, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon. Glass substrates include, for example, high strain point glass, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, forsterite, lead glass or quartz glass. Resin substrates include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl phenol, polyether sulfone, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc.

[0068] The insulating layer may also be provided on the first surface of the substrate to cover the plurality of drive circuits and wirings, etc., so as to flatten the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The insulating layer may also insulate the plurality of drive circuits and wirings provided on the first surface of the substrate from the plurality of light emitting elements 12.

[0069] The insulating layer may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate thereof. The organic insulating layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and novolac resins. The inorganic insulating layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) etc.

[0070] (Light emitting elements 12R, 12G, 12B)

[0071] The color of light emitted by the light emitting element 12R, the color of light emitted by the light emitting element 12G, and the color of light emitted by the light emitting element 12B are different. The light emitting element 12R can emit red light based on the control of the driving circuit, etc. The light emitting element 12G can emit green light based on the control of the driving circuit, etc. The light emitting element 12B can emit blue light based on the control of the driving circuit, etc. The light emitting element 12 is an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) element.

[0072] The light-emitting element 12R is included in the sub-pixel 10R. The light-emitting element 12G is included in the sub-pixel 10G. The light-emitting element 12B is included in the sub-pixel 10B. The sub-pixel 10R is an example of a light-emitting region corresponding to the light-emitting element 12R. The sub-pixel 10G is an example of a light-emitting region corresponding to the light-emitting element 12G. The sub-pixel 10B is an example of a light-emitting region corresponding to the light-emitting element 12B.

[0073] The plurality of light emitting elements 12 are two-dimensionally arranged in a predetermined arrangement pattern on the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The predetermined arrangement pattern is the same as that described as the predetermined arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10.

[0074] The light emitting element 12R includes a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122R, and a second electrode 123 in this order on the first surface of the driving substrate 11. The light emitting element 12G includes a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122G, and a second electrode 123 in this order on the first surface of the driving substrate 11. The light emitting element 12B includes a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122B, and a second electrode 123 in this order on the first surface of the driving substrate 11.

[0075] (OLED layers 122R, 122G, 122B)

[0076] OLED layer 122R can emit red light. OLED layer 122G can emit green light. OLED layer 122B can emit blue light.

[0077] The OLED layers 122R, 122G, and 122B are respectively arranged between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123. The OLED layer 122R includes an organic light-emitting layer capable of emitting red light (hereinafter referred to as the "red organic light-emitting layer"). The OLED layer 122R includes an organic light-emitting layer capable of emitting green light (hereinafter referred to as the "green organic light-emitting layer"). The OLED layer 122B includes an organic light-emitting layer capable of emitting blue light (hereinafter referred to as the "blue organic light-emitting layer"). In the following description, when collectively referred to without special distinction, the OLED layers 122R, 112G, and 122B are sometimes referred to as the OLED layer 122. In addition, when collectively referred to without special distinction, the red organic light-emitting layer, the green organic light-emitting layer, and the blue organic light-emitting layer are sometimes referred to as the organic light-emitting layer.

[0078] The OLED layers 122R, 122G, and 112B may also be composed of a stack including an organic light-emitting layer. In this case, a portion of the layers in the stack (e.g., an electron injection layer) may also be an inorganic layer. The OLED layer 122R, for example, includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a red organic light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer in sequence from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123. The OLED layer 122G, for example, includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a green organic light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer in sequence from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123. The OLED layer 122G, for example, includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a blue organic light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer in sequence from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123.

[0079] The red organic light emitting layer can emit red light by recombination of holes injected from the first electrode 121 and electrons injected from the second electrode 123. The green organic light emitting layer can emit green light by the same phenomenon as the red organic light emitting layer. The blue organic light emitting layer can emit blue light by the same phenomenon as the red organic light emitting layer.

[0080] The hole injection layer can improve the hole injection efficiency to the organic light-emitting layer of each color and suppress leakage. The hole transport layer can improve the hole transport efficiency to the organic light-emitting layer of each color. The electron injection layer can improve the electron injection efficiency to the organic light-emitting layer of each color. The electron transport layer can improve the electron transport efficiency to the organic light-emitting layer.

[0081] (First Electrode 121)

[0082] The first electrode 121 is provided on the second surface side of the OLED layer 122. The first electrode 121 is provided individually in the plurality of light emitting elements 12 in the display region RE1. That is, the first electrode 121 is disconnected between the light emitting elements 12 adjacent in the in-plane direction in the display region RE1. The first electrode 121 is an anode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, holes are injected from the first electrode 121 into the OLED layer 122.

[0083] The first electrode 121 may be composed of a metal layer or a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. When the first electrode 121 is composed of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer, the transparent conductive oxide layer is preferably provided on the OLED layer 122 side from the viewpoint of making the OLED layer 122 adjacent to a layer having a higher work function.

[0084] The metal layer also has a function as a reflective layer that reflects light emitted by the OLED layer 122. The metal layer includes, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of chromium (Cr), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), tungsten (W) and silver (Ag). The metal layer may also include the above-mentioned at least one metal element as a constituent element of an alloy. As a specific example of the alloy, an aluminum alloy or a silver alloy can be cited. As a specific example of the aluminum alloy, for example, AlNd or AlCu can be cited.

[0085] The base layer (not shown) may also be disposed adjacent to the second surface of the metal layer. When the metal layer is formed, the base layer is used to improve the crystal orientation of the metal layer. The base layer includes, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta). The base layer may also include the above-mentioned at least one metal element as a constituent element of the alloy.

[0086] The transparent conductive oxide layer includes a transparent conductive oxide. The transparent conductive oxide includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a transparent conductive oxide including indium (hereinafter referred to as "indium-based transparent conductive oxide"), a transparent conductive oxide including tin (hereinafter referred to as "tin-based transparent conductive oxide"), and a transparent conductive oxide including zinc (hereinafter referred to as "zinc-based transparent conductive oxide").

[0087] Indium-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium oxide (IGO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), or fluorine-doped indium oxide (IFO). Among these transparent conductive oxides, indium tin oxide (ITO) is also particularly preferred. This is because, since indium tin oxide (ITO) has a particularly low hole injection barrier to the OLED layers 122R, 122G, and 122B in terms of work function, it is possible to particularly reduce the driving voltage of the display device 101. Tin-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Zinc-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide, or gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).

[0088] (Second Electrode 123)

[0089] The second electrode 123 is provided on the first surface side of the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is a cathode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, electrons are injected from the second electrode 123 into the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is light-transmissive to each light emitted from the OLED layers 122R, 122G, and 122B. The second electrode 123 is preferably a transparent electrode that is transparent to visible light. In this specification, visible light refers to light in a wavelength region of 360 nm or more and 830 nm.

[0090] In order to improve the luminous efficiency, the second electrode 123 is preferably composed of a material with high light transmittance and low work function. The second electrode 123 is composed of, for example, at least one of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. More specifically, the second electrode 123 is composed of a single layer film of a metal layer or a transparent conductive oxide layer, or a laminated film of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. In the case where the second electrode 123 is composed of a laminated film, the metal layer can be disposed on the OLED layer 122 side, or the transparent conductive oxide layer can be disposed on the OLED layer 122 side. However, from the viewpoint of making the OLED layer 122 adjacent to a layer having a lower work function, it is preferred to dispose the metal layer on the OLED layer 122 side.

[0091] The metal layer includes, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na). The metal layer may also include the at least one metal element as a constituent element of an alloy. Specific examples of the alloy include MgAg alloy, MgAl alloy, AlLi alloy, and the like. The transparent conductive oxide layer includes a transparent conductive oxide. As the transparent conductive oxide, the same material as the transparent conductive oxide of the first electrode 121 can be exemplified.

[0092] (Protective layer 13)

[0093] The protective layer 13 is translucent to each light emitted from the light-emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. The second electrode 123 is preferably transparent to visible light. The protective layer 13 can protect a plurality of light-emitting elements 12, etc. The protective layer 13 is provided on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 in a manner covering the plurality of light-emitting elements 12. The protective layer 13 can shield the light-emitting elements 12 from the external air and inhibit moisture from penetrating from the external environment into the light-emitting elements 12. In addition, when the second electrode 123 is composed of a metal layer, the protective layer 13 can also have a function of inhibiting oxidation of the metal layer.

[0094] The protective layer 13 includes, for example, an inorganic material or a polymer resin with low hygroscopicity. The protective layer 13 may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. When the thickness of the protective layer 13 is relatively thick, a multi-layer structure is preferred. This is to reduce the internal stress in the protective layer 13. The inorganic material includes, for example, a material selected from silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ), titanium oxide (TiO x ) and aluminum oxide (AlO x ) and the like. The polymer resin includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a thermosetting resin and an ultraviolet curing resin. Specifically, the polymer resin includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, a novolac resin, an epoxy resin, a norbornene resin, and a polyparaxylene resin.

[0095] (Optical adjustment layer 14)

[0096] The optical adjustment layer 14 is translucent to each light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. Preferably, the optical adjustment layer 14 is transparent to visible light. The optical adjustment layer 14 is disposed between the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the plurality of metamaterials 15. More specifically, the optical adjustment layer 14 is disposed between the protective layer 13 and the plurality of metamaterials 15. The optical adjustment layer 14 can adjust the distance (optical path length) between the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the plurality of metamaterials 15. Preferably, the surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 is substantially flat with the concavities and convexities suppressed.

[0097] The optical adjustment layer 14 includes, for example, an inorganic material or a polymer resin. The optical adjustment layer 14 may be an organic layer, an inorganic layer, or a laminate thereof. The organic layer includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resins, acrylic resins, novolac resins, and polyparaxylene resins. The inorganic layer includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides and metal nitrides. The metal oxide includes, for example, silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ), titanium oxide (TiO x ), tantalum oxide (TaO x ) and zinc oxide (ZnO x ) and the like. The metal nitride includes, for example, a metal selected from silicon nitride (SiN x ) and gallium nitride (GaN x ) etc.

[0098] (Metamaterials 15R, 15G, 15B)

[0099] The metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B respectively constitute a superlens. The plurality of metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 in a predetermined arrangement pattern. The predetermined arrangement pattern is the same as that described as the predetermined arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10.

[0100] The plurality of metamaterials 15 are provided corresponding to the light emitting elements 12. More specifically, the metamaterial 15R is provided above the light emitting element 12R. The metamaterial 15G is provided above the light emitting element 12G. The metamaterial 15B is provided above the light emitting element 12B.

[0101] The metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B have the following two functions: a function equivalent to a lens having a geometric convex surface (a function of focusing light emitted from the light-emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B), and a function of suppressing light from passing through adjacent sub-pixels 10 (i.e., a function of suppressing color mixing between adjacent sub-pixels 10).

[0102] The metamaterial 15R has the following functions: the function of focusing the red light emitted obliquely from the light-emitting element 12R arranged below the metamaterial 15R, and the function of suppressing the red light from passing through adjacent sub-pixels 10G, 10B, etc. (that is, the function of suppressing color mixing between adjacent sub-pixels 10).

[0103] The metamaterial 15G has the following functions: focusing the green light emitted obliquely from the light-emitting element 12G arranged below the metamaterial 15G, and suppressing the green light from passing through adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10B, etc. (i.e., suppressing color mixing between adjacent sub-pixels 10).

[0104] The metamaterial 15B has the following functions: focusing blue light emitted obliquely from the light-emitting element 12B disposed below the metamaterial 15B, and suppressing the blue light from passing through adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10G, etc. (i.e., suppressing color mixing between adjacent sub-pixels 10).

[0105] The metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B include a plurality of nanostructures (unit cells) 151 and 152 having a size that is less than the wavelength of light. More specifically, the metamaterial 15R may also include a plurality of nanostructures 151 and 152 having a size that is less than the peak wavelength of red light emitted from the light emitting element 12R. The metamaterial 15G may also include a plurality of nanostructures 151 and 152 having a size that is less than the peak wavelength of green light emitted from the light emitting element 12G. The metamaterial 15B may also include a plurality of nanostructures 151 and 152 having a size that is less than the peak wavelength of blue light emitted from the light emitting element 12B.

[0106] When the light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B has a plurality of peaks, the peak wavelength indicates the peak wavelength of the largest peak among the plurality of peaks. Z The size of the bottom surface of the nanostructure 151 in the vertical direction (the in-plane direction of the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14). In the case where the size of the nanostructures 151 and 152 is different depending on the direction, the size of the nanostructures 151 and 152 means the size of the nanostructures 151 and 152 in the direction where the size of the nanostructures 151 and 152 is the largest. For example, in the case where the nanostructures 151 and 152 are elliptical columns, the size of the nanostructures 151 and 152 means the major diameter of the bottom surface of the nanostructures 151 and 152. For example, in the case where the nanostructures 151 and 152 are rectangular columns, the size of the nanostructures 151 and 152 means the length of the diagonal of the rectangle of the bottom surface of the nanostructures 151 and 152.

[0107] Figure 5 It is along Figure 4A cross-sectional view of the VV line. A plurality of nanostructures 151, 152 are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14. In order to obtain a focusing effect by controlling the phase of light, the sizes of the plurality of nanostructures 151, 152 may also decrease from the center of the sub-pixel 10 toward the periphery. The plurality of nanostructures 151, 152 may be uniformly arranged at equal intervals or unevenly arranged at different intervals. The central axis of the nanostructures 151, 152 may be perpendicular to the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 (i.e., parallel to the central axis of the light-emitting element 12) or inclined relative to the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14.

[0108] The nanostructures 151 and 152 are, for example, nanocolumns. The shape of the nanocolumns may be, for example, a cylindrical, elliptical, or quadrangular column shape, or a shape other than these. The quadrangular column shape may be, for example, a rectangular column shape, or a shape other than these. The plurality of nanostructures 151 and 152 may also include nanocolumns of two or more shapes.

[0109] The structures of the metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B may be different from each other or the same, but preferably the structures are different according to the light incident from the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. For example, at least one of the configuration, height, and shape of the nanostructure 151 constituting the metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B may be different in the metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B.

[0110] The nanostructure 151 is an example of a non-separated structure nanostructure, and has a non-separated structure that is not separated in the height direction of the nanostructure 151. The nanostructure 152 is an example of a separated structure nanostructure, and has a separated structure that is separated in the height direction of the nanostructure 152. Figure 4 In the example, the number of separations of the nanostructure 152 is 2, but the number of separations of the nanostructure 152 is not limited thereto, and may be 3 or more. The heights of the separated structures may be the same or different.

[0111] The filling rate of the non-separated nanostructure 151 is higher than that of the separated nanostructure 151, and the transmittance of the non-separated nanostructure 151 is higher than that of the separated nanostructure 151. Here, the separated nanostructure 151 represents a nanostructure assuming that the non-separated nanostructure 151 is a separated nanostructure.

[0112] The filling rate of the nanostructure 152 of the separation structure is lower than that of the nanostructure 152 of the non-separation structure, and the transmittance of the nanostructure 152 of the separation structure is lower than that of the nanostructure 152 of the non-separation structure. Here, the nanostructure 152 of the non-separation structure represents a nanostructure when the nanostructure 152 of the separation structure is assumed to be a non-separation structure.

[0113] The plurality of nanostructures 152 are disposed at the periphery of the sub-pixel 10. The plurality of nanostructures 151 are disposed in the region inside the periphery of the sub-pixel 10. Here, the periphery of the sub-pixel 10 refers to a region having a predetermined width from the periphery of the sub-pixel 10 toward the inside in a plan view.

[0114] The nanostructure 151 includes, for example, an inorganic material or a polymer resin. Preferably, the inorganic material and the polymer resin include a high dielectric material. The inorganic material includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides and metal nitrides. The metal oxide includes, for example, titanium oxide (TiO x ), tantalum oxide (TaO x ) and zinc oxide (ZnO x ) and the like. Metal nitrides include, for example, gallium nitride (GaN x ).

[0115] (Low refractive index layer 16)

[0116] The refractive index of the low refractive index layer 16 is lower than the refractive index of the nanostructure 151. From the viewpoint of preventing the aspect ratio of the nanostructure 151 from becoming too large, the refractive index difference Δn (= n1-n2) between the refractive index n1 of the nanostructure 151 and the refractive index n2 of the low refractive index layer 16 is preferably greater than 0.2, more preferably greater than 0.5, further more preferably greater than 0.8, and particularly preferably greater than 1.0. By preventing the aspect ratio of the nanostructure 151 from becoming too large, the nanostructure 151 is easily formed. In this specification, the refractive index n1 of the nanostructure 151 and the refractive index n2 of the low refractive index layer 16 represent the refractive index relative to the light (D line of sodium) with a wavelength of 589.3nm.

[0117] The low refractive index layer 16 is provided in a manner of at least filling the space between the plurality of nanostructures 151. The low refractive index layer 16 may also cover the plurality of nanostructures 151 to protect the plurality of nanostructures 151. The low refractive index layer 16 may also function as an adhesive layer for bonding the driving substrate 11 having the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the like on the first surface to the cover layer 17.

[0118] The low refractive index layer 16 is light-transmissive to the light emitted from the light-emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. The low refractive index layer 16 is preferably transparent to visible light. The low refractive index layer 16 includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a thermosetting resin and an ultraviolet curing resin.

[0119] The low refractive index layer 16 includes, for example, a polymer resin or an inorganic material. The polymer resin includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a thermosetting resin and an ultraviolet curing resin. The inorganic material includes, for example, silicon oxide (SiO x ).

[0120] (cover layer 17)

[0121] The cover layer 17 seals the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the plurality of metamaterials 15 disposed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The cover layer 17 is light-transmissive to the light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. The cover layer 17 is preferably transparent to visible light. The cover layer 17 is disposed on the first surface of the low refractive index layer 16. The cover layer 17 is, for example, a glass substrate.

[0122] [Method of Manufacturing Display Device 101]

[0123] Below, refer to Figure 6 A~ Figure 6 D. Figure 7 A~ Figure 7 C and Figure 8 A~ Figure 8 C. An example of a method for manufacturing the display device 101 according to the first embodiment is described.

[0124] First, for example, a metal layer and a metal oxide layer are sequentially formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 by sputtering, and then the metal layer and the metal oxide layer are patterned by photolithography, so that a plurality of first electrodes 121 are formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 .

[0125] Next, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a red organic light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are stacked in this order on the first surfaces of the plurality of first electrodes 121 and the first surface of the drive substrate 11 by evaporation, thereby forming an OLED layer 122R. Next, for example, a second electrode 123 is formed on the first surface of the OLED layer 122R by evaporation or sputtering.

[0126] Next, for example, a first protective layer is formed on the first surface of the second electrode 123 by a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method. Next, for example, the OLED layer 122R, the second electrode 123, and the first protective layer are processed by a photolithography technique. Thus, a plurality of light-emitting elements 12R are formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11.

[0127] Next, in the same steps as the formation process of the light-emitting element 12R, a plurality of light-emitting elements 12G and a plurality of light-emitting elements 12B are formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11. Next, for example, a second protective layer is formed by a CVD method so as to cover the plurality of light-emitting elements 12. Thus, a protective layer 13 composed of a first protective layer and a second protective layer is formed. Next, for example, an optical adjustment layer 14 is formed on the first surface of the protective layer 13 by a CVD method or an evaporation method.

[0128] Next, if Figure 6 As shown in A, for example, a titanium oxide (TiO x ) etc. Then, a resist is applied to the first surface of the first high dielectric material layer 153 and after the resist layer is formed, the resist layer is exposed and developed. Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1B , a resist pattern 31 is formed on the first surface of the first high dielectric material layer 153 .

[0129] Next, after etching the first high dielectric material layer 153 through the resist pattern 31, the resist pattern 31 is removed. Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 3C , a plurality of nanostructures 151 a and a plurality of nanostructures 152 a are formed on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 . The nanostructure 151 a corresponds to a portion of the nanostructure 151 . The nanostructure 152 a corresponds to a portion of the nanostructure 152 .

[0130] Next, for example, a first low refractive index layer 161 is formed on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 by a CVD method so as to cover the plurality of nanostructures 151a. Next, for example, the surface of the first low refractive index layer 161 is polished and flattened by CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) or the like. Next, a resist is applied to the first surface of the first low refractive index layer 161, and after the resist layer is formed, the resist layer is exposed and developed. Thus, as shown in FIG. Figure 7As shown in FIG. 1A , a resist pattern 32 is formed on the first surface of the first low refractive index layer 161 . The resist pattern 32 covers the nanostructure 152 a located at the peripheral portion of the sub-pixel 10 .

[0131] Next, after etching the first low refractive index layer 161 via the resist pattern 32, the resist pattern 32 is removed. Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1B, a plurality of separation portions 163 are formed on the nanostructure 152a located at the periphery of the sub-pixel 10, and the upper surface of the nanostructure 151a located inside the periphery of the sub-pixel 10 is exposed. Next, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , for example, a titanium oxide (TiO 2) is formed on the first surface of the first low refractive index layer 161 and the upper surface of the plurality of nanostructures 151a by a CVD method or an evaporation method to cover the plurality of separation portions 163. x ) and the like.

[0132] Next, if Figure 8 As shown in A, a resist pattern 33 is formed on the first surface of the second high dielectric material layer 154 in the same manner as the formation process of the resist pattern 31. Next, the second high dielectric material layer 154 is etched through the resist pattern 33 in the same manner as the etching process of the first high dielectric material layer 153. Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 1B , a plurality of nanostructures 151 and a plurality of nanostructures 152 are formed on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 . That is, a plurality of metamaterials 15R, a plurality of metamaterials 15G, and a plurality of metamaterials 15B are formed on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 .

[0133] Next, for example, the second low refractive index layer 162 is formed on the first surface of the first low refractive index layer 161 by a CVD method so as to cover the plurality of nanostructures 151 and the plurality of nanostructures 152. Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 1C, a low refractive index layer 16 composed of a first low refractive index layer 161, a second low refractive index layer 162, and a plurality of separation portions 163 is formed. Next, a cover layer 17 may be formed on the low refractive index layer 16 as required. Thus, the display device 101 is obtained.

[0134] [Effects]

[0135] In the display device 101 according to the first embodiment, the metamaterial 15 is provided above the light emitting element 12. Thus, the light emitted obliquely from the light emitting element 12 is bent and focused in the front direction by the metamaterial 15. Therefore, the front brightness of the display device 101 can be improved.

[0136] The metamaterial 15 includes a plurality of nanostructures 152, which have a separation structure separated in the height direction and are arranged at the periphery of the sub-pixel 10 (the light-emitting region corresponding to the light-emitting element 12). As a result, the transmittance of the nanostructures 152 located at the periphery of the sub-pixel 10 can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the light emitted obliquely from the light-emitting element 12 from leaking to the adjacent sub-pixel 10. Therefore, the metamaterial 15 can be given a color mixing suppression function as a function other than the focusing effect (i.e., a function other than the lens).

[0137] The nanostructure 152 has a separated structure, so that the interface between the nanostructure 152 and the low refractive index layer 16 increases. As a result, the nanostructure 152 with a separated structure becomes easy to reflect incident light. Therefore, the nanostructure 152 with a separated structure is advantageous in terms of suppressing color mixing.

[0138] <2 Second Embodiment>

[0139] [Structure of Display Device 102]

[0140] Fig. 9 1 is a cross-sectional view of a display device 102 according to the second embodiment. The display device 102 is different from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 1 ) in that a plurality of nanostructures 155 are provided instead of the plurality of nanostructures 152. Figure 4 The nanostructure 151 is an example of a first nanostructure, and the nanostructure 155 is an example of a second nanostructure.

[0141] The height of the nanostructure 155 is lower than that of the nanostructure 151. With respect to the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14, the bottom of the nanostructure 155 is located higher than the bottom of the nanostructure 151. The top of the nanostructure 155 may be set at substantially the same height as the top of the nanostructure 151.

[0142] [Effects]

[0143] In the display device 102 involved in the second embodiment, the bottom of the nanostructure 155 is set at a position higher than the bottom of the nanostructure 151. As a result, the transmittance of the nanostructure 155 located at the periphery of the sub-pixel 10 can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the light emitted obliquely from the light emitting element 12 from leaking to the adjacent sub-pixel 10. Therefore, the color mixing suppression function can be given to the metamaterial 15 as a function other than the focusing effect (that is, a function other than the lens).

[0144] <3 Third Embodiment>

[0145] [Structure of Display Device 103]

[0146] Fig.10 1 is a cross-sectional view of a display device 103 according to the third embodiment. The display device 103 is different from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 1 ) in that the optical adjustment layer 14 includes a portion of each metamaterial 15. Figure 4 )different.

[0147] The nanostructure 152 having a separation structure includes a first separation structure 152M and a second separation structure 152N. Fig.10 , an example in which the number of separations of the nanostructure 152 is 2 is shown, but the number of separations of the nanostructure 152 is not limited thereto, and may be 3 or more.

[0148] The first separation structure 152M and the second separation structure 152N are separated. When viewed from the light emitting element 12, the first separation structure 152M is arranged closer to the front side than the second separation structure 152N. The plurality of nanostructures 151 and the plurality of second separation structures 152N may also have substantially the same height. The plurality of nanostructures 151 and the plurality of second separation structures 152N are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14.

[0149] The optical adjustment layer 14 is provided between the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the plurality of second separation structures 151N, more specifically, between the protective layer 13 and the plurality of second separation structures 151N. The optical adjustment layer 14 includes a plurality of first separation structures 151M.

[0150] [Effects]

[0151] In the display device 103 according to the third embodiment, the same operational effects as those of the display device 101 according to the first embodiment can be obtained.

[0152] <4 Fourth Embodiment>

[0153] [Structure of Display Device 104]

[0154] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional view of a display device 104 according to the fourth embodiment. Fig.12 It is along Fig.11 The display device 104 is different from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 1 ) in that the display device 104 includes a plurality of metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B instead of the plurality of metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 115B. Figure 4 )different.

[0155] (Metamaterials 21R, 21G, 21B)

[0156] The plurality of metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B include a plurality of nanostructures (unit cells) 211. The plurality of nanostructures 211 are three-dimensionally arranged. More specifically, the plurality of nanostructures 211 are arranged in the horizontal direction D X , vertical direction D Y , front direction D Z (in the direction of the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12).

[0157] Horizontal direction D X , vertical direction D Y , front direction D Z The first direction and the second direction are directions perpendicular to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12, and the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be 90° or may not be 90°. The third direction is a direction parallel to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12. In this specification, the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12 refers to an axis passing through the geometric center of the OLED layer 122 and perpendicular to the display surface of the display device 101. The horizontal direction D X , vertical direction D Y , front direction D Z The arrangement pitch of the nanostructures 211 may be constant or variable.

[0158] The plurality of nanostructures 211 may constitute a plurality of nanostructure layers 21L. The nanostructure layers 21L may be spaced apart by a predetermined interval. Fig.11 , an example is shown in which a plurality of nanostructures 211 constitute a three-layer nanostructure layer 21L. Z The number of the nanostructures 211 decreases from the center of the subpixel 10 toward the periphery of the subpixel 10 . That is, the plurality of nanostructures 211 are three-dimensionally arranged in a step-like shape descending from the center of the subpixel 10 toward the periphery of the subpixel 10 .

[0159] like Fig.12 As shown, it is preferred that the plurality of nanostructures 211 included in each nanostructure layer 21L have the same shape and the same size. Here, the size of the nanostructure 211 represents the size of the cross section obtained by cutting in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the nanostructure 211. For example, when the nanostructure 211 has a cylindrical shape, the size of the nanostructure 211 represents the diameter of the nanostructure 211.

[0160] [Effects]

[0161] Fig.132 is a cross-sectional view of a display device 201 according to a comparative example. The display device 201 includes a plurality of metamaterials 22R, 22G, and 22B, each of which includes a plurality of nanostructures 151. In order to allow the metamaterials 22R, 22G, and 22B to function as a focusing lens, the size of the plurality of nanostructures 151 decreases from the center toward the periphery of the sub-pixel 10. Therefore, in the display device 201 according to the comparative example, it is possible that the difficulty of forming the metamaterials 22R, 22G, and 22B by photolithography technology becomes higher.

[0162] On the other hand, the display device 104 according to the fourth embodiment includes a plurality of metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B, each of which includes a plurality of nanostructures 211. In order to make the metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B function as the same condenser lens as the metamaterials 22R, 22G, and 22B, a plurality of nanostructures 211 having the same size are three-dimensionally arranged. Since the plurality of nanostructures 211 have the same size, it is easy to form 21R, 21G, and 21B by photolithography technology in the display device 104 according to the fourth embodiment.

[0163] Since it is configured in the front direction D Z Since the nanostructures 211 on the surface are separated from each other, the color mixing suppression function can be imparted to the metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B as a function other than the light focusing effect (ie, a function other than a lens).

[0164] <5 Fifth Embodiment>

[0165] [Structure of Display Device 105]

[0166] Fig.14 It is a cross-sectional view of a display device 105 according to the fifth embodiment. Fig.15 Yes Fig.14 The display device 105 is different from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 1 ) in that the display device 105 includes a plurality of metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B instead of the plurality of metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 115B. Figure 4 )different.

[0167] (Metamaterials 23R, 23G, 23B)

[0168] The metamaterial 23R, 23G, 23B includes a plurality of nanostructures 231. The metamaterial 23R, 23G, 23B may further include one or more nanostructures 232.

[0169] (Nanostructure 231)

[0170] Under cross-sectional observation, a plurality of nanostructures 231 are configured to form a plurality of oblique columns 231a. Here, cross-sectional observation refers to cross-sectional observation in a cross-sectional plane obtained by cutting the display device 105 in a plane including the central axis 12a of the light-emitting element 12. Under cross-sectional observation, the oblique columns 231a are separated from the central axis 12a of the light-emitting element 12 as they move away from the light-emitting element 12 located below the oblique columns 231a. That is, under cross-sectional observation, the first end of the light-emitting element 12 side of the oblique columns 231a is closer to the central axis 12a of the light-emitting element 12 than the second end of the display surface side of the oblique columns 231a. Under cross-sectional observation, the oblique columns 231a form an angle θ with respect to the central axis 12a of the light-emitting element 12. Under cross-sectional observation, the plurality of nanostructures 231 constituting the oblique columns 231a are configured in an oblique direction at an angle θ with respect to the central axis 12a of the light-emitting element 12. In cross-sectional view, the plurality of nanostructures 231 constituting the oblique row 231 a are spaced apart from the central axis 12 a of the light emitting element 12 as they are away from the light emitting element 12 located below the plurality of nanostructures 231 .

[0171] The central axis of the nanostructure 231 may be parallel to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12, or may be at an angle θ to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12. a The central axis of the nanostructure 231 forms an angle θ with respect to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12. a In the case of , the central axis of the nanostructure 231 may also be separated from the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12 as it moves away from the light emitting element 12. The angle θ of the central axis of the nanostructure 231 is a The angle θ may be substantially the same as the angle θ of the arrangement of the oblique rows 231 a .

[0172] When the light emission from the central portion of the light emitting element 12 is dominant relative to the total light emission from the light emitting element 12 and the light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting element 12 spreads radially, the light incident on the outer periphery of the metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B includes a large amount of light emitted obliquely from the light emitting element 12 relative to the central axis 12a. Therefore, as described above, it is effective that the plurality of nanostructures 231 are arranged to form a plurality of oblique rows in cross-sectional view.

[0173] Regardless of the distance of the oblique column 231a from the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12, the angle θ of the oblique column can also be constant. The nanostructures 231 adjacent in the oblique direction can be connected to each other or can be separated. The configuration spacing of the nanostructures 231 adjacent in the oblique direction can be constant or can be changed. Multiple nanostructures 231 can also constitute multiple nanostructure layers 23L. Adjacent nanostructure layers 23L can be connected to each other or can be separated by a specified interval.

[0174] In a top view, the plurality of nanostructures 231 included in the nanostructure layer 23L may also be arranged in a concentric shape such as a concentric circle shape relative to the central axis of the light emitting element 12. The arrangement spacing of the plurality of nanostructures 231 arranged on the same circumference may be constant or variable. The plurality of nanostructures 231 included in the nanostructure layer 23L may also be arranged in a radial direction in a row and in a radial shape.

[0175] (Nanostructure 232)

[0176] The nanostructure 232 may also have a height about three times that of the nanostructure 231. One or more nanostructures 232 are disposed in the central portion of the sub-pixel 10. The nanostructure 232 may also be located on the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12.

[0177] [Effects]

[0178] In the display device 105 according to the fifth embodiment, in a plan view, the plurality of nanostructures 231 are arranged in an oblique direction at an angle θ with respect to the central axis of the light emitting element 12. Thus, the function of the metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B as lenses for light emitted from the light emitting element 12 in an oblique direction with respect to the central axis 12a can be enhanced.

[0179] In a top view, the plurality of nanostructures 231 are arranged in an oblique direction at an angle θ relative to the central axis of the light emitting element 12, thereby increasing the interface between the nanostructure 231 and the low refractive index layer 16. Therefore, it becomes easy to reflect the light emitted in an oblique direction relative to the central axis 12a from the light emitting element 12. Therefore, the metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B can be given a color mixing suppression function as a function other than the focusing effect (i.e., a function other than the lens).

[0180] <6 Sixth Implementation Method>

[0181] [Structure of Display Device 106]

[0182] Fig.16 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 106 according to the sixth embodiment. The display device 106 is different from the display device 105 according to the fifth embodiment (see FIG. 1 ) in that the angle θ of the oblique row 231a is changed. Fig.14 as well as Fig.15 )different.

[0183] In cross-sectional observation, the angle θ of the oblique column 231a increases as the oblique column 231a moves away from the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12. In the case where the light radiated from the central portion of the light emitting element 12 spreads radially, there is a tendency that the incident angle of the incident light from the light emitting element 12 (the angle formed by the incident light and the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14) becomes larger as it moves away from the center of the metamaterial 23R, 23G, 23B. Therefore, as described above, it is effective that the angle θ of the oblique column 231a increases as the oblique column 231a moves away from the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12 in cross-sectional observation.

[0184] [Effects]

[0185] In the sixth embodiment, in cross-sectional view, the angle θ of the oblique column 231a increases as the oblique column 231a moves away from the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12. Thus, the function of the metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B as lenses for light emitted from the light emitting element 12 in an oblique direction relative to the central axis 12a can be further enhanced.

[0186] <7 Seventh Implementation Method>

[0187] [Structure of Display Device 107]

[0188] Fig.17 1 is a cross-sectional view of a display device 107 according to the seventh embodiment. The display device 107 is different from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment in that it includes a light emitting element 12W and a color filter 19 instead of the three color light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. The display device 107 may further include an insulating layer 18.

[0189] (Light emitting element 12W)

[0190] The light emitting element 12W can emit white light. The light emitting element 12W is a white OLED element and can emit white light based on control of a drive circuit, etc. The light emitting element 12W is the same as the light emitting element 12R except that the OLED layer 122W is provided instead of the OLED layer 122R.

[0191] The OLED layer 122W may be continuously provided over the plurality of light emitting elements 12W in the display region RE1 , and may be shared by the plurality of light emitting elements 12W in the display region RE1 .

[0192] The OLED layer 122W emits white light. The OLED layer 122W may be an OLED layer having a single-layer light-emitting unit, an OLED layer having two-layer light-emitting units (tandem structure), or an OLED layer having a structure other than these. The OLED layer having a single-layer light-emitting unit, for example, has a structure in which a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a red light-emitting layer, a light-emitting separation layer, a blue light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are stacked in this order from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123. The OLED layer having two-layer light-emitting units, for example, has a structure in which a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a blue light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, a charge generation layer, a hole transport layer, a yellow light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are stacked in this order from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123.

[0193] (Color filter 19)

[0194] The color filter 19 is provided above the plurality of light emitting elements 12W. More specifically, the color filter 19 is provided on the first surface of the protective layer 13. The color filter 19 includes, for example, a plurality of red filter sections 19FR, a plurality of green filter sections 19FG, and a plurality of blue filter sections 19FB. In addition, in the following description, when they are collectively referred to without particular distinction, the red filter section 19FR, the green filter section 19FG, and the blue filter section 19FB are sometimes referred to as the filter section 19F.

[0195] The plurality of filter sections 19F are arranged two-dimensionally in the in-plane direction. In this specification, the in-plane direction means the in-plane direction in the first surface of the drive substrate 11. Each filter section 19F is provided above the light emitting element 12W. The red filter section 19FR and the light emitting element 12W constitute the sub-pixel 10R, the green filter section 19FG and the light emitting element 12W constitute the sub-pixel 10G, and the blue filter section 19FB and the light emitting element 12W constitute the sub-pixel 10B.

[0196] The red filter 19FR transmits red light in the white light emitted from the light emitting element 12W, and absorbs light other than red light. The green filter 19FG transmits green light in the white light emitted from the light emitting element 12W, and absorbs light other than green light. The blue filter 19FB transmits blue light in the white light emitted from the light emitting element 12W, and absorbs light other than blue light.

[0197] The red filter portion 19FR includes, for example, a red color resist. The green filter portion 19FG includes, for example, a green color resist. The blue filter portion 19FB includes, for example, a blue color resist.

[0198] (Second Electrode 123)

[0199] The second electrode 123 may be continuously provided over the plurality of light emitting elements 12W in the display region RE1 similarly to the OLED layer 122W, and may be shared by the plurality of light emitting elements 12W in the display region RE1 .

[0200] (Metamaterials 15R, 15G, 15B)

[0201] The metamaterial 15R may also include a plurality of nanostructures 151 having a size that is less than the peak wavelength of the red light emitted from the red filter 19FR. The metamaterial 15G may also include a plurality of nanostructures 151 having a size that is less than the peak wavelength of the green light emitted from the green filter 19FG. The metamaterial 15B may also include a plurality of nanostructures 151 having a size that is less than the peak wavelength of the blue light emitted from the blue filter 19FB. In addition, in the case where the light emitted from the red filter 19FR, the green filter 19FG, and the blue filter 19FB has multiple peaks, the peak wavelength represents the peak wavelength of the largest peak among the multiple peaks.

[0202] (Insulation layer 18)

[0203] The insulating layer 18 is provided in the portion between the separated first electrodes 121 in the first surface of the driving substrate 11. The insulating layer 18 insulates the adjacent first electrodes 121. The insulating layer 18 has a plurality of openings. The plurality of openings are provided corresponding to the respective light emitting elements 12W. More specifically, the plurality of openings are provided on the first surface (the surface on the OLED layer 122 side) of each first electrode 121. The first electrode 121 is in contact with the OLED layer 122 via the openings.

[0204] The insulating layer 18 may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate thereof. The organic insulating layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resin, acrylic resin, and novolac resin. The inorganic insulating layer may include silicon oxide (SiO x ), Silicon Nitride (SiN x ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) etc.

[0205] [Effects]

[0206] In the display device 107 according to the seventh embodiment, the same operational effects as those of the display device 101 according to the first embodiment can be obtained.

[0207] <8 Modification>

[0208] As mentioned above, although the 1st - 7th embodiment of this disclosure was specifically described, this disclosure is not limited to the said 1st - 7th embodiment, Various deformation|transformation based on the technical idea of ​​this disclosure is possible.

[0209] For example, the structures, methods, processes, shapes, materials, and numerical values ​​listed in the first to seventh embodiments are merely examples, and different structures, methods, processes, shapes, materials, and numerical values ​​may be used as needed.

[0210] The structures, methods, steps, shapes, materials, numerical values, and the like of the first to seventh embodiments described above can be combined with each other without departing from the gist of the present disclosure.

[0211] Unless otherwise specified, the materials exemplified in the first to seventh embodiments may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0212] In the first to seventh embodiments, the light emitting element is described as an example of an OLED element, but the light emitting element is not limited to this example, and may be a self-luminous light emitting element such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), an inorganic electroluminescence (IEL) element, or a semiconductor laser element, etc. Two or more light emitting elements may be provided in the display device.

[0213] In the first to seventh embodiments described above, examples in which the light emitting device is a display device are described. However, the light emitting device is not limited to a display device, and may be a lighting device or the like.

[0214] In the seventh embodiment, an example is described in which the light emitting element 12W and the color filter 19 are provided instead of the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B of three colors in the display device 101 according to the first embodiment. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this example, and for example, the display devices 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106 according to the second to seventh embodiments may also include the light emitting element 12W and the color filter 19 instead of the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B of three colors.

[0215] In addition, the present disclosure can also adopt the following structures. (1)

[0217] A light emitting device, comprising:

[0218] a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and

[0219] A plurality of metamaterials are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements.

[0220] The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures arranged in two dimensions,

[0221] The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of separated structure nanostructures, and the plurality of separated structure nanostructures are separated in a height direction of the nanostructures.

[0222] A plurality of the separation-structure nanostructures are disposed at the periphery of a light-emitting region corresponding to the light-emitting element. (2)

[0224] A light emitting device according to (1), wherein:

[0225] The light emitting device further comprises an optical adjustment layer.

[0226] The separation structure nanostructure includes a first separation structure and a second separation structure, and the first separation structure is disposed closer to the front side than the second separation structure when viewed from the light emitting element.

[0227] The optical adjustment layer is provided between the light emitting element and the second separation structure.

[0228] The optical adjustment layer includes the first separation structure. (3)

[0230] A light emitting device according to (1), wherein:

[0231] The light emitting device further comprises an optical adjustment layer.

[0232] The optical adjustment layer is disposed between the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of metamaterials. (4)

[0234] The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein:

[0235] The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of non-separated structure nanostructures, wherein the plurality of non-separated structure nanostructures are not separated in the height direction of the nanostructures.

[0236] A plurality of the non-separated structure nanostructures are disposed inside the outer periphery of the light emitting region. (5)

[0238] The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein:

[0239] The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of nanopillars. (6)

[0241] The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein:

[0242] A plurality of the metamaterials constitute a plurality of superlenses. (7)

[0244] The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein:

[0245] The metamaterial has a function of focusing light emitted from the light emitting element and a function of suppressing the light from penetrating into the adjacent light emitting region. (8)

[0247] The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein:

[0248] The light emitting device further comprises a low refractive index layer, wherein the low refractive index layer fills the gaps between the plurality of nanostructures.

[0249] The low refractive index layer has a refractive index lower than that of the nanostructure. (9)

[0251] The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein:

[0252] The light emitting area is a sub-pixel. (10)

[0254] A light emitting device, comprising:

[0255] A plurality of light emitting elements arranged in two dimensions;

[0256] and a plurality of metamaterials, which are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements.

[0257] The metamaterial comprises a plurality of nanostructures.

[0258] The plurality of nanostructures are three-dimensionally arranged in a step-like shape descending from a center of a light-emitting region corresponding to the light-emitting element toward an outer periphery of the light-emitting region. (11)

[0260] A light emitting device according to (10), wherein:

[0261] The plurality of nanostructures constitute a plurality of layers. (12)

[0263] A light emitting device according to (11), wherein:

[0264] The nanostructures included in each of the layers have the same size. (13)

[0266] A light emitting device, comprising:

[0267] a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and

[0268] A plurality of metamaterials are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements.

[0269] The metamaterial comprises a plurality of nanostructures.

[0270] The plurality of nanostructures are arranged to form a plurality of oblique rows in cross-sectional view,

[0271] The oblique columns are spaced apart from the central axis of the light emitting element as they move away from the light emitting element in the cross-sectional view. (14)

[0273] A light emitting device according to (13), wherein:

[0274] As the oblique row is away from the central axis of the light emitting element, the angle θ of the oblique row relative to the central axis of the light emitting element becomes larger. (15)

[0276] A light emitting device according to (13) or (14), wherein:

[0277] The plurality of nanostructures constitute a plurality of layers. (16)

[0279] A light emitting device, comprising:

[0280] a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and

[0281] A plurality of metamaterials are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements.

[0282] The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures arranged in two dimensions,

[0283] The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of first nanostructures and a plurality of second nanostructures,

[0284] A plurality of the second nanostructures are arranged at the periphery of the light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element,

[0285] A plurality of the first nanostructures are arranged inside the outer peripheral portion,

[0286] The bottom of the second nanostructure is located at a higher position than the bottom of the first nanostructure. (17)

[0288] An electronic device comprising the light emitting device described in any one of (1) to (16).

[0289] <9 Analysis example by simulation>

[0290] [Analysis Example 1]

[0291] Through electromagnetic field simulation based on FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method, Figure 4 The optical properties of the metamaterial with the structure shown are analyzed.

[0292] [Analysis Example 2]

[0293] Through electromagnetic field simulation based on FDTD method, Fig.13 The optical properties of the metamaterial with the structure shown are analyzed.

[0294] From the above analysis results, it is understood that the transmittance is reduced by making the structure of the nanostructure into a separation structure.

[0295] <10 Examples of Resonator Structures Applicable to Each Embodiment>

[0296] The pixel used in the display device involved in the present disclosure can be configured to have a resonator structure that resonates the light generated by the light-emitting element. The resonator structure is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in the following description, the first surface of each layer is sometimes referred to as the upper surface.

[0297] (Resonator structure: first example)

[0298] Fig.18 A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a first example of a resonator structure. In the following description, the light emitting element 12 provided corresponding to each of the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B is sometimes referred to as the light emitting element 12. R , 12 G , 12 B In addition, the portions of the OLED layer 122 corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are sometimes referred to as the OLED layer 122. R , OLED layer 122 G , OLED layer 122 B .

[0299] In the first example, the first electrode 121 is formed with a common film thickness in each light-emitting element 12. The same is true for the second electrode 123.

[0300] The reflector 71 is disposed under the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with the optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween. A resonator structure for resonating the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. In the following description, the optical adjustment layer 72 provided corresponding to each of the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as the optical adjustment layer 72. R , 72 G , 72 B .

[0301] The reflector 71 is formed with a common film thickness in each light emitting element 12. The film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the pixel. R , 72 G , 72 B By having different film thicknesses, it is possible to set the optical distance at which resonance occurs that best matches the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0302] exist Fig.18 In the example shown in A, the light emitting element 12 is configured R , 12 G , 12 B As described above, since the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the pixel, the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 123 varies depending on the light emitting element 12. R , 12 G , 12 B There are differences depending on the type.

[0303] The reflection plate 71 can be formed using, for example, a metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu), or an alloy containing these metals as main components.

[0304] The optical adjustment layer 72 can be made of silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) or other inorganic insulating materials, acrylic resins, polyimide resins, or other organic resin materials. The optical adjustment layer 72 may be a single layer or a laminated film of these multiple materials. In addition, the number of laminated layers may also vary depending on the type of the light emitting element 12.

[0305] The first electrode 121 can be formed using a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0306] The second electrode 123 needs to function as a semi-transmissive reflective film and can be formed using magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), or a magnesium-silver alloy (MgAg) containing these as main components, or an alloy containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

[0307] (Resonator structure: second example)

[0308] Fig.18 B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a second example of the resonator structure.

[0309] In the second example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are also formed with the same film thickness in each light emitting element 12 .

[0310] Then, in the second example, the reflector 71 is also arranged under the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with the optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween. A resonator structure for resonating the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. As in the first example, the reflector 71 is formed with a common film thickness in each light emitting element 12, and the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 is different depending on the color to be displayed by the pixel.

[0311] exist Fig.18 In the first example shown in A, the light emitting element 12 is configured R , 12 G , 12 B The upper surface of the reflector 71 is aligned with the upper surface of the second electrode 123 according to the position of the upper surface of the light emitting element 12 R , 12 G , 12 B There are differences depending on the type.

[0312] In contrast, Fig.18 In the second example shown in FIG. 1B , the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is configured to be R , 12 G , 12 B In order to align the upper surface of the second electrode 123, the light emitting element 12 R , 12 G , 12 B In the embodiment, the upper surface of the reflective plate 71 is configured to R , 12 G , 12 B Therefore, the lower surface of the reflector 71 (in other words, the upper surface of the base layer (insulating layer) 73) has a stepped shape corresponding to the type of the light emitting element 12.

[0313] The materials and the like constituting the reflector 71 , the optical adjustment layer 72 , the first electrode 121 , and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, and thus description thereof is omitted.

[0314] (Resonator structure: third example)

[0315] Fig.19 A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a third example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the reflector 71 provided corresponding to each of the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B is sometimes referred to as the reflector 71. R , 71 G , 71 B .

[0316] In the third example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are also formed with the same film thickness in each light emitting element 12 .

[0317] Then, in the third example, the reflector 71 is also arranged under the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with the optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween. A resonator structure for resonating the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. As in the first and second examples, the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 is different depending on the color to be displayed by the pixel. Then, as in the second example, the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is arranged to be above the light emitting element 12. R , 12 G , 12 B Center alignment.

[0318] exist Fig.18 In the second example shown in FIG. 1B , in order to align the upper surfaces of the second electrodes 123 , the lower surface of the reflective plate 71 has a stepped shape corresponding to the type of the light emitting element 12 .

[0319] In contrast, Fig.19 In the third example shown in A, the film thickness of the reflector 17 is set according to the light emitting element 12. R , 12 G , 12 B More specifically, the reflector 71 R , 71 G , 71 B The film thickness is set by aligning the lower surface of the

[0320] The materials and the like constituting the reflector 71 , the optical adjustment layer 72 , the first electrode 121 , and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, and thus description thereof is omitted.

[0321] (Resonator structure: fourth example)

[0322] Fig.19 B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a fourth example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the first electrode 121 provided corresponding to each of the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B is sometimes referred to as the first electrode 121. R ,121 G ,121 B .

[0323] exist Fig.18 In the first example shown in FIG. 1A , the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 of each light emitting element 12 are formed with a common film thickness. Then, the reflector 71 is disposed under the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with the optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween.

[0324] In contrast, Fig.19 In the fourth example shown in FIG. 1B, the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and the film thickness of the first electrode 121 is set to be equal to the thickness of the light emitting element 12. R , 12 G , 12 B The types vary.

[0325] The reflector 71 is formed with a common film thickness in each light emitting element 12. The film thickness of the first electrode 121 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the pixel. R ,121 G ,121 B By having different film thicknesses, it is possible to set the optical distance at which resonance occurs that best matches the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0326] The materials and the like constituting the reflector 71 , the optical adjustment layer 72 , the first electrode 121 , and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, and thus description thereof is omitted.

[0327] (Resonator structure: fifth example)

[0328] Fig. 20 A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a fifth example of the resonator structure.

[0329] exist Fig.18 In the first example shown in FIG. 1A , the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are formed with a common film thickness in each light emitting element 12 . Then, the reflector 71 is disposed under the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with the optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween.

[0330] In contrast, Fig. 20In the fifth example shown in FIG. 1A , the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and instead, an oxide film 74 is formed on the surface of the reflector 71 . The film thickness of the oxide film 74 is set to be R , 12 G , 12 B In the following description, the oxide film 74 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B is sometimes referred to as the oxide film 74. R , 74 G , 74 B .

[0331] The thickness of the oxide film 74 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the pixel. R , 74 G , 74 B By having different film thicknesses, it is possible to set the optical distance at which resonance occurs that best matches the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0332] The oxide film 74 is a film obtained by oxidizing the surface of the reflector 71 and is made of, for example, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc. The oxide film 74 functions as an insulating film for adjusting the optical path length (optical distance) between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123 .

[0333] According to the light emitting element 12 R , 12 G , 12 B The oxide film 74 having different types and different film thicknesses can be formed, for example, in the following manner.

[0334] First, an electrolyte solution is filled in a container, and the substrate on which the reflector 71 is formed is immersed in the electrolyte solution. In addition, an electrode is arranged so as to face the reflector 71 .

[0335] Then, a positive voltage is applied to the reflector 71 with the electrode as a reference, and the reflector 71 is anodized. The film thickness of the oxide film produced by anodization is proportional to the voltage value relative to the electrode. R , 71 G , 71 B Anodic oxidation is performed while voltages corresponding to the types of the light emitting elements 12 are applied. Thus, oxide films 74 having different film thicknesses can be formed at once.

[0336] The materials and the like constituting the reflector 71 , the first electrode 121 , and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

[0337] (Resonator structure: sixth example)

[0338] Fig. 20 B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the sixth example of the resonator structure.

[0339] In the sixth example, the first electrode 121, the OLED layer 122, and the second electrode 123 are stacked to form the light emitting element 12. However, in the sixth example, the first electrode 121 is formed to have the functions of both an electrode and a reflector. The first electrode (also reflector) 121 has a structure according to the light emitting element 12. R , 12 G , 12 B The phase shift generated by the first electrode (also reflecting plate) 121 is different, so that the optical distance for generating resonance that best matches the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed can be set.

[0340] The first electrode (also a reflector) 121 can be made of a single metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), or an alloy containing these metals as main components. For example, the light emitting element 121 can be made of copper (Cu). R The first electrode (also a reflector) 121 R , the light emitting element 12 is formed of aluminum G The first electrode (also a reflector) 121 G and light emitting element 12 B The first electrode (also a reflector) 121 B .

[0341] The material and the like constituting the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

[0342] (Resonator structure: seventh example)

[0343] Fig.21 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a seventh example of the resonator structure.

[0344] The seventh example is configured as follows: basically, the light emitting element 12 R , 12 G The sixth example is applied to the light emitting element 12 B The first example is applied. In this configuration as well, it is possible to set the optical distance that generates a resonance that best matches the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0345] Light emitting element 12 R , 12 G The first electrode (also a reflector) 121 used R ,121 GIt can be composed of a single metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), or an alloy containing these metals as main components.

[0346] Regarding the light emitting element 12 B Reflector 71 used B , optical adjustment layer 72 B and the first electrode 121 B The materials, etc. are the same as those described in the first example, so the description is omitted.

[0347] <11 Application Examples>

[0348] (Electronic equipment)

[0349] The display devices 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, and 107 (hereinafter referred to as "display device 101, etc.") involved in the above-mentioned first to seventh embodiments and their modified examples can also be provided in various electronic devices. The display device 101, etc. is particularly suitable for electronic devices such as electronic viewfinders of video cameras or single-lens reflex cameras, or head-mounted displays, which require high resolution and are used close to the eyes for magnification.

[0350] (Specific example 1)

[0351] Fig. 22 A. Fig. 22 B shows an example of the appearance of a digital still camera 310. The digital still camera 310 is a lens-interchangeable single-lens reflex camera, and has an interchangeable shooting lens unit (interchangeable lens) 312 substantially in the center of the front of a camera main body (camera body) 311, and a grip 313 for a photographer to hold on the left side of the front.

[0352] A monitor 314 is provided at a position offset to the left from the center of the back of the camera body 311. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window) 315 is provided above the monitor 314. By looking at the electronic viewfinder 315, the photographer can visually recognize the optical image of the photographic subject derived from the photographic lens unit 312 and determine the composition. The electronic viewfinder 315 includes any one of the above-mentioned display device 101 and the like.

[0353] (Specific example 2)

[0354] Fig.23 An example of the appearance of a head mounted display 320 is shown. The head mounted display 320 has ear straps 322 for wearing on the user's head on both sides of a display unit 321 in the shape of glasses, for example. The display unit 321 includes any one of the above-mentioned display device 101 and the like.

[0355] (Concrete example 3)

[0356] Fig.24 An example of the appearance of a television device 330 is shown. The television device 330 includes, for example, a video display screen portion 331 including a front panel 332 and a filter glass 333, and the video display screen portion 331 includes any of the above-described display device 101 and the like.

[0357] (Concrete example 4)

[0358] Fig.25 An example of the appearance of a see-through head-mounted display 340 is shown. The see-through head-mounted display 340 includes a main body 341 , an arm 342 , and a lens barrel 343 .

[0359] The main body 341 is connected to the arm 342 and the glasses 350. Specifically, the end of the long side direction of the main body 341 is connected to the arm 342, and one side of the side of the main body 341 is connected to the glasses 350 via a connecting member. In addition, the main body 341 can also be directly worn on the head of a human body.

[0360] The main body 341 has a built-in control substrate and a display unit for controlling the operation of the see-through head mounted display 340. The arm 342 connects the main body 341 and the lens barrel 343 and supports the lens barrel 343. Specifically, the arm 342 is respectively coupled to the end of the main body 341 and the end of the lens barrel 343 and fixes the lens barrel 343. In addition, the arm 342 has a built-in signal line for communicating the data of the image provided from the main body 341 to the lens barrel 343.

[0361] The lens barrel 343 projects image light supplied from the main body 341 via the arm 342 toward the eyes of the user wearing the see-through head mounted display 340 through the eyepiece lens 351. In the see-through head mounted display 340, the display unit of the main body 341 includes any of the above-described display device 101 and the like.

[0362] (Concrete example 5)

[0363] Fig.26 An example of the appearance of a smartphone 360 ​​is shown. The smartphone 360 ​​includes a display unit 361 that displays various information, an operation unit 362 composed of buttons and the like that accepts user operation input, and the like. The display unit 361 includes any of the above-mentioned display device 101 and the like.

[0364] (Concrete example 6)

[0365] The display device 101 and the like may also be provided in various displays, and the various displays are provided in a carrier.

[0366] Fig. 27 A and Fig. 27 B is a diagram showing an example of the internal structure of a carrier 500 having various displays. Specifically, Fig. 27 A is a diagram showing an example of the interior of the vehicle 500 from the rear to the front of the vehicle 500. Fig. 27 B is a diagram showing an example of the interior of the vehicle 500 from the oblique rear to the oblique front of the vehicle 500.

[0367] The vehicle 500 includes a central display 501, a console display 502, a head-up display 503, a digital rearview mirror 504, a steering wheel display 505, and a rear entertainment display 506. At least one of these displays includes any one of the above-mentioned display devices 101, etc. For example, all of these displays may also include any one of the above-mentioned display devices 101, etc.

[0368] The central display 501 is arranged on a portion of the instrument panel facing the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509. Fig. 27 A and Fig. 27 In B, an example of a central display 501 of a laterally long shape extending from the driver's seat 508 side to the passenger seat 509 side is shown, but the screen size and configuration location of the central display 501 are arbitrary. Information detected by various sensors can be displayed on the central display 501. As a specific example, an image captured by an image sensor, an image of the distance to obstacles in front and on the side of the vehicle 500 measured by a ToF sensor, and the body temperature of a passenger detected by an infrared sensor can be displayed on the central display 501. For example, the central display 501 can be used to display at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information.

[0369] Safety-related information is information such as drowsiness detection, gaze aversion detection, detection of mischief by children riding together, whether the seat belt is fastened, and detection of lost items by passengers, for example, information detected by a sensor superimposed on the rear side of the central display 501. Operation-related information uses sensors to detect gestures related to the operation of the passenger. The detected gestures may also include the operation of various devices in the vehicle 500. For example, the operation of air conditioning equipment, navigation devices, AV devices, lighting devices, etc. is detected. The life log includes the life logs of all passengers. For example, the life log includes the action records of each passenger in the vehicle. By acquiring and saving the life records, it is possible to confirm what the state of the passenger was at the time of the accident. Health-related information uses sensors such as temperature sensors to detect the body temperature of the passenger, and infers the health status of the passenger based on the detected body temperature. Alternatively, an image sensor may be used to capture the face of the passenger, and the health status of the passenger may be inferred from the captured facial expression. Furthermore, it is also possible to have a conversation with the passenger in an automatic voice, and infer the health status of the passenger based on the content of the passenger's answer. Authentication / identification-related information includes a keyless entry function using a sensor for facial authentication, a function for automatically adjusting the seat height and position through facial recognition, and the like. The entertainment-related information includes a function of detecting operation information of an AV device performed by a passenger using a sensor, a function of recognizing a passenger's face by a sensor and providing content suitable for the passenger through the AV device, and the like.

[0370] The console display 502 can be used to display life log information, for example. The console display 502 is arranged near the shift lever 511 of the center console 510 between the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509. Information detected by various sensors can also be displayed on the console display 502. In addition, the image of the vehicle's surroundings captured by the image sensor can be displayed on the console display 502, and the distance image to the obstacles around the vehicle can also be displayed.

[0371] The head-up display 503 is virtually displayed behind the windshield 512 in front of the driver's seat 508. For example, the head-up display 503 can be used to display at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. Since the head-up display 503 is generally virtually configured in front of the driver's seat 508, it is suitable for displaying information directly related to the operation of the vehicle 500, such as the speed of the vehicle 500, the remaining amount of fuel (battery), etc.

[0372] Since the digital rearview mirror 504 can not only display the rear of the vehicle 500 but also display the situation of the rear seat passengers, it can be used to display life log information, for example, by superimposing a sensor on the rear side of the digital rearview mirror 504.

[0373] The steering wheel display 505 is arranged near the center of the steering wheel 513 of the vehicle 500. For example, the steering wheel display 505 can be used to display at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, since the steering wheel display 505 is near the driver's hand, it is suitable for displaying life log information such as the driver's body temperature, or suitable for displaying information related to the operation of AV devices, air conditioning equipment, etc.

[0374] The rear entertainment display 506 is installed on the back side of the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509 for viewing and listening by the rear seat passengers. For example, the rear entertainment display 506 can be used to display at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, since the rear entertainment display 506 is in front of the rear seat passengers, information related to the rear seat passengers is displayed. For example, information related to the operation of the AV device and the air conditioning equipment, or the result of measuring the body temperature of the rear seat passengers by the temperature sensor, etc. can also be displayed.

[0375] It can also be configured so that the sensor is superimposed on the rear side of the display device 101, etc., and the distance to the objects present in the surrounding can be measured. The optical distance measurement method is roughly divided into passive type and active type. The passive type does not project light from the sensor to the object, but receives light from the object to perform distance measurement. Passive types include lens focusing method, stereo method and monocular vision method. The active type projects light to the object and receives the reflected light from the object through the sensor to perform distance measurement. Active types include optical radar method, active stereo method, illumination difference stereo method, Mormet topography method, interference method, etc. The above-mentioned display device 101, etc. can also be applied to distance measurement of any of these methods. By using a sensor superimposed on the rear side of the display device 101, etc., the above-mentioned passive or active distance measurement can be performed.

[0376] Description of Reference Numerals

[0377] 10R, 10G, 10B: sub-pixel; 11: driving substrate; 12R, 12G, 12B: light-emitting element; 12a: central axis; 13: protective layer; 14: optical adjustment layer; 15R, 15G, 15B: metamaterial; 16: protective layer; 17: cover layer; 18: insulating layer; 19: color filter; 19FR: red filter; 19FG: green filter; 19FB: blue filter; 21R, 21G, 21B: metamaterial; 21L: nanostructure layer; 22R, 22G, 22B: metamaterial; 23R, 23G, 23B: metamaterial; 23L: nanostructure layer; 31, 32, 33: resist pattern; 101, 10 2, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107: display device; 101a: pad portion; 121: first electrode; 122R, 122G, 122B: OLED layer; 123: second electrode; 151, 152, 155: nanostructure; 152M: first separation structure; 152N: second separation structure; 211: nanostructure; 231, 232: nanostructure; 231a: oblique column; 310: digital still camera; 320: head-mounted display; 330: television device; 340: see-through head-mounted display; 360: smart phone; 500: vehicle; RE1: display area; RE2: peripheral area.

Claims

1. A light emitting device comprising: a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and A plurality of metamaterials are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements. The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures arranged in two dimensions, The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of separated structure nanostructures, and the plurality of separated structure nanostructures are separated in a height direction of the nanostructures. A plurality of the separation-structure nanostructures are disposed at the periphery of a light-emitting region corresponding to the light-emitting element.

2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The light emitting device further comprises an optical adjustment layer. The separation structure nanostructure includes a first separation structure and a second separation structure, and the first separation structure is disposed closer to the front side than the second separation structure when viewed from the light emitting element. The optical adjustment layer is provided between the light emitting element and the second separation structure. The optical adjustment layer includes the first separation structure.

3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The light emitting device further comprises an optical adjustment layer. The optical adjustment layer is disposed between the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of metamaterials.

4. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of non-separated structure nanostructures, wherein the plurality of non-separated structure nanostructures are not separated in the height direction of the nanostructures. A plurality of the non-separated structure nanostructures are disposed inside the outer periphery of the light emitting region.

5. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of nanopillars.

6. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: A plurality of the metamaterials constitute a plurality of superlenses.

7. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The metamaterial has a function of focusing light emitted from the light emitting element and a function of suppressing the light from penetrating into the adjacent light emitting region.

8. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The light emitting device further comprises a low refractive index layer, wherein the low refractive index layer fills the gaps between the plurality of nanostructures. The low refractive index layer has a refractive index lower than that of the nanostructure.

9. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The light emitting area is a sub-pixel.

10. A light emitting device comprising: a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and A plurality of metamaterials are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements. The metamaterial comprises a plurality of nanostructures. The plurality of nanostructures are three-dimensionally arranged in a step-like shape descending from a center of a light-emitting region corresponding to the light-emitting element toward an outer periphery of the light-emitting region.

11. The light emitting device according to claim 10, wherein: A plurality of the nanostructures constitute a plurality of layers.

12. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein: The nanostructures included in each of the layers have the same size.

13. A light emitting device comprising: a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and A plurality of metamaterials are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements. The metamaterial comprises a plurality of nanostructures. The plurality of nanostructures are arranged to form a plurality of oblique columns in cross-sectional view, and the oblique columns are spaced apart from a central axis of the light emitting element as they are away from the light emitting element in cross-sectional view.

14. The light emitting device according to claim 13, wherein: As the oblique row is away from the central axis of the light emitting element, the angle θ of the oblique row relative to the central axis of the light emitting element becomes larger.

15. The light emitting device according to claim 13, wherein: A plurality of the nanostructures constitute a plurality of layers.

16. A light emitting device comprising: a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in two dimensions; and A plurality of metamaterials are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements. The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures arranged in two dimensions, The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of first nanostructures and a plurality of second nanostructures, A plurality of the second nanostructures are arranged at the periphery of the light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element, A plurality of the first nanostructures are arranged inside the outer peripheral portion, The bottom of the second nanostructure is located at a higher position than the bottom of the first nanostructure.

17. An electronic device comprising the light emitting device according to claim 1.

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