Method for reducing double cropping rice field trapping based on corner mechanical compaction

Abstract

The invention provides a method for reducing trapping of a paddy field based on corner mechanical compaction, and belongs to the technical field of farmland quality improvement. The method comprises the following steps that when a paddy field is in winter leisure and has no accumulated water, a surface soil layer of a paddy field corner area is stripped, the area where the surface soil layer is stripped is rolled, and the surface soil layer is backfilled after rolling is completed. The paddy field corner area is rolled and compacted through different types of excavators, deepening of a plough layer in the paddy field corner area can be rapidly relieved, the problem that various agricultural machines are frequently trapped is solved, the soil compactness can be properly increased, the paddy field fertilizer retention capacity is enhanced, stable yield increasing of paddy field crops is facilitated, and grain safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of improving farmland quality, and in particular relates to a method for reducing paddy field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction. Background Art

[0002] Rice is the largest staple food crop in my country, of which the output of double-season rice accounts for 61.3% of the total rice output. Stabilizing and increasing the planting area and output of double-season rice is of great strategic significance to ensuring national food security. However, with the increasing large-scale agricultural machinery in the process of rice plowing, planting and harvesting, rotary tillers (weight 0.1 tons-1.2 tons), rice transplanters (weight 0.1 tons-0.4 tons), harvesters (weight 1.5 tons-4 tons), among which the light rice harvester has a load of 2 tons (weight 1.5 tons, rice 0.5 tons), and the heavy harvester has a load of 5.5 tons (weight 4 tons, rice 1.5 tons). In addition, the early rice harvest coincides with the rainy season, which leads to the breaking of the bottom layer of the plow in the corner area of ​​the double-season rice field and the deepening of the plow layer. At the same time, the deepening of the corner plow layer leads to frequent machine sinking, delays the farming time, aggravates the seasonal contradiction of double-season rice production, seriously restricts the long-term sustainable utilization of double-season rice fields, and is not conducive to the annual high yield and stable yield of double-season rice. At present, there are few studies on the deepening of the tillage layer in double-season rice fields. Most of them alleviate the problem of deepening the tillage layer by planting rapeseed and vegetables in winter or leaving the land fallow. However, the above methods are slow in effect, require high labor input, and are difficult to apply on a large scale.

[0003] In fact, this phenomenon is not limited to double-season rice fields. In a broad sense, paddy fields are all suffering from similar problems to varying degrees under the high-intensity operation of large-scale agricultural machinery. Paddy fields planted with single-season rice also face heavy pressure from agricultural machinery during the plowing, planting and harvesting stages. Although their planting cycle is different from that of double-season rice, it is still difficult to repair the damaged soil. Paddy fields used to plant other aquatic crops such as lotus roots and water chestnuts also face problems such as changes in soil tillage and increased risk of machine traps after the introduction of large-scale excavation and harvesting machinery during harvest.

[0004] Therefore, how to deal with the negative impact of large-scale agricultural machinery on various types of paddy fields has become a difficult problem that needs to be overcome urgently in the current process of agricultural modernization, and it is related to the stability and development of the entire paddy field agricultural ecology. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing paddy field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction, which can appropriately increase the soil compaction in the corner area of ​​the paddy field, reduce the number of sinking times, and quickly alleviate the problem of deepening the plow layer.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for reducing paddy field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction includes: when the paddy field is idle in winter and there is no water accumulation, the topsoil layer in the corner area of ​​the field is stripped, and the area where the stripped topsoil layer is compacted is rolled, and the topsoil layer is backfilled after the rolling is completed.

[0008] Preferably, the area of ​​the field corner region is 2-4m×2-4m.

[0009] Preferably, the topsoil layer is stripped by 15-18 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the stripping and rolling are performed using a crawler excavator.

[0011] More preferably, the crawler excavator is selected from any one of large, medium and small excavators; the large excavator weighs 20-30 tons, the medium excavator weighs 10-20 tons, and the small excavator weighs 8-10 tons.

[0012] More preferably, the number of rolling is:

[0013] N=(Y-5) / 5+X n

[0014] Where, N is the number of rolling times, in times, and is rounded to the nearest integer; Y≥5 is the continuous planting years of the crop, in years; X n is the number of rolling times of different types of excavators, large excavator X 1 、Medium ExcavatorX 2 、Small ExcavatorX 3 Assign values ​​1, 2, and 3 respectively.

[0015] Preferably, after the rolling is completed, three furrows are dug in time to ensure that the furrows are connected and to ensure good field drainage during the winter idle period.

[0016] Preferably, after the rolling is completed, the field is dried for 2-3 days and then the topsoil layer is backfilled.

[0017] Preferably, the paddy field is a double-season rice field.

[0018] The invention also provides application of the method in land preparation for double-season rice cultivation.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] Under the existing technology, the deepening of the tillage layer in paddy fields (such as double-season rice fields) is mostly alleviated by planting rapeseed, vegetables or fallowing in winter. Although it can alleviate the deepening of the tillage layer, the effect is slow, the labor input is high, and it is difficult to apply on a large scale. The present invention uses different types of excavators (large excavators, medium excavators, and small excavators) to roll and compact the corner area of ​​the paddy field, which can quickly alleviate the deepening of the tillage layer in the corner area of ​​the paddy field, reduce the problem of various agricultural machinery frequently getting stuck, save the cost of carrying out rescue for frequently stuck machines, ensure the orderly development of agricultural activities, and be conducive to the stable and increased production of paddy field crops and ensure food security.

[0021] For double-season rice fields, construction during the winter idle period will not affect double-season rice planting, which is conducive to stabilizing the scale of double-season rice planting; it can alleviate the deepening of the plowing layer in the corner areas of double-season rice fields, and can also appropriately increase the soil compaction, thereby enhancing the fertilizer retention capacity of double-season rice fields. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention provides a method for reducing paddy field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction, comprising: when the paddy field is idle in winter and there is no water accumulation, the topsoil layer in the corner area of ​​the field is stripped, and the area where the topsoil layer is stripped is rolled, and the topsoil layer is backfilled after the rolling is completed.

[0023] In the present invention, the area of ​​the field corner region is preferably 2-4m×2-4m, and more preferably 3m×3m.

[0024] In the present invention, the topsoil layer is preferably peeled off by 15-18 cm, more preferably by 16-17 cm.

[0025] In the present invention, it is preferred that a crawler excavator is used for the stripping and rolling; it is further preferred that the crawler excavator is selected from any one of large, medium and small excavators, wherein the large excavator weighs 20-30 tons, the medium excavator weighs 10-20 tons, and the small excavator weighs 8-10 tons; it is more preferred that the power of the large excavator is 180-360kw, the power of the medium excavator is 80-135kw, and the power of the small excavator is 30-50kw.

[0026] In the present invention, the number of rolling is preferably:

[0027] N=(Y-5) / 5+X n

[0028] Where N is the number of rolling times, in times, and the value is an integer and rounded off; Y ≥ 5 is the continuous planting years of the crop, in years (after 5 years of crop planting, the corner area needs to be compacted, so Y ≥ 5); X n is the number of rolling times of different types of excavators, large excavator X 1 、Medium ExcavatorX 2 、Small ExcavatorX 3They are assigned values ​​of 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Taking double-season rice fields as an example, the number of times different types of excavators roll over the double-season rice fields is shown in Table 1.

[0029] Table 1 Rolling times of different types of excavators under continuous double-season rice planting

[0030]

[0031] In the present invention, after the rolling is completed, it is preferred to open three furrows in time to ensure that the furrows are connected and to ensure field drainage during the winter idle period; it is further preferred to dig 20 cm furrows, 30 cm waist furrows and 40 cm surrounding furrows to ensure the quality of rolling.

[0032] In the present invention, after rolling is completed, the field is preferably dried for 2-3 days and then the topsoil layer is backfilled to enhance the rolling effect.

[0033] In the present invention, the paddy field is preferably a double-season rice field.

[0034] In the present invention, the soil compaction after mechanical rolling at the corner of the field is:

[0035] D=D 0 +10N%×D 0

[0036] Where D is soil compaction, unit: Pa; D 0 It is the compactness of the corner of the field before mechanical rolling. Taking the double-cropping rice field as an example, the depth of the tillage layer at the corner of the field and the number of machine sinking after rolling by different types of excavators are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2 Depth of the corner tillage layer and the number of times the machine sank after rolling by different types of excavators

[0038]

[0039] Note: “-” in the table indicates that the tillage layer becomes deeper. For example, when the planting period is 6 years, the tillage layer becomes shallower by -2 cm, which means that the tillage layer becomes 2 cm deeper after 6 years of double-season rice planting; when the planting period is 16 years, the tillage layer becomes shallower by -8 cm, which means that the tillage layer becomes 8 cm deeper after 16 years of double-season rice planting.

[0040] The present invention also provides the application of the above method in double-season rice cultivation and land preparation. Double-season rice is planted in two seasons, and the harvester harvests twice, which causes the greatest damage to the paddy field corners, and the production seasons of double-season rice are contradictory. Therefore, the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for double-season rice fields to solve their farming problems.

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for reducing double-season rice field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction, the steps are as follows:

[0044] (1) After the double-season rice is harvested, choose a sunny winter period with no water accumulation in the field, use a large excavator to peel off 18cm of the topsoil layer in the 4m×4m corner area of ​​the field, and then use the excavator crawler to roll the stripped topsoil area. If the weather permits, dry the field for 2-3 days after rolling and then backfill the topsoil to enhance the rolling effect; the parameters of the large excavator are: power: 180-360kw, weight 20-30 tons.

[0045] (2) The design method of the number of field corner rolling times is as follows:

[0046] N=(Y-5) / 5+X n

[0047] Wherein, the number of times the field corners are rolled (N, in units of times), the value is an integer and rounded off; the continuous planting years of double-cropping rice (Y, in units of years, Y ≥ 5), that is, after 5 years of double-cropping rice planting, the corners need to be compacted; X n It indicates the number of compaction times of different types of excavators in the five years of planting double-season rice. 1 ) is assigned a value of 1.

[0048] (3) After compaction, dig furrows in time, including ridge furrows (20 cm), waist furrows (30 cm) and perimeter furrows (40 cm), ensure that the furrows are connected, and ensure good field drainage during the winter idle period to ensure compaction quality.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A method for reducing double-season rice field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction, the steps are as follows:

[0051] (1) After the double-season rice is harvested, choose a sunny winter period with no water accumulation in the field, use a medium-sized excavator to peel off 16cm of the topsoil layer in the 3m×3m corner area of ​​the field, and then use the excavator crawler to roll the stripped topsoil area. If the weather permits, dry the field for 2-3 days after rolling and then backfill the topsoil to enhance the rolling effect; the parameters of the medium-sized excavator are: power: 80-135kw, weight 10-20 tons.

[0052] (2) The design method of the number of field corner rolling times is as follows:

[0053] N=(Y-5) / 5+X n

[0054] Wherein, the number of times the field corners are rolled (N, in units of times), the value is an integer and rounded off; the continuous planting years of double-cropping rice (Y, in units of years, Y ≥ 5), that is, after 5 years of double-cropping rice planting, the corners need to be compacted; X nIt indicates the number of compaction times of different types of excavators in the five years of planting double-season rice. The medium-sized excavator (X 2 ) is assigned the value 2.

[0055] (3) After compaction, dig furrows in time, including ridge furrows (20 cm), waist furrows (30 cm) and perimeter furrows (40 cm), ensure that the furrows are connected, and ensure good field drainage during the winter idle period to ensure compaction quality.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] A method for reducing double-season rice field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction, the steps are as follows:

[0058] (1) After the double-season rice is harvested, choose a sunny winter period with no water accumulation in the field, use a small excavator to peel off 15cm of the topsoil layer in the 2m×4m corner area of ​​the field, and then use the excavator crawler to roll the stripped topsoil area. If the weather permits, dry the field for 2-3 days after rolling and then backfill the topsoil to enhance the rolling effect; the parameters of the small excavator are: power: 30-50kw, weight 8-10 tons.

[0059] (2) The design method of the number of field corner rolling times is as follows:

[0060] N=(Y-5) / 5+X n

[0061] Wherein, the number of times the field corners are rolled (N, in units of times), the value is an integer and rounded off; the continuous planting years of double-cropping rice (Y, in units of years, Y ≥ 5), that is, after 5 years of double-cropping rice planting, the corners need to be compacted; X n It indicates the number of compaction times of different types of excavators in the five years of planting double-season rice. 3 ) is assigned the value 3.

[0062] (3) After compaction, dig furrows in time, including ridge furrows (20 cm), waist furrows (30 cm) and perimeter furrows (40 cm), ensure that the furrows are connected, and ensure good field drainage during the winter idle period to ensure compaction quality.

[0063] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing paddy field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction, characterized in that: When the paddy field is idle in winter and has no water accumulation, the topsoil layer in the corner area of ​​the field is stripped, and the area where the topsoil layer is stripped is rolled, and the topsoil layer is backfilled after the rolling is completed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The area of ​​the field corner region is 2-4m×2-4m.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The topsoil layer is peeled off by 15-18 cm.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stripping and rolling are performed using a crawler excavator.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The crawler excavator is selected from any one of large, medium and small excavators; the large excavator weighs 20-30 tons, the medium excavator weighs 10-20 tons, and the small excavator weighs 8-10 tons.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The number of rolling is: N=(Y-5) / 5+X n Where, N is the number of rolling times, in times, and is rounded to the nearest integer; Y≥5 is the continuous planting years of the crop, in years; X n The numbers of crushing times of different types of excavators are assigned as 1, 2, and 3 for large excavator X1, medium excavator X2, and small excavator X3 respectively.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the rolling is completed, three furrows are opened in time to ensure that the furrows are connected and the field drainage is done well during the winter idle period.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the rolling is completed, the field is dried for 2-3 days and then the topsoil layer is backfilled.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paddy field is a double-season rice field.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in land preparation for double-season rice cultivation.

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