Automobile part surface defect detection structure based on machine vision

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile part defect detection, in particular to an automobile part surface defect detection structure based on machine vision, which comprises two groups of brackets and two conveying mechanisms mounted on the two groups of brackets, the detection mechanism comprises a side frame, the side frame is fixed on one mounting frame, and the other mounting frame is fixed on the other mounting frame. A sliding rod is connected to the side frame in a sliding mode, a limiting ring is fixed to the sliding rod, a first spring is clamped between the side frame and the limiting ring, an ejector rod located between the two inserting rods is fixed to the top of the sliding rod, and a camera located in the center of the two inserting rods is installed on the ejector rod; one conveying mechanism can convey automobile parts similar to flat plates to the turnover mechanism, so that the parts can be inserted into a plurality of insertion rods one by one, the opposite faces of two parts are located at the bottom of a camera all the time, and the opposite faces of the two parts are detected at the same time; and the turnover mechanism automatically turns over the single part during conveying, so that the detection speed is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts defect detection, in particular to an automobile parts surface defect detection structure based on machine vision. Background Art

[0002] There are many kinds of auto parts, covering all aspects of automobile structure. Among auto parts, there are relatively more flat-plate-like parts, which are often used to form the structural frame, support system, decorative parts or functional parts of the car. There are flat-plate parts such as body panels, chassis parts and interior parts. When inspecting plastic parts, the main inspection is surface cracks, and when inspecting metal parts, the main inspection is surface rust. When inspecting surface defects of auto parts, they are generally carried out through cameras and infrared equipment.

[0003] The prior art has the following defects:

[0004] 1. At present, when parts are conveyed by conveyor belts and then inspected by infrared equipment and cameras, the bottom of the parts is in contact with the conveyor belt, and only one side is facing the inspection equipment. Therefore, the inspection equipment can only inspect one side of the parts at a time. It is difficult to quickly inspect both sides of the parts on an assembly line, and the inspection efficiency is low.

[0005] 2. When testing auto parts, unqualified parts are also transported along a conveyor belt, and then they are manually removed and screened. It is difficult to automatically push the unqualified parts after they are detected, which increases the workload of workers;

[0006] 3. Through manual screening of parts, we can only know that the parts are unqualified, but the specific locations detected are not marked. When rework, it takes a lot of time to find the broken or rusted areas, which wastes time. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a surface defect detection structure for automotive parts based on machine vision.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a surface defect detection structure for automobile parts based on machine vision, including two groups of brackets, two conveying mechanisms installed on the two groups of brackets, a flipping mechanism fixed to the two brackets for flipping automobile parts is provided between the two conveying mechanisms, a detection mechanism is provided between the two brackets, a pushing mechanism for pushing unqualified products is installed on one of the conveying mechanisms, and a guide mechanism for assisting unloading is provided on the detection mechanism; the flipping mechanism includes two mounting frames, and two brackets are relatively fixedly connected to each other. A mounting frame, a connecting shaft is rotatably connected between the two mounting frames, a second motor is installed on one of the mounting frames, the second motor is cooperatively connected to the connecting shaft, two groups of plug rods are equidistantly fixed on the connecting shaft, and slots are provided on the plug rods. The detection mechanism includes a side frame, a side frame is fixed on one of the mounting frames, a sliding rod is slidably connected to the side frame, a limiting ring is fixed on the sliding rod, a first spring is clamped between the side frame and the limiting ring, a top rod located between the two plug rods is fixed on the top of the sliding rod, and a camera located at the center of the two plug rods is installed on the top rod.

[0009] Specifically, the cross section of the plug rod is in a U-shaped structure, and the space between two adjacent plug rods is in an inverted eight-shaped structure, and the top rod is located at the center between two adjacent plug rods on the top surface of the connecting shaft.

[0010] Specifically, the flip mechanism also includes screws and adjustment plates. An adjustment plate placed inside the slot is provided between multiple sets of two opposite insertion rods. The bottoms of multiple adjustment plates are rotatably connected to screws threadedly connected to the connecting shaft.

[0011] Specifically, the detection mechanism also includes a bolt and a baffle, the limit ring is rotatably connected with a bolt, the side of the side frame is fixed with a baffle with a U-shaped cross-section, the bolt passes through the baffle, and a nut that contacts the baffle is threadedly connected to the bolt.

[0012] Specifically, the conveying mechanism includes a rotating shaft, two groups of rotating shafts are connected to the two brackets for relative rotation, the two rotating shafts on the same side are connected to the conveyor belts, a connecting shaft is fixed between two opposite rotating shafts on the two brackets, a first motor is installed on the two brackets, and the two first motors are fixed to the two connecting shafts, and the slots on the two groups of insertion rods are respectively flush with the surfaces of the two groups of conveyor belts.

[0013] Specifically, the pushing mechanism includes a gantry, wherein the gantry is fixed on one of the brackets, the gantry is rotatably connected to a first screw, a third motor fixed to the first screw is installed on the gantry, the gantry is internally slidably connected to a slider threadedly connected to the first screw, and a fixing plate corresponding to a slot on one of the insertion rods is obliquely fixed to the side wall of the slider.

[0014] Specifically, the pushing mechanism also includes a guide rod, a push plate and a second spring. A plurality of guide rods are equidistantly slidably connected to the fixed plate. A push plate parallel to the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the plurality of guide rods. A plurality of second springs wound around the outside of the guide rods are equidistantly arranged between the push plate and the fixed plate.

[0015] Specifically, the guide mechanism includes a support, the mounting frame is fixed with the support, the support is fixedly connected with a guide seat opposite to the push plate, and the guide seat with a U-shaped cross-section is obliquely fixed with a slide plate.

[0016] Specifically, the gantry is provided with a marking mechanism, and the marking mechanism includes a slide rail, the gantry is fixedly connected with the slide rail, the slide rail is slidably connected with a slide seat, the slide rail is rotatably connected with a second screw rod threadedly connected to the slide seat, a second motor is installed on the slide rail, the second motor is fixedly connected to the second screw rod, the slide rail is slidably connected with a slide seat threadedly connected to the second screw rod, a first motor is installed on the slide seat, the first motor is connected with a rotating rod, and two hydraulic rods located at the top of two of the plug rods are installed on the rotating rod, and a marking pen is provided at the bottom of each hydraulic rod.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] (1) The present invention discloses a surface defect detection structure for automobile parts based on machine vision, wherein a flipping mechanism is provided between two brackets, and a conveying mechanism can convey automobile parts similar to a flat plate to the flipping mechanism, so that the parts can be inserted into a plurality of insertion rods one by one, that is, the opposite surfaces of two parts are always at the bottom of the camera, thereby realizing simultaneous detection of the opposite surfaces of the two parts. The flipping mechanism automatically flips a single part during conveyance, thereby speeding up the detection speed.

[0019] (2) The present invention discloses a surface defect detection structure for automotive parts based on machine vision, wherein a push mechanism is provided on a bracket. When unqualified parts are detected, the unqualified parts will rotate corresponding to the push plate as the connecting shaft rotates. At this time, the second motor stops rotating, and the third motor can drive the push plate to push the defective parts out of the slot, thereby completing the screening of unqualified products. The unqualified products are unloaded through a guide mechanism to avoid secondary damage. The reset of the push mechanism will not affect the rotation of the connecting shaft.

[0020] (3) The present invention discloses a surface defect detection structure for automotive parts based on machine vision, wherein a marking mechanism is provided on the pushing mechanism. When the detection mechanism detects that a defect exists in a part, the second motor can be started to drive the slide to move, and the hydraulic rod can be sent to the horizontal position of the defect. The first motor can be started to rotate the rotating rod 90 degrees. At this time, the hydraulic rod is vertical. The hydraulic rod can be started to make the marker contact the part to complete the horizontal marking, which is convenient for finding the defect position. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a preferred embodiment of a surface defect detection structure for automotive parts based on machine vision provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the side frame, the slide bar and the mounting frame of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the gantry, the first screw rod and the slide rail of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the connecting shaft and the inserting rod of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the slide bar, the limit ring, the push rod and the camera of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the slider, the fixing plate and the guide rod of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the support, the slide plate and the guide seat of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1, bracket; 2, conveying mechanism; 201, rotating shaft; 202, conveying belt; 203, connecting shaft; 204, first motor; 3, flip mechanism; 301, mounting frame; 302, second motor; 303, connecting shaft; 304, plug rod; 305, slot; 306, screw; 307, adjustment plate; 4, detection mechanism; 401, side frame; 402, slide rod; 403, limit ring; 404, first spring; 405, bolt; 406, ejector rod; 407, camera; 408, baffle; 40 9. Nut; 5. Pushing mechanism; 501. Gantry; 502. Third motor; 503. First screw; 504. Sliding block; 505. Fixed plate; 506. Guide rod; 507. Pushing plate; 508. Second spring; 6. Marking mechanism; 601. Slide rail; 602. Second screw; 603. First motor; 604. Sliding seat; 605. Rotating rod; 606. Hydraulic rod; 607. Marking pen; 608. Second motor; 7. Guide mechanism; 701. Guide seat; 702. Sliding plate; 703. Support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0031] like Figure 1 - Figure 7As shown, a surface defect detection structure for automobile parts based on machine vision described in the present invention comprises two groups of brackets 1, two conveying mechanisms 2 installed on the two groups of brackets 1, a flipping mechanism 3 fixed to the two brackets 1 for flipping automobile parts is provided between the two conveying mechanisms 2, a detection mechanism 4 is provided between the two brackets 1, a pushing mechanism 5 for pushing unqualified products is installed on one of the conveying mechanisms 2, and a guide mechanism 7 for assisting material unloading is provided on the detection mechanism 4; the flipping mechanism 3 comprises two mounting frames 301, two mounting frames 301 are relatively fixedly connected between the two brackets 1, and a connecting shaft 303 is rotatably connected between the two mounting frames 301, A second motor 302 is installed on one of the mounting frames 301, and the second motor 302 is connected to the connecting shaft 303. Two sets of plug rods 304 are fixed on the connecting shaft 303 at equal distances from each other, and a slot 305 is provided on the plug rod 304. The detection mechanism 4 includes a side frame 401, and a side frame 401 is fixed on one of the mounting frames 301. A slide bar 402 is slidably connected to the side frame 401, and a limiting ring 403 is fixed on the slide bar 402. A first spring 404 is clamped between the side frame 401 and the limiting ring 403. A top rod 406 located between the two plug rods 304 is fixed on the top of the slide bar 402, and a slot 305 is installed on the top rod 406. The camera 407 is located at the center of the rod 304; the cross-section of the plug rod 304 is a U-shaped structure, and the two adjacent plug rods 304 are in an inverted eight-shaped structure, and the top rod 406 is located at the center position between the two adjacent plug rods 304 on the top surface of the connecting shaft 303; the flip mechanism 3 also includes a screw 306 and an adjustment plate 307, and an adjustment plate 307 placed inside the slot 305 is provided between multiple groups of two opposite plug rods 304, and the bottoms of multiple adjustment plates 307 are rotatably connected to the screws 306 threadedly connected to the connecting shaft 303; the detection mechanism 4 also includes a bolt 405 and a baffle 408, the limit ring 403 is rotatably connected to the bolt 405, and the side of the side frame 401 A baffle 408 with a U-shaped cross section is fixed, the bolt 405 passes through the baffle 408, and a nut 409 that contacts the baffle 408 is threadedly connected to the bolt 405; the conveying mechanism 2 includes a rotating shaft 201, two sets of rotating shafts 201 are connected to the two brackets 1 for relative rotation, and the two rotating shafts 201 on the same side are connected to the conveyor belt 202, and a connecting shaft 203 is fixed between two opposite rotating shafts 201 on the two brackets 1, and the two first motors 204 are installed on the two brackets 1, and the two first motors 204 are fixed to the two connecting shafts 203, wherein the slots 305 on the two sets of the plug rods 304 are respectively flush with the surfaces of the two sets of conveyor belts 202;When inspecting defects such as cracks and rust on flat-plate parts of automobiles, automobile parts are placed on the two conveyor belts 202 on the side away from the gantry 501, and the two first motors 204 on the two brackets 1 are started to rotate the two groups of conveyor belts 202. The conveyor belt 202 on the side away from the gantry 501 is responsible for loading, and the two conveyor belts 202 close to the gantry 501 are responsible for unloading qualified automobile parts. When the conveyor belt 202 on the side away from the gantry 501 conveys parts, there is always a group of slots 305 of the plug rod 304 corresponding to the automobile parts on the conveyor belt 202. With the rotation of the conveyor belt 202, the automobile parts are inserted into the inside of the slots 305 on the plug rod 304. The second motor 302 is further started to drive the connecting shaft 303 to rotate. The control device controls the rotation angle of the connecting shaft 303 to correspond to the distance between the two plug rods 304, that is, there are always two plug rods 304 located at the bottom of the camera 407. With the rotation of the connecting shaft 303 There are always two automobile parts in relative state during rotation, that is, defect detection is realized on the relative surfaces of two automobile parts at the same time, and the detection of two sides of a part is completed only when the part rotates to correspond to the push plate 507. When loading, the depth of the slot 305 and the distance between the camera 407 and the part can be adjusted according to the width of the automobile part. When adjusting the depth of the slot 305, the screw 306 on the connecting shaft 303 is rotated to realize the lifting and lowering of the adjusting plate 307 inside the slot 305, so that parts of different widths can be loaded. When adjusting the height of the camera 407, the sliding rod 402 is pressed to realize the contraction of the first spring 404. At this time, the bolt 405 descends, and the nut 409 is rotated to shorten the length of the bolt 405 between the limit ring 403 and the baffle 408. The bolt 405 is tightened by the nut 409 to shorten the distance between the camera 407 and the part, and vice versa, the distance between the two is increased, and the position adjustment of the camera 407 according to the width of the part is completed, and the rotation of the connecting shaft 303 will not be blocked. ;

[0032] Specifically, the pushing mechanism 5 includes a gantry 501, wherein the gantry 501 is fixed on one of the brackets 1, the gantry 501 is rotatably connected to a first screw 503, a third motor 502 fixed to the first screw 503 is installed on the gantry 501, a slider 504 threadedly connected to the first screw 503 is slidably connected inside the gantry 501, and a fixing plate 505 corresponding to a slot 305 on one of the plug rods 304 is obliquely fixed to the side wall of the slider 504; the pushing mechanism The guide mechanism 7 further comprises a guide rod 506, a push plate 507 and a second spring 508. The fixed plate 505 is equidistantly connected to a plurality of guide rods 506 for sliding connection. The plurality of guide rods 506 are all fixedly connected to a push plate 507 parallel to the fixed plate 505. A plurality of second springs 508 wound around the outer sides of the guide rods 506 are equidistantly arranged between the push plate 507 and the fixed plate 505. The guide mechanism 7 comprises a support 703. The mounting frame 301 is fixed with the support 703. The support 703 is fixedly connected to a guide rod 506 opposite to the push plate 507. The guide seat 701 with a U-shaped cross section is provided with a slide plate 702 fixed thereon in an inclined manner; when the component rotates to the push plate 507, defects on both sides of the component are detected. If cracks and rust defects are found on one side of the component, the second motor 302 stops rotating, and the third motor 502 is started to realize that the first screw 503 drives the slide block 504 to slide on the gantry 501. As the slide block 504 moves toward the slot 305, the push plate 507 located on the side of the fixed plate 505 pushes the component inside the slot 305. The parts move along the adjustment plate 307 toward the guide seat 701 as the push plate 507 moves. When the parts are ejected onto the slide plate 702, the unqualified parts are unloaded, and the third motor 502 is reversed to reset the slider 504. The reset of the push plate 507 does not affect the rotation of the insertion rod 304. The qualified parts can move to the conveyor belt 202 on the other bracket 1 as the connecting shaft 303 rotates. When the parts rotate to be flush with the conveyor belt 202, they will be unloaded as the conveyor belt 202 rotates.

[0033] Specifically, the gantry 501 is provided with a marking mechanism 6, and the marking mechanism 6 includes a slide rail 601, the gantry 501 is fixedly connected with the slide rail 601, the slide rail 601 is slidably connected with a slide seat 604, the slide rail 601 is rotatably connected with a second screw rod 602 threadedly connected with the slide seat 604, the slide rail 601 is installed with a second motor 608, the second motor 608 is fixedly connected with the second screw rod 602, the slide rail 601 is slidably connected with a slide seat 604 threadedly connected with the second screw rod 602, the slide seat 604 is installed with a first motor 603, the first motor 603 is connected with a rotating rod 605, and the rotating rod 605 is installed with two hydraulic rods 606 located at the top of two of the plug rods 304, and the bottom of each hydraulic rod 606 is provided with a marking pen 607; when the surface of the automotive parts is detected to be broken or rusted by the camera 407, the first The second motor 302 can stop rotating to increase the residence time of the insertion rod 304. Further starting the second motor 608 forward and reverse rotation can realize that it drives the second screw 602 to rotate inside the slide rail 601. With the forward and reverse rotation of the second screw 602, the slide 604 is able to move forward and backward inside the slide rail 601, and the position of the marker 607 at the bottom of the hydraulic rod 606 is adjusted, so that the defective area on the component can be quickly found. The first motor 603 is started to realize the rotation of the rotating rod 605 to drive the hydraulic rod 606 vertically, and the hydraulic rod 606 is started to realize the marker 607 to descend and collide with the component on the insertion rod 304, completing the horizontal marking of the defective position. It can extend itself horizontally and vertically according to the marking point, so that the inspector can quickly find the defective position for repair. When the marking is completed, the first motor 603 can be started to drive the rotating rod 605 to rotate ninety degrees to make the hydraulic rod 606 horizontal, so as not to affect the rotation of the component.

[0034] When the present invention is in use, first, when inspecting the defects such as cracks and rust on the flat-plate parts of the automobile, the automobile parts are placed on the two conveyor belts 202 on the side away from the gantry 501, and the two first motors 204 on the two brackets 1 are started to realize the rotation of the two groups of conveyor belts 202. The conveyor belt 202 on the side away from the gantry 501 is responsible for loading, and the two conveyor belts 202 close to the gantry 501 are responsible for unloading qualified automobile parts. When the conveyor belt 202 on the side away from the gantry 501 conveys the parts, there is always a group of slots 305 of the plug rod 304 corresponding to the automobile parts on the conveyor belt 202. With the rotation of the conveyor belt 202, the automobile parts are inserted into the inside of the slots 305 on the plug rod 304. The second motor 302 is further started to realize that it drives the connecting shaft 303 to rotate. The control device controls the rotation angle of the connecting shaft 303 to correspond to the distance between the two plug rods 304, that is, it is realized that there are always two plug rods 304 located at the bottom of the camera 407. With the rotation of the connecting shaft 303, the connecting shaft 303 is rotated by the second motor 302. The rotation of the connecting shaft 303 always keeps two automobile parts in a relative state, that is, it realizes the defect detection of the relative surfaces of the two automobile parts at the same time, and the detection of the two sides of a component is completed only when the component rotates to correspond to the push plate 507. In addition, when loading, the depth of the slot 305 and the distance between the camera 407 and the component can be adjusted according to the width of the automobile component. When adjusting the depth of the slot 305, the screw 306 on the connecting shaft 303 is rotated to realize the lifting and lowering of the adjustment plate 307 inside the slot 305, so that parts of different widths can be loaded. When adjusting the height of the camera 407, the sliding rod 402 is pressed to realize the contraction of the first spring 404. At this time, the bolt 405 descends, and the nut 409 is rotated to shorten the length of the bolt 405 between the limit ring 403 and the baffle 408. The bolt 405 is tightened by the nut 409 to shorten the distance between the camera 407 and the component, and vice versa, the distance between the two is increased, so that the position of the camera 407 is adjusted according to the width of the component, and the rotation of the connecting shaft 303 is not blocked.

[0035] Then, when the camera 407 detects that the automobile parts have surface fractures or rust, the second motor 302 can stop rotating, increasing the dwell time of the insertion rod 304, and further starting the second motor 608 to rotate forward and reverse can realize that it drives the second screw 602 to rotate inside the slide rail 601. With the forward and reverse rotation of the second screw 602, the slide 604 moves forward and backward inside the slide rail 601, and the position of the marker 607 at the bottom of the hydraulic rod 606 is adjusted, so that the defective area on the parts can be quickly found, and the first motor 603 is started to realize that the rotating rod 605 rotates to drive the hydraulic rod 606 vertically, and the hydraulic rod 606 is started to realize that the marker 607 descends and conflicts with the parts on the insertion rod 304, completing the horizontal marking of the defective position, and can extend itself horizontally and vertically according to the marking point, so that the inspector can quickly find the defective position for repair, and when the marking is completed, the first motor 603 can be started to drive the rotating rod 605 to rotate 90 degrees to realize the horizontal position of the hydraulic rod 606, so as not to affect the rotation of the parts;

[0036] Finally, when the parts rotate to the push plate 507, the defects on both sides are detected. If cracks and rust defects are found on one side of the parts, the second motor 302 stops rotating at this time, and the third motor 502 is started to realize that the first screw 503 drives the slider 504 to slide on the gantry 501. As the slider 504 moves toward the slot 305, the push plate 507 located on the side of the fixed plate 505 pushes the parts inside the slot 305. As the push plate 507 moves, the parts move along the adjustment plate 307 toward the guide seat 701. When the parts are withdrawn to the slide plate 702, the unqualified parts are unloaded, and the third motor 502 is reversed to realize the reset of the slider 504. Then the reset of the push plate 507 will not affect the rotation of the insertion rod 304. Qualified parts can move to the conveyor belt 202 on the other bracket 1 as the connecting shaft 303 rotates. When the parts rotate to be flush with the conveyor belt 202, they will be unloaded as the conveyor belt 202 rotates.

[0037] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0038] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A surface defect detection structure for automotive parts based on machine vision, characterized in that: The invention comprises two groups of brackets (1), two conveying mechanisms (2) mounted on the two groups of brackets (1), a turning mechanism (3) fixed to the two brackets (1) for turning over automobile parts is arranged between the two conveying mechanisms (2), a detection mechanism (4) is arranged between the two brackets (1), a pushing mechanism (5) for pushing unqualified products is installed on one of the conveying mechanisms (2), and a guiding mechanism (7) for assisting material unloading is arranged on the detection mechanism (4); The flip mechanism (3) comprises two mounting frames (301), the two mounting frames (301) are relatively fixedly connected between the two brackets (1), a connecting shaft (303) is rotatably connected between the two mounting frames (301), a second motor (302) is installed on one of the mounting frames (301), the second motor (302) is cooperatively connected to the connecting shaft (303), two groups of insertion rods (304) are relatively fixed at equal distances on the connecting shaft (303), and a slot (305) is provided on the insertion rod (304), and the detection mechanism (4 ) comprises a side frame (401), wherein a side frame (401) is fixed on one of the mounting frames (301), a sliding rod (402) is slidably connected to the side frame (401), a limiting ring (403) is fixed on the sliding rod (402), a first spring (404) is clamped between the side frame (401) and the limiting ring (403), a top rod (406) located between two insertion rods (304) is fixed on the top of the sliding rod (402), and a camera (407) located at the center of the two insertion rods (304) is installed on the top rod (406).

2. The surface defect detection structure for automotive parts based on machine vision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cross section of the insertion rod (304) is in a U-shaped structure, and the space between two adjacent insertion rods (304) is in an inverted eight-shaped structure. The top rod (406) is located at the center position between the two adjacent insertion rods (304) on the top surface of the connecting shaft (303).

3. The surface defect detection structure for automotive parts based on machine vision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The flip mechanism (3) further comprises a screw (306) and an adjustment plate (307), and an adjustment plate (307) placed inside the slot (305) is provided between multiple sets of two opposite insertion rods (304), and the bottoms of multiple adjustment plates (307) are rotatably connected to a screw (306) threadedly connected to the connecting shaft (303).

4. The surface defect detection structure for automotive parts based on machine vision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The detection mechanism (4) further comprises a bolt (405) and a baffle (408); the bolt (405) is rotatably connected to the limit ring (403); a baffle (408) having a U-shaped cross section is fixed to the side of the side frame (401); the bolt (405) passes through the baffle (408); a nut (409) is threadedly connected to the bolt (405) and contacts the baffle (408).

5. The machine vision-based surface defect detection structure for automotive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism (2) comprises a rotating shaft (201), two groups of rotating shafts (201) are connected to the two brackets (1) for relative rotation, the two rotating shafts (201) on the same side are connected to a conveyor belt (202), a connecting shaft (203) is fixed between two opposite rotating shafts (201) on the two brackets (1), a first motor (204) is installed on the two brackets (1), and the two first motors (204) are fixed to the two connecting shafts (203), and the slots (305) on the two groups of insertion rods (304) are respectively flush with the surfaces of the two groups of conveyor belts (202).

6. The machine vision-based surface defect detection structure for automotive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing mechanism (5) comprises a gantry (501), wherein the gantry (501) is fixed on one of the brackets (1), a first screw rod (503) is rotatably connected to the gantry (501), a third motor (502) fixed to the first screw rod (503) is installed on the gantry (501), a slider (504) threadedly connected to the first screw rod (503) is slidably connected inside the gantry (501), and a fixing plate (505) corresponding to a slot (305) on one of the insertion rods (304) is obliquely fixed on the side wall of the slider (504).

7. The machine vision-based surface defect detection structure for automotive parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pushing mechanism (5) further comprises a guide rod (506), a push plate (507) and a second spring (508); a plurality of guide rods (506) are equidistantly slidably connected to the fixed plate (505); a push plate (507) parallel to the fixed plate (505) is fixedly connected to each of the plurality of guide rods (506); a plurality of second springs (508) wound around the outside of the guide rods (506) are equidistantly arranged between the push plate (507) and the fixed plate (505).

8. The machine vision-based surface defect detection structure for automotive parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The guide mechanism (7) comprises a support (703), the support (703) is fixed on the mounting frame (301), a guide seat (701) opposite to the push plate (507) is fixedly connected to the support (703), and a slide plate (702) is obliquely fixed on the guide seat (701) having a U-shaped cross section.

9. The machine vision-based surface defect detection structure for automotive parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gantry (501) is provided with a marking mechanism (6), and the marking mechanism (6) comprises a slide rail (601), the gantry (501) is fixedly connected with the slide rail (601), the slide rail (601) is slidably connected with a slide seat (604), the slide rail (601) is rotatably connected with a second screw rod (602) threadedly connected to the slide seat (604), the slide rail (601) is installed with a second motor (608), and the second motor (608) is connected to the first screw rod (602) and the second motor (608) is connected to the second screw rod (602). The two screw rods (602) are fixedly connected, and a slide seat (604) threadedly connected to the second screw rod (602) is slidably disposed on the slide rail (601), and a first motor (603) is installed on the slide seat (604), and a rotating rod (605) is connected to the first motor (603), and two hydraulic rods (606) located at the top of two of the insertion rods (304) are installed on the rotating rod (605), and a marking pen (607) is provided at the bottom of each of the hydraulic rods (606).

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