Auxiliary machining device for regulating and controlling axial movement of machine tool spindle

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of deep hole machining, and particularly relates to an auxiliary machining device for regulating and controlling axial movement of a machine tool spindle, which comprises an input shaft connected with the machine tool spindle, an output shaft detachably connected with the input shaft, and an amplitude modulation mechanism arranged between the input shaft and the output shaft; the amplitude modulation mechanism comprises a sine gasket with a first sine curved surface, a retainer with balls and a second sine curved surface arranged on the output shaft; the upper end of the input shaft is connected with a machine tool spindle; the lower end of the input shaft is connected with the plane side of the sine washer; the retainer is arranged between the sine gasket and the output shaft, the upper end of the retainer is opposite to the first sine curved surface side of the sine gasket, the lower end of the retainer is opposite to the second sine curved surface side of the output shaft, and the balls are arranged in through holes of the retainer. Axial vibration capable of controlling the frequency and the amplitude of the tool is applied to the tool in the drilling process, so that regular contact and separation are generated between the tool and a workpiece, and cutting force is evenly distributed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of deep hole processing, and in particular relates to an auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle. Background Art

[0002] In the field of metal processing, deep hole processing plays a very important role. However, traditional drilling methods often face multiple challenges in the process of processing deep holes, especially when processing difficult-to-process materials or needing to manufacture small deep holes with a large aspect ratio. On the one hand, high drilling force is a key factor restricting processing efficiency and precision. High-intensity drilling force not only aggravates the wear of the tool, but also may cause unnecessary deformation of the workpiece, thereby affecting the overall processing quality; on the other hand, the high temperature generated during the drilling process is also a problem that needs to be solved urgently. The high temperature environment not only affects the performance and life of the tool, but also may cause thermal deformation of the workpiece material, thereby destroying the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the hole. In addition, the chip removal problem is also a major obstacle in hole processing. Especially in deep hole processing, the cutting chips are difficult to be effectively discharged and are easy to accumulate in the hole, which not only affects the smooth progress of the processing process, but also may cause damage to the tool and the workpiece. For small deep holes with a large aspect ratio, due to their special structural characteristics, the processing difficulty is greater, the hole accuracy is more difficult to guarantee, and the tool life is correspondingly reduced. These problems together lead to low drilling efficiency and rising process costs. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle, which can be directly installed on the spindle. The rotation of the spindle drives the device to rotate while performing low-frequency axial vibration. The vibration amplitude can be adjusted and the operation is convenient, which effectively solves the problem that long chips are difficult to remove during workpiece processing, affecting the processing accuracy. The device has the advantages of reasonable and simple structure, easy disassembly and assembly, and stable amplitude change.

[0004] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] An auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle comprises an input shaft connected to the machine tool spindle, an output shaft detachably connected to the input shaft, and an amplitude modulation mechanism arranged between the input shaft and the output shaft.

[0006] Optionally, the amplitude modulation mechanism includes a sinusoidal washer with a first sinusoidal surface, a retainer with a ball, and a second sinusoidal surface arranged on the output shaft; the upper end of the input shaft is connected to the machine tool spindle, and the lower end of the input shaft is connected to the plane side of the sinusoidal washer; the retainer is arranged between the sinusoidal washer and the output shaft, the upper end of the retainer is opposite to the first sinusoidal surface side of the sinusoidal washer, and the lower end of the retainer is opposite to the second sinusoidal surface side of the output shaft, and the ball is arranged in the through hole of the retainer, and the diameter of the ball is greater than the thickness of the retainer; when not in working state, the ball fits the first sinusoidal surface or the second sinusoidal surface, and the distance from the non-fitting sinusoidal surface is an amplitude.

[0007] Optionally, tracks are provided on the sinusoidal washer and the output shaft respectively, the track surface on the sinusoidal washer and the track surface on the output shaft are a first sinusoidal curved surface and a second sinusoidal curved surface, and the depth of the track is smaller than the radius of the ball.

[0008] Optionally, the sinusoidal gasket has the same number of periods as the sinusoidal curve formed in the output shaft; the sinusoidal gasket and the output shaft are both detachable and replaceable components; the retaining frame has a plurality of through holes, the number of through holes is the same as the number of balls, and the number of balls is a multiple of the number of periods of the sinusoidal surface.

[0009] Optionally, the top end of the output shaft is connected to the bottom end of the input shaft via a bolt, the output shaft and the input shaft are coaxially arranged, and a spring washer is provided between the bolt and the output shaft.

[0010] Optionally, it also includes a shell, which has a groove and an assembly path, and the shell is mounted from bottom to top on the outer side of the output shaft, the retaining frame and the lower end of the sinusoidal washer through the assembly path; the shell and the sinusoidal washer and the output shaft are clearance-fitted; the outer side of the retaining frame is provided with a protrusion protruding from the sinusoidal washer and the output shaft, and the groove and the protrusion of the retaining frame are interference-fitted.

[0011] Optionally, a stopping device is also included, which includes an annular structure fixedly connected to the outer shell by bolts; an outward protrusion is provided on the annular structure; the outward protrusion is clamped with a stop block on the machine tool; and an adjustment handle is detachably connected to the outer side of the sinusoidal washer.

[0012] Optionally, a slot is provided at the outer upper end of the sinusoidal gasket, which is used to adjust the handle to fit into the slot to adjust the rotation of the sinusoidal gasket; the amplitude range of the amplitude modulation mechanism is 0mm-0.2mm.

[0013] Optionally, the lower end of the output shaft is detachably connected to a chuck machine tool device for clamping a tool, the chuck machine tool device is cylindrical, a retaining spring is embedded inside the chuck machine tool device, and the chuck machine tool device and the retaining spring are connected via a chuck nut; the tool is clamped on the retaining spring.

[0014] Optionally, the lower end of the input shaft is engraved with a gear scale, and the sine washer is marked with a gear scale, and the amplitude is adjusted by adjusting the gear scales on the input shaft and the sine washer.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] The present invention applies an axial vibration with controllable frequency and amplitude to the tool during the drilling process, thereby changing the force of the tool on the workpiece surface, causing regular contact and separation between the tool and the workpiece, and making the cutting force more evenly distributed, thereby changing the traditional continuous drilling into intermittent drilling. This effectively reduces the drilling force, reduces the drilling temperature, improves the cutting surface quality, and helps chip removal, and is particularly suitable for difficult-to-process materials and small deep hole processing. Vibration drilling can expand the processing range and is suitable for the processing of different materials and complex shapes. By adjusting the amplitude, the cutting parameters can be adapted to different processing requirements. The present invention can also improve processing accuracy and extend the tool life, thereby improving processing efficiency and reducing processing costs. The present invention can adjust the amplitude when the tool speed remains unchanged. During the cutting process, the amplitude is adjusted according to the hardness of the processed material. For materials with higher hardness, a larger amplitude is used, and for materials with lower hardness, a smaller amplitude is used, thereby optimizing the cutting process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device of the present invention after removing the outer shell;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sinusoidal gasket with a first sinusoidal curved surface in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the output shaft with a second sinusoidal surface in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the retainer in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the housing in the present invention;

[0023] In the figure: 1, retaining ring; 2, collet nut; 3, collet machine tool device; 4, output shaft; 5, retaining frame; 6, sinusoidal washer; 7, input shaft; 8, housing; 9, ball; 10, stop device; 11, spring washer; 12, bolt; 41, second sinusoidal surface; 61, first sinusoidal surface; 62, adjustment handle; 51, protrusion; 52, through hole; 81, assembly channel; 82, groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the technical solutions and effects of the present invention are described in detail below through specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figure 1-6 As shown, this embodiment discloses an auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle, comprising an input shaft 7 connected to the machine tool spindle, an output shaft 4 detachably connected to the input shaft 7, and an amplitude modulation mechanism arranged between the input shaft 7 and the output shaft 4. The top end of the output shaft 4 is connected to the bottom end of the input shaft 7 by a bolt 12, the output shaft 4 is coaxially arranged with the input shaft 7, and a spring washer 11 is further arranged between the bolt 12 and the output shaft 4.

[0026] In this embodiment, by controlling the amplitude modulation mechanism, an axial vibration with controllable frequency and amplitude is applied to the tool, which can change the force of the tool on the workpiece surface, so that regular contact and separation occur between the tool and the workpiece, thereby performing intermittent drilling.

[0027] The amplitude modulation mechanism includes a sinusoidal washer 6 with a first sinusoidal surface 61, a retainer 5 with a ball 9, and a second sinusoidal surface 41 arranged on the output shaft 4; the upper end of the input shaft 7 is connected to the machine tool spindle. The input shaft 7 in this embodiment is improved according to the BT-50 tool handle and has the same structure as the part where the BT-50 tool handle is connected to the pneumatic clamp of the CNC machine tool; that is, the input shaft 7 as a tool handle can be connected to the CNC machine tool spindle through the pneumatic clamp of the CNC machine tool, and the BT-50 tool handle can be adapted to general machine tools; the lower end of the input shaft 7 is connected to the plane side of the sinusoidal washer 6 through a spline ; The retainer 5 is arranged between the sinusoidal washer 6 and the output shaft 4, the upper end of the retainer 5 is opposite to the first sinusoidal surface 61 side of the sinusoidal washer 6, and the lower end of the retainer 5 is opposite to the second sinusoidal surface 41 side of the output shaft 4. The ball 9 is arranged in the through hole 52 of the retainer 5 and can rotate freely in the through hole 52. The diameter of the ball 9 is greater than the thickness of the retainer 5; the distance from the first sinusoidal surface 61 to the second sinusoidal surface 41 is the sum of the diameter and amplitude of the ball 9. When not in operation, the ball 9 fits the first sinusoidal surface 61 or the second sinusoidal surface 41, and the distance from the non-fitting sinusoidal surface is one amplitude.

[0028] Tracks are provided on the sinusoidal washer 6 and the output shaft 4 respectively. The track surface of the sinusoidal washer 6 and the track surface on the output shaft 4 are the first sinusoidal curved surface 61 and the second sinusoidal curved surface 41. The depth of the track is smaller than the radius of the ball 9. The ball 9 rolls in the track, and the position of the ball 9 is limited by the retaining frame 5, so that the ball 9 can only roll within the limited range of the retaining frame 5.

[0029] In this embodiment, the retainer 5 plays the role of maintaining the spacing between the balls 9 and limiting their movement. The balls 9 roll back and forth between the first and second sinusoidal surfaces 41 to generate axial displacement and vibration. In the present invention, the amplitude can be adjusted by adjusting the relative position of the sinusoidal washer 6 and the output shaft 4. During operation, due to the phase difference between the first sinusoidal surface 61 and the second sinusoidal surface 41, axial low-frequency vibration is generated. The phase difference between the two surfaces is adjusted to change the amplitude and frequency.

[0030] The sinusoidal gasket 6 and the output shaft 4 are both detachable and replaceable components; by replacing the sinusoidal gasket 6 and the output shaft 4 with different periods and amplitudes, the amplitude and frequency of the device can be changed; the function expression of the sine curve is: A is the amplitude of the sine curve, ω is the period of the sine curve, is the phase angle of the sine curve; in this embodiment, A is 0.01mm, and the amplitude range of the amplitude modulation mechanism is 0-2A, that is, 0mm-0.2mm; when replacing different washers, it is necessary to keep the period number ω of the sine curve in the sinusoidal washer 6 with the first sinusoidal surface 61 and the output shaft 4 with the second sinusoidal surface 41 the same.

[0031] The retaining frame 5 has a plurality of through holes 52, the number of the through holes 52 is the same as the number of the balls 9, the number of the balls 9 is a multiple of the period number ω of the sine surface, and in this embodiment, the diameter of the balls 9 is 6 mm, which is much larger than the amplitude.

[0032] In this embodiment, the lower end of the input shaft 7 is marked with a 0 gear position, and the sine washer 6 is marked with a 0 gear position. When the 0 gear position on the sine washer 6 coincides with the 0 gear position on the input shaft 7, it is recorded as the 0th gear. At this time, the phase difference between the first sine surface 61 and the second sine surface 41 is is 0°, in which case the tool holder does not generate low-frequency vibration during processing, that is, the 0th gear is an ordinary tool holder shape; the setting of the subsequent six gears on the sine washer 6 depends on the period of the sine washer 6, for example, the period number ω of the sine washer 6 is 3, the number of through holes 52 is a multiple of 3, and the number of through holes 52 in this embodiment is 3, and the interval from the minimum amplitude to the maximum amplitude is π / ω=π / 3=60°, 60° is divided into six gears, and each gear is spaced 10° apart; when the 6th gear on the sine washer 6 coincides with the 0th gear on the input shaft 7, it is recorded as the 6th gear, and at this time the phase difference between the first sinusoidal surface 61 and the second sinusoidal surface 41 is The angle of the toolholder is 180°. In this case, the amplitude of the toolholder during cutting is the largest, which is 0.02mm. The amplitude can be changed by adjusting the gear to change the phase difference. The larger the amplitude, the greater the impact force. In order to break the long chips into triangular chips for easy removal during processing, a larger amplitude is used when facing materials with higher hardness.

[0033] The device also includes a housing 8, in which a groove 82 and an assembly path 81 are provided. The housing 8 can be sleeved from bottom to top on the outer side of the output shaft 4, the retainer 5 and the lower end of the sine washer 6 through the assembly path 81; the housing 8 is clearance-matched with the sine washer and the output shaft 4; a protrusion 51 protruding from the sine washer 6 and the output shaft 4 is provided on the outer side of the retainer 5, and the groove 82 is interference-fitted with the protrusion 51 of the retainer 5. The retainer 5 is fixed during operation, and the housing 8 and the retainer 5 are interference-fitted through the assembly path 81 to limit the freedom of rotation in space.

[0034] The device also includes a stopping device 10, which includes an annular structure fixedly connected to the outer shell 8 by bolts; an outward protrusion is provided on the annular structure, and a stop block with a clamping groove is fixed to the upper end of the machine tool by bolts, and the outward protrusion is clamped in the clamping groove of the stop block to ensure that the stopping device 10 does not rotate with the rotation of the machine tool spindle; the stopping device 10 limits the rotation of the outer shell 8, thereby limiting the rotation of the retaining frame 5 but not limiting the movement of the outer shell 8.

[0035] The outer upper end of the sinusoidal washer 6 is detachably connected with an adjusting handle 62. Specifically, a slot is provided at the outer upper end of the sinusoidal washer 6 for the adjusting handle 62 to be inserted into the slot. When adjusting the amplitude, the adjusting handle 62 is used to insert its corresponding position into the slot of the sinusoidal washer 6. The adjusting handle 62 is rotated to drive the sinusoidal washer 6 to rotate to select the amplitude gear.

[0036] The lower end of the output shaft 4 is detachably connected to a chuck machine tool device 3 for clamping a tool. The chuck machine tool device 3 is cylindrical. This embodiment adopts an ER chuck machine tool device 3. An ER32 retaining spring 1 is embedded in the ER chuck machine tool device 3. The ER chuck machine tool device 3 and the ER32 retaining spring 1 are connected via an ER32 chuck nut 2. The tool is clamped on the ER32 retaining spring 1.

[0037] The working process of the present invention is as follows: the gear position is set according to the drilling needs, so that the gear position of the sine washer 6 coincides with the gear position on the input shaft 7, the minimum amplitude is 0mm, that is, the ordinary tool holder state, and the maximum amplitude is 0.02mm; then, the input shaft 7 is connected to the CNC machine tool spindle through the pneumatic clamp on the CNC machine tool, and the rotation of the machine tool spindle drives the input shaft 7 to rotate, and drives the output shaft 4 with the second sine surface 41 to rotate. The sine washer 6 with the first sine surface 61, the chuck machine tool device 3 for clamping the tool, the retaining ring 1, the chuck nut 2 and the tool will also rotate with the coaxial line. When the device rotates, the ball 9 rolls in the retaining frame 5 and moves axially back and forth between the first sinusoidal surface 61 and the second sinusoidal surface 41, causing the device to vibrate. The first sinusoidal surface 61 and the second sinusoidal surface 41 have the same number of periods, and the vibrations generated by the two can be superimposed. The superimposed vibration curve is still a sinusoidal curve, which in turn applies an axial vibration with controllable frequency and amplitude to the tool, thereby changing the force of the tool on the workpiece surface, causing regular contact and separation between the tool and the workpiece, thereby performing intermittent drilling.

Claims

1. An auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle, characterized in that: The invention comprises an input shaft connected to a main shaft of a machine tool, an output shaft detachably connected to the input shaft, and an amplitude modulation mechanism arranged between the input shaft and the output shaft.

2. The auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amplitude modulation mechanism includes a sine washer with a first sine surface, a retainer with a ball, and a second sine surface arranged on the output shaft; the upper end of the input shaft is connected to the main shaft of the machine tool, and the lower end of the input shaft is connected to the plane side of the sine washer; the retainer is arranged between the sine washer and the output shaft, the upper end of the retainer is opposite to the first sine surface side of the sine washer, and the lower end of the retainer is opposite to the second sine surface side of the output shaft, and the ball is arranged in the through hole of the retainer, and the diameter of the ball is greater than the thickness of the retainer; when not in operation, the ball fits the first sine surface or the second sine surface, and the distance from the non-fitting sine surface is an amplitude.

3. The auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: Tracks are respectively arranged on the sinusoidal washer and the output shaft. The track surface on the sinusoidal washer and the track surface on the output shaft are a first sinusoidal curved surface and a second sinusoidal curved surface. The depth of the track is smaller than the radius of the ball.

4. The auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sinusoidal gasket has the same period number as the sinusoidal curve formed in the output shaft; the sinusoidal gasket and the output shaft are both detachable and replaceable components; the retaining frame has a plurality of through holes, the number of through holes is the same as the number of balls, and the number of balls is a multiple of the period number of the sinusoidal surface.

5. The auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the output shaft is connected to the bottom end of the input shaft through a bolt, the output shaft and the input shaft are coaxially arranged, and a spring washer is arranged between the bolt and the output shaft.

6. The auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a shell, which is provided with a groove and an assembly path. The shell is sleeved from bottom to top on the outer side of the output shaft, the retaining frame and the lower end of the sine washer through the assembly path; the shell is clearance-matched with the sine washer and the output shaft; the outer side of the retaining frame is provided with a protrusion protruding from the sine washer and the output shaft, and the groove is interference-fitted with the protrusion of the retaining frame.

7. The auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a stopping device, which includes an annular structure fixedly connected to the shell by bolts; an outward protrusion is provided on the annular structure; the outward protrusion is clamped with a stop block on the machine tool; and an adjustment handle is detachably connected to the outer side of the sinusoidal washer.

8. The auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to claim 7, characterized in that: A slot is provided at the upper outer end of the sinusoidal gasket, which is used to adjust the handle to fit into the slot so as to adjust the rotation of the sinusoidal gasket; the amplitude range of the amplitude modulation mechanism is 0mm-0.2mm.

9. The auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the output shaft is detachably connected to a chuck machine tool device for clamping a tool, the chuck machine tool device is cylindrical, a retaining spring is embedded inside the chuck machine tool device, and the chuck machine tool device and the retaining spring are connected via a chuck nut; The tool is clamped on the retaining ring.

10. The auxiliary processing device for regulating the axial movement of a machine tool spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower end of the input shaft is engraved with a gear scale, and the sine washer is marked with a gear scale. The amplitude is adjusted by adjusting the gear scales on the input shaft and the sine washer.

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