A removable and recyclable anchor rod and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses a detachable and recoverable anchor rod and a construction method thereof. The detachable and recoverable anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body, an outer tube, a positioning tube arranged inside the outer tube, an inner tube slidably connected to the inside of the positioning tube, an internal pressure piece slidably connected to the inside of the inner tube, and an external pressure piece threadedly connected to the tube mouth of the outer tube; a first elastic piece and a second elastic piece are arranged on the inner bottom wall of the outer tube, a plurality of locking beads are arranged between the positioning tube and the inner tube, a plurality of through holes for accommodating the locking beads are radially penetrated through the tube wall of the inner tube, and an avoidance groove is arranged on the inner wall of the positioning tube; a locking piece is arranged between the external pressure piece and the anchor rod body; a limiting ring is arranged on the outer periphery of the end portion of the anchor rod, and the locking ball cooperates with the limiting ring to achieve the purpose of locking the end portion of the anchor rod. When disassembling the anchor rod, it is only necessary to rotate the anchor rod body to disassemble the external pressure piece, and the anchor rod body pops out of the outer tube under the action of the second elastic piece, thereby achieving the purpose of quick disassembly of the anchor rod, so as to recover the anchor rod body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, and in particular to a detachable and recyclable anchor rod and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a key support method in geotechnical engineering, the development trend of anchor support technology is becoming increasingly obvious with the continuous advancement of engineering construction. On the one hand, anchor support technology needs to continuously improve the support effect to meet the engineering needs under complex geological conditions; on the other hand, with the enhancement of environmental awareness, anchor support technology also needs to develop in a green and sustainable direction.

[0003] In the related technology, the anchor rod structure is mainly composed of the anchor rod body, anchor head, etc. The anchor rod body is usually a steel with high strength and tensile resistance. The anchor head is used to fix the anchor rod in the surrounding rock. The anchor rod is a tensile member deep in the stratum, one end of which is connected to the engineering structure and the other end is deep in the stratum. The whole anchor rod is divided into a free section and an anchoring section. The free section is responsible for transmitting the tension at the anchor rod head to the anchor body, and the anchoring section bonds the prestressed tendons to the soil layer through cement slurry, thereby increasing the bonding and friction between the anchor body and the soil layer and improving the overall stability of the support structure.

[0004] Regarding the above-mentioned related technologies, the applicant believes that there are the following defects: after the support of the traditional anchor structure is completed, the anchor body is usually unable to be recovered and is left underground to form an obstacle. This not only occupies underground space resources, but may also cause inconvenience and safety hazards to subsequent underground projects, so there is still room for improvement. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to facilitate the recovery of the anchor rod, the present application provides a detachable and recoverable anchor rod and a construction method thereof.

[0006] The present application provides a detachable and recyclable anchor rod and a construction method thereof, which adopts the following technical solutions: A detachable and recyclable anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body, an outer tube, a positioning tube arranged inside the outer tube, an inner tube slidably connected to the inside of the positioning tube, an internal pressure piece slidably connected to the inside of the inner tube, and an external pressure piece threadedly connected to the tube mouth of the outer tube; The axes of the outer cylinder, the positioning cylinder and the inner cylinder coincide with each other and the cylinder openings are aligned. The inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder is provided with a first elastic member and a second elastic member. The first elastic member is used to drive the inner cylinder to move toward the cylinder opening of the outer cylinder, and the second elastic member is used to drive the inner pressure member to move toward the cylinder opening of the outer cylinder. A plurality of locking beads are arranged between the positioning tube and the inner tube, a plurality of through holes for accommodating the locking beads are radially penetrated through the tube wall of the inner tube, and the plurality of through holes correspond to the plurality of locking beads one by one, and an avoidance groove is arranged on the inner wall of the positioning tube; in the unassembled state of the anchor rod, the avoidance groove is aligned with the outer opening of the through hole, the inner pressure piece is sealed at the inner opening of the through hole, and the locking beads are partially placed in the avoidance groove; a locking piece is arranged between the outer pressure piece and the anchor rod body; A limiting ring is provided on the outer periphery of the anchor rod end portion, and in the assembled state of the anchor rod, the end portion of the anchor rod body is inserted into the inner tube and forces the inner pressure piece to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube, and the inner pressure piece opens the inner opening of the through hole; the outer pressure piece follows the anchor rod body and is inserted into the positioning tube and forces the inner tube to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube, and the inner tube drives the locking bead to move downward and leave the avoidance groove, and the locking bead partially moves out of the inner opening of the through hole and abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the anchor rod body, and the locking bead is located in the direction of the limiting ring toward the outer tube mouth, and the locking bead cooperates with the limiting ring to achieve the purpose of locking the anchor rod end portion.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the outer tube is used as a disposable component to anchor the components at the construction location, the positioning tube and the inner tube are slidably mounted, and the tube mouths are kept aligned, and the first elastic member and the second elastic member are respectively used to force the inner tube and the internal pressure member to gather at the tube mouth of the outer tube. At this time, the avoidance groove of the inner peripheral wall of the positioning tube is aligned with the outer opening of the through hole, and the internal pressure member is blocked at the inner opening of the through hole, and the lock bead is partially placed in the avoidance groove. When the end of the anchor rod body is inserted into the inner tube, the end of the anchor rod body forces the internal pressure member to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube. At this time, the internal pressure member opens the inner opening of the through hole, and then the external pressure member is inserted into the positioning tube to force the inner tube to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube. At this time, the inner tube drives the lock bead to move down and leave the avoidance groove. The lock bead partially moves out from the inner opening of the through hole and abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the anchor rod body. At this time, the lock bead is located on the side of the limit ring facing the tube mouth of the outer tube. The lock bead cooperates with the limit ring to lock the end of the anchor rod. When the anchor rod body is under tension The locking bead is transmitted to the outer tube structure through the external pressure piece, thereby evenly transmitting the pulling force to the entire outer tube, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the anchor rod. When disassembling the anchor rod, you only need to rotate the anchor rod body and drive the external pressure piece to rotate to disassemble the external pressure piece. After the pressure of the external pressure piece is removed, the anchor rod body pops out of the outer tube under the action of the second elastic piece, thereby achieving the purpose of quick disassembly of the anchor rod, which is beneficial to improving the overall recycling rate and installation efficiency of the anchor rod.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting ring is provided with a chamfered surface on the side facing the outer cylinder opening and the side facing the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when installing the anchor rod body, the beveled surface at one end of the limit ring comes into contact with the locking bead so as to push the locking bead into the avoidance groove. When the limit ring is in place inside the inner tube, the locking bead reaches the beveled surface at the other end and has a limiting effect on the limit ring, which is beneficial to improving the smoothness of anchor rod assembly.

[0010] Preferably, the external pressure piece includes a pressure plate and a sleeve vertically arranged at the end surface of the pressure plate. When the external pressure piece is installed at the mouth of the outer cylinder, the sleeve is inserted into the inner part of the outer cylinder and presses the inner cylinder toward the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder, and the pressure plate is locked outside the mouth of the outer cylinder.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the sleeve is extended into the outer tube to squeeze the tube mouth position of the inner tube, thereby realizing the driving of the inner tube outside the outer tube, and the force is transmitted to the pressure plate located outside through the sleeve, which is beneficial to improving the structural stability and tensile resistance of the anchor rod.

[0012] Preferably, the pressure plate is provided with a mounting hole through which the anchor rod body passes.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, a mounting hole is opened at the pressure plate to facilitate the passage of the anchor rod body, which is beneficial to improving the structural compactness of the detachable and recyclable anchor rod.

[0014] Preferably, the locking element is a compression ring fixed to the outer periphery of the end of the anchor rod body, and the compression ring is located on the side of the pressure plate away from the outer tube and seals the mounting hole.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, a pressure ring is set at the end of the anchor rod body. When the anchor rod body is installed, the pressure ring is also used to drive the pressure plate to rotate, so as to drive the sleeve to be inserted into the outer tube, so as to achieve the synchronous completion of the assembly action of the external pressure piece and the anchor rod body, which is beneficial to improve the installation efficiency of the detachable and recyclable anchor rod. The pressure ring seals the installation hole, which is beneficial to reduce the probability of mud, sand and other debris entering the outer tube.

[0016] Preferably, the first elastic member is a first spring, which is arranged between the inner bottom wall of the outer tube and the end of the inner tube; the second elastic member is a second spring, which is arranged between the inner bottom wall of the outer tube and the internal pressure member, when the end of the anchor rod body is inserted into the inner tube, the second spring is compressed and stores energy, and when the external pressure member is installed to the tube mouth of the outer tube, the first spring is compressed and stores energy; when the external pressure member is unlocked from the outer tube, the inner tube pushes the external pressure member out to the outside of the outer tube under the elastic force of the first spring, and the internal pressure member pushes the anchor rod body out to the outside of the outer tube under the elastic force of the second spring.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the first spring and the second spring respectively drive the inner cylinder and the inner pressure piece to move toward the cylinder mouth of the outer cylinder, which is beneficial to improving the movement stability of the inner pressure piece and the inner cylinder.

[0018] Preferably, an accommodating hole for accommodating the second spring is formed at one end of the inner pressure member facing the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, a receiving hole is opened at the end of the internal pressure piece to accommodate the second spring, which has a limiting effect on the second spring, so that the elastic force direction of the second spring and the sliding direction of the internal pressure piece are consistent, which is beneficial to improving the movement stability of the internal pressure piece.

[0020] A construction method of a detachable and recyclable anchor rod comprises the following steps: S1: Assemble the removable and retrievable anchor bolt; S2: Pressing and placing the detachable and recyclable anchor bolt: drilling a hole at the anchoring position of the rock mass to form a connection hole, and then sleeve a casing around the outer periphery of the anchor bolt body, and the end of the casing is fixedly connected to the outer tube to wrap the external pressure piece and the anchor bolt body inside the casing, and then the outer tube of the detachable and recyclable anchor bolt, the anchor bolt body and the casing are installed together into the connection hole; S3: Anchor grouting construction: Then grouting is poured into the connection hole, the outer tube and casing are buried in the connection hole, and the anchor installation is completed; S4: Anchor rod recovery: When recovering the anchor rod, rotate the anchor rod body and drive the external pressure piece to rotate. When the external pressure piece is unlocked from the outer tube, the inner tube pushes the external pressure piece out of the outer tube under the elastic force of the first spring, and the inner pressure piece pushes the anchor rod body out of the outer tube under the elastic force of the second spring; then pull out the anchor rod body to achieve the recovery purpose of the anchor rod body.

[0021] By adopting the above technical scheme, when the anchor rod body is pulled, the force is dispersed to the connection between the anchor rod body and the external pressure piece and between the limit ring and the locking bead. The locking bead is transmitted to the outer tube structure through the external pressure piece, thereby evenly transmitting the pulling force to the entire outer tube, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the anchor rod. When disassembling the anchor rod, it is only necessary to rotate the anchor rod body and drive the external pressure piece to rotate to disassemble the external pressure piece. After the pressure of the external pressure piece is removed, the anchor rod body pops out of the outer tube under the action of the second elastic piece, thereby achieving the purpose of quick disassembly of the anchor rod, which is beneficial to improving the overall recycling rate and installation efficiency of the anchor rod.

[0022] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. When the end of the anchor rod body is inserted into the inner tube, the end of the anchor rod body forces the inner pressure piece to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube. At this time, the inner pressure piece opens the inner opening of the through hole, and then the outer pressure piece is inserted into the positioning tube to force the inner tube to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube. At this time, the inner tube drives the lock bead to move downward and leave the avoidance groove. The lock bead partially moves out of the inner opening of the through hole and abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the anchor rod body. At this time, the lock bead is located on the side of the limit ring facing the outer tube mouth. The lock bead cooperates with the limit ring to achieve the purpose of locking the end of the anchor rod; 2. When the anchor rod body is pulled, the force is dispersed to the connection between the anchor rod body and the external pressure piece and between the limit ring and the locking bead. The locking bead is transmitted to the outer tube structure through the external pressure piece, so that the pulling force is evenly transmitted to the entire outer tube, which is beneficial to improve the stability of the anchor rod. When removing the anchor rod, it is only necessary to rotate the anchor rod body and drive the external pressure piece to rotate to remove the external pressure piece. After the pressure of the external pressure piece is removed, the anchor rod body pops out of the outer tube under the action of the second elastic member, thereby achieving the purpose of quick removal of the anchor rod, which is beneficial to overall improve the recycling rate and installation efficiency of the anchor rod; 3. A compression ring is arranged at the end of the anchor rod body. When the anchor rod body is installed, the compression ring is also used to drive the pressure plate to rotate, so as to drive the sleeve to be inserted into the outer tube, so as to achieve the synchronous completion of the assembly action of the external pressure piece and the anchor rod body, which is beneficial to improve the installation efficiency of the detachable and recyclable anchor rod. The compression ring seals the installation hole, which is beneficial to reduce the probability of mud, sand and other debris entering the inner part of the outer tube. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the disassembled state of a detachable and recyclable anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly state of a detachable and recyclable anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Anchor rod body; 11. Limiting ring; 12. Pressing ring; 2. Outer tube; 21. Ring groove; 3. Inner tube; 31. Through hole; 4. Internal pressure member; 41. Accommodating hole; 5. External pressure member; 51. Pressure plate; 511. Connecting ring; 512. Mounting hole; 52. Sleeve; 6. Locking bead; 7. First elastic member; 8. Second elastic member; 9. Positioning tube; 91. Avoidance groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is combined with Figure 1-2 This application is described in further detail.

[0027] The present application embodiment discloses a detachable and recyclable anchor rod. Figure 1 and Figure 2 It includes an anchor rod body 1, an outer tube 2, a positioning tube 9 installed inside the outer tube 2, an inner tube 3 slidably connected to the inside of the positioning tube 9, an internal pressure piece 4 slidably connected to the inside of the inner tube 3, and an external pressure piece 5 threadedly connected to the tube mouth of the outer tube 2, and a locking piece is installed between the external pressure piece 5 and the anchor rod body 1.

[0028] Among them, the axes of the outer cylinder 2, the positioning cylinder 9 and the inner cylinder 3 coincide and the cylinder openings are aligned. The inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder 2 is installed with a first elastic member 7 and a second elastic member 8. In this embodiment, the first elastic member 7 is a first spring, which is installed between the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder 2 and the end of the inner cylinder 3. The second elastic member 8 is a second spring, which is installed between the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder 2 and the inner pressure member 4. An accommodating hole 41 for accommodating the second spring is provided at one end of the inner pressure member 4 facing the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder 2. The accommodating hole 41 has a limiting effect on the second spring, so that the elastic force direction of the second spring and the sliding direction of the inner pressure member 4 are consistent, which is conducive to improving the movement stability of the inner pressure member 4.

[0029] When the end of the anchor rod body 1 is inserted into the inner tube 3, the second spring is compressed and stores energy. When the external pressure piece 5 is installed at the tube mouth of the outer tube 2, the first spring is compressed and stores energy. When the external pressure piece 5 is unlocked from the outer tube 2, the first spring drives the inner tube 3 to move toward the tube mouth of the outer tube 2. Under the elastic force of the first spring, the inner tube 3 pushes the external pressure piece 5 out of the outer tube 2. The second spring drives the internal pressure piece 4 to move toward the tube mouth of the outer tube 2. Under the elastic force of the second spring, the internal pressure piece 4 pushes the anchor rod body 1 out of the outer tube 2.

[0030] Specifically, a plurality of locking beads 6 are distributed between the positioning cylinder 9 and the inner cylinder 3, wherein a plurality of through holes 31 for accommodating the locking beads 6 are radially penetrated through the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder 3, and the plurality of through holes 31 correspond one to one to the plurality of locking beads 6, and an annular avoidance groove 91 is provided on the inner wall of the positioning cylinder 9; when the anchor rod is in an unassembled state, the avoidance groove 91 is aligned with the outer opening of the through hole 31, the internal pressure piece 4 is sealed at the inner opening of the through hole 31, and the locking beads 6 are partially positioned in the avoidance groove 91.

[0031] In this embodiment, the external pressure piece 5 includes a pressure plate 51 and a sleeve 52 vertically arranged at the end face of the pressure plate 51. The pressure plate 51 is penetrated with a mounting hole 512 for the anchor rod body 1 to pass through. The locking piece is specifically a pressure ring 12 fixed to the outer periphery of the end of the anchor rod body 1. The pressure ring 12 is fixed to the pressure plate 51 by bolts. The pressure ring 12 is located on the side of the pressure plate 51 away from the outer tube 2 and seals the mounting hole 512. A connecting ring 511 is fixed to the end face of the pressure plate 51. The inner peripheral wall of the connecting ring 511 is provided with an internal thread. The outer tube 2 is provided with an annular groove 21 at the tube mouth. The outer ring side wall of the annular groove 21 is provided with an external thread. The external pressure piece 5 and the outer tube 2 are fixed by the connecting ring 511 being threadedly connected to the annular groove 21.

[0032] A limiting ring 11 is arranged on the outer periphery of the end of the anchor rod. When the anchor rod is assembled, the end of the anchor rod body 1 is inserted into the inner tube 3 and forces the inner pressure piece 4 to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube 2. At the same time, the outer pressure piece 5 follows the anchor rod body 1 and is inserted into the positioning tube 9. The inner pressure piece 4 is squeezed by the anchor rod body 1 and moves downward and opens the inner opening of the through hole 31. When the limiting ring 11 of the anchor rod body 1 passes over the locking bead 6, the end of the sleeve 52 just hits the tube mouth of the inner tube 3. At this time, the anchor rod body 1 continues to be installed, and the sleeve 52 of the outer pressure piece 5 forces the inner tube 3 to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube 2. The inner tube 3 drives the locking bead 6 to move downward and leave the avoidance groove 91. The locking bead 6 partially moves out from the inner opening of the through hole 31 and hits the outer peripheral wall of the anchor rod body 1. The locking bead 6 is always close to the side of the limiting ring 11 facing the tube mouth of the outer tube 2. The locking bead 6 cooperates with the limiting ring 11 to achieve the purpose of locking the end of the anchor rod.

[0033] In this embodiment, the limiting ring 11 is provided with beveled surfaces on the side facing the mouth of the outer tube 2 and on the side facing the inner bottom wall of the outer tube 2. When the anchor rod body 1 is installed, the beveled surface at one end of the limiting ring 11 contacts the locking bead 6 so as to push the locking bead 6 toward the avoidance groove 91. When the limiting ring 11 is in place inside the inner tube 3, the locking bead 6 reaches the beveled surface at the other end and has a limiting effect on the limiting ring 11, which is beneficial to improving the smoothness of the anchor rod assembly.

[0034] The present application also discloses a construction method of a detachable and recyclable anchor rod, comprising the following steps: S1: Assemble the removable and retrievable anchor bolt; S2: Detachable and recyclable anchor rod: Before installing the anchor rod, first drill a hole at the anchor position of the rock mass to form a connection hole. The anchor cable uses a crawler-type special anchor drilling rig. The anchor rod is located in the middle of the connection hole cast-in-place pile. The hole diameter is 150mm. Before constructing the anchor rod, it is clear whether there are underground obstacles around. If there are obstacles, specific treatment measures should be taken during construction. Before grouting, pneumatic hole cleaning is used, and the drilling depth exceeds the designed length by 0.5m to ensure that the anchor rod is pushed in place.

[0035] The drilling method is rotary drilling. During drilling, mud circulation is used to protect the hole. The mud flowing out of the hole mouth is repeatedly circulated to continuously remove the residue. After drilling, the hole is repeatedly cleaned with mud circulation to remove the mud residue and other residues in the hole. In view of the geological characteristics of this project, a three-wing drill bit equipped with a high-pressure mud pump water circulation full-length protection pipe drilling process is adopted.

[0036] Then, a casing is sleeved on the outer periphery of the anchor body 1, and the end of the casing is fixedly connected to the outer tube 2 to wrap the external pressure piece 5 and the anchor body 1 inside the casing, and then the outer tube 2 of the detachable and recyclable anchor, the anchor body 1 and the casing are installed into the connecting hole together. When placing the anchor, prevent twisting and bending. The grouting pipe is placed into the connecting hole together with the anchor, and the end of the pipe is 100mm away from the bottom of the hole. The hole should be cleaned before grouting, and the accumulated water and waste residue in the hole should be discharged. The grouting pipe is located in the gap between the inner wall of the connecting hole and the outer peripheral surface of the casing. When placing the anchor, if the hole wall collapses, the hole should be re-perforated and cleaned. After the anchor is lowered, the hole should be cleaned with air pressure to replace the mud in the hole until clear water flows out of the hole.

[0037] S3: Anchor grouting construction: After the hole is cleaned, connect the grouting pump and the pre-buried grouting pipe, prepare the cement slurry according to the design requirements, and then grout the connection hole. The whole grouting process is continuous, and the grouting pipe is pulled out while grouting. During the cupping process, ensure that the grouting pipe is always in the cement slurry until the cement slurry flows out of the hole. Grouting can be stopped. By adopting the bottom secondary grouting process, 42.5R ordinary silicate cement slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.50-0.55 is pressure-injected. The cement consumption per meter is ≥40kg. Grouting adopts the secondary grouting process: the primary grouting pressure is 0.5-1.0MPa; a stop plug is set at the hole mouth, and the grouting can be stopped only after the slurry overflows from the hole mouth; the second grouting pressure is 2.5MPa, and the second grouting is carried out 4 hours after the first completion. The outlet of the grouting pipe should take a check measure, and the pressure to terminate the grouting is not less than 1.5MPa.

[0038] After grouting is completed, the outer tube 2 and the casing are buried in the connection hole, and the external pressure piece 5 and the anchor body 1 are protected by the casing and do not contact the cement slurry. After the concrete solidifies and forms, the anchor installation is completed, and the design strength of the grouting body is not less than 25MPa. After the anchor cable is grouted, the cement slurry needs to be cured.

[0039] In this embodiment, the anchor rod needs to be tensioned, and the anchor cable tensioning construction can only be carried out when the strength of the anchor rod grouting body reaches 75% of the design value (and no less than 10 days).

[0040] S4: Anchor rod recovery: When recovering the anchor rod, rotate the anchor rod body 1 and drive the external pressure piece 5 to rotate. When the external pressure piece 5 is unlocked from the outer tube 2, the inner tube 3 pushes the external pressure piece 5 out of the outer tube 2 under the elastic force of the first spring, and the internal pressure piece 4 pushes the anchor rod body 1 out of the outer tube 2 under the elastic force of the second spring; then pull out the anchor rod body 1 to achieve the recovery purpose of the anchor rod body 1.

[0041] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A detachable and recyclable anchor rod, characterized in that: The invention comprises an anchor rod body (1), an outer tube (2), a positioning tube (9) arranged inside the outer tube (2), an inner tube (3) slidably connected to the inside of the positioning tube (9), an internal pressure piece (4) slidably connected to the inside of the inner tube (3), and an external pressure piece (5) threadedly connected to the tube mouth of the outer tube (2), wherein a locking piece is arranged between the external pressure piece (5) and the anchor rod body (1); The axes of the outer cylinder (2), the positioning cylinder (9) and the inner cylinder (3) coincide with each other and the cylinder openings are aligned. The inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder (2) is provided with a first elastic member (7) and a second elastic member (8). The first elastic member (7) is used to drive the inner cylinder (3) to move toward the cylinder opening of the outer cylinder (2), and the second elastic member (8) is used to drive the inner pressure member (4) to move toward the cylinder opening of the outer cylinder (2). A plurality of locking beads (6) are arranged between the positioning cylinder (9) and the inner cylinder (3); a plurality of through holes (31) for accommodating the locking beads (6) are radially penetrated through the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder (3); the plurality of through holes (31) correspond to the plurality of locking beads (6) one by one; an avoidance groove (91) is arranged on the inner wall of the positioning cylinder (9); when the anchor rod is not assembled, the avoidance groove (91) is aligned with the outer opening of the through hole (31), the inner pressure member (4) blocks the inner opening of the through hole (31), and the locking beads (6) are partially located in the avoidance groove (91); A limiting ring (11) is arranged on the outer periphery of the end of the anchor rod. When the anchor rod is in the assembled state, the end of the anchor rod body (1) is inserted into the inner tube (3) and forces the inner pressure piece (4) to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube (2). The inner pressure piece (4) opens the inner opening of the through hole (31). The outer pressure piece (5) follows the anchor rod body (1) and is inserted into the positioning tube (9) and forces the inner tube (3) to move toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube (2). The inner tube (3) drives the locking ball (6) to move downward and leave the avoidance groove (91). The locking ball (6) partially moves out from the inner opening of the through hole (31) and abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the anchor rod body (1). The locking ball (6) is located in the direction of the limiting ring (11) toward the tube mouth of the outer tube (2). The locking ball (6) cooperates with the limiting ring (11) to achieve the purpose of locking the end of the anchor rod.

2. The detachable and recyclable anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the limiting ring (11) facing the opening of the outer cylinder (2) and the side facing the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder (2) are both provided with chamfered surfaces.

3. The detachable and recyclable anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external pressure piece (5) comprises a pressure plate (51) and a sleeve (52) vertically arranged at the end surface of the pressure plate (51). When the external pressure piece (5) is installed at the tube mouth of the outer tube (2), the sleeve (52) is inserted into the interior of the outer tube (2) and presses the inner tube (3) toward the inner bottom wall of the outer tube (2), and the pressure plate (51) is locked outside the tube mouth of the outer tube (2).

4. The detachable and recyclable anchor rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure plate (51) is provided with a mounting hole (512) through which the anchor rod body (1) passes.

5. The detachable and recyclable anchor rod according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locking element is a pressure ring (12) fixed to the outer periphery of the end of the anchor rod body (1), the pressure ring (12) is fixedly connected to the pressure plate (51), and the pressure ring (12) is located on the side of the pressure plate (51) away from the outer tube (2) and seals the installation hole (512).

6. The detachable and recyclable anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first elastic member (7) is a first spring, which is arranged between the inner bottom wall of the outer tube (2) and the end of the inner tube (3); the second elastic member (8) is a second spring, which is arranged between the inner bottom wall of the outer tube (2) and the internal pressure member (4); when the end of the anchor rod body (1) is inserted into the inner tube (3), the second spring is compressed and stores energy; when the external pressure member (5) is installed at the tube mouth of the outer tube (2), the first spring is compressed and stores energy; when the external pressure member (5) is unlocked from the outer tube (2), the inner tube (3) pushes the external pressure member (5) out of the outer tube (2) under the elastic force of the first spring, and the internal pressure member (4) pushes the anchor rod body (1) out of the outer tube (2) under the elastic force of the second spring.

7. The detachable and recyclable anchor rod according to claim 6, characterized in that: An accommodating hole (41) for accommodating a second spring is provided at one end of the inner pressure member (4) facing the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder (2).

8. A detachable and recyclable anchor rod according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Assemble the removable and retrievable anchor bolt; S2: Pressing and placing the detachable and recyclable anchor rod: drilling a hole at the anchoring position of the rock mass to form a connection hole, and then sleeved the outer periphery of the anchor rod body (1), and the end of the sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer tube (2) to wrap the external pressure piece (5) and the anchor rod body (1) inside the sleeve, and then the outer tube (2) of the detachable and recyclable anchor rod, the anchor rod body (1) and the sleeve are installed together into the connection hole; S3: Anchor grouting construction: Then grouting is performed into the connection hole, and the outer tube (2) and the casing are buried in the connection hole, and the anchor installation is completed; S4: Anchor rod recovery: When recovering the anchor rod, the anchor rod body (1) is rotated, and the external pressure piece (5) is driven to rotate. When the external pressure piece (5) is unlocked from the outer tube (2), the inner tube (3) pushes the external pressure piece (5) out of the outer tube (2) under the elastic force of the first elastic piece (7), and the internal pressure piece (4) pushes the anchor rod body (1) out of the outer tube (2) under the elastic force of the second elastic piece (8); then the anchor rod body (1) is pulled out to achieve the purpose of recovering the anchor rod body (1).

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