Efficient and high-precision bolt group backfield assembly and forefield integral pre-embedding method

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient and high-precision bolt group backfield assembly and forefield integral pre-embedding method, and relates to the technical field of building construction. Comprising the following steps: S1, construction preparation; s2, a foundation pit is excavated; s3, a cushion layer is poured; s4, blanking of foundation steel bars; s5, foundation steel bar machining; s6, mounting a foundation reinforcement cage; s7, manufacturing a tool; s8, assembling a bolt group; s9, integrally hoisting and fixing the bolt group; s10, a formwork is installed; s11, reporting, checking and receiving; s12, carrying out correction processing; and S13, concrete is poured. The device has the characteristics of simple and reliable structure, convenience in operation, easiness in manufacturing, low cost, recyclability and low maintenance cost; the method also has the characteristics of simple process, low labor intensity, less manpower consumption, high construction speed, high efficiency, high precision, high work efficiency, no pollution and high comprehensive benefit, and can solve the problems of low work efficiency, high labor intensity, high manpower consumption and extra waste of positioning steel plates and anchoring steel bars in the existing method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of building construction, and more specifically, relates to a method for efficiently and accurately assembling a bolt group at a back-end and pre-embedding the whole bolt group at a front-end. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology and industrialization, there are more and more various types of prefabricated structures and steel structure workshops such as chemical plants, machinery plants, power stations, and power transmission and transformation stations. Compared with traditional buildings, the workshop foundations and equipment foundations of such buildings are connected to the main structure and equipment with pre-buried bolts, which have many advantages such as streamlined construction, factory-based, high production efficiency, high precision, reliable connection, and easy maintenance and replacement. However, the accuracy of pre-buried bolts affects the installation accuracy of subsequent structures or equipment, and thus affects the stress of the structure and the normal operation of the equipment.

[0003] At present, there are usually two ways to embed high-precision bolts in the foundation of domestic chemical plants: one is to use tool-type fixtures to temporarily fix and then weld them to the steel skeleton of the equipment foundation, and then remove the temporary fixtures. During the embedding process, the whole process is measured and checked to ensure that the accuracy meets the requirements; the other is to have bolt positioning steel plates in the design. During construction, the bolts are first connected and fixed to the positioning steel plates, and then the whole is hoisted to the foundation of the equipment, and the anchor steel bars on the positioning steel plates are welded and fixed to the steel skeleton of the equipment foundation. The former has low efficiency and consumes more manpower, while the latter wastes extra positioning steel plates and anchor steel bars. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an efficient and high-precision method for back-field assembly and front-field overall pre-embedding of bolt groups, which solves the problems of low pre-embedding efficiency, high manpower consumption, and extra waste of positioning steel plates and anchor steel bars.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] An efficient and high-precision bolt group back-end assembly and front-end overall embedding method includes the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Construction preparation, including but not limited to preparation and approval of construction plan, technical disclosure, procurement of materials and components, and measurement and layout;

[0008] Step S2: excavation of foundation pit, direct slope excavation or dewatering and layered excavation using foundation pit support technology are selected according to the specific foundation pit depth and hydrogeological conditions;

[0009] Step S3: Casting the cushion layer. The concrete cushion layer range is set according to the specific foundation plane shape and size. The thickness and strength grade of the concrete cushion layer are determined according to the hydrogeological conditions of the base and the design plan. The cushion layer casting method is selected according to the foundation pit depth, the size of the foundation pit plane and the environmental conditions of the construction site. The top surface of the cushion layer needs to be leveled after vibration of the cushion layer concrete.

[0010] Step S4: Cutting the basic steel bars, calculating the ingredients and cutting them according to the basic steel bar design drawing and the fixed length of the steel bar raw materials, ensuring that the length and size of the steel bars after processing are consistent with the design, the position of the steel bar joints meets the standard, and the loss rate of the steel bars is reduced;

[0011] Step S5: basic steel bar processing, according to the basic steel bar design drawing, the steel bars are bent into the designed shapes and the joints are connected. The steel bar joint type is determined when the material is cut (mechanical joint or welding joint);

[0012] Step S6: installing the foundation reinforcement skeleton, tying and installing the reinforcement components to form the foundation reinforcement skeleton according to the relative positions of various reinforcements on the foundation reinforcement design drawing;

[0013] Step S7: tooling production, using on-site plywood and square wood to make a temporary positioning and fixing tool for the bolt group in the back field, so as to facilitate the temporary fixing of each bolt in the bolt group according to the designed position parameters (spacing, relative position, relative height difference) and then welding them into a whole in the back field;

[0014] Step S8: assembling the bolt group. While excavating the foundation pit at S2, pouring the cushion layer at S3, cutting the foundation steel bars at S4, processing the foundation steel bars at S5, and installing the foundation steel bar skeleton at S6, the above-mentioned tooling S7 is used in the back field to temporarily fix each bolt in the bolt group according to the designed position parameters (spacing, relative position, relative height difference) and then weld them into a whole.

[0015] Step S9: hoist and fix the bolt group as a whole. After the foundation steel frame is installed in S6, the bolt group welded as a whole in the back field is hoisted into the foundation steel frame through the hoisting equipment. After measurement and verification, it is welded and fixed on the foundation steel frame;

[0016] Step S10: Template installation: configure the template according to the basic shape and size and install and fix it. When installing the template, ensure that the inner contour size and relative position of the template are the same as the basic design;

[0017] Step S11: Report for inspection and acceptance. According to the quality management system and process, the construction unit shall first conduct the three-inspection system acceptance within the construction unit. After the acceptance is passed, the external supervision or professional engineer of the construction unit shall be reported for inspection and acceptance. Only after the acceptance is passed can the concrete be poured for concealment;

[0018] Step S12 is correction processing, which is the processing link for problems found in the previous inspection and acceptance process, including correction of bolt group position and elevation, correction of foundation steel bar spacing and position, correction of template size and assembly, etc.;

[0019] Step S13 is pouring concrete. During pouring, on the one hand, it is necessary to re-measure and correct deviation at any time, and on the other hand, it is necessary to ensure that the concrete is vibrated compactly and avoid collision with bolts during vibration.

[0020] Preferably, the step S7 of tooling production includes the following steps:

[0021] S71. Drill holes on the plywood in a 1:1 ratio according to the position parameters (spacing, relative position) of each bolt in the bolt group and the diameter of the bolt. The drilling accuracy of the plywood must comply with the standard requirements for bolt embedding in the "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Concrete Structure Engineering" (GB50204-2015) and "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structure Engineering" (GB50205-2020);

[0022] S72. The plywood and the square wood are connected to form a tooling. The two identical perforated plywood sheets are connected to form a whole by adding a square wood in the middle. When connected, the upper and lower holes must correspond to each other and the centers of the holes must coincide.

[0023] Preferably, steps S7 and S8 constitute the post-field assembly process and technology of the bolt group, which fundamentally improves the accuracy of pre-embedding the bolt group.

[0024] Preferably, the steps S9, S10, S11, S12 and S13 constitute the overall pre-embedding process and technology of the bolt group in the front field, further improving the accuracy of the pre-embedding of the bolt group.

[0025] Preferably, the steps S4, S5, S2, S3, S6 and S7, S8 form a parallel flow operation, which fundamentally shortens the total time of bolt pre-embedding work and improves the overall work efficiency.

[0026] Preferably, the tooling in step S7 is made by using plywood and square timber.

[0027] Preferably, the step S8 of assembling the bolt group includes the following steps:

[0028] S81. According to the relative position and height difference on the bolt embedding diagram, put the corresponding bolts on the corresponding two pieces of tooling. The upper and lower surfaces of the tooling close to the free end of the bolt are fixed with nuts on the bolts, and the tooling close to the fixed end of the bolt can be moved forward and backward along the bolt.

[0029] S82. Before welding the bolt assembly, it is necessary to check the relative position of the bolts, the relative height difference of the free ends of the bolts, and the verticality of the tooling and the bolts;

[0030] S83. Use the scraps (short steel bars) from the steel bar yard to weld and fix the same set of embedded bolts into a whole. The connecting steel bars can cross each other or be parallel to each other.

[0031] S84. The welding and fixing of the bolt group is carried out from the anchor end to the free end of the bolt, that is, while welding the bolt group to the free end of the bolt, the positioning tool at the anchor end is moved to the free end. After the bolt group is stable and not deformed, welding is stopped and the tool is removed from the free end of the bolt.

[0032] Preferably, the step S9 of hoisting and fixing the bolt group as a whole comprises the following steps:

[0033] S91. According to the on-site environmental conditions and resource allocation, flexibly select forklifts, excavators, cranes and other machinery to hoist the assembled bolt groups to the designed position;

[0034] S92, measure and verify, confirm whether the axis direction, top surface elevation, and four-corner coordinate deviation of the embedded bolt group meet the standards, and weld and fix them only after the measurement and verification are correct;

[0035] S93. Welding fixation uses the scraps (short steel bars) from the reinforcement field to weld and fix the bolt group to the steel frame of the equipment foundation.

[0036] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are:

[0037] 1) The present invention realizes the back-end assembly of the bolt group, so that the bolt group assembly and the processes of foundation pit excavation, cushion layer pouring, and foundation steel frame installation form a parallel operation, thereby shortening the total time of bolt pre-embedding work and improving work efficiency.

[0038] 2) The present invention realizes the flexibility of the bolt assembly time (it can be assembled in some fragmented time) and is not affected by environmental factors such as weather (it can be assembled in a shed on a rainy day).

[0039] 3) The tooling structure required for implementing the bolt assembly solution in the present invention is simple, easy to manufacture and low in cost.

[0040] 4) The bolt assembly and fixation in the present invention do not consume additional materials (the connecting steel bars are leftovers), and the construction cost is low.

[0041] 5) The present invention reduces the labor intensity and manpower consumption of bolt pre-embedded construction.

[0042] 6) The present invention enables smooth connection of various working procedures, easy quality control, and simple and quick construction operation.

[0043] 7) The present invention enables high bolt embedding accuracy and higher qualified rate.

[0044] 8) The present invention has high overall economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a construction process flow chart of the present invention;

[0046] In the figure: S1, construction preparation; S2, foundation pit excavation; S3, pouring cushion layer; S4, foundation steel bar cutting; S5, foundation steel bar processing; S6, foundation steel bar skeleton installation; S7, tooling production; S8, bolt group assembly; S9, overall lifting and fixing of bolt group; S10, formwork installation; S11, inspection and acceptance; S12, correction processing; S13, pouring concrete. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, an efficient and high-precision bolt group back-end assembly and front-end overall embedding method includes the following steps:

[0050] Step S1: Construction preparation, including but not limited to preparation and approval of construction plan, technical disclosure, procurement of materials and components, and measurement and layout;

[0051] Step S2: excavation of foundation pit, direct slope excavation or dewatering and layered excavation using foundation pit support technology are selected according to the specific foundation pit depth and hydrogeological conditions;

[0052] Step S3: Casting the cushion layer. The concrete cushion layer range is set according to the specific foundation plane shape and size. The thickness and strength grade of the concrete cushion layer are determined according to the hydrogeological conditions of the base and the design plan. The cushion layer casting method is selected according to the foundation pit depth, the size of the foundation pit plane and the environmental conditions of the construction site. The top surface of the cushion layer needs to be leveled after vibration of the cushion layer concrete.

[0053] Step S4: Cutting the basic steel bars, calculating the ingredients and cutting them according to the basic steel bar design drawing and the fixed length of the steel bar raw materials, ensuring that the length and size of the steel bars after processing are consistent with the design, the position of the steel bar joints meets the standard, and the loss rate of the steel bars is reduced;

[0054] Step S5: basic steel bar processing, according to the basic steel bar design drawing, the steel bars are bent into the designed shapes and the joints are connected. The steel bar joint type is determined when the material is cut (mechanical joint or welding joint);

[0055] Step S6: installing the foundation reinforcement skeleton, tying and installing the reinforcement components to form the foundation reinforcement skeleton according to the relative positions of various reinforcements on the foundation reinforcement design drawing;

[0056] Step S7: tooling production, using on-site plywood and square wood to make a temporary positioning and fixing tool for the bolt group in the back field, so as to facilitate the temporary fixing of each bolt in the bolt group according to the designed position parameters (spacing, relative position, relative height difference) and then welding them into a whole in the back field;

[0057] Step S8: assembling the bolt group. While excavating the foundation pit at S2, pouring the cushion layer at S3, cutting the foundation steel bars at S4, processing the foundation steel bars at S5, and installing the foundation steel bar skeleton at S6, the above-mentioned tooling S7 is used in the back field to temporarily fix each bolt in the bolt group according to the designed position parameters (spacing, relative position, relative height difference) and then weld them into a whole.

[0058] Step S9: hoist and fix the bolt group as a whole. After the foundation steel frame is installed in S6, the bolt group welded as a whole in the back field is hoisted into the foundation steel frame through the hoisting equipment. After measurement and verification, it is welded and fixed on the foundation steel frame;

[0059] Step S10: Template installation: configure the template according to the basic shape and size and install and fix it. When installing the template, ensure that the inner contour size and relative position of the template are the same as the basic design;

[0060] Step S11: Report for inspection and acceptance. According to the quality management system and process, the construction unit shall first conduct the three-inspection system acceptance within the construction unit. After the acceptance is passed, the external supervision or professional engineer of the construction unit shall be reported for inspection and acceptance. Only after the acceptance is passed can the concrete be poured for concealment;

[0061] Step S12 is correction processing, which is the processing link for problems found in the previous inspection and acceptance process, including correction of bolt group position and elevation, correction of foundation steel bar spacing and position, correction of template size and assembly, etc.;

[0062] Based on the above technical solution, the step S7 tooling production includes the following steps:

[0063] S71. Drill holes on the plywood in a 1:1 ratio according to the position parameters (spacing, relative position) of each bolt in the bolt group and the diameter of the bolt. The drilling accuracy of the plywood must comply with the standard requirements for bolt embedding in the "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Concrete Structure Engineering" (GB50204-2015) and "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structure Engineering" (GB50205-2020);

[0064] S72. The plywood and the square wood are connected to form a tooling. The two identical perforated plywood sheets are connected to form a whole by adding a square wood in the middle. When connected, the upper and lower holes must correspond to each other and the centers of the holes must coincide.

[0065] Based on the above technical solution, the bolt group assembly in step S8 includes the following steps:

[0066] S81. According to the relative position and height difference on the bolt embedding diagram, put the corresponding bolts on the corresponding two pieces of tooling. The upper and lower surfaces of the tooling close to the free end of the bolt are fixed with nuts on the bolts, and the tooling close to the fixed end of the bolt can be moved forward and backward along the bolt.

[0067] S82. Before welding the bolt assembly, it is necessary to check the relative position of the bolts, the relative height difference of the free ends of the bolts, and the verticality of the tooling and the bolts;

[0068] S83. Use the scraps (short steel bars) from the steel bar yard to weld and fix the same set of embedded bolts into a whole. The connecting steel bars can cross each other or be parallel to each other.

[0069] S84. The welding and fixing of the bolt group is carried out from the anchor end to the free end of the bolt, that is, while welding the bolt group to the free end of the bolt, the positioning tool at the anchor end is moved to the free end. After the bolt group is stable and not deformed, welding is stopped and the tool is removed from the free end of the bolt.

[0070] Based on the above technical solution, the step S9 of integrally lifting and fixing the bolt group includes the following steps:

[0071] S91. According to the on-site environmental conditions and resource allocation, flexibly select forklifts, excavators, cranes and other machinery to hoist the assembled bolt groups to the designed position;

[0072] S92, measure and verify, confirm whether the axis direction, top surface elevation, and four-corner coordinate deviation of the embedded bolt group meet the standards, and weld and fix them only after the measurement and verification are correct;

[0073] S93. Welding fixation uses the scraps (short steel bars) from the reinforcement field to weld and fix the bolt group to the steel frame of the equipment foundation.

[0074] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0075] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An efficient and high-precision bolt group back-end assembly and front-end overall pre-embedding method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1: Construction preparation, including preparation and approval of construction plan, technical disclosure, procurement of materials and components, and measurement and layout; Step S2: excavation of foundation pit, according to the specific foundation pit depth and hydrogeological conditions, direct slope excavation or precipitation and layered excavation using foundation pit support technology are selected; Step S3: Casting the cushion layer. The concrete cushion layer range is set according to the specific foundation plane shape and size. The thickness and strength grade of the concrete cushion layer are determined according to the hydrogeological conditions of the base and the design plan. The cushion layer casting method is selected according to the foundation pit depth, the size of the foundation pit plane and the environmental conditions of the construction site. The top surface of the cushion layer needs to be leveled after the cushion layer concrete is vibrated; Step S4: Cutting the basic steel bars, calculating the ingredients and cutting them according to the basic steel bar design drawing and the fixed length of the steel bar raw materials, ensuring that the length and size of the steel bars after processing are consistent with the design, the position of the steel bar joints meets the standard, and the loss rate of the steel bars is reduced; Step S5: processing the basic steel bars, bending the steel bars into the designed shapes and connecting the joints according to the basic steel bar design drawing. The steel bar joint type is determined when the steel bars are cut; Step S6: installing the foundation steel bar skeleton, tying and installing the steel bar components to form the foundation steel bar skeleton according to the relative positions of various steel bars on the foundation steel bar design drawing; Step S7: tooling production, using on-site plywood and square wood to make a temporary positioning and fixing tool for the bolt group in the back field, so as to facilitate the temporary fixing of each bolt in the bolt group according to the designed position parameters and then welding them into a whole in the back field; Step S8: assembling the bolt group. While excavating the foundation pit at S2, pouring the cushion layer at S3, cutting the foundation steel bars at S4, processing the foundation steel bars at S5, and installing the foundation steel bar skeleton at S6, the above-mentioned tooling S7 is used in the back field to temporarily fix the bolts in the bolt group according to the designed position parameters and then weld them into a whole. Step S9: hoist and fix the bolt group as a whole. After the foundation steel frame is installed in S6, the bolt group welded as a whole in the back field is hoisted into the foundation steel frame through the hoisting equipment. After measurement and verification, it is welded and fixed on the foundation steel frame; Step S10: Template installation: configure the template according to the basic shape and size and install and fix it. When installing the template, ensure that the inner contour size and relative position of the template are the same as the basic design; Step S11: Report for inspection and acceptance. According to the quality management system and process, the construction unit shall first conduct the three-inspection system acceptance within the construction unit. After the acceptance is passed, the external supervision or professional engineer of the construction unit shall be reported for inspection and acceptance. Only after the acceptance is passed can the concrete be poured for concealment; Step S12 is correction processing, which processes the problems found in S11, including correction of bolt group position and elevation, correction of foundation steel bar spacing and position, correction of template size and assembly, etc.; Step S13 is pouring concrete. During pouring, the concrete is re-measured and corrected at any time to ensure that it is vibrated compactly and avoid collision with bolts during vibration.

2. The high-efficiency and high-precision bolt assembly back-end and front-end overall embedding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S7 of tooling production includes the following steps: S71. Drill holes in the plywood. Drill holes in the plywood in a 1:1 ratio according to the position parameters of each bolt in the bolt group and the diameter of the bolt. The drilling accuracy must meet the standard requirements for bolt embedding. S72. The plywood and the square wood are connected to form a tooling, and two identical perforated plywood are connected to form a whole by adding a square wood in the middle, and the centers of the holes of the two plywood are made to correspond to each other when connected.

3. The high-efficiency and high-precision bolt assembly back-end and front-end overall embedding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S8 of bolt assembly comprises the following steps: S81. According to the relative position and height difference on the bolt embedding diagram, the corresponding bolts are put on the corresponding two pieces of tooling. The upper and lower surfaces of the tooling close to the free end of the bolt are fixed with nuts on the bolts, and the tooling close to the fixed end of the bolt can be moved forward and backward along the bolt. S82. Before welding the bolt assembly, check the relative position of the bolts, the relative height difference of the free ends of the bolts, and the verticality of the tooling and the bolts; S83. Use the scraps from the steel bar yard to weld and fix the same set of embedded bolts into a whole, and the connecting steel bars are crossed or parallel to each other; S84. The bolt group is welded and fixed from the anchor end to the free end of the bolt. While welding the bolt group to the free end of the bolt, the positioning tool at the anchor end is moved toward the free end. After the bolt group is stable and not deformed, welding is stopped and the tool is removed from the free end of the bolt.

4. The high-efficiency and high-precision bolt assembly back-end and front-end integral embedding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S9 of integrally lifting and fixing the bolt assembly comprises the following steps: S91. Select one or more machines such as forklift, excavator and crane to hoist the assembled bolt group to the designed position according to the on-site environmental conditions and resource allocation; S92, measure and verify, confirm whether the axis direction, top surface elevation, and four-corner coordinate deviation of the embedded bolt group meet the standards, and weld and fix them only after the measurement and verification are correct; S93. Welding fixation: Use the scraps from the reinforcement field to weld and fix the bolt group to the reinforcement skeleton of the equipment foundation.

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