Cross gate waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation

Abstract

Cross door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation relates to the field of microwave and antenna. The existing waveguide polarizer can only realize the conversion between linear polarization and left or right circular polarization, and the reconfigurable polarizer scheme of left or right elliptical polarization and conversion with arbitrary axial ratio cannot be realized. The waveguide polarizer comprises a 4-way power divider, a +45° accelerated phase shifter and a -45° delay phase shifter. The input end of the 4-way power divider is a linear polarization feed point port, which is used for dividing the input linear polarization electromagnetic wave into four equal amplitude and two opposite phase electromagnetic waves. The +45° accelerated phase shifter and the -45° delay phase shifter are alternately integrated on the four paths of the 4-way power divider, which are used for phase compensation of the four equal amplitude electromagnetic signals respectively. The electromagnetic signals have a continuous 90° phase difference. The electromagnetic signals pass through the cross door junction to form electromagnetic waves in the left or right circular polarizer, and the low axial ratio is maintained in a wide frequency band. The waveguide polarizer is also suitable for satellite communication field.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microwave and antenna technology, and in particular to a cross-slot waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Millimeter wave refers to electromagnetic waves with a frequency in the range of 30-300 GHz (wavelength of 1-10 mm), and the part of 100-300 GHz belongs to the sub-terahertz frequency band. Millimeter wave / sub-terahertz electromagnetic wave has available spectrum resources; wide bandwidth, can realize high-speed transmission; short wavelength, easy to realize high gain, can support high-precision positioning and high-resolution imaging. Millimeter wave / sub-terahertz technology has very broad application prospects in the fields of wireless communication, imaging, measurement, Internet of Things and security and protection.

[0003] Circularly polarized electromagnetic wave refers to the angle between the polarization plane of electromagnetic wave and the normal plane of the earth, which periodically changes from 0 to 360 degrees, and the size of the electric field does not change, the direction changes with time, and the trajectory of the end of the electric field vector projects on the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction is a circle. Circularly polarized electromagnetic wave has stable signal strength, strong anti-interference ability, strong adaptability, reduces multipath interference, and reduces reflection and penetration loss in the transmission process.

[0004] Waveguide polarizer is an important class of microwave / millimeter wave passive devices, which is used to convert the input linearly polarized mode electromagnetic wave into circularly polarized mode electromagnetic wave, and is widely used in satellite communication and radar systems. Important indicators for measuring waveguide polarizer include return loss, insertion loss and axial ratio; whether the building blocks of the polarizer are solid determines the manufacturing and assembly difficulty, and also determines whether it is suitable for high-frequency millimeter wave / sub-terahertz frequency band. The conventional waveguide polarizer is based on a partition structure or a 90° differential phase shifter. The polarizer based on the partition structure has the problems of limited bandwidth, large reflection loss, thin structure, and difficulty in manufacturing at high-frequency millimeter wave / sub-terahertz frequency band. The polarizer based on 90° differential phase shifter needs a large radial length phase shifter to meet the low axial ratio performance, which is not conducive to the low profile of the device.

[0005] Therefore, the waveguide polarizer proposed in the prior art can only realize the conversion between linear polarization and left-handed or right-handed circular polarization, and there is no reconfigurable polarizer scheme that can realize the conversion between linear polarization, left-handed or right-handed elliptical polarization with arbitrary axial ratio, and left-handed or right-handed circular polarization. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application solves the problem that the waveguide polarizer proposed in the prior art can only realize the conversion between linear polarization and left-handed or right-handed circular polarization, and there is no reconfigurable polarizer scheme that can realize the conversion between linear polarization, left-handed or right-handed elliptical polarization with arbitrary axial ratio, and left-handed or right-handed circular polarization.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0008] Scheme one, the present application provides a kind of cross door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation, the cross door waveguide polarizer includes 4-way power splitter network, +45 ° accelerated phase shifter, -45 ° delay phase shifter, gap waveguide construction module;

[0009] The input end of the 4-way power splitter is a linear polarization feed point port, for dividing the input linear polarization electromagnetic wave into four-way electromagnetic waves of equal amplitude and two-way opposite phase;

[0010] The +45 ° accelerated phase shifter and the -45 ° delay phase shifter are alternately integrated on the four paths of the 4-way power splitter network, for phase compensation of the four-way equal amplitude electromagnetic signals respectively;So that the four-way equal amplitude electromagnetic signals have a continuous 90 ° phase difference after phase compensation;

[0011] The four-way equal amplitude electromagnetic signals are coupled with the gap waveguide construction module through the cross door to form left-handed electromagnetic waves or right-handed electromagnetic waves, and maintain low axial ratio in a wide frequency band, to realize the reconfigurable polarizer between linear polarization, left-handed or right-handed elliptical polarization and left-handed or right-handed circular polarization with any axial ratio.

[0012] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, the +45 ° accelerated phase shifter is realized by +45 ° inductive phase shifter based on width narrowing waveguide structure, and the -45 ° delay phase shifter is realized by -45 ° capacitive phase shifter based on corrugated waveguide structure.

[0013] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, the +45 ° accelerated phase shifter further includes cascade implementation of two +22.5 ° accelerated phase shifters, and the -45 ° delay phase shifter further includes cascade implementation of two -22.5 ° delay phase shifters.

[0014] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, the +45 ° accelerated phase shifter and the -45 ° delay phase shifter further include phase shifters based on expanded waveguide and phase shifters based on iris.

[0015] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, the waveguide structure further includes metal cavity waveguide, gap waveguide and dielectric integrated waveguide.

[0016] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, the four-way equal amplitude electromagnetic signals have a continuous 90 ° phase difference and consistent direction after phase compensation.

[0017] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, the performance indicators of the cross door waveguide polarizer include operating frequency band, reflection coefficient and low axial ratio.

[0018] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, the cross door waveguide polarizer operating frequency band is 75-110GHz.

[0019] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, the electromagnetic wave in the left-handed circular polarizer or the electromagnetic wave in the right-handed circular polarizer, and the low axial ratio is less than 1dB in a wide frequency band.

[0020] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, the reflection coefficient is less than-25dB.

[0021] The present application has the advantages of:

[0022] The cross door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation provided by the present application solves the problem that the waveguide polarizer proposed in the prior art is difficult to achieve a low axial ratio in a wide frequency band, and the cross door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation provided by the present application achieves a left-handed or right-handed circular polarization axial ratio index less than 1dB in a relative bandwidth of about 40% by using a mixed capacitive and inductive phase shifter for precise phase compensation in a wide frequency band.

[0023] The cross door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation provided by the present application also has a low profile characteristic, and the radial length of the polarization conversion part is less than 1 times the center frequency wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0024] The cross door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation provided by the present application uses a gap waveguide structure, has the ability to suppress electromagnetic energy leakage, and thus has good processing and assembly tolerance.

[0025] The cross door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation provided by the present application can realize a reconfigurable polarizer scheme for conversion between linear polarization, left-handed or right-handed elliptical polarization with any axial ratio, and left-handed or right-handed circular polarization, compared to the waveguide polarizer proposed in the prior art which can only realize conversion between linear polarization and left-handed or right-handed circular polarization.

[0026] The present application is also applicable to high-frequency millimeter wave or sub-terahertz frequency application fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The structure block diagram of the phase shifter in the cross door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to the first embodiment.

[0028] Figure 2 The structure block diagram of the left-handed circular polarizer in the cross door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to the eleventh embodiment.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the right-hand circular polarizer in the phase-compensated cross-gate waveguide polarizer described in Embodiment Eleven.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the right-hand circularly polarized cross-door gap waveguide polarizer described in Embodiment Eleven.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the building block of a right-hand circularly polarized cross-gate gap waveguide polarizer.

[0032] Figure 5 In the diagram, (a) is the top view of the lower-level module, (b) is the top view of the middle-level module, (c) is the top view of the lower-level module, and (d) is the top view of the lower-level module.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a right-hand circularly polarized cross-door gap waveguide polarizer.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of the phase-compensated polarization-reconfigurable cross-door waveguide polarizer described in Implementation Method Eleven.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a reconfigurable cross-door gap waveguide polarizer.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the building block of a reconfigurable cross-gate gap waveguide polarizer.

[0037] Figure 9 In the diagram, (a) is the top view of the lower-level module, (b) is the top view of the middle-level module, (c) is the top view of the lower-level module, and (d) is the top view of the lower-level module.

[0038] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the structure of a reconfigurable cross-door gap waveguide polarizer.

[0039] In the figure, 1 is a cross-shaped gate junction, 2 is a +22.5° phase shifter, 3 is a -22.5° phase shifter, 4 is a waveguide interlayer transition, 5 is an E-plane power divider, and 6 is an H-plane power divider. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them.

[0041] Embodiment one, the embodiment provides a cross-door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation, the cross-door waveguide polarizer comprises a 4-way power divider, a +45° accelerated phase shifter, a -45° delay phase shifter and a gap waveguide construction module.

[0042] The input end of the 4-way power divider is a linear polarization feed point port, used for dividing the input linear polarization electromagnetic wave into four-way electromagnetic waves with equal amplitude and two-way opposite phase;

[0043] The +45° accelerated phase shifter and the -45° delay phase shifter are alternately integrated on the four paths of the 4-way power divider network, used for phase compensation of the four-way equal amplitude electromagnetic signals respectively; so that the four-way equal amplitude electromagnetic signals have a continuous 90° phase difference after phase compensation;

[0044] The four-way equal amplitude electromagnetic signals and the gap waveguide construction module are coupled through the cross-door junction to form left-handed electromagnetic waves or right-handed electromagnetic waves, and keep low axial ratio in a wide frequency band, realizing a reconfigurable polarizer for conversion between linear polarization, left-handed or right-handed elliptical polarization and left-handed or right-handed circular polarization with any axial ratio.

[0045] Embodiment two, the embodiment is a further limitation of the cross-door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to embodiment one, the +45° accelerated phase shifter is realized by a +45° inductive phase shifter based on a width-narrowed waveguide structure, and the -45° delay phase shifter is realized by a -45° capacitive phase shifter based on a corrugated waveguide structure.

[0046] Embodiment three, the embodiment is a further limitation of the cross-door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to embodiment one, the +45° accelerated phase shifter further comprises a cascade implementation of two +22.5° accelerated phase shifters, and the -45° delay phase shifter further comprises a cascade implementation of two -22.5° delay phase shifters.

[0047] Embodiment four, the embodiment is a further limitation of the cross-door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to embodiment two, the +45° accelerated phase shifter and the -45° delay phase shifter further comprise a phase shifter based on an expanded waveguide and a phase shifter based on an iris.

[0048] Embodiment five, the embodiment is a further limitation of the cross-door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to embodiment two, the waveguide structure further comprises a metal cavity waveguide, a gap waveguide and a dielectric integrated waveguide.

[0049] Embodiment six, the embodiment is a further limitation of the cross-door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to embodiment one, the four-way equal amplitude electromagnetic signals have a continuous 90° phase difference and consistent direction after phase compensation.

[0050] Embodiment seven, the embodiment is further limited to the phase compensation based cross gate waveguide polarizer of embodiment one, the performance indicators of the cross gate waveguide polarizer include operating frequency band, reflection coefficient and low axial ratio.

[0051] Embodiment eight, the embodiment is further limited to the phase compensation based cross gate waveguide polarizer of embodiment seven, the operating frequency band of the cross gate waveguide polarizer is 75-110GHz.

[0052] Embodiment nine, the embodiment is further limited to the phase compensation based cross gate waveguide polarizer of embodiment seven, the electromagnetic wave in the left-handed circular polarizer or the electromagnetic wave in the right-handed circular polarizer, and the low axial ratio is maintained within a wide frequency band, which is less than 1dB.

[0053] Embodiment ten, the embodiment is further limited to the phase compensation based cross gate waveguide polarizer of embodiment seven, the reflection coefficient is less than -25dB.

[0054] Embodiment eleven, the embodiment provides an example for explaining the above-mentioned embodiments one to eight, which is specifically:

[0055] Reference is made to Figures 1 to 10 The embodiment provides two specific and practical schemes of cross gate polarizers.

[0056] The first one is a phase compensation based cross gate waveguide left-handed circular polarizer and a phase compensation based cross gate waveguide right-handed circular polarizer, the block diagram of which is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 The components used include an E-plane power divider, two H-plane power dividers, four +22.5° phase shifters, four -22.5° phase shifters, four waveguide interlayer transitions and a cross gate junction. Their functions are respectively to realize a wide frequency band, the relative bandwidth of which is about 40%, the conversion of the inner linear polarization TE10 mode to the circular polarization TE11 mode, and the operating frequency band is the W band.

[0057] Taking the right-handed circular polarizer as an example, its structure is shown in Figure 4 The proposed phase compensation based cross gate waveguide right-handed circular polarizer is based on gap waveguide, and all components are integrated in a three-layer gap waveguide building block. Wherein 1 represents a cross gate junction, and 2 represents that the input linear polarization rectangular waveguide TE10 mode electromagnetic signal is divided into two TE10 modes with equal amplitude and opposite phase (i.e. the phase difference is 180°) by an E-plane power divider.

[0058] The two equal-amplitude and opposite-phase TE10 modes are divided into four equal-amplitude and opposite-phase TE10 modes by an H-plane power divider, and the two signals output by one H-plane are in phase, and they are opposite to the signals output by the other H-plane.

[0059] The four equal-amplitude and opposite-phase TE10 modes are formed into four equal-amplitude and clockwise direction with continuous +90° phase difference TE10 modes by phase compensation distributed as shown in the figure. Figure 3

[0060] The four equal-amplitude and opposite-phase TE10 modes are formed into four equal-amplitude and clockwise direction with continuous +90° phase difference TE10 modes by phase compensation distributed as shown in the figure.

[0061] The performance indicators of the cross-door waveguide right-handed circular polarizer based on phase compensation include: operating frequency band: 72-113GHz, relative bandwidth: 44.3%, reflection coefficient: less than-20dB, axial ratio: less than 1.5dB.

[0062] The left-handed circular polarizer can be realized by replacing the positions of the accelerating phase shifter and the decelerating phase shifter in the right-handed circular polarizer.

[0063] The second is a polarization reconfigurable cross-door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation, and its block diagram is shown in the figure. Figure 5 The proposed polarization reconfigurable cross-door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation is based on gap waveguide and consists of three layers of gap waveguide building blocks, and the components used include four +22.5° phase shifters, four -22.5° phase shifters, four waveguide interlayer transitions and two cross-door junctions. Its function is to realize the conversion between linear polarization TE11 mode, vertical / horizontal linear polarization TE11 mode, elliptical left / right circular polarization TE11 mode with any axial ratio, and left / right circular polarization TE11 mode in a wide frequency band (relative bandwidth of about 40%), and the switching mode between different modes is to rotate the polarization angle of the input linear polarization TE11 mode, and the working frequency band is W band.

[0064] The structure is shown in the figure. Figure 6 The proposed polarization reconfigurable cross-door waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation uses gap waveguide transmission lines, and all components are integrated in three layers of gap waveguide building blocks.

[0065] TE10 mode or four equal-amplitude / unequal-amplitude TE10 modes in opposite directions. Among them, the polarization angle of the input linear polarization circular waveguide TE11 mode electromagnetic signal is θ, as shown in the figure. Figure Four ​When θ = 0° / 90° / 180° / 270°, the linearly polarized circular waveguide TE11 mode is divided into two routes of reverse TE10 modes, when θ = 45° / 135° / 225° / 315°, the linearly polarized circular waveguide TE11 mode is divided into four routes of equal amplitude TE10 modes, when 0<θ<45° / 45<θ<90° / 90<θ<135° / 135<θ<180° / 180<θ<225° / 225<θ<270° / 270°<θ<315° / 315°<θ<360°, the polarized circular waveguide TE11 mode is divided into four routes of non-equal amplitude TE10 modes.

[0066] When θ = 0° / 180°, the two routes of equal amplitude reverse TE10 modes in the input cross gate junction pass through the phase compensation distributed as shown in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B respectively, still forming two routes of equal amplitude reverse TE10 modes, entering the output cross gate junction to couple to form a horizontal linearly polarized TE11 mode. Figure 5

[0067] When θ = 90° / 270°, the two routes of equal amplitude reverse TE10 modes in the input cross gate junction pass through the phase compensation distributed as shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B respectively, still forming two routes of equal amplitude reverse TE10 modes, entering the output cross gate junction to couple to form a vertical linearly polarized TE11 mode. Figure 5

[0068] When θ = 45° / 225°, the four routes of equal amplitude reverse TE10 modes in the input cross gate junction pass through the phase compensation distributed as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B respectively, forming four routes of TE10 modes with continuous +90° phase difference in the counterclockwise direction, entering the output cross gate junction to couple to form a left-handed circularly polarized TE11 mode. Figure 5

[0069] When θ = 135° / 315°, the four routes of equal amplitude reverse TE10 modes in the input cross gate junction pass through the phase compensation distributed as shown in FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B respectively, forming four routes of TE10 modes with continuous +90° phase difference in the clockwise direction, entering the output cross gate junction to couple to form a right-handed circularly polarized TE11 mode. Figure 5

[0070] When 0<θ<45° / 45<θ<90° / 180<θ<225° / 225<θ<270°, the four routes of non-equal amplitude reverse TE10 modes in the input cross gate junction pass through the phase compensation distributed as shown in FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B respectively, forming four routes of non-equal amplitude TE10 modes with continuous +90° phase difference in the counterclockwise direction, entering the output cross gate junction to couple to form a left-handed elliptically polarized TE11 mode, and the axial ratio is adjusted by different polarization angles θ. Figure 5

[0071] ​​​​​When 90°< θ < 135° / 135°< θ < 180° / 270°< θ < 315° / 315°< θ < 360°, the four non-equal amplitude and opposite TE10 modes in the input cross-junction are compensated by the phase distribution as shown in FIG. 6, forming four non-equal amplitude and clockwise TE10 modes with continuous +90° phase difference, which are coupled into the output cross-junction to form right-handed elliptical polarization TE11 mode, and the axial ratio is adjusted by different polarization angles θ. Figure 5 When 90°< θ < 135° / 135°< θ < 180° / 270°< θ < 315° / 315°< θ < 360°, the four non-equal amplitude and opposite TE10 modes in the input cross-junction are compensated by the phase distribution as shown in FIG. 6, forming four non-equal amplitude and clockwise TE10 modes with continuous +90° phase difference, which are coupled into the output cross-junction to form right-handed elliptical polarization TE11 mode, and the axial ratio is adjusted by different polarization angles θ.

[0072] The performance indicators of the cross-junction polarization reconfigurable waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation include: operating frequency band: 75-110 GHz (relative bandwidth is 37.8%), reflection coefficient is lower than -25 dB, axial ratio of left / right-handed circularly polarized mode is lower than 1 dB.

[0073] Those skilled in the art can understand that the above description is only preferred embodiments of the present application, and the features described in various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure can be combined or combined, even if such combination or combination is not explicitly described in the present disclosure. It is not intended to limit the present application, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent replacements to part of the technical features, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0074] Although preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make further changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and changes of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application also intends to include these modifications and changes.

Claims

1. A cross-shaped waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation, characterized in that, The cross-shaped waveguide polarizer includes a 4-way power divider network, a +45° acceleration phase shifter, a -45° delay phase shifter, and a gap waveguide construction module; The input of the 4-way power divider network is a linearly polarized feed point port, which is used to divide the input linearly polarized electromagnetic wave into four electromagnetic waves of equal amplitude and opposite phase in pairs, thereby forming four equal amplitude electromagnetic signals. The +45° acceleration phase shifter and the -45° delay phase shifter are alternately integrated on the four paths of the 4-way power divider network to perform phase compensation on the four equal-amplitude electromagnetic signals respectively, so that the four equal-amplitude electromagnetic signals have a continuous 90° phase difference after phase compensation. The four equal-amplitude electromagnetic signals and the gap waveguide construction module are coupled through a cross-gate to form a left-handed or right-handed electromagnetic wave, and maintain a low axial ratio in a wide frequency band, realizing a reconfigurable polarizer that can switch between linear polarization, left-handed or right-handed elliptical polarization with arbitrary axial ratio, and left-handed or right-handed circular polarization.

2. The cross-shaped waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The +45° acceleration phase shifter is implemented using a +45° inductive phase shifter based on a variable width waveguide structure, and the -45° delay phase shifter is implemented using a -45° capacitive phase shifter based on a corrugated waveguide structure.

3. The cross-shaped waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The +45° acceleration phase shifter also includes a cascaded implementation of two +22.5° acceleration phase shifters, and the -45° delay phase shifter also includes a cascaded implementation of two -22.5° delay phase shifters.

4. The cross-shaped waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The +45° acceleration phase shifter and -45° delay phase shifter also include implementation via a phase shifter based on a broadened waveguide and a phase shifter based on an iris.

5. The cross-shaped waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The waveguide structure also includes those implemented using metal cavity waveguides, gap waveguides, and dielectric integrated waveguides.

6. The cross-shaped waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The four equal-amplitude electromagnetic signals have a continuous 90° phase difference and are in the same direction after phase compensation.

7. The cross-shaped waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The performance parameters of the cross-shaped waveguide polarizer include operating bandwidth, reflection coefficient, and low axial ratio.

8. The cross-shaped waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operating frequency band of the cross-shaped waveguide polarizer is 75-110 GHz.

9. The cross-shaped waveguide polarizer based on phase compensation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The reflection coefficient is less than -25dB.

Images