Maize and peanut intercropping interannual rotation minimal tillage-free planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn and peanut intercropping interannual rotation minimal tillage-free planting method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method specifically comprises the steps that sowing is conducted in a strip mode, and strip-shaped intercropping planting is achieved; the corn row spacing L1 and the peanut row spacing L2 are both 40cm, and the distance L3 between adjacent corn and peanut is 80cm (corresponding to the local conventional ridge spacing of 50cm) or 120cm (corresponding to the local conventional ridge spacing of 60cm); during harvesting, peanuts are harvested firstly, corn is harvested after the peanuts are picked, the stubble height H of the harvested corn is 25-35 cm, and the harvested corn straw covers the ground surface of a peanut strip in a staggered mode to prevent wind erosion; corn stubbles and corn straw coverage are alternately arranged; in spring of the next year, the corn planting belt and the peanut planting belt are subjected to crop rotation, corn is directly subjected to no-tillage sowing, peanuts are subjected to shallow-rotary-tillage and minimal-rotary-tillage sowing, and the rotary tillage width and depth are both 8-10 cm; in the following years, corn and peanut belt intercropping and interannual crop rotation are carried out. The agricultural operation feasibility is guaranteed while the agricultural regulation is met, and deep integration of the agricultural machinery and the agricultural technology is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a corn and peanut intercropping and annual rotation planting method without minimum tillage. Background Art

[0002] Intercropping is one of the essential planting modes in traditional agricultural production in my country and is widely used in arid and semi-arid areas. It can improve farmland productivity by increasing the biodiversity of farmland systems, strengthening interspecies complementarity of crops, and making full use of light, heat, water, and nutrient resources. As a typical model of intercropping between gramineous and leguminous crops, corn and peanut intercropping has shown good drought resistance in regional agricultural production. It can not only improve the utilization of light energy through the tall-stalk-dwarf stalk combination, but also has the potential to enhance the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in the system through root nodule nitrogen fixation. It helps to increase crop yields while reducing excessive dependence on nitrogen fertilizers. It is one of the important models for achieving high yield and high efficiency in the Liaohe Plain.

[0003] However, the existing corn and peanut intercropping technology has certain limitations. First, in the corn and peanut intercropping system, corn is a competitively advantageous crop and peanut is a disadvantaged crop. Therefore, although the yield of the side-row corn can be significantly increased by relying on the advantages of light transmission and ventilation, the yield of the intercropped side-row peanuts is seriously reduced due to the strong competition of corn (such as shading), which to a certain extent restricts the improvement of the productivity of the intercropping system. Second, the current traditional intercropping planting methods mostly focus on increasing yields, and pay less attention to improving the utilization rate of resources such as water at the level of the entire intercropping system, and rarely consider the negative effects of traditional rotary tillage and continuous cropping under intercropping conditions. However, maintaining and improving soil fertility is the basis and guarantee for long-term productivity improvement. Therefore, while giving full play to the advantages of the aboveground part and reducing the adverse effects caused by the competition between the aboveground and underground parts of the side-row crops, introducing the core of conservation tillage (such as rotation, mulching, etc.) and adjusting it according to the characteristics of crops and strips is the only way to solve the above problems.

[0004] The present invention combines agricultural production practice to make clear agronomic provisions on planting patterns and row ratio configurations, corn strip width, peanut strip width, distance between corn and peanut strips, straw covering method and covering position after harvest, next year's tillage method and sowing position, etc. Operation according to relevant standards can not only ensure smooth operation of machinery, but also further improve crop yield and resource utilization efficiency of the corn and peanut intercropping system, help to achieve soil fertility cultivation and production capacity improvement under the intercropping mode, and is of great significance to the green, efficient and sustainable development of regional agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for planting corn and peanuts in intercropping and annual rotation without minimum tillage, which makes full use of light and heat resources, increases the advantages of corn edge row effect, reduces the disadvantages of peanut edge row effect, thereby improving crop yield and water resource utilization by properly adjusting the corn bandwidth, peanut bandwidth and boundary area bandwidth; reduces the surface wind speed by leaving straw stubble and staggered covering after harvest, and realizes soil erosion prevention and soil consolidation in autumn, winter and spring; realizes balanced soil utilization by inter-annual rotation, reduces obstacles to continuous cropping, and further realizes soil fertility cultivation and production capacity improvement in the corn and peanut intercropping mode; and ensures the feasibility of agricultural machinery operation while complying with agronomic regulations, thereby realizing the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for planting corn and peanut intercropping and annual rotation without minimum tillage, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Determine the planting pattern and row ratio configuration

[0009] When sowing, sow in strips to achieve strip intercropping; when the conventional ridge spacing in the area is 50 cm, the sowing corn row spacing L1 and the peanut row spacing L2 are both 40 cm, and the distance L3 between adjacent corn and peanuts is 80 cm; when the conventional ridge spacing in the area is 60 cm, the sowing corn row spacing L1 and the peanut row spacing L2 are both 40 cm, and the distance L3 between adjacent corn and peanuts is adjusted to 120 cm, so as to facilitate field management and agricultural machinery operations;

[0010] S2: Harvesting and straw mulching

[0011] During harvesting, peanuts are harvested first. After the peanuts are picked, the peanut seedlings are left in the field for fertilizer or packed away for feeding. Then corn is harvested. The stubble height H of the harvested corn is 25 to 35 cm. The harvested corn stalks are staggered and covered on the surface of the peanut strip to prevent wind erosion, forming an alternating arrangement of corn stubble and corn stalk covering.

[0012] S3: Farming method and sowing location in the following year

[0013] In the spring of the following year, corn and peanut planting belts were rotated. Corn was directly sown without tillage, and peanuts were sown with shallow rotary tillage. The width and depth of rotary tillage were both 8 to 10 cm. In subsequent years, corn and peanuts were intercropped in strips, with inter-annual rotation.

[0014] Furthermore, the strip intercropping adopts a 4:4 row ratio or an 8:8 row ratio. When a 4:4 row ratio is adopted, the corn bandwidth is 3L1, and the peanut bandwidth is 3L2; when an 8:8 row ratio is adopted, the corn bandwidth is 7L1, and the peanut bandwidth is 7L2.

[0015] Furthermore, when the strip intercropping adopts a 4:4 row ratio, the width L4 of the intercropping strip is 3L1+3L2+2L3, wherein the position of the corn straw covering strip is the peanut planting strip of the current year, and its width is 3L2, and the corn stubble width is 3L1.

[0016] Furthermore, when the strip intercropping adopts an 8:8 row ratio, the width L4 of the intercropping strip is 7L1+7L2+2L3, wherein the position of the corn straw covering strip is the peanut planting strip of the current year, and its width is 7L2, and the corn stubble width is 7L1.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. The present invention limits the intercropping ratio, corn belt width, peanut belt width, and the bandwidth of the border area between corn and peanuts, straw stubble height, covering position, and tillage method. It makes clear requirements for the planting ridge distance, cultivation method, and tillage method commonly used in production in the Liaohe Plain area. It ensures the feasibility of agricultural machinery operations while complying with agronomic regulations, thereby realizing the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.

[0019] 2. The technical parameters defined in the present invention are in line with the current requirements for the operation of agricultural machinery and are operational; the planting methods and cultivation methods of various ecological regions can be appropriately adjusted on this basis, and are universal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is the wind speed situation at different surface locations under intercropping cover and uncover conditions.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of intercropping's use of light.

[0023] Figure 4 The spatial distribution of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at different spacings.

[0024] In the figure: L1 is the distance between corn rows, L2 is the distance between peanut rows, L3 is the distance between corn rows and peanut rows at the junction, L4 is the width of the intercropping strip, H is the stubble height of corn; C3 represents C3 crops, such as peanuts, and C4 represents C4 crops, such as corn. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Embodiment: A method for planting corn and peanuts in intercropping and annual rotation without minimum tillage in the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1: Determine the planting pattern and row ratio configuration

[0028] When sowing, the seeds are sown in strips to achieve strip intercropping. The row spacing L1 of corn and the row spacing L2 of peanuts are reduced from the original 50cm or 60cm to 40cm, and the distance L3 between adjacent corn and peanuts is increased from the original 50cm or 60cm to 80cm or 120cm, so as to facilitate field management and agricultural machinery operations.

[0029] S2: Harvesting and straw mulching

[0030] During harvesting, peanuts are harvested first. After the peanuts are picked, the peanut vines can be left in the field for fertilizer or packed away for feeding. Then corn is harvested. The stubble height of the harvested corn is 25 to 35 cm. The harvested corn stalks are staggered and covered on the surface of the peanut strip to prevent wind erosion, forming an alternating arrangement of corn stubble and corn stalk covering.

[0031] S3: Farming method and sowing location in the following year

[0032] In the spring of the following year, the corn planting belt and the peanut planting belt were rotated. Corn was directly sown without tillage, and peanuts were sown with shallow rotary tillage and less tillage. During sowing, a shallow rotary tillage and less tillage sowing machine was used to perform narrow rotary tillage in the seedling belt. The rotary tillage width and depth were 8 to 10 cm, both lower than the traditional rotary tillage operation method. In the following years, corn and peanuts were intercropped in strips and rotated annually.

[0033] Other field management is the same as that of local fields.

[0034] The strip intercropping adopts a 4:4 row ratio or an 8:8 row ratio. When a 4:4 row ratio is adopted, the corn bandwidth is 3L1, and the peanut bandwidth is 3L2; when an 8:8 row ratio is adopted, the corn bandwidth is 7L1, and the peanut bandwidth is 7L2.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, when the strip intercropping of the present invention adopts a 4:4 row ratio, the width L4 of the intercropping strip is 3L1+3L2+2L3, i.e., 8 times the original conventional ridge spacing, wherein the position of the corn straw covering strip is the peanut planting strip of the current year, and its width is 3L2, and the corn stubble width is 3L1.

[0036] When the strip intercropping adopts an 8:8 row ratio, the intercropping strip width L4 is 7L1+7L2+2L3, which is 16 times the original conventional ridge spacing. The corn straw covering strip is located at the peanut planting strip of the year, with a width of 7L2, and the corn stubble width is 7L1.

[0037] The present invention is based on a positioning experiment and has the following effects compared with the traditional corn and peanut intercropping:

[0038] (1) Significantly improve crop yield and land productivity (LER) under intercropping conditions

[0039] By comparing the technical effects of traditional corn and peanut intercropping (no optimized strip distance, no conservation tillage) and the optimized corn and peanut intercropping (optimized strip distance, inter-annual rotation without minimum tillage), it was found that the optimized corn and peanut intercropping strips of the present application can increase corn yield by an average of 5.8%, and the 4:4 row ratio peanut yield can increase by 5.2%; the partial land equivalent ratio and system land equivalent ratio of 4:4 corn increased by 5.7% and 1.3%, respectively.

[0040] 5.2%, the partial land equivalent ratio and system land equivalent ratio of 8:8 corn increased by 6.2% and 1.7% respectively, from the original intercropping advantage to a significant intercropping advantage, as shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1 Crop yield and land productivity under different corn and peanut intercropping conditions

[0042]

[0043] Note: The yields of corn and peanuts in the table are the net area yields of crops in the intercropping system

[0044] (2) Significantly improve crop water use efficiency and water productivity (WER) under intercropping conditions

[0045] By implementing the corn and peanut intercropping annual rotation and no-tillage planting method in the present application, the water use efficiency of corn and peanuts in the 4:4 intercropping row ratio can be increased by 5.7% and 5.9%, respectively, and the partial water equivalent ratio can be increased by 5.7% and 3.7%, respectively. The water productivity (WER) under the entire intercropping condition is increased from 1.14 to 1.20, an increase of 5.3%. The water use efficiency of corn in the 8:8 intercropping row ratio is increased by 6.7%, the partial water equivalent ratio is increased by 6.2%, and the water productivity (WER) under the entire intercropping condition is increased from 1.17 to 1.19, an increase of 1.7%, as shown in Table 2.

[0046] Table 2 Crop water use efficiency and water productivity under different corn and peanut intercropping conditions

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Note: The yields used for water use efficiency of corn and peanuts in Table 2 are the net area yields of crops in the intercropping system.

[0050] (3) Significantly reduced near-ground wind speed, reduced soil erosion, and improved soil fertility.

[0051] Under the condition of traditional intercropping without covering, the wind speeds at the bottom, middle and top of the stubble were 0.39, 0.61,

[0052] 0.78m / s; while the wind speeds at the bottom, middle and top of the stubble under the intercropping and covering conditions of this application were 0.22,

[0053] 0.53, 0.54m / s, covering significantly reduces wind speed, which helps reduce soil wind erosion; Figure 2 shown.

[0054] The corn-peanut intercropping of the present application can improve the soil aggregate composition and increase the content of soil macroaggregates, among which, the ≥2 mm aggregates are 19.53 g, significantly higher than the corn monoculture and peanut monoculture treatments; the >0.25 mm aggregates are 55.31 g, significantly higher than the corn monoculture; the <0.25 mm aggregates are 44.68 g, significantly higher than the peanut monoculture treatment. In general, intercropping + rotation is conducive to the formation of soil macroaggregates, as shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3 Content of soil aggregates at different levels under different planting methods

[0056]

[0057] (4) Significantly improved the distribution of light under intercropping conditions and increased the effective use of light.

[0058] Reasonable intercropping of corn and peanuts can increase corn light interception, chlorophyll content, light saturation point and net photosynthetic rate; it can also increase peanut chlorophyll content, reduce light compensation point, increase maximum fluorescence and PSII primary light energy conversion efficiency ( Figure 3 ).Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that by optimizing the distance between corn and peanuts in this method, the photosynthetically active radiation intensity (PAR) of the edge row crops can be increased. The PAR intensity of the 2nd row of peanuts is higher than that of the 1st row of peanuts. The PAR intensity of the edge row after optimization is also higher than that of the traditional intercropping edge row. Therefore, this method can effectively improve light distribution and reduce the shading effect of intercropped tall crops, thereby increasing the utilization of light by peanuts and increasing peanut yield.

[0059] The components not described in detail in this application are all existing conventional technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0060] It can be understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only used to illustrate the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, they are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping and annual rotation of corn and peanuts without minimum tillage, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Determine the planting pattern and row ratio configuration When sowing, sow in strips to achieve strip intercropping; when the conventional ridge spacing in the area is 50 cm, the sowing corn row spacing L1 and the peanut row spacing L2 are both 40 cm, and the distance L3 between adjacent corn and peanuts is 80 cm; when the conventional ridge spacing in the area is 60 cm, the sowing corn row spacing L1 and the peanut row spacing L2 are both 40 cm, and the distance L3 between adjacent corn and peanuts is adjusted to 120 cm, so as to facilitate field management and agricultural machinery operations; S2: Harvesting and straw mulching During harvesting, peanuts are harvested first. After the peanuts are picked, the peanut seedlings are left in the field for fertilizer or packed away for feeding. Then corn is harvested. The stubble height H of the harvested corn is 25 to 35 cm. The harvested corn stalks are staggered and covered on the surface of the peanut strip to prevent wind erosion, forming an alternating arrangement of corn stubble and corn stalk covering. S3: Farming method and sowing location in the following year In the spring of the following year, corn and peanut planting belts were rotated. Corn was directly sown without tillage, and peanuts were sown with shallow rotary tillage. The width and depth of rotary tillage were both 8 to 10 cm. In subsequent years, corn and peanuts were intercropped in strips, with inter-annual rotation.

2. The method for intercropping and annual rotation of corn and peanuts without minimum tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strip intercropping adopts a 4:4 row ratio or an 8:8 row ratio. When a 4:4 row ratio is adopted, the corn bandwidth is 3L1, and the peanut bandwidth is 3L2; when an 8:8 row ratio is adopted, the corn bandwidth is 7L1, and the peanut bandwidth is 7L2.

3. The method for intercropping and annual rotation of corn and peanuts without minimum tillage according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the strip intercropping adopts a 4:4 row ratio, the width L4 of the intercropping strip is 3L1+3L2+2L3, wherein the corn straw covering strip is located at the peanut planting strip of the current year, and its width is 3L2, and the corn stubble width is 3L1.

4. The method for planting corn and peanuts in intercropping and annual rotation without tillage according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the strip intercropping adopts an 8:8 row ratio, the width L4 of the intercropping strip is 7L1+7L2+2L3, wherein the corn straw covering strip is located at the peanut planting strip of the current year, and its width is 7L2, and the corn stubble width is 7L1.

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