Artificial sea crystal for hippocampus culture and preparation method of artificial sea crystal

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of salt chemical industry, and particularly discloses an artificial sea crystal for hippocampus culture and a preparation method thereof, and the sea crystal is mainly composed of a slow-release component and an instant component. The slow-release component is formed by forming sclerotia from composite probiotics through a microbial embedding technology, and the instant component is a disinfection component and a seawater simulation component. The slow-release component and the instant component are tableted through a tabletting method to obtain the artificial sea crystal, and when the artificial sea crystal is used, the instant component can provide appropriate salt and ions, has multiple components, can better simulate a natural seawater environment, does not generate side effects on cultured organisms, and can be dissolved in the initial stage of dissolution, so that the artificial sea crystal is prepared. The disinfection component has disinfection and disinfection effects on the water environment, so that the water quality and the culture survival rate of the sea horses are improved. In addition, the slow-release component not only can improve the immunity and disease resistance of the hippocampus, but also can prevent and treat enteritis, induced by Edwardsiella tarda YT1, of the hippocampus, improve the water environment and promote growth of the hippocampus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of salt chemical industry, and particularly relates to an artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the marine aquaculture industry is becoming more and more developed in its current form. Oceanariums, marine ornamental organisms and seafood aquaculture in the northwest region all require high-quality seawater, and the live transportation, storage and sales of seafood are also inseparable from seawater. The main elements contained in natural seawater include Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, C, and S. Among them, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chlorine mainly exist in the form of ions, carbon elements mainly exist in the form of carbonate and bicarbonate ions, and sulfur elements exist in the form of sulfate ions. In addition to the main elements, natural seawater also includes some minor elements, such as metal ions such as Li, Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb, and Mo. However, the development of science and technology has brought about a large number of seawater pollution problems, such as the increasing content of nitrates and phosphates in seawater year by year, and the residues of radioactive elements, heavy metal ions and pesticides, which make it easy to cause harm to marine life by directly using natural seawater aquaculture; in addition, in inland areas far from the coast, it is extremely inconvenient and uneconomical to transport seawater.

[0003] Based on this, technicians have developed artificial sea crystals, which are actually the product of seawater and salt chemicals. They are obtained through a series of processes such as evaporation, centrifugation, concentration and crystallization of seawater or brine. When used, sea crystals are dissolved in fresh water in a certain proportion to prepare a natural seawater substitute, which can feed various marine organisms and is the best choice to replace natural seawater. This method avoids the pollution of natural seawater and the inconvenience of transportation, making this product widely used in the transportation of seafood and the breeding of marine organisms.

[0004] As a special Chinese medicine variety in my country, seahorse has anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor and other medicinal effects, and is known as the "ginseng in the sea". However, with the changes in the marine environment and the high intensity of fishing over the years, the seahorse resources in natural waters have become increasingly depleted. In 2019, the World Conservation Union listed all species of the genus Hippocampus in the Red List of Endangered Species. The use of wild resources has been banned, affecting the production of many important Chinese medicines. Based on this, the scale of domestic seahorse farming has grown rapidly. As of now, there are more than 100 large-scale seahorse farms in my country. It is estimated that the annual production of seahorses in the country will reach 100 tons of dry products in 2024, with an output value of 800 million yuan. It is expected to reach 500 tons in the next five years, with an output value of 4 billion, which can initially meet the market demand for seahorses. At present, the main breeding modes in China are water tank (bucket) breeding, pond breeding and factory breeding. Therefore, there is a large demand for sea crystal and natural seawater.

[0005] The traditional sea crystal production process is extensive and the ingredients are simple, so there are many problems including: first, due to the simple equipment, the product is not stirred evenly, and the ion concentration is uneven during use, which can easily cause the death of farmed organisms; second, the product has a large water content and is more likely to absorb moisture and deteriorate; third, precipitation is easily produced during the dissolution of the product, which reduces the use effect; fourth, the content of trace elements in the product is low, and the color of farmed organisms is poor, and most of them are temporary artificial sea crystals. In addition, the growth environment of seahorses has high requirements for the environment of water bodies. The frequent occurrence of diseases during the breeding process is one of the main reasons restricting the expansion of breeding scale. Among them, enteritis is one of the most common and most serious diseases, and the mortality rate of seahorses can reach more than 90%. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of high-quality artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding. Summary of the invention

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, an artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding and a preparation method thereof are provided, comprising a fast-dissolving component and a slow-release component, wherein the fast-dissolving component is a disinfection component and a seawater simulation component, and the slow-release component is a sclerotium formed by composite probiotics through encapsulation and coating technology.

[0007] Preferably, the disinfecting components are sodium percarbonate, sodium carbonate, citric acid and sodium chlorite.

[0008] Preferably, the seawater simulation components are sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate and trace elements.

[0009] Preferably, the sclerotium includes compound probiotics, sodium alginate, calcium chloride, fucoidan, boric acid, starch, gelatin and lecithin.

[0010] Preferably, the composite probiotics in the sclerotium are composed of one or more of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and enterococci.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the seawater simulation component to the disinfection component is 100:0.3-0.5; the mass ratio of the seawater simulation component to the sclerotium is 100:1-3; the seawater simulation component is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of sodium chloride, 2-3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 8-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6-8 parts of magnesium chloride, 2-3 parts of sodium sulfate, and 0.01-0.05 parts of trace elements; the mass ratio of sodium percarbonate, sodium carbonate, citric acid and sodium chlorite in the disinfection component is: 2-3:2:1:2-3; every 100 parts of sclerotium are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of sodium alginate, 25-30 parts of calcium chloride, 3-5 parts of brown algae polysaccharide, 5-10 parts of boric acid, 10-15 parts of starch, 0.5-1 part of gelatin, 0.1-0.2 parts of lecithin, and 8-10 parts of probiotics.

[0012] A method for preparing artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (I) respectively weighing sodium alginate, calcium chloride, fucoidan and boric acid, dissolving them in water and sterilizing them at high temperature, cooling them to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solutions to obtain a mixed solution 1; (II) In a sterile environment, add one or more of the composite probiotic lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and enterococci to the mixed solution 1, and slowly stir to obtain a uniform suspension 1; (III) dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, and after solidification, separating by filtration to obtain hardened sclerotia 1; (IV) Weigh starch, gelatin and lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir until all are dissolved, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature and stir with sclerotium 1, let stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; (V) mixing and stirring the refined sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate and trace elements uniformly and drying to obtain a mixture 1; (VI) adding the disinfecting components sodium percarbonate, sodium carbonate, citric acid and sodium chlorite to mixture 1 and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; (VII) Add the sclerotium 2 prepared in step (IV) into the mixture 2, stir until uniform, and press the mixture into tablets using a tablet press to obtain artificial sea crystal.

[0013] Preferably, in step (I), the concentration of sodium alginate solution is 10-30 mg / mL, the concentration of calcium chloride solution is 0.2-0.3 mol / L, the concentration of fucoidan solution is 1-2 g / L, the concentration of boric acid solution is 1.5-2 mol / L, the sterilization temperature is 121°C, and the time is 15 minutes; in step (II), the concentration of composite probiotics is 10 8 -10 9 CFU / mL; the step (III) is cured at 4°C for 30-60 minutes, and as the sodium alginate concentration changes between 1.5-2% w / v, the size of the formed sclerotia is between 1.2-1.6 mm; the step (IV) is stirred for 5-10 minutes; the stirring speed in steps (V) to (VII) is 30-40 rpm, and the drying time is 1.5-3 h; the tablet press pressure in step (VII) is 10 MPa, and the pH of the sea crystal is 8.0-8.5.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The raw material of the present invention is mainly sodium chloride, and also contains abundant minerals and trace elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and boron, which are similar to the composition of seawater and are non-polluting to the environment; (2) In the present invention, sodium percarbonate, sodium carbonate, citric acid and sodium chlorite as effervescent disinfection components can disinfect the water environment in the early stage, reducing the possibility of hippocampal enteritis caused by bacteria and virus infection in the water. At the same time, as fast-dissolving components, after being dissolved in water, a large amount of carbon dioxide is released to accelerate the dissolution of each component. During the dissolution process, sodium chlorite decomposes into chlorine dioxide for sterilization and deodorization, and sodium percarbonate decomposes to produce highly active oxygen. While further accelerating the sterilization effect and speeding up the dissolution of sea crystals, it increases the oxygen content of the water and accelerates the discharge time of chlorine dioxide, thereby reducing the impact of the sterilization components on probiotics; (3) In the present invention, sodium alginate is used to encapsulate the probiotics to form a microcapsule wall, which separates the probiotics from the salt components and disinfection components outside the microcapsule, and can retain the activity of the probiotics to the greatest extent. The size of the formed sclerotia is controlled between 1.2-1.6 mm. At the same time, sodium alginate has good stability and safety. (4) The compound probiotics and brown algae polysaccharide added in the present invention can not only improve the immunity and disease resistance of seahorses, but also promote the growth of seahorses, and improve the survival rate and cultivation efficiency of seahorse breeding; (5) The present invention uses starch, gelatin and lecithin to coat the sclerotia, which can effectively protect the probiotics from being destroyed and consumed in subsequent processes, thereby retaining the probiotics to the greatest extent; (6) The sea crystal tablets of the present invention can control the mass of each tablet to about 10g in the production process, which is more convenient for configuring artificial seawater metering during small-scale seahorse farming; (7) The present invention is generally applicable to marine aquaculture, especially marine ornamental fish. After multiple feeding tests on seahorses, it can stably maintain the healthy survival of seahorses and is suitable for the growth needs of seafood.

[0015] Working principle of the present invention: When the fast-dissolving components come into contact with water, sodium carbonate and solid citric acid react to release a large amount of carbon dioxide, which accelerates the dissolution of each component. During the dissolution process, sodium chlorite decomposes into chlorine dioxide, which is bactericidal and deodorizing, while sodium percarbonate decomposes to produce highly active oxygen. While further accelerating the sterilization effect and speeding up the dissolution of sea crystals, it increases the oxygen content of the water and accelerates the discharge time of chlorine dioxide, reducing the impact of the sterilization components on probiotics. Seafood can be put on the market in a shorter time. The seawater simulation component is mainly composed of sodium chloride, which can simulate the salinity of seawater well. At the same time, various ions and trace elements also further simulate the seawater environment. The microcapsule sclerotia formed by sodium alginate in the sustained-release component can separate the probiotics from the fast-dissolving group outside the capsule wall, retaining the activity of the probiotics to the greatest extent. In addition, the Na in sodium alginate + Ions are Ca 2+The calcium alginate formed after ion replacement dissolves slowly in water and can slowly release probiotics. The pH buffer in the microcapsule can regulate the pH of the water after the calcium alginate dissolves, maintaining the pH of the water between 8.0-8.5 to meet the breeding needs of seahorses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the effects of the composite probiotics and single probiotics of the present invention on the survival rate of seahorse seedlings.

[0017] Figure 2 Observation pictures of the sea crystal tablets of the present invention with and without embedding.

[0018] Figure 3 Observation pictures of the sea crystal tablets of the present invention with and without coating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with specific embodiments to describe the technical solution of the present invention in detail so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the specification. Since the production of sea crystal requires many types of raw materials, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, etc. are easy to absorb moisture, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride contain more crystal water, and some raw materials are acidic, and some raw materials are alkaline. If there is no more scientific feeding order, solid phase reaction is very likely to occur between the raw materials, resulting in the instability of KH and PH of sea crystal, and insoluble precipitation is easily produced during the dissolution process, resulting in turbidity of the water body, which is easy to cause the death of cultured organisms. The new process adjusts the order of raw material addition and the mixing time of raw materials according to the principle of acid-base neutralization reaction and the special chemical properties of some special raw materials, minimizes the solidification phase reaction between materials, and reduces the generation of precipitation after the sea crystal is dissolved. And the preparation of sclerotia also requires a scientific method to avoid the introduction of other bacteria or irregular operations during the preparation process, resulting in a low survival rate of probiotics.

[0020] Embodiment 1, an artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding, including a fast-dissolving component and a slow-release component, wherein the fast-dissolving component is a disinfection component and a seawater simulation component, and the slow-release component is a sclerotium formed by a composite probiotic through an embedding and coating technology. Specifically, it includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: the seawater simulation component includes 65 parts of sodium chloride, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium chloride, 2 parts of sodium sulfate, and 0.03 parts of trace elements; the disinfection component includes 0.1 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid, and 0.1 parts of sodium chlorite.

[0021] The sclerotium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of fucoidan, 5 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of starch, 0.5 parts of gelatin, 0.1 parts of lecithin and 8 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0022] The preparation method is as follows: S1. Weigh 20 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of fucoidan and 5 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 20 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.25 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 1.5 g / L fucoidan solution and 1.5 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, calcium chloride solution, fucoidan solution and boric acid solution in S1 at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 8 parts of lactic acid bacteria to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4. In a sterile environment, drop the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidify it at 4°C for 30 minutes, and separate and obtain hardened sclerotia 1 by filtration; S5, weigh 10 parts of starch, 0.5 parts of gelatin, and 0.1 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 5 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature, stir with sclerotium 1, stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; S6, 65 parts of refined sodium chloride, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium chloride, 2 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.03 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 30 rpm until uniform, and dried for 1.5 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S7, adding 0.1 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.1 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S8. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 2 in step S5 to mixture 2, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0023] Example 2: The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the lactic acid bacteria are replaced by Bacillus.

[0024] A preferred artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding includes a quick-dissolving component and a slow-release component, wherein the quick-dissolving component is a disinfection component and a seawater simulation component, and the slow-release component is a sclerotium formed by a composite probiotic through embedding and coating technology. Specifically, it includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: the seawater simulation component includes 65 parts of sodium chloride, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium chloride, 2 parts of sodium sulfate, and 0.03 parts of trace elements; the disinfection component includes 0.1 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid, and 0.1 parts of sodium chlorite.

[0025] The sclerotium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of fucoidan, 5 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of starch, 0.5 parts of gelatin, 0.1 parts of lecithin and 8 parts of Bacillus.

[0026] The preparation method is as follows: S1. Weigh 20 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of fucoidan and 5 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 20 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.25 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 1.5 g / L fucoidan solution and 1.5 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, calcium chloride solution, fucoidan solution and boric acid solution in S1 at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 8 parts of Bacillus to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4, dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidifying at 4°C for 30 minutes, and obtaining hardened sclerotia 1 by filtering and separating; S5, weigh 10 parts of starch, 0.5 parts of gelatin, and 0.1 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 5 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature, stir with sclerotium 1, stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; S6, 65 parts of refined sodium chloride, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium chloride, 2 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.03 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 30 rpm until uniform, and dried for 1.5 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S7, adding 0.1 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.1 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S8. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 2 in step S5 to mixture 2, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0027] Example 3: The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that lactic acid bacteria are replaced by enterococci.

[0028] A preferred artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding includes a quick-dissolving component and a slow-release component, wherein the quick-dissolving component is a disinfection component and a seawater simulation component, and the slow-release component is a sclerotium formed by a composite probiotic through embedding and coating technology. Specifically, it includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: the seawater simulation component includes 65 parts of sodium chloride, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium chloride, 2 parts of sodium sulfate, and 0.03 parts of trace elements; the disinfection component includes 0.1 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid, and 0.1 parts of sodium chlorite.

[0029] The sclerotium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of fucoidan, 5 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of starch, 0.5 parts of gelatin, 0.1 parts of lecithin and 8 parts of enterococci.

[0030] The preparation method is as follows: S1. Weigh 20 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of fucoidan and 5 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 20 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.25 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 1.5 g / L fucoidan solution and 1.5 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, calcium chloride solution, fucoidan solution and boric acid solution in S1 at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 8 parts of enterococci to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4, dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidifying at 4°C for 30 minutes, and obtaining hardened sclerotia 1 by filtering and separating; S5, weigh 10 parts of starch, 0.5 parts of gelatin, and 0.1 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 5 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature, stir with sclerotium 1, stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; S6, 65 parts of refined sodium chloride, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium chloride, 2 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.03 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 30 rpm until uniform, and dried for 1.5 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S7, adding 0.1 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.1 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S8. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 2 in step S5 to mixture 2, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0031] Example 4: The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the lactic acid bacteria are replaced by a composite probiotic prepared from 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of Bacillus and 3 parts of Enterococcus.

[0032] Combined with the reports on the research of probiotics on seahorse breeding in the existing literature, the probiotic effect of composite probiotics on aquaculture is significantly better than that of single bacteria. Therefore, a preferred artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding includes a quick-dissolving component and a slow-release component. The quick-dissolving component is a disinfection component and a seawater simulation component. The slow-release component is a sclerotium formed by the composite probiotics through embedding and coating technology. Specifically, it includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: the seawater simulation component includes 65 parts of sodium chloride, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium chloride, 2 parts of sodium sulfate, and 0.03 parts of trace elements; the disinfection component includes 0.1 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid, and 0.1 parts of sodium chlorite.

[0033] The sclerotium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of fucoidan, 5 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of starch, 0.5 parts of gelatin, 0.1 parts of lecithin, and 8 parts of compound probiotics (prepared from 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of bacillus and 3 parts of enterococci).

[0034] The preparation method is as follows: S1. Weigh 20 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of fucoidan and 5 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 20 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.25 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 1.5 g / L fucoidan solution and 1.5 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, calcium chloride solution, fucoidan solution and boric acid solution in S1 at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 8 parts of compound probiotics to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4, dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidifying at 4°C for 30 minutes, and obtaining hardened sclerotia 1 by filtering and separating; S5, weigh 10 parts of starch, 0.5 parts of gelatin, and 0.1 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 5 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature, stir with sclerotium 1, stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; S6, 65 parts of refined sodium chloride, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium chloride, 2 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.03 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 30 rpm until uniform, and dried for 1.5 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S7, adding 0.1 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.1 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S8. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 2 in step S5 to mixture 2, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0035] 1.4 kg of artificial sea crystal prepared in Examples 1-4 were mixed with 40 L of fresh water and stirred until clear and transparent to obtain artificial seawater. After 24 hours of clarification, artificial seawater was added to four fish tanks, which were marked as A, B, C, and D. Each fish tank contained 20 seahorse seedlings. The seahorse seedlings were cultured at about 20 ° C. The results are shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, within 45 days of culture, the survival rate of seahorse seedlings in groups AC was between 45% and 56%, while the survival rate of seahorse seedlings in group D of compound probiotics in Example 4 was significantly higher than that of single bacteria.

[0036] Example 5: The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the lactic acid bacteria are replaced by a composite probiotic prepared from 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of Bacillus and 5 parts of Enterococcus.

[0037] A further artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding includes a quick-dissolving component and a slow-release component, wherein the quick-dissolving component is a disinfection component and a seawater simulation component, and the slow-release component is a sclerotium formed by a composite probiotic through an embedding and coating technology. Specifically, it includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: the seawater simulation component includes 75 parts of sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of sodium sulfate, and 0.05 parts of trace elements; the disinfection component includes 0.15 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid, and 0.15 parts of sodium chlorite.

[0038] The sclerotia include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of sodium alginate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of fucoidan, 10 parts of boric acid, 15 parts of starch, 1 part of gelatin, 0.2 parts of lecithin, and 8 parts of compound probiotics (prepared from 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of bacillus and 5 parts of enterococci).

[0039] The preparation method is as follows: S1. Weigh 30 parts of sodium alginate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of fucoidan and 10 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 30 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.3 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 2 g / L fucoidan solution and 2 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, calcium chloride solution, fucoidan solution and boric acid solution in S1 at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 10 parts of the composite probiotics to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4, dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidifying at 4°C for 45 minutes, and obtaining hardened sclerotia 1 by filtering and separating; S5, weigh 15 parts of starch, 1 part of gelatin, and 0.2 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 10 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature, stir with sclerotium 1, stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; S6, 75 parts of refined sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 40 rpm until uniform, and dried for 2 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S7, adding 0.15 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.15 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S8. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 2 in step S5 to mixture 2, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0040] 1.4 kg of artificial sea crystal prepared in Example 5 was mixed with 40 L of fresh water and stirred until clear and transparent to obtain artificial seawater. After 24 hours of clarification, it was added to a fish tank and 20 adult seahorses were cultured at about 20°C. The results are shown in Table 1. The Ca content in the simulated seawater was adjusted from time to time. 2+ Mg 2+ ,PO 4 3+ 、NO 3 - Ions are tested and seawater is replaced. Each time the seawater is replaced, an equal proportion of new simulated seawater is configured. 20% v / v simulated seawater in the fish tank is replaced with the newly configured new simulated seawater. At the same time, the pH and salt concentration in the fish tank also need to be tested.

[0041] The results are shown in Table 1. The seahorse Ca cultured using the artificial sea crystal in Example 5 2+ Mg 2+ ,PO 4 3+ 、NO 3 - The ion concentration and pH were within the normal range during the breeding process, and the seahorses maintained normal survival within 60 days of the experimental breeding.

[0042] Table-1 Daily test data of artificial sea crystal group .

[0043] Comparative Example 1, the difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 5 is that there is no sodium percarbonate in the disinfecting component.

[0044] S1. Weigh 30 parts of sodium alginate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of fucoidan and 10 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 30 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.3 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 2 g / L fucoidan solution and 2 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, calcium chloride solution, fucoidan solution and boric acid solution in S1 at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 10 parts of the composite probiotics to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4, dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidifying at 4°C for 45 minutes, and obtaining hardened sclerotia 1 by filtering and separating; S5, weigh 15 parts of starch, 1 part of gelatin, and 0.2 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 10 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature, stir with sclerotium 1, stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; S6, 75 parts of refined sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 40 rpm until uniform, and dried for 2 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S7, adding 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.15 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S8. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 2 in step S5 to mixture 2, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0045] Comparative Example 2: The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 5 is that there is no sodium chlorite in the disinfection component.

[0046] S1. Weigh 30 parts of sodium alginate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of fucoidan and 10 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 30 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.3 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 2 g / L fucoidan solution and 2 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, calcium chloride solution, fucoidan solution and boric acid solution in S1 at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 10 parts of the composite probiotics to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4, dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidifying at 4°C for 45 minutes, and obtaining hardened sclerotia 1 by filtering and separating; S5, weigh 15 parts of starch, 1 part of gelatin, and 0.2 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 10 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature, stir with sclerotium 1, stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; S6, 75 parts of refined sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 40 rpm until uniform, and dried for 2 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S7, adding 0.15 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate and 0.05 parts of citric acid as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S8. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 2 in step S5 to mixture 2, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0047] Comparative Example 3: The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 5 is that there is no sodium carbonate in the disinfecting component.

[0048] S1. Weigh 30 parts of sodium alginate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of fucoidan and 10 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 30 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.3 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 2 g / L fucoidan solution and 2 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, calcium chloride solution, fucoidan solution and boric acid solution in S1 at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 10 parts of the composite probiotics to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4, dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidifying at 4°C for 45 minutes, and obtaining hardened sclerotia 1 by filtering and separating; S5, weigh 15 parts of starch, 1 part of gelatin, and 0.2 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 10 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature, stir with sclerotium 1, stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; S6, 75 parts of refined sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 40 rpm until uniform, and dried for 2 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S7, adding 0.15 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.15 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S8. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 2 in step S5 to mixture 2, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0049] Comparative Example 4: The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 5 is that there is no citric acid in the disinfection component.

[0050] S1. Weigh 30 parts of sodium alginate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of fucoidan and 10 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 30 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.3 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 2 g / L fucoidan solution and 2 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, calcium chloride solution, fucoidan solution and boric acid solution in S1 at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 10 parts of the composite probiotics to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4, dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidifying at 4°C for 45 minutes, and obtaining hardened sclerotia 1 by filtering and separating; S5, weigh 15 parts of starch, 1 part of gelatin, and 0.2 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 10 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature, stir with sclerotium 1, stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; S6, 75 parts of refined sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 40 rpm until uniform, and dried for 2 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S7, adding 0.15 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate and 0.15 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S8. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 2 in step S5 to mixture 2, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0051] Take 10g of sea crystal tablets in Example 5 and Reference Examples 1-4 respectively, put them into 300mL fresh water to observe the dissolution rate, and the results are shown in Table-2. After adding sodium percarbonate in Example 2, the dissolution rate of sea crystal tablets is much greater than that of reference example 1 without adding sodium percarbonate, and sodium carbonate and citric acid are commonly used acid and base components for effervescent tablets. The dissolution rate will be significantly slowed down after the lack of acid component reference example 3 or base component reference example 4. The lack of sodium chlorite in reference example 2 does not have a very obvious effect on the dissolution rate of sea crystal tablets, but sodium chlorite plays an indispensable role as an important disinfectant in effervescent tablets.

[0052] Table-2 Effect of sodium percarbonate on the dissolution rate of sea crystal tablets .

[0053] Comparative Example 5: The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 5 is that there is no sterilizing component, no sterile core, and no encapsulation step.

[0054] Mix 75 parts of refined sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements, stir at 40 rpm until uniform, dry for 2 hours, and press into tablets at a pressure of 10 MPa using a tablet press to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0055] Comparative Example 6: The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 5 is that the sterile nucleus has no encapsulation step.

[0056] S1, 75 parts of refined sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 40 rpm until uniform, and dried for 2 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S2. Add 0.15 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.15 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, stir until uniform, and press the mixture into tablets at a pressure of 10 MPa using a tablet press to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0057] Take 10g of the sea crystal tablets from the three groups of control examples 5 and 6, put them into 500mL of fresh water, place them in a sealed container at room temperature for 1h, shake them well, and then use a sterile pipette to draw 1mL of water sample and inject it into a sterile plate dish. After shaking the plate well, incubate it in a 37℃ incubator for 48h, and count the colonies. The results are shown in Table 3. The total number of colonies in the water body with added disinfection components is much smaller than that without adding disinfection components. Therefore, the addition of disinfection components is necessary. The water environment can be disinfected and sterilized at the initial stage of dissolution of artificial sea crystals to reduce the incidence of cultured organisms.

[0058] Table-3 Effect of disinfection components on the total number of colonies in the water environment .

[0059] Control Example 7: The difference between Control Example 7 and Example 5 is that there is no probiotics.

[0060] S1. Weigh 30 parts of sodium alginate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of fucoidan and 10 parts of boric acid and dissolve them in water; S2, respectively preparing solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 30 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.3 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 2 g / L fucoidan solution and 2 mol / L boric acid solution; S3. In a sterile environment, drop the mixed solution 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidify at 4° C. for 45 minutes, and separate by filtration to obtain a hardened probiotic-free core 1; S4, weigh starch, gelatin and lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 10 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature and stir with kernel 1, let stand and dry at room temperature to obtain kernel 2; S5, mixing 75 parts of refined sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements, stirring at 40 rpm until uniform, and drying to obtain a mixture 1; S6, adding 0.15 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.15 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S7, adding 3 portions of kernel 2 in step S4 to mixture 2, stirring until uniform, and finally obtaining sea crystal tablets by tablet pressing machine under a pressure of 10 MPa, each tablet weighing about 10 g.

[0061] 1.4 kg of artificial sea crystal prepared in Control Example 7 was mixed with 40 L of fresh water and stirred until clear and transparent to obtain artificial seawater. After 24 hours of clarification, it was added into the fish tank and 20 adult seahorses were cultured at about 20°C. The results are shown in Table 4. The Ca content in the simulated seawater was measured irregularly. 2+ Mg 2+ ,PO 4 3+ 、NO 3 - , pH and salt concentration ions are tested and the seawater is replaced. Each time the seawater is replaced, an equal proportion of new simulated seawater is prepared, and 20% v / v simulated seawater in the fish tank is replaced with the newly prepared new simulated seawater.

[0062] Table-4 Daily test data of the group without probiotics and the group with artificial sea crystal .

[0063] The results are shown in Table 4. The ion concentration and pH of the seahorses cultured using the artificial sea crystals of Control Example 7 were within the normal range during the culture process, but the seahorses died after 19 days of culture. Therefore, artificial sea crystals without probiotics cannot sustain the survival needs of seahorses in the long term.

[0064] Control Example 8: The difference between Control Example 8 and Example 5 is that there is no probiotic embedding step.

[0065] S1. Weigh 30 parts of sodium alginate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of brown algae polysaccharide and 10 parts of boric acid, sterilize for 15 minutes, cool to room temperature, and then cool to room temperature and mix with 10 parts of compound probiotics to obtain a mixture 1. S2, weigh 15 parts of starch, 1 part of gelatin, and 0.2 parts of lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir for 10 minutes, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature and stir with mixture 1, let stand and dry at room temperature, and obtain sclerotium 1; S3, 75 parts of refined sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 40 rpm until uniform, and dried for 2 hours to obtain a mixture 2; S4, adding 0.15 parts of sodium percarbonate, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.15 parts of sodium chlorite as disinfection components to mixture 2, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 3; S5. Add 3 portions of sclerotia 1 in step S2 to the mixture 3, stir until uniform, and use a tablet press to compress the mixture under a pressure of 10 MPa to finally obtain sea crystal tablets, each weighing about 10 g.

[0066] 10 g of sea crystal tablets from Example 5 and Comparative Example 8 were sterilized under ultraviolet light, dissolved in the prepared culture solution, cultured in an incubator at 37°C for 12 h, and sampled and diluted for observation under Gram staining. Figure 1 As shown, the number of probiotics after embedding with sodium alginate in Example 5 is significantly greater than the number of probiotics not embedded in Control Example 5, so embedding with microcapsules is more conducive to the retention of probiotics.

[0067] Comparative Example 9: The difference between Comparative Example 9 and Example 5 is that there is no coating step.

[0068] S1. Weigh 30 parts of sodium alginate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of fucoidan and 10 parts of boric acid respectively and dissolve them in water to prepare solutions of corresponding concentrations to obtain 30 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, 0.3 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 2 g / L fucoidan solution and 2 mol / L boric acid solution; S2, sterilizing the sodium alginate solution, the calcium chloride solution, the fucoidan solution and the boric acid solution at 121° C. for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solution in proportion to obtain a mixed solution 1; S3. In a sterile environment, add 10 parts of the composite probiotics to the mixed solution 1 and stir slowly to obtain a uniform suspension 1; S4, dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, solidifying at 4°C for 60 minutes, and obtaining hardened sclerotia 1 by filtering and separating; S5, 75 parts of sodium chloride, 3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of sodium sulfate and 0.05 parts of trace elements were mixed, stirred at 40 rpm until uniform, and dried for 2 hours to obtain a mixture 1; S6, adding 0.15 parts of the disinfection component, 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate, 0.05 parts of citric acid and 0.15 parts of sodium chlorite to mixture 1, and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; S7, adding the sclerotium 1 in step S4 to the mixture 2, stirring until uniform, and finally obtaining sea crystal tablets by a tablet press at a pressure of 10 MPa, each weighing about 10 g.

[0069] 10 g of the sea crystal tablets in Example 5 and Comparative Example 9 were sterilized under ultraviolet light, dissolved in the prepared culture solution, cultured in an incubator at 37°C for 12 h, and sampled and diluted for observation under Gram staining. Figure 2 As shown, the number of probiotics after encapsulation in Example 5 is significantly greater than the number of probiotics not encapsulated by starch, gelatin and lecithin in Control Example 9. Combined with the results of Control Example 8, it is shown that encapsulation after encapsulating probiotics to form microcapsules is necessary for the retention of probiotics, and the result is far better than the single protection effect on probiotics.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of the present invention to appropriately change the composition and proportion of the ingredients to achieve other corresponding purposes, and the relevant changes do not deviate from the content of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding, characterized by: The sea crystal is made of a quick-dissolving component and a slow-release component. The quick-dissolving component is a disinfection component and a seawater simulation component, and the slow-release component is a sclerotium formed by composite probiotics through embedding and coating technology.

2. The artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection components are sodium percarbonate, sodium carbonate, citric acid and sodium chlorite.

3. The artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seawater simulation components are sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate and trace elements.

4. The artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sclerotium comprises compound probiotics, sodium alginate, calcium chloride, fucoidan, boric acid, starch, gelatin and lecithin.

5. The artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite probiotics in the sclerotium are composed of one or more of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and enterococci.

6. The artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the seawater simulation component to the disinfection component is 100:0.3-0.5; the mass ratio of the seawater simulation component to the sclerotium is 100:1-3; the seawater simulation component is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of sodium chloride, 2-3.5 parts of potassium chloride, 8-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6-8 parts of magnesium chloride, 2-3 parts of sodium sulfate, and 0.01-0.05 parts of trace elements; the mass ratio of sodium percarbonate, sodium carbonate, citric acid and sodium chlorite in the disinfection component is: 2-3:2:1:2-3; every 100 parts of sclerotium are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of sodium alginate, 25-30 parts of calcium chloride, 3-5 parts of brown algae polysaccharide, 5-10 parts of boric acid, 10-15 parts of starch, 0.5-1 part of gelatin, 0.1-0.2 parts of lecithin, and 8-10 parts of probiotics.

7. The method for preparing artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method steps are as follows: (I) respectively weighing sodium alginate, calcium chloride, fucoidan and boric acid, dissolving them in water and sterilizing them at high temperature, cooling them to room temperature, and then mixing the sodium alginate, fucoidan and boric acid solutions to obtain a mixed solution 1; (II) In a sterile environment, add one or more of the composite probiotic lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and enterococci to the mixed solution 1, and slowly stir to obtain a uniform suspension 1; (III) dropping the suspension 1 into a calcium chloride solution, and after solidification, separating by filtration to obtain hardened sclerotia 1; (IV) Weigh starch, gelatin and lecithin, add a small amount of hot water and stir until all are dissolved, sterilize at high temperature, cool to room temperature and stir with sclerotium 1, let stand and dry at room temperature to obtain sclerotium 2; (V) mixing and stirring the refined sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate and trace elements uniformly and drying to obtain a mixture 1; (VI) adding the disinfecting components sodium percarbonate, sodium carbonate, citric acid and sodium chlorite to mixture 1 and stirring until uniform to obtain mixture 2; (VII) Add the sclerotium 2 prepared in step (IV) into the mixture 2, stir until uniform, and press the mixture into tablets using a tablet press to obtain artificial sea crystal.

8. A method for preparing artificial sea crystal for seahorse breeding according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (I), the concentration of sodium alginate solution is 10-30 mg / mL, the concentration of calcium chloride solution is 0.2-0.3 mol / L, the concentration of fucoidan solution is 1-2 g / L, the concentration of boric acid solution is 1.5-2 mol / L, the sterilization temperature is 121°C, and the time is 15 minutes; in step (II), the concentration of compound probiotics is 10 8 -10 9 CFU / mL; step (III) is cured at 4°C for 30-60 minutes, and as the sodium alginate concentration changes between 1.5-2% w / v, the size of the formed sclerotia is between 1.2-1.6 mm; step (IV) is stirred for 5-10 minutes; in steps (V) to (VII), the stirring speed is 30-40 rpm, and the drying time is 1.5-3 h; in step (VII), the tablet press pressure is 10 MPa and the sea crystal pH is 8.0-8.5.

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