Synthetic gas washing tower

Abstract

The invention provides a synthesis gas washing tower which comprises a tower body, a tower tray structure and a first downcomer, the tower body is provided with an overflowing cavity, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the gas inlet and the gas outlet are communicated with the overflowing cavity; the plurality of tower tray structures are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tower body; wherein at least one of the plurality of tower tray structures is provided with a water distribution pipe, the water distribution pipe extends along the horizontal direction, the water distribution pipe is provided with a plurality of spraying openings, and the plurality of spraying openings are used for spraying water to the tower tray structures; the first end of the first downcomer extends into the overflowing cavity and is communicated with the water distribution pipe, and the second end of the first downcomer is positioned outside the overflowing cavity and is communicated with an external water source; a plurality of first downcomers are arranged, and the first ends of the plurality of first downcomers are respectively communicated with different positions of the water distribution pipe. According to the invention, the problem that the water carrying phenomenon of synthesis gas is relatively serious due to the fact that the tower tray of the synthesis gas washing tower in the prior art is extremely easy to block due to the unreasonable structure of the tower tray is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of synthesis gas washing equipment, in particular to a synthesis gas washing tower. Background Art

[0002] Coal gasification is an important part of the modern coal chemical industry. Whether it is coal liquefaction that mainly produces oil products, or coal chemical industry that mainly produces chemical products, coal gasification technology is the key technology of the entire production process.

[0003] The syngas washing tower is one of the important components of the coal chemical gasification device. Its function is to perform crude synthesis of gas during the operation of the gasifier and form crude syngas. The crude syngas is washed by the syngas washing tower and the ash powder in the crude syngas is washed clean, so as to meet the production needs of subsequent production units. During the operation of the production unit, the syngas washing tower flushes the tower plates inside it with high-pressure circulating water. Since there are more suspended matter in the high-pressure circulating water, long-term flushing of the tower plates of the syngas washing tower is prone to cause tower plate scaling. When the gasifier is under high load, it is very easy to cause water to be carried by the syngas washing tower, which seriously restricts the long-term full-load operation of the gasifier.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the operating stability of the synthesis gas washing tower and avoid the liquid level of the synthesis gas washing tower being too low due to the synthesis gas carrying water, which causes the gasifier interlock to jump, is one of the bottlenecks in the development of the coal chemical industry. The structure of the tower plate in the synthesis gas washing tower is unreasonable, and the water quality of the flushing water used to flush the tower plate contains too much suspended matter and is poor, which can easily lead to dust accumulation in the bubble cap of the fourth-layer tower plate, causing the synthesis gas flow gap to become smaller, resulting in the tower plate being blocked, making the phenomenon of synthesis gas carrying water more serious. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a synthesis gas washing tower to solve the problem that the tower plates of the synthesis gas washing tower in the prior art are easily blocked due to unreasonable structure, resulting in serious water-carrying phenomenon of the synthesis gas.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a synthesis gas washing tower, comprising a tower body, a tower plate structure, and a first downcomer, wherein the tower body has a flow chamber and an air inlet and an exhaust port connected to the flow chamber; there are multiple tower plate structures, and the multiple tower plate structures are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tower body; wherein at least one of the multiple tower plate structures is provided with a water distribution pipe, and the water distribution pipe extends in a horizontal direction, and the water distribution pipe has multiple spray ports, and the multiple spray ports are used to spray water onto the tower plate structure; the first end of the first downcomer extends into the flow chamber and is connected to the water distribution pipe, and the second end of the first downcomer is located outside the flow chamber and is connected to an external water source; there are multiple first downcomers, and the first ends of the multiple first downcomers are respectively connected to different positions of the water distribution pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, the water distribution pipe has multiple connecting ports, which are evenly spaced along the length direction of the water distribution pipe. The multiple first downcomers correspond one-to-one to the multiple connecting ports, and the first end of each first downcomer is connected to the water distribution pipe through the connecting port.

[0008] Furthermore, the first tube diameter D1 of the first downcomer ranges from 3 inches to 10 inches.

[0009] Furthermore, the synthesis gas washing tower also includes a cofferdam structure, which is connected to the cavity wall of the flow cavity, and the cofferdam structure is connected to the tower plate structure and is located on a part of the outer peripheral side of the tower plate structure to form a disc shape with the tower plate structure; there are multiple cofferdam structures, and the multiple cofferdam structures correspond to the multiple tower plate structures one by one; wherein the cofferdam structure has an overflow channel, the first end of the overflow channel penetrates the end surface of the cofferdam structure facing the tower plate structure to form an overflow hole, and the overflow hole is connected to the flow channel of the tower plate structure; the second end of the overflow channel penetrates the end surface of the cofferdam structure facing downward To form a spray hole for spraying water onto another adjacent tower plate structure located below through the spray hole, and / or, to spray water onto another adjacent cofferdam structure located below through the spray hole; at least one of the multiple cofferdam structures has a flow opening on the upward end surface, and the flow opening is connected to the overflow channel; the spray hole of the cofferdam structure connected to at least the tower plate structure with the water distribution pipe is connected to the first end of the second downcomer, and the second end of the second downcomer is connected to the flow opening on another adjacent cofferdam structure located below.

[0010] Furthermore, there are multiple overflow holes, and the multiple overflow holes are arranged at intervals; and / or, there are multiple spray holes, and the multiple spray holes are arranged at intervals; there are multiple flow ports, and the multiple flow ports are arranged at intervals; there are multiple second downcomers, and the first end of each second downcomer is connected to the corresponding spray holes, and the second end of each second downcomer is connected to the corresponding flow ports.

[0011] Furthermore, the second tube diameter D2 of the second downcomer ranges from 3 inches to 10 inches.

[0012] Furthermore, a central avoidance hole is provided at the top of the bubble cap of at least the tray structure having the water distribution pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the diameter of the central avoidance hole ranges from 5 to 15 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the synthesis gas washing tower also includes a demister and a third downcomer, wherein the demister is arranged in the flow chamber and located at the top of the flow chamber, the demister has a separation chamber and a gas discharge port connected to the separation chamber, and the separation chamber is used to separate gas and liquid; the first end of the third downcomer is connected to the separation chamber, and the second end of the third downcomer is connected to the flow port on the cofferdam structure located at the top; wherein the cofferdam structure has multiple flow ports, and there are multiple third downcomers, and the multiple third downcomers correspond one-to-one to the multiple flow ports, the first end of each third downcomer is connected to the separation chamber, and the second end of each third downcomer is connected to the corresponding flow ports on the cofferdam structure located at the top.

[0015] Further, a first end of at least one of the plurality of third downcomers is communicated with a conical position of the separation chamber, and first ends of the remaining third downcomers are communicated with circumferential positions of the separation chamber.

[0016] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, there is provided a synthesis gas washing tower, comprising a tower body and a tower plate structure, wherein the tower body has a flow chamber and an air inlet and an air outlet connected to the flow chamber; there are multiple tower plate structures, and the multiple tower plate structures are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tower body; wherein at least one of the multiple tower plate structures is provided with a water distribution pipe, and the water distribution pipe extends in a horizontal direction, and the water distribution pipe has multiple spray ports, and the multiple spray ports are used to spray water onto the tower plate structure; a first downcomer, the first end of the first downcomer extends into the flow chamber and is connected to the water distribution pipe, and the second end of the first downcomer is located outside the flow chamber and is connected to an external water source; there are multiple first downcomers, and the first ends of the multiple first downcomers are respectively connected to different positions of the water distribution pipe.

[0017] The present application arranges a plurality of first downcomers, and respectively connects the first ends of the plurality of first downcomers to different positions of the water distribution pipe, to ensure that the plurality of spray ports flowing into the water distribution pipe can spray water as evenly as possible, thereby ensuring the uniform wetting of the tower plate structure by the spray water. In addition, since the second end of each first downcomer is connected to an external water source, water with better external water quality is introduced to avoid clogging of the tower plate structure due to poor water quality and a large amount of suspended matter in the water, thereby minimizing the occurrence of water in the synthesis gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a synthesis gas washing tower according to an optional embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 2Shows Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in FIG.

[0021] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a top view of a fourth tray of a tray structure of a synthesis gas scrubber;

[0022] Figure 4 Shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the third tray of the tray structure of the synthesis gas washing tower from a top view;

[0023] Figure 5 Shows Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the third layer of the tray structure of the synthesis gas washing tower from an upward perspective.

[0024] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0025] 10. Tower body; 11. Flow chamber;

[0026] 20. Tower tray structure; 21. First tower tray; 22. Second tower tray; 23. Third tower tray; 24. Fourth tower tray; 25. Fifth tower tray; 26. Sixth tower tray;

[0027] 30. water distribution pipe; 31. connecting port;

[0028] 40. first downcomer;

[0029] 50. Cofferdam structure; 51. Overflow channel; 52. Overflow hole; 53. Spray hole; 54. Overflow port;

[0030] 60. Second downcomer;

[0031] 70. demister; 71. separation chamber; 72. gas discharge port;

[0032] 80. The third downcomer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In order to solve the problem that the trays of the synthesis gas washing tower in the prior art are easily blocked due to unreasonable structure, resulting in serious water-carrying phenomenon of the synthesis gas, the present invention provides a synthesis gas washing tower.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the synthesis gas washing tower includes a tower body 10, a tray structure 20 and a first downcomer 40, wherein the tower body 10 has a flow chamber 11 and an air inlet and an exhaust port connected to the flow chamber 11; there are multiple tray structures 20, and the multiple tray structures 20 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tower body 10; wherein at least one tray structure 20 among the multiple tray structures 20 is provided with a water distribution pipe 30, and the water distribution pipe 30 extends in the horizontal direction, and the water distribution pipe 30 has multiple spray ports, and the multiple spray ports are used to spray water onto the tray structure 20; the first end of the first downcomer 40 extends into the flow chamber 11 and is connected to the water distribution pipe 30, and the second end of the first downcomer 40 is located outside the flow chamber 11 and is connected to an external water source; there are multiple first downcomers 40, and the first ends of the multiple first downcomers 40 are respectively connected to different positions of the water distribution pipe 30.

[0036] The present application arranges a plurality of first downcomers 40, and respectively connects the first ends of the plurality of first downcomers 40 with different positions of the water distribution pipe 30, to ensure that the plurality of spray ports flowing into the water distribution pipe 30 can spray water as evenly as possible, thereby ensuring the uniform wetting of the tower plate structure 20 by the spray water. In addition, since the second ends of the first downcomers 40 are connected to an external water source, water with better external water quality is introduced to avoid clogging of the tower plate structure 20 due to poor water quality and a large amount of suspended matter in the water, thereby minimizing the occurrence of water in the synthesis gas.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the water distribution pipe 30 has a plurality of communication openings 31, which are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the water distribution pipe 30. The plurality of first downcomers 40 correspond to the plurality of communication openings 31 one by one, and the first end of each first downcomer 40 is connected to the water distribution pipe 30 through the communication opening 31. In this way, the external water source introduced by the first downcomer 40 is ensured to be evenly distributed on the water distribution pipe 30.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the present application, the first tube diameter D1 of the first downcomer 40 has a value range of 3 to 10 inches.

[0039] Preferably, the first tube diameter D1 of the first downcomer 40 is 6 inches.

[0040] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the synthesis gas washing tower also includes a cofferdam structure 50, which is connected to the cavity wall surface of the flow cavity 11, and the cofferdam structure 50 is connected to the tower plate structure 20 and is located on a part of the outer peripheral side of the tower plate structure 20, so as to form a disc shape with the tower plate structure 20; there are multiple cofferdam structures 50, and the multiple cofferdam structures 50 correspond to the multiple tower plate structures 20 one by one; wherein the cofferdam structure 50 has an overflow channel 51, and the first end of the overflow channel 51 penetrates the end surface of the cofferdam structure 50 facing the tower plate structure 20 to form an overflow hole 52, and the overflow hole 52 is connected to the flow channel of the tower plate structure 20; the second end of the overflow channel 51 penetrates the end surface of the cofferdam structure 50 facing downward The surface is formed with a spray hole 53 for spraying water onto another adjacent tower plate structure 20 located below through the spray hole 53, and / or for spraying water onto another adjacent cofferdam structure 50 located below through the spray hole 53; at least one of the multiple cofferdam structures 50 has an overflow port 54 formed on the upward end surface, and the overflow port 54 is connected to the overflow channel 51; the spray hole 53 of the cofferdam structure 50 connected to at least the tower plate structure 20 having the water distribution pipe 30 is connected to the first end of the second downcomer 60, and the second end of the second downcomer 60 is connected to the overflow port 54 on another adjacent cofferdam structure 50 located below.

[0041] It should be noted that in this application, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the tower plate structure 20 includes a first tower plate 21, a second tower plate 22, a third tower plate 23, a fourth tower plate 24, a fifth tower plate 25, and a sixth tower plate 26, and correspondingly arranged are a first cofferdam structure 50, a second cofferdam structure 50, a third cofferdam structure 50, a fourth cofferdam structure 50, a fifth cofferdam structure 50, and a sixth cofferdam structure 50, wherein the fourth tower plate 24 has a water distribution pipe 30, and the corresponding fourth cofferdam structure 50 has at least an overflow channel 51, an overflow hole 52, and a spray hole 53, the third cofferdam structure 50 has an overflow channel 51, an overflow hole 52, a spray hole 53, and a flow port 54, and the sixth cofferdam structure 50 has an overflow channel 51, an overflow hole 52, a spray hole 53, and a flow port 54. In this way, it is ensured that the water sprayed by the water distribution pipe 30 onto the fourth-layer tower tray 24 can flow into the overflow channel 51 through the overflow hole 52, and flow into the flow port 54 of the third-layer cofferdam structure 50 through the spray hole 53 and the second downcomer 60, flow into the overflow channel 51 of the third-layer cofferdam structure 50, and flow to the third-layer tower tray 23 through the overflow hole 52 of the third-layer cofferdam structure 50, and spray water downward through the spray hole 53 of the third-layer cofferdam structure 50 and spray onto the second-layer tower tray 22, so that the water on the second-layer tower tray 22 continues to flow to the overflow channel 51 of the second-layer cofferdam structure 50 through the overflow hole 52 of the second-layer cofferdam structure 50, and then continues to flow downward through the spray hole 53 of the second-layer cofferdam structure 50, and so on.

[0042] Optionally, there are multiple overflow holes 52, which are arranged at intervals; and / or there are multiple spray holes 53, which are arranged at intervals; there are multiple flow openings 54, which are arranged at intervals; there are multiple second downcomers 60, and the first end of each second downcomer 60 is connected to the corresponding spray holes 53, and the second end of each second downcomer 60 is connected to the corresponding flow openings 54. In this way, it is ensured that the multiple second downcomers 60 can synchronously realize the timely introduction of water in the overflow channel 51 of the fourth cofferdam structure 50 into the overflow channel 51 of the third cofferdam structure 50.

[0043] It should be noted that, in the present application, the second tube diameter D2 of the second downcomer 60 has a value ranging from 3 inches to 10 inches.

[0044] Preferably, the second tube diameter D2 of the second downcomer 60 is 6 inches.

[0045] It should be noted that, in the present application, a central avoidance hole is provided at the top of the bubble cap of at least the tray structure 20 having the water distribution pipe 30. Thus, the setting of the central avoidance hole is conducive to the avoidance of the gas entering from the air inlet at the bottom of the flow chamber 11.

[0046] It should be noted that, in the present application, the diameter of the central avoidance hole ranges from 5 to 15 mm.

[0047] Preferably, the diameter of the central avoidance hole is 10 mm.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the synthesis gas washing tower also includes a demister 70 and a third downcomer 80, wherein the demister 70 is arranged in the flow chamber 11 and located at the cavity top position of the flow chamber 11, the demister 70 has a separation chamber 71 and a gas discharge port 72 connected to the separation chamber 71, and the separation chamber 71 is used to separate gas and liquid; the first end of the third downcomer 80 is connected to the separation chamber 71, and the second end of the third downcomer 80 is connected to the flow port 54 located on the top cofferdam structure 50; wherein the cofferdam structure 50 has a plurality of flow ports 54, and there are a plurality of third downcomers 80, and the plurality of third downcomers 80 correspond to the plurality of flow ports 54 one by one, and the first end of each third downcomer 80 is connected to the separation chamber 71, and the second end of each third downcomer 80 is connected to the corresponding flow ports 54 located on the top cofferdam structure 50. Thus, by arranging the third downcomers 80 in a plurality of structures, it is ensured that the separated water in the separation chamber 71 can be discharged in time, that is, the liquid reflux rate of the demister 70 is increased and the water content of the synthesis gas is reduced.

[0049] It should be noted that, in the present application, the third tube diameter D3 of the third downcomer 80 is 3 inches.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the first end of at least one of the plurality of third downcomers 80 is communicated with the conical portion of the separation chamber 71, and the first ends of the remaining third downcomers 80 are communicated with the circumferential positions of the separation chamber 71. In this way, it is ensured that the water separated in the separation chamber 71 can flow into the flow port 54 on the sixth cofferdam structure 50 through the third downcomers 80 as quickly as possible under the action of its own gravity.

[0051] It should be noted that, in the present application, a 2-inch orifice pipe is provided at the conical portion of the separation chamber 71 , and is connected to the first end of the third downcomer 80 through the orifice pipe.

[0052] The present application arranges a plurality of first downcomers 40, and respectively connects the first ends of the plurality of first downcomers 40 with different positions of the water distribution pipe 30, to ensure that the plurality of spray ports flowing into the water distribution pipe 30 can spray water as evenly as possible, thereby ensuring the uniform wetting of the tower plate structure 20 by the spray water. In addition, since the second ends of the first downcomers 40 are connected to an external water source, water with better external water quality is introduced to avoid clogging of the tower plate structure 20 due to poor water quality and a large amount of suspended matter in the water, thereby minimizing the occurrence of water in the synthesis gas.

[0053] Beneficial effects of this application:

[0054] This new process has the following advantages:

[0055] (1) After the transformation, the flushing water of the synthesis gas washing tower is introduced into the fourth-layer tower tray 24, which effectively improves the water quality of the flushing water of the fourth-layer tower tray 24.

[0056] (2) A central avoidance hole is opened on the top of the bubble cap of the fourth layer tray 24 to increase the flow area of ​​the synthesis gas, effectively reducing the occurrence of water in the synthesis gas washing tower.

[0057] (3) The tray structure of the synthesis gas scrubber is optimized, and the number of discharge pipelines of the original demister at the top of the synthesis gas scrubber is increased to ensure that when liquid is carried on the tray of the synthesis gas scrubber, the situation where the liquid level of the synthesis gas scrubber drops too fast is alleviated to the greatest extent possible.

[0058] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0059] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps described in these embodiments, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be regarded as a part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0060] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0061] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0062] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A synthesis gas scrubber, characterized in that: include: A tower body (10), the tower body (10) having a flow chamber (11) and an air inlet and an air outlet communicated with the flow chamber (11); A tower tray structure (20), wherein the tower tray structure (20) is multiple, and the multiple tower tray structures (20) are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tower body (10); At least one of the plurality of tray structures (20) is provided with a water distribution pipe (30), and the water distribution pipe (30) extends in a horizontal direction. The water distribution pipe (30) has a plurality of spray ports, and the plurality of spray ports are used to spray water onto the tray structure (20); a first downcomer (40), wherein a first end of the first downcomer (40) extends into the flow chamber (11) and is in communication with the water distribution pipe (30), and a second end of the first downcomer (40) is located outside the flow chamber (11) and is in communication with an external water source; There are a plurality of first downcomers (40), and first ends of the plurality of first downcomers (40) are respectively connected to different positions of the water distribution pipe (30).

2. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water distribution pipe (30) has a plurality of communication openings (31), and the plurality of communication openings (31) are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the water distribution pipe (30). The plurality of first downcomers (40) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of communication openings (31), and the first end of each of the first downcomers (40) is connected to the water distribution pipe (30) through the communication opening (31).

3. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first tube diameter D1 of the first downcomer (40) has a value ranging from 3 inches to 10 inches.

4. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synthesis gas washing tower also includes: a cofferdam structure (50), the cofferdam structure (50) being connected to the cavity wall surface of the flow cavity (11), the cofferdam structure (50) being connected to the tower tray structure (20) and being located on a part of the outer circumference of the tower tray structure (20) so as to form a disc shape with the tower tray structure (20); There are a plurality of the cofferdam structures (50), and the plurality of the cofferdam structures (50) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of the tower tray structures (20); The cofferdam structure (50) has an overflow channel (51), a first end of the overflow channel (51) penetrates the end surface of the cofferdam structure (50) on a side facing the tray structure (20) to form an overflow hole (52), and the overflow hole (52) is connected to the flow channel of the tray structure (20); The second end of the overflow channel (51) penetrates the downward end surface of the cofferdam structure (50) to form a spray hole (53) for spraying water onto another adjacent tray structure (20) located below through the spray hole (53), and / or for spraying water onto another adjacent cofferdam structure (50) located below through the spray hole (53); At least one of the plurality of cofferdam structures (50) has an overflow port (54) on its upward end surface, and the overflow port (54) is in communication with the overflow channel (51); The spray hole (53) of the cofferdam structure (50) connected to at least the tower plate structure (20) having the water distribution pipe (30) is communicated with the first end of the second downcomer (60), and the second end of the second downcomer (60) is communicated with the flow port (54) on another adjacent cofferdam structure (50) located below.

5. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are a plurality of overflow holes (52), and the plurality of overflow holes (52) are arranged at intervals; and / or, There are a plurality of spray holes (53), and the plurality of spray holes (53) are arranged at intervals; There are a plurality of flow openings (54), and the plurality of flow openings (54) are arranged at intervals; There are a plurality of second downcomers (60), and the first end of each of the second downcomers (60) is connected to the corresponding spray holes (53), and the second end of each of the second downcomers (60) is connected to the corresponding flow ports (54).

6. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second tube diameter D2 of the second downcomer (60) has a value ranging from 3 inches to 10 inches.

7. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: A central avoidance hole is provided at the top of the bubble cap of the tower tray structure (20) having at least the water distribution pipe (30).

8. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The diameter of the central avoidance hole ranges from 5 to 15 mm.

9. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The synthesis gas washing tower also includes: a demister (70), the demister (70) being arranged in the flow chamber (11) and located at the top of the flow chamber (11), the demister (70) comprising a separation chamber (71) and a gas discharge port (72) communicating with the separation chamber (71), the separation chamber (71) being used for separating gas and liquid; a third downcomer (80), wherein a first end of the third downcomer (80) is in communication with the separation chamber (71), and a second end of the third downcomer (80) is in communication with a flow port (54) on the cofferdam structure (50) located at the top; The cofferdam structure (50) is provided with a plurality of the flow openings (54), and the third downcomers (80) are multiple, and the plurality of the third downcomers (80) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of the flow openings (54). The first end of each of the third downcomers (80) is connected to the separation chamber (71), and the second end of each of the third downcomers (80) is connected to the corresponding flow openings (54) on the cofferdam structure (50) located at the top.

10. The synthesis gas scrubber according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first end of at least one of the plurality of third downcomers (80) is connected to the conical position of the separation chamber (71), and the first ends of the remaining third downcomers (80) are connected to the circumferential positions of the separation chamber (71).

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