Dumbbell-shaped nano material controllable preparation device and method based on laser irradiation

Abstract

The invention discloses a controllable preparation device and method for a dumbbell-shaped nano material based on laser irradiation, belongs to the technical field of nano particle preparation, and solves the problem that a spherical structure is naturally formed and a dumbbell-shaped structure cannot be formed during nano particle preparation. The device specifically comprises a laser assembly, a magnetic field generator and a heat dissipation assembly. A reaction container is arranged in the magnetic field generator and is arranged on a laser output light path of the laser assembly; the heat dissipation assembly cools the magnetic field generator. According to the method, the nano particles are in a molten state by adopting laser irradiation; the rotating magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator drives the molten nanoparticles to rotate, and a dumbbell-shaped structure is formed during rotation, so that non-spheroidization of the nanoparticles is realized, and particularly, a unique dumbbell-shaped structure is formed; moreover, by finely regulating and controlling laser parameters and magnetic field conditions, the size, shape and performance of the dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles can be further optimized, and the requirements of different application scenes are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of nanoparticle preparation, and in particular to a controllable preparation device and method of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation. Background Art

[0002] Dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles have shown a variety of application potentials due to their unique geometric shape, such as being used as efficient drug carriers and contrast agents in the biomedical field, improving catalytic efficiency in the catalytic field, improving sensitivity in sensing technology, optimizing light absorption or emission characteristics in optoelectronic applications, and being used as materials with special magnetic properties for data storage, while improving the mechanical properties of composite materials. These applications benefit from the large specific surface area, special magnetism, and improved mechanical and optical properties of dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles. At the same time, as an important goal of human space exploration, the construction of a lunar base faces high transportation costs between the Earth and the Moon. To this end, scientists have proposed a strategy to use lunar resources for construction. In view of the limited number of actual lunar soil samples, scientists have developed simulated lunar soil. At present, the successfully prepared dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles can more accurately simulate the characteristics of lunar soil. Their application in the laboratory is helpful to study lunar soil molding technology and material properties, and provide technical support for the construction of lunar bases. By studying these particles, we can not only enhance our understanding of the characteristics of lunar soil, but also provide an important means to improve the quality and performance of building materials in the construction of lunar bases.

[0003] Laser nanofabrication technology has made significant progress in the field of materials science, enabling the precise preparation of materials ranging from single elements to complex alloys, from simple oxides to more complex compounds. These materials range in size from submicron spherical structures to nanoscale quantum dots. However, due to the influence of surface tension, laser-irradiated nanoparticles tend to naturally form spherical structures, which results in uncontrollable shapes of the prepared nanoparticles and the inability to form nanoparticles with non-spherical structures.

[0004] Therefore, the use of laser nanofabrication technology is not sufficient to prepare dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a controllable preparation device and method for dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation, which solves the problem that nanoparticles naturally form a spherical structure but cannot form a dumbbell-shaped structure during preparation.

[0006] In the first aspect, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterial based on laser irradiation comprises a laser component, a magnetic field generator and a heat dissipation component; a reaction container is arranged inside the magnetic field generator, and the reaction container is arranged on the laser output optical path of the laser component; the heat dissipation component cools down the magnetic field generator.

[0008] In this scheme, the laser component emits laser to irradiate the nanoparticles in the reaction container, putting them in a molten state; the magnetic field generator generates a rotating magnetic field to drive the molten nanoparticles, causing them to rotate, forming a dumbbell-shaped structure during the rotation; this overcomes the problem that molten nanoparticles naturally form a spherical structure when they are formed, and achieves the non-sphericalization of the nanoparticles, especially the formation of a unique dumbbell-shaped structure; and, by finely controlling the laser parameters and magnetic field conditions, the size, shape and performance of the dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles can be further optimized to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0009] Furthermore, the laser assembly includes a laser emitter, and a beam splitter is arranged on the output light path of the laser emitter; a reaction container is arranged on the transmission light path of the beam splitter, and an energy meter is arranged on the reflection light path of the beam splitter.

[0010] In this scheme, the beam splitter transmits part of the laser light to enter the reaction container to act on the nanoparticles. At the same time, the beam splitter reflects another part of the laser light to the energy meter for laser energy detection, so as to monitor the laser intensity in real time during the preparation process.

[0011] Furthermore, the magnetic field generator includes a magnetic field support frame, on which a ring-shaped magnetic core is fixed; the reaction container is arranged in the middle of the ring-shaped magnetic core; a coil group is wound around the outside of the ring-shaped magnetic core, and both ends of the coil group are connected to a transformer through wires, the transformer is electrically connected to the frequency converter, and the frequency converter is electrically connected to the adjustable DC power supply.

[0012] In this scheme, an adjustable DC power supply provides DC power, which flows to the coil group to generate a magnetic field; the adjustable DC power supply can set appropriate power, voltage and frequency, and the frequency converter sets an appropriate frequency to control the magnetic field rotation rate. This design can accurately control the magnetic field conditions and improve the controllability of the preparation of dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles.

[0013] Furthermore, the coil group includes a first pair of coils and a second pair of coils; the first pair of coils are wound around the two ends of the annular magnetic core along the diagonal direction, and the second pair of coils are wound around the two ends of the annular magnetic core along the diagonal direction; the connecting line of the first pair of coils is perpendicular to the connecting line of the second pair of coils; the two ends of the first pair of coils and the two ends of the second pair of coils are connected in parallel to the transformer.

[0014] Furthermore, the magnetic field support frame includes a chassis, on which a carrying plate is supported by a plurality of supporting rods in a circular array, the supporting rods penetrate the carrying plate and are connected to a fixing ring; the annular magnetic core is fixed between the carrying plate and the fixing ring; and the reaction container is placed on the carrying plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the heat dissipation component includes a condensation tank, in which a circulation pump is arranged; one end of a condensation pipe is connected to the circulation pump, and the other end of the condensation pipe is connected to the condensation tank after being wound around the outer periphery of the annular magnetic core for several turns.

[0016] In this solution, a circulation pump pumps the condensed water in the condensation tank into the condenser tube for circulation. During the circulation process, the condenser tube exchanges heat with the magnetic field generator to achieve a heat dissipation effect, maintain a constant temperature of the magnetic field generator, and reduce errors and losses.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a controllable preparation method of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation based on the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1: preparing a magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; dispersing magnetic nanoparticles in an organic solvent, mixing them evenly, to obtain a magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; transferring the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution into a reaction container;

[0019] S2: Generate a rotating magnetic field; turn on the adjustable DC power supply and the frequency converter, and generate a rotating magnetic field inside the magnetic field generator, and the rotating magnetic field drives the magnetic nanoparticles in the magnetic organic solvent precursor liquid to rotate;

[0020] S3: Laser irradiation; the laser emitter emits laser light, and the laser light is injected into the magnetic organic solvent precursor liquid to act on the magnetic nanoparticles, so that the magnetic nanoparticles are in a molten state; the molten magnetic nanoparticles are deformed by force during rotation, forming a dumbbell-shaped structure.

[0021] In this scheme, laser irradiation is used to put the magnetic nanoparticles into a molten state, and the rotational force generated by the rotating magnetic field is used to overcome the limitation of the surface tension of the magnetic nanoparticles, thereby successfully achieving the non-sphericalization of the nanoparticles.

[0022] Furthermore, S3 includes:

[0023] S301: Turn on the laser transmitter, and the laser transmitter emits laser;

[0024] S302: The laser is incident on the beam splitter, 95% of the laser is transmitted through the beam splitter and incident on the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; 5% of the laser is reflected by the beam splitter to the energy meter for laser energy detection;

[0025] S303: The laser transmitted through the beam splitter heats the magnetic nanoparticles in the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution, so that the magnetic nanoparticles are heated and melted to enter a molten state; the molten magnetic nanoparticles are deformed by force during rotation to form a dumbbell-shaped structure;

[0026] S304: Cooling the magnetic nanoparticles to obtain solid dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles.

[0027] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing dumbbell-shaped Fe2O3 nanoparticles based on a controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation provided in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0028] T1: dissolving α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in ethanol, using ultrasonic vibration to evenly disperse the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the ethanol solution to obtain a magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; transferring the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution into a reaction container;

[0029] T2: Start the adjustable DC power supply and the frequency converter, set the power of the adjustable DC power supply to 0.75kW and the voltage to 220V; set the frequency range of the frequency converter to 35-60Hz; generate a rotating magnetic field inside the magnetic field generator, and the rotating magnetic field drives the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the magnetic organic solvent precursor to rotate;

[0030] T3: Turn on the laser emitter, the laser emitter emits laser, and the laser is injected into the magnetic organic solvent precursor liquid to heat the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles, so that the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles enter a molten state; the molten α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles are deformed by force during rotation, forming dumbbell-shaped Fe2O3 nanoparticles.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] In the controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation provided by the present invention, laser emitted by a laser emitter is used to irradiate magnetic nanoparticles to put them in a molten state, and then the rotating magnetic field generated by a magnetic field generator drives the magnetic nanoparticles to rotate. During the rotation, the force forms a dumbbell-shaped structure, thereby realizing the controllable preparation of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials. By finely controlling the laser parameters and magnetic field conditions, the size, shape and performance of the dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles can be further optimized to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0033] The controllable preparation method of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation provided by the present invention combines selective laser irradiation technology and magnetic field auxiliary means, uses rotational force to overcome the limitation of surface tension, and at the same time, with the help of the coupling effect between the magnetic field and the material, successfully realizes the non-sphericalization of magnetic nanoparticles, especially forming a unique dumbbell shape. This method not only broadens the possibility of nanomaterial morphology design, but also provides new ideas and technical support for exploring new nanomaterials and their applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the magnetic field generator of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 An exploded view of the magnetic field generator of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the coil assembly structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 is a SEM image of dumbbell-shaped α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in Example 3;

[0039] Figure 6 This is the SEM image of the dumbbell-shaped α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in Example 3.

[0040] Reference numerals:

[0041] 1. Laser assembly; 11. Laser transmitter; 12. Spectrometer; 13. Energy meter; 2. Magnetic field generator; 21. Magnetic field support frame; 211. Chassis; 212. Support rod; 213. Loading plate; 214. Fixing ring; 22. Ring core; 23. Coil assembly; 231. First pair of coils; 232. Second pair of coils; 24. Frequency converter; 25. Adjustable DC power supply; 3. Heat dissipation assembly; 31. Condensation tank; 32. Circulation pump; 33. Condensation tube; 4. Reaction container; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The specific implementation of the present invention is described below to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation, which uses laser irradiation technology to put magnetic nanoparticles in a molten state, and then uses a magnetic field to drive the magnetic nanoparticles to rotate, overcomes the limitation of the surface tension of the magnetic nanoparticles during rotation, and successfully prepares dumbbell-shaped magnetic nanoparticles; it specifically includes:

[0045] Laser component 1, magnetic field generator 2 and heat dissipation component 3;

[0046] Among them, a reaction container 4 is arranged inside the magnetic field generator, and the reaction container 4 contains dispersed magnetic nanoparticles; the reaction container 4 is arranged on the laser output optical path of the laser component 1, and the laser component 1 emits laser to irradiate the nanoparticles in the reaction container 4 to put them in a molten state; the rotating magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator 2 drives the molten nanoparticles to rotate, and a dumbbell-shaped structure is formed during the rotation; the heat dissipation component 3 cools the magnetic field generator.

[0047] In this embodiment, the reaction container 4 is preferably a glass beaker or a glass bottle.

[0048] The laser assembly 1 includes a laser emitter 11, a beam splitter 12 and an energy meter 13; the beam splitter 12 is arranged on the output optical path of the laser emitter 11; the reaction vessel 4 is arranged on the transmission optical path of the beam splitter 12, and the energy meter 13 is arranged on the reflection optical path of the beam splitter 12. The beam splitter 12 transmits part of the laser light to allow it to enter the reaction vessel 4 to act on the nanoparticles, and at the same time, the beam splitter 12 reflects another part of the laser light to the energy meter 13 for laser energy detection, so as to monitor the laser intensity in real time during the preparation process. When setting up the reaction device, the laser emitter 11 and the beam splitter 12 can be fixed directly above the reaction vessel 4 through an iron frame.

[0049] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the magnetic field generator 2 includes a magnetic field support frame 21, an annular magnetic core 22, a frequency converter 24 and an adjustable DC power supply 25; the magnetic field support frame 21 is fixed with an annular magnetic core 22, and the material of the annular magnetic core 22 can be metal iron; the reaction container 4 is arranged in the middle of the annular magnetic core 22; a coil group 23 is wound around the annular magnetic core 22, and both ends of the coil group 23 are connected to a transformer through a wire, the transformer is electrically connected to the frequency converter 24, and the frequency converter 24 is electrically connected to the adjustable DC power supply 25; the adjustable DC power supply 25 provides DC power, and the DC power flows to the coil group 23 to generate a magnetic field; the adjustable DC power supply 25 can set a suitable power supply power, voltage and frequency, and the frequency converter 24 sets a suitable frequency to control the magnetic field rotation rate. This design can accurately control the magnetic field conditions and improve the controllability of the preparation of dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, the coil group 23 includes a first pair of coils 231 and a second pair of coils 232; the first pair of coils 231 are wound around the two ends of the annular core 22 along the diagonal direction, and the second pair of coils 232 are wound around the two ends of the annular core 22 along the diagonal direction; the connecting line of the first pair of coils 231 and the connecting line of the second pair of coils 232 are perpendicular; the two ends of the first pair of coils 231 and the two ends of the second pair of coils 232 are connected in parallel to the transformer.

[0051] The magnetic field support frame 21 includes a chassis 211, on which a carrying plate 213 is supported by a plurality of supporting rods 212 in a circular array, the supporting rods 212 penetrate the carrying plate 213 and are connected to a fixing ring 214; the annular magnetic core 22 is fixed between the carrying plate 213 and the fixing ring 214; the reaction container 4 is placed on the carrying plate 213.

[0052] The heat dissipation component 3 includes a condensation tank 31, in which a circulation pump 32 is provided; one end of a condenser tube 33 is connected to the circulation pump 32, and the other end of the condenser tube 33 is connected to the condenser tank 31 after being wound around the outer periphery of the annular magnetic core 22 for several turns; the circulation pump 32 pumps the condensed water in the condensation tank 31 into the condenser tube 33 for circulation, and during the circulation process, the condenser tube 33 exchanges heat with the magnetic field generator 2 to achieve a heat dissipation effect, maintain a constant temperature of the magnetic field generator, and reduce errors and losses.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] This embodiment provides a controllable preparation method of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation based on the device for controllable preparation of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation provided in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1: preparing a magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; dispersing magnetic nanoparticles in an organic solvent, and uniformly mixing the two by ultrasound to obtain a magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; taking a small amount of the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution and adding it into a reaction container 4.

[0056] S2: Generate a rotating magnetic field; the adjustable DC power supply 25 is set to a suitable power, voltage and frequency, the frequency converter 24 is set to a suitable frequency to control the magnetic field rotation rate, the condensation tank 31 is set to a temperature between 0°C and 5°C, and all parameters are set. The condensation tank 31, the adjustable DC power supply 25 and the frequency converter 24 are turned on in sequence to generate a rotating magnetic field, and the nanoparticles in the solution are forced to rotate.

[0057] S3: laser irradiation; the laser emitter 11 emits laser, and the laser is injected into the magnetic organic solvent precursor liquid to act on the magnetic nanoparticles, so that the magnetic nanoparticles are in a molten state; the molten magnetic nanoparticles are deformed by force during rotation to form a dumbbell-shaped structure; specifically including:

[0058] S301: After adjusting appropriate laser wavelength and energy parameters, the laser emitter 11 is turned on, and the laser emitter 11 emits laser;

[0059] S302: The laser is incident on the beam splitter 12, 95% of the laser is transmitted through the beam splitter 12 and incident on the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; 5% of the laser is reflected by the beam splitter 12 to the energy meter 13 for laser energy detection;

[0060] S303: The laser beam transmitted through the beam splitter 12 heats the magnetic nanoparticles in the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution, so that the magnetic nanoparticles are heated and melted, and enter a molten state; the molten magnetic nanoparticles are deformed by force during rotation, and form a dumbbell-shaped structure;

[0061] S304: Cooling the magnetic nanoparticles to obtain solid dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] This embodiment provides a method for preparing dumbbell-shaped α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles based on a controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation provided in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0064] T1: Dissolve 25 mg of α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in 50 ml of organic liquid medium ethanol, and use an ultrasonic cleaner to ultrasonically oscillate for 20 minutes to evenly disperse the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the ethanol solution to obtain a 0.5 mg / ml magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; take 5 ml of the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution and add it into the central reaction vessel 4 of the magnetic field generator.

[0065] T2: Set the power of the adjustable DC power supply 25 to 0.75kW and the voltage to 220V; set the frequency range of the inverter 24 to 35-60Hz; set the temperature of the condensing tank 31 to between 0℃ and 5℃;

[0066] After all parameters are set, the condensation tank 31, the adjustable DC power supply 25, and the frequency converter 24 are turned on in sequence to generate a rotating magnetic field inside the magnetic field generator 2. The rotating magnetic field drives the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution to rotate.

[0067] T3: Turn on the laser emitter 11 and emit laser; the laser wavelength is 1064nm and the laser energy is 130mJ / pulse cm -2The α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles were irradiated with an unfocused pulsed laser beam for 5 minutes. Under the laser parameters, the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles had a maximum melting rate, which could cause them to heat up rapidly until they melted and entered a molten state. The molten α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles rotated under the action of a rotating magnetic field at an extremely fast rate, and were deformed by force during rotation, forming α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a dumbbell-shaped structure.

[0068] T4: Cooling to obtain solid dumbbell-shaped α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles; the scanning electron microscope image of dumbbell-shaped α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles is as follows Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown.

[0069] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments herein are intended to help readers understand the principles of the present invention, and should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific variations and combinations that do not deviate from the essence of the present invention based on the technical revelations disclosed by the present invention, and these variations and combinations are still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation, characterized in that: The invention comprises a laser component (1), a magnetic field generator (2) and a heat dissipation component (3); a reaction container (4) is arranged inside the magnetic field generator (2), and the reaction container (4) is arranged on the laser output optical path of the laser component (1); and the heat dissipation component (3) cools down the magnetic field generator (2).

2. The controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser assembly (1) comprises a laser emitter (11), wherein a beam splitter (12) is arranged on the output light path of the laser emitter (11); the reaction container (4) is arranged on the transmission light path of the beam splitter (12), and an energy meter (13) is arranged on the reflection light path of the beam splitter (12).

3. The controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The magnetic field generator (2) comprises a magnetic field support frame (21), on which a ring-shaped magnetic core (22) is fixed; the reaction container (4) is arranged in the middle of the ring-shaped magnetic core (22); a coil group (23) is wound around the outside of the ring-shaped magnetic core (22), and two ends of the coil group (23) are connected to a transformer through wires, the transformer is electrically connected to a frequency converter (24), and the frequency converter (24) is electrically connected to an adjustable DC power supply (25).

4. The controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The coil group (23) comprises a first pair of coils (231) and a second pair of coils (232); the first pair of coils (231) are wound around two ends of the annular magnetic core (22) along a diagonal direction, and the second pair of coils (232) are wound around two ends of the annular magnetic core (22) along a diagonal direction; the connecting line of the first pair of coils (231) and the connecting line of the second pair of coils (232) are perpendicular; and the two ends of the first pair of coils (231) and the two ends of the second pair of coils (232) are connected in parallel to the transformer.

5. The controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The magnetic field support frame (21) comprises a chassis (211), a carrying plate (213) is supported on the chassis (211) via a plurality of supporting rods (212) in an annular array, the supporting rods (212) penetrate the carrying plate (213) and are connected to a fixing ring (214); the annular magnetic core (22) is fixed between the carrying plate (213) and the fixing ring (214); and the reaction container (4) is placed on the carrying plate (213).

6. The controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The heat dissipation component (3) comprises a condensation tank (31), in which a circulation pump (32) is arranged; one end of a condensation pipe (33) is connected to the circulation pump (32), and the other end of the condensation pipe (33) is connected to the condensation tank (31) after being wound around the outer periphery of the annular magnetic core (22) for several turns.

7. A method for preparing a controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: preparing a magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; dispersing magnetic nanoparticles in an organic solvent and mixing them uniformly to obtain a magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; transferring the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution into a reaction container (4); S2: generating a rotating magnetic field; turning on the adjustable DC power supply (25) and the frequency converter (24), generating a rotating magnetic field inside the magnetic field generator (2), and the rotating magnetic field drives the magnetic nanoparticles in the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution to rotate; S3: laser irradiation; the laser emitter (11) emits laser light, and the laser light is injected into the magnetic organic solvent precursor liquid to act on the magnetic nanoparticles, so that the magnetic nanoparticles are in a molten state; the molten magnetic nanoparticles are deformed by force during rotation, forming a dumbbell-shaped structure.

8. The method for preparing a controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S3 includes: S301: Turn on the laser emitter (11), and the laser emitter (11) emits laser; S302: The laser beam is incident on the beam splitter (12), 95% of the laser beam is transmitted through the beam splitter (12) and incident on the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; 5% of the laser beam is reflected by the beam splitter (12) to the energy meter (13) for laser energy detection; S303: The laser transmitted through the beam splitter (12) heats the magnetic nanoparticles in the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution, so that the magnetic nanoparticles are heated and melted, and enter a molten state; the molten magnetic nanoparticles are deformed by force during rotation, and form a dumbbell-shaped structure; S304: Cooling the magnetic nanoparticles to obtain solid dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles.

9. A method for preparing dumbbell-shaped α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles by the controllable preparation device of dumbbell-shaped nanomaterials based on laser irradiation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: T1: dissolving α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in ethanol, using ultrasonic vibration to evenly disperse the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the ethanol solution to obtain a magnetic organic solvent precursor solution; transferring the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution into a reaction container (4); T2: starting the adjustable DC power supply (25) and the frequency converter (24), setting the power of the adjustable DC power supply (25) to 0.75 kW and the voltage to 220 V; setting the frequency range of the frequency converter (24) to 35-60 Hz; generating a rotating magnetic field inside the magnetic field generator (2), and the rotating magnetic field drives the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the magnetic organic solvent precursor solution to rotate; T3: Turn on the laser emitter (11), the laser emitter (11) emits laser light, and the laser light is injected into the magnetic organic solvent precursor liquid to heat the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles, so that the α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles enter a molten state; the molten α-magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles are deformed by force during rotation, and dumbbell-shaped Fe2O3 nanoparticles are formed.

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