A railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using gravity pneumatic unloading

Abstract

The present invention relates to a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials, and specifically to a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity-type pneumatic unloading method, which solves the technical problem that it is difficult to unload low-density powder and granular materials in existing railway tank cars, or that the existing gravity-type pneumatic unloading method cannot be applied to railway tank cars. The present invention adopts a gravity-type pneumatic unloading method, and uses a funnel-type fluidizing device to replace the fluidized bed arranged inside the tank body. During maintenance, the entire tank can be directly disassembled for maintenance or replacement, which improves the maintenance efficiency, increases the effective volume of the tank body, and increases the vehicle load. It can not only realize the unloading of low-density powder and granular materials, but also be compatible with the transportation of high-density powdery materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a powder and granular material transport railway tank car, in particular to a powder and granular material transport railway tank car which adopts a gravity pneumatic unloading mode. Background Art

[0002] The transportation equipment for powdered and granular bulk materials mainly includes bulk cement tankers, alumina powder tankers, grain transporters, etc., but lacks transportation equipment for low-density materials such as resins, plastics, and urea. At present, cement railway tankers and alumina powder railway tankers mainly use fluidized pneumatic unloading methods. The principle is to arrange a large fluidizing device in the tank body. When unloading, the material at the bottom of the tank body is fluidized by pressing the tank body, and then the medium in the tank body is sucked into the unloading pipe by pressure, and then discharged through the unloading pipe. The disadvantages of this unloading method are:

[0003] First, the arrangement of the fluidizing device in the tank body occupies the volume of the tank body, which reduces the load of the tank truck and makes the transportation economy poor; second, the large fluidizing device is heavy and occupies the effective load of the tank truck, further limiting the economy of tank truck transportation; third, the fluidizing device installed in the tank body requires personnel to enter the tank body when inspecting or replacing parts, which makes the operation inconvenient; fourth, the fluidized pneumatic unloading method is generally only suitable for unloading high-density powdered materials, and it is more difficult to unload low-density granular materials.

[0004] Gravity pneumatic unloading can not only unload high-density powder materials, but also low-density granular materials. However, the existing gravity pneumatic unloading method mainly relies on the air compressor installed on the vehicle to pressurize the vehicle tank body. Since railway tank cars have no power source, the method of using air compressors to pressurize the tank body is not applicable to railway tank cars. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to unload low-density powder and granular materials in existing railway tank cars, or that the existing gravity-type pneumatic unloading method is not applicable to railway tank cars, and to provide a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity-type pneumatic unloading method.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity pneumatic unloading method comprises a tank body; a chassis is installed at the bottom of the tank body; a coupler buffer device is installed at each end of the chassis, and a bogie is installed below each end;

[0008] Its special features are: it also includes a gravity pneumatic unloading device arranged at the bottom of the tank;

[0009] The top of the tank body is provided with a manhole for feeding, and the bottom is evenly provided with 2N discharge ports, wherein N is an integer and 1≤N≤5;

[0010] The gravity pneumatic unloading device includes 2N funnel-type fluidizing devices, two blowing-assisting pipelines, two unloading pipelines, an air intake pipeline, 2N main air intake pipelines and an exhaust pipeline;

[0011] The two discharge pipelines are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the tank body along the length direction of the tank body, and each discharge pipeline is provided with N inlets, one end of which is used as an outlet for connecting to the discharge port, and the other end is used as an air inlet;

[0012] The feed ends of the 2N funnel-type fluidizing devices are respectively connected to the 2N discharge ports, and the discharge ends thereof are respectively connected to the inlets on the corresponding discharge pipelines;

[0013] The air inlet pipeline is arranged along the length direction of the tank body, and is provided with 2N air outlets, and is provided with an air inlet for connecting to an air source, and an auxiliary blowing port is respectively provided at both ends; each air outlet is correspondingly connected to the air inlet end of a main air inlet pipeline, and the air outlet end of the main air inlet pipeline is arranged at the lower side of the funnel-type fluidizing device, and is used to blow air into the funnel-type fluidizing device to assist in unloading; each auxiliary blowing port is connected to the air inlet end of an auxiliary blowing pipeline, and the air outlet ends of the two auxiliary blowing pipelines are respectively connected to the ends of the two unloading pipelines 33 opposite to their outlets, and are used to blow air into the unloading pipeline to assist in unloading;

[0014] The exhaust pipeline is arranged on the top of the tank body, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipeline is located inside the tank body, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipeline is located outside the tank body.

[0015] Furthermore, the tank body comprises a cylindrical body, a traction pillow connecting plate and a tank body pad;

[0016] The manhole is opened at the top of the cylindrical body, 2N discharge ports are evenly opened at the bottom of the cylindrical body, the two ends of the cylindrical body are respectively connected to the bottom end of a large-slope conical body, and the top ends of the two large-slope conical bodies are respectively provided with a head adapted thereto; the large end of the large-slope conical body is the bottom end;

[0017] The traction pillow connecting plate is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical body along the length direction, and the two ends of the traction pillow connecting plate are respectively installed on the conical surfaces of the two large-slope conical cylinders, and the lower part is connected to the upper plane of the base frame;

[0018] The tank body pad is arranged between the traction and pillow connecting plate and the cylindrical cylinder and the two large-angle conical cylinders.

[0019] Furthermore, the chassis includes a longitudinal beam mechanism and two traction pillow mechanisms respectively arranged at two ends of the longitudinal beam mechanism;

[0020] The longitudinal beam mechanism comprises two longitudinal beams arranged in parallel, and the two longitudinal beams are respectively located on both sides of the gravity pneumatic unloading device;

[0021] The traction mechanism includes a bolster beam vertically arranged on two longitudinal beams, a traction beam, an end beam and two side beams;

[0022] The traction beam is arranged on the bogie, a coupler buffer device is arranged below the traction beam, and two ends are respectively connected to the bolster beam and the end beam to form an I-shaped structure;

[0023] Two ends of each of the side beams are respectively connected to one end of the bolster beam and a corresponding end of the end beam;

[0024] The traction beam, the bolster beam and the longitudinal beam are respectively connected to the traction bolster connecting plates.

[0025] Furthermore, a discharging mechanism is provided between each discharging port at the bottom of the cylindrical body and the funnel-type fluidizing device;

[0026] The discharging mechanism comprises two arc-shaped slide plates and two triangular patch plates, which are arranged alternately and connected in sequence to form a closed whole, the upper end opening of the closed whole is connected to the discharging port, and the lower end opening is connected to the feeding end of the funnel-type fluidizing device;

[0027] The arc-shaped slide plate is arranged at an acute angle with the transverse section of the cylindrical body.

[0028] Furthermore, the funnel-type fluidizing device includes an outer wall of a funnel-type small head; the upper end of the outer wall of the funnel-type small head is connected to the discharge port as the feed end of the funnel-type fluidizing device, and the lower end is connected to the corresponding inlet on the discharge pipeline as the discharge end of the funnel-type fluidizing device, and the inner surface is provided with a porous plate adapted thereto; the porous plate is covered with a breathable canvas, and a plurality of pressure strips are arranged on the breathable canvas along the radial direction of the outer wall of the funnel-type small head, and the plurality of pressure strips are evenly arranged on the circumference of the outer wall of the funnel-type small head.

[0029] Furthermore, a butterfly valve is provided between the lower end of the outer wall of the funnel-shaped small head and the discharge pipeline.

[0030] Furthermore, a safety valve and a pressure gauge are installed on the air intake pipeline.

[0031] Furthermore, the discharge ends of the two discharge pipelines are connected to the discharge outlet via a tee.

[0032] Furthermore, N=3.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention provides a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity-type pneumatic unloading method. The gravity-type pneumatic unloading method can realize the unloading of low-density powder and granular materials, solve the railway transportation demand of low-density granular materials, and can also be compatible with the transportation of high-density powder materials;

[0035] 2. The present invention provides a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity pneumatic unloading method. The gravity pneumatic unloading device uses a funnel-type fluidizing device to replace the fluidized bed arranged inside the tank body. During maintenance, the entire tank can be directly dismantled for maintenance or replacement, thereby improving maintenance efficiency, increasing the effective volume of the tank body, and increasing the vehicle load capacity;

[0036] 3. The present invention provides a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity pneumatic unloading method, which uses an external gas source to provide gas to the gravity pneumatic unloading device. Compared with the air compressor pressurization method, it reduces the vehicle's own weight, further increases the vehicle's load capacity, and improves the transportation economy;

[0037] 4. The present invention provides a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity pneumatic unloading method, in which both sides of the tank body are arranged as large-angle conical tank bodies, which help the materials to slide downward and be unloaded by gravity;

[0038] 5. The present invention provides a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity-type pneumatic unloading method. The chassis uses two longitudinal beams to connect the traction and sleeper mechanisms to form a whole, and can meet the force requirements of vehicle operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a tank body in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 A three-dimensional diagram of a tank body in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a base frame in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a gravity-type pneumatic unloading device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Bottom view of

[0045] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of a gravity-type pneumatic unloading device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8It is a structural schematic diagram of a funnel-type fluidizing device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals:

[0048] 1-tank body, 2-underframe, 3-gravity pneumatic unloading device, 4-end ladder, 5-walkway, 6-coupler buffer device, 7-bogie;

[0049] 11-cylindrical cylinder, 12-highly inclined conical cylinder, 13-head, 14-manhole, 15-pulling pillow connecting plate, 16-tank pad, 17-discharging mechanism, 18-arc slide plate, 19-triangular patch plate;

[0050] 21-longitudinal beam, 22-pillar beam, 23-traction beam, 24-end beam, 25-side beam;

[0051] 31-funnel-type fluidizing device, 32-assisting blowing pipeline, 33-discharging pipeline, 34-air inlet pipeline, 35-main air inlet pipeline, 36-outer wall of funnel-type small head, 37-porous plate, 38-breathable canvas, 39-pressing strip, 310-safety valve, 311-pressure gauge, 312-tee. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following is a further detailed description of a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity pneumatic unloading method proposed by the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] A railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using gravity pneumatic unloading, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tank body 1 includes a tank body 1. An end ladder 4 is installed at one end of the tank body 1, a walkway 5 connected to the end ladder 4 is installed on the top, and a base frame 2 and a gravity pneumatic unloading device 3 are installed at the bottom. A coupler buffer device 6 is installed at both ends of the base frame 2, and a bogie 7 is installed below.

[0054] like Figure 2As shown, the tank body 1 includes a cylindrical body 11, a traction and pillow connecting plate 15 and a tank body pad 16. A manhole 14 is provided at the top of the cylindrical body 11, and 2N discharge ports are evenly provided at the bottom. The two ends are respectively connected to the bottom end of a large-slope conical body 12, and a head 13 adapted thereto is respectively provided at the top of the two large-slope conical bodies 12. Among them, the large end of the large-slope conical body 12 is the bottom end. The traction and pillow connecting plate 15 is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical body 11 along the length direction, and the two ends of the traction and pillow connecting plate 15 are respectively installed on the conical surfaces of the two large-slope conical bodies 12, and the lower part is connected to the upper plane of the base frame 2. The tank body 1 and the base frame 2 are fixedly connected by welding through the traction and pillow connecting plate 12. The tank body pad 16 is arranged between the traction and pillow connecting plate 15 and the cylindrical body 11 and the two large-slope conical bodies 12.

[0055] Each discharge port at the bottom of the cylindrical body 11 is connected to a discharge mechanism 17, such as Figure 3 As shown, the discharge mechanism 17 includes two arc-shaped slide plates 18 and two triangular patch plates 19, which are alternately arranged and sequentially connected to form a closed whole, the upper end opening of which is connected to the discharge port, and the lower end opening is connected to the feed end of the funnel-type fluidizing device 31. The arc-shaped slide plate 18 is arranged at an acute angle to the transverse section of the cylindrical body 11, and the triangular patch plate 19 is arranged on the side of the cylindrical body 11 to eliminate the material accumulation area in the cylindrical body 11.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, the chassis 2 includes a longitudinal beam mechanism and two traction and pillow mechanisms respectively arranged at the two ends of the longitudinal beam mechanism. The longitudinal beam mechanism includes two longitudinal beams 21 arranged in parallel, and the two longitudinal beams 21 are respectively located on both sides of the gravity-type pneumatic unloading device 3. The traction and pillow mechanism includes a bolster 22 vertically arranged on the two longitudinal beams 21, as well as a traction beam 23, an end beam 24 and two side beams 25. The traction beam 23 is arranged on the bogie 7, and a coupler buffer device 6 is arranged below it. The two ends of each side beam 25 are respectively connected to one end of the bolster 22 and the corresponding end of the end beam 24 to form an I-shaped structure. The two ends of each side beam 25 are respectively connected to one end of the bolster 22 and the corresponding end of the end beam 24. The traction beam 23, the bolster 22 and the longitudinal beam 21 are respectively connected to the traction and pillow connecting plate 15.

[0057] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the gravity-type pneumatic unloading device 3 includes 6 funnel-type fluidizing devices 31, two blowing-assisting pipelines 32, two unloading pipelines 33, an air inlet pipeline 34, 6 main air inlet pipelines 35 and an exhaust pipeline. The two unloading pipelines 33 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the tank body 1 along the length direction of the tank body 1. Each unloading pipeline 33 is provided with 3 inlets, one end of which is used as an outlet for connecting to the unloading port, and the other end is used as an air inlet. The feeding ends of the 6 funnel-type fluidizing devices 31 are respectively connected to the 6 discharging mechanisms 17 through flanges and bolts, and the discharging ends thereof are respectively connected to the inlets on the corresponding unloading pipelines 33. The discharging ends of the two unloading pipelines 33 are connected to the unloading port through a tee 312. A butterfly valve is arranged between the lower end of the funnel-type fluidizing device 31 and the unloading pipeline 33. The air inlet pipeline 34 is arranged along the length direction of the tank body 1, and is provided with 6 air outlets, and is provided with an air inlet for connecting to an air source, and an auxiliary blowing port is respectively provided at both ends. Each air outlet is correspondingly connected to the air inlet end of a main air inlet pipeline 35, and the air outlet end of the main air inlet pipeline 35 is arranged at the lower side of the funnel-type fluidizing device 31, and is used to blow air into the funnel-type fluidizing device 31 to assist in unloading. Each auxiliary blowing port is correspondingly connected to the air inlet end of an auxiliary blowing pipeline 32 through a ball valve, and the air outlet ends of the two auxiliary blowing pipelines 32 are respectively connected to the ends of the two discharge pipelines 33 opposite to their outlets, and are used to blow air into the discharge pipelines 33 to assist in unloading. The exhaust pipeline is arranged at the top of the tank body 1, and its air inlet end is located inside the tank body 1, and the air outlet end is located outside the tank body 1. A safety valve 310 and a pressure gauge 311 are installed on the air inlet pipeline 34.

[0058] like Figure 8 As shown, the funnel-type fluidizing device 31 includes a funnel-type small head outer wall 36. The upper end of the funnel-type small head outer wall 36 is connected to the discharge port as the feed end of the funnel-type fluidizing device 31, and the lower end is connected to the corresponding inlet on the discharge pipeline 33 as the discharge end of the funnel-type fluidizing device, and a porous plate 37 adapted thereto is provided on the inner surface. The porous plate 37 is covered with a breathable canvas 38, and a plurality of pressure strips 39 are provided on the breathable canvas 38 along the radial direction of the funnel-type small head outer wall 36, and the plurality of pressure strips 39 are evenly arranged on the circumference of the funnel-type small head outer wall 36.

[0059] The working principle of a railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity pneumatic unloading method provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0060] The tank body 1 is loaded with materials through the manhole 14 . When the materials need to be unloaded after being transported to the destination, the air inlet of the air inlet pipeline 34 is connected to the air source, and then the discharge port of the ground discharge pipe is connected to the discharge end of the discharge pipeline 33 . When unloading begins, first, pressure is applied to the tank body 1 through the air intake pipe 34. When the pressure reaches the unloading pressure, the butterfly valves between the six funnel-type fluidizing devices 31 and the unloading pipe 33 and the ball valve between the air intake pipe 34 and the blowing-assisting pipe 32 are opened. The powder and granular materials gather to the bottom of the funnel-type fluidizing device 31 by gravity, and the air flow enters the funnel cavity formed by the porous plate 37 and the outer wall 36 of the funnel-type small head through the air intake pipe 34, and then enters the material layer through the breathable canvas 38 to fluidize the material. The fluidized material enters the unloading pipe 33 due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the tank body 1, and the blowing-assisting pipe 32 blows air into the funnel-type fluidizing device 31 at the same time. Under the combined action of the air pressure of the air intake pipe 34 and the air flow of the blowing-assisting pipe 32, the powder and granular materials pass through the discharge end of the unloading pipe 33 and are unloaded from the vehicle.

[0061] When it is necessary to open the manhole 14 for maintenance, first open the exhaust pipe 35 to exhaust air, and when the air pressure inside the tank body 1 is balanced with the atmospheric pressure, the manhole 14 can be opened to enter the tank body 1. When it is necessary to repair the funnel-type fluidizing device 31, the bolts between the funnel-type fluidizing device 31 and the lower discharge mechanism 17 of the tank body 1 can be removed, and then the butterfly valve between the funnel-type fluidizing device 31 and the discharge pipe 33 can be removed, and the funnel-type fluidizing device 31 can be removed for maintenance or overall replacement.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity pneumatic unloading method, comprising a tank body (1); a base frame (2) is installed at the bottom of the tank body (1); a coupler buffer device (6) is installed at each end of the base frame (2), and a bogie (7) is installed below each end; Features: It also includes a gravity-type pneumatic unloading device (3) arranged at the bottom of the tank body (1); The top of the tank body (1) is provided with a manhole (14) for feeding, and the bottom is evenly provided with 2N discharge ports, wherein N is an integer and 1≤N≤5; The gravity-type pneumatic unloading device (3) comprises 2N funnel-type fluidizing devices (31), two blowing-assisting pipelines (32), two unloading pipelines (33), an air intake pipeline (34), 2N main air intake pipelines (35) and an exhaust pipeline; The two discharge pipelines (33) are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the tank body (1) along the length direction of the tank body (1), and each discharge pipeline (33) is provided with N inlets, one end of which is used as an outlet for connecting to the discharge port, and the other end is used as an air inlet; the feed ends of the 2N funnel-type fluidizing devices (31) are respectively connected to the 2N discharge ports, and the discharge ends are respectively connected to the inlets on the corresponding discharge pipelines (33); The air inlet pipeline (34) is arranged along the length direction of the tank body (1), and is provided with 2N air outlets, and is provided with an air inlet for connecting to an air source, and has an auxiliary blowing port at each end; each air outlet is correspondingly connected to the air inlet end of a main air inlet pipeline (35), and the air outlet end of the main air inlet pipeline (35) is arranged at the lower side of the funnel-type fluidizing device (31), and is used to blow air into the funnel-type fluidizing device (31) to assist in unloading; each auxiliary blowing port is connected to the air inlet end of an auxiliary blowing pipeline (32), and the air outlet ends of the two auxiliary blowing pipelines (32) are respectively connected to the air inlets of the two discharge pipelines (33), and are used to blow air into the discharge pipeline (33) to assist in unloading; The exhaust pipeline is arranged on the top of the tank body (1), the air inlet end of the exhaust pipeline is located inside the tank body (1), and the air outlet end is located outside the tank body (1).

2. The railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using gravity pneumatic unloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tank body (1) comprises a cylindrical body (11), a traction and pillow connecting plate (15) and a tank body pad (16); The manhole (14) is provided at the top of the cylindrical body (11), 2N discharge ports are evenly provided at the bottom of the cylindrical body (11), the two ends of the cylindrical body (11) are respectively connected to the bottom end of a large-slope conical body (12), and the top ends of the two large-slope conical bodies (12) are respectively provided with a head (13) adapted thereto; the large end of the large-slope conical body (12) is the bottom end; The traction pillow connecting plate (15) is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical body (11) along the length direction, and its two ends are respectively mounted on the conical surfaces of two large-slope conical bodies (12), and the lower part is connected to the upper plane of the base frame (2); The tank body pad (16) is arranged between the traction and pillow connecting plate (15), the cylindrical barrel (11), and the two large-angle conical barrels (12).

3. The railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using gravity pneumatic unloading according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base frame (2) comprises a longitudinal beam mechanism and two bolster pulling mechanisms respectively arranged at two ends of the longitudinal beam mechanism; The longitudinal beam mechanism comprises two longitudinal beams (21) arranged in parallel, and the two longitudinal beams (21) are respectively located on both sides of the gravity-type pneumatic unloading device (3); The traction pillow mechanism comprises a bolster beam (22) vertically arranged on two longitudinal beams (21), a traction beam (23), an end beam (24) and two side beams (25); The traction beam (23) is arranged on the bogie (7), a coupler buffer device (6) is arranged below the traction beam, and two ends are respectively connected to the bolster (22) and the end beam (24) to form an I-shaped structure; Two ends of each of the side beams (25) are respectively connected to one end of the bolster beam (22) and a corresponding end of the end beam (24); The traction beam (23), the bolster beam (22) and the longitudinal beam (21) are respectively connected to the traction bolster connecting plate (15).

4. The railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using gravity pneumatic unloading according to claim 3, characterized in that: A discharge mechanism (17) is provided between each discharge port at the bottom of the cylindrical body (11) and the funnel-type fluidizing device (31); The discharge mechanism (17) comprises two arc-shaped slide plates (18) and two triangular patch plates (19), the arc-shaped slide plates (18) and the triangular patch plates (19) are arranged alternately and connected in sequence to form a closed whole, the upper end opening of the closed whole is connected to the discharge port, and the lower end opening is connected to the feed end of the funnel-type fluidizing device (31); The arc-shaped slide plate (18) is arranged at an acute angle with the transverse section of the cylindrical body (11).

5. A railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using gravity pneumatic unloading according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The funnel-type fluidizing device (31) comprises a funnel-type small head outer wall (36); the upper end of the funnel-type small head outer wall (36) is connected to the discharge port as the feed end of the funnel-type fluidizing device (31), and the lower end is connected to the corresponding inlet on the discharge pipeline (33) as the discharge end of the funnel-type fluidizing device, and the inner surface is provided with a porous plate (37) adapted thereto; the porous plate (37) is covered with a breathable canvas (38), and a plurality of pressure strips (39) are provided on the breathable canvas (38) along the radial direction of the funnel-type small head outer wall (36), and the plurality of pressure strips (39) are evenly arranged on the circumference of the funnel-type small head outer wall (36).

6. The railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using gravity pneumatic unloading according to claim 5, characterized in that: A butterfly valve is provided between the lower end of the outer wall (36) of the funnel-shaped small sealing head and the discharge pipeline (33).

7. The railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using gravity pneumatic unloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: A safety valve (310) and a pressure gauge (311) are installed on the air intake pipeline (34).

8. The railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using gravity pneumatic unloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge ends of the two discharge pipelines (33) are connected to the discharge outlet via a tee (312).

9. A railway tank car for transporting powder and granular materials using a gravity pneumatic unloading method according to claim 8, characterized in that: N＝3。

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