Carbonization equipment and method for processing biochar from agricultural waste

Abstract

The present invention discloses a carbonization device and method for processing biochar from agricultural waste, including a carbonization furnace body and an exhaust gas treatment device, the carbonization furnace body and the exhaust gas treatment device are connected through a pipeline, the carbonization furnace body has a silo, and a plurality of heating units are arranged on its inner wall to heat the material in the silo, and also includes a de-impurity device, a crushing device, a dehumidification device and a compression device, and the de-impurity device, the crushing device, the dehumidification device, the dehumidification device, the compression device and the carbonization furnace body are connected through a transmission mechanism. The present invention treats the exhaust gas generated by carbonization through the exhaust gas treatment device and then discharges it, thereby reducing the impact on air quality; removes impurities in agricultural waste through the impurity removal component, thereby improving the quality of biochar and the efficiency of carbonization; crushes, dehumidifies and compresses agricultural waste through the crushing device, the dehumidification device and the compression device, thereby improving the efficiency of carbonization of agricultural waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pyrolysis process, and in particular to carbonization equipment and method for processing biochar from agricultural waste. Background Art

[0002] When agricultural waste such as straw or branches and leaves of fruit trees are treated, the traditional method is usually to burn them on the spot, but the smoke generated by this method has a great impact on air quality. In order to protect the environment, it is now common to crush the above-mentioned agricultural waste and then return it to the field. Although this method of returning the field to the field can improve the land to a certain extent, the effect is limited, and this method of returning the field to the field is far less effective than the inhibitory effect of the ash after burning on insect pests in the land. There is also a method of treating agricultural waste by fermentation and then returning it to the field, but this method cannot inhibit insect pests. Therefore, a method that can reduce air pollution, improve the land and inhibit insect pests is needed to treat agricultural waste such as straw or branches and leaves of fruit trees. In the prior art, attempts are made to transform biomass materials into biological and thermochemical forms, commonly known as pyrolysis, to produce renewable clean energy. Biomaterials can produce products in three forms: solid, gas and liquid by pyrolysis. According to the purpose, the pyrolysis conditions are controlled to obtain the required main products. For example, a straw carbonization method disclosed in CN114874796B can obtain biochar by pyrolysis carbonization of agricultural waste such as straw or branches and leaves of fruit trees, but does not treat the flue gas generated by carbonization, and the generated flue gas will still have an impact on the environment. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a carbonization device for processing biochar from agricultural waste.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention discloses a carbonization device and method for processing biochar from agricultural waste, comprising a carbonization furnace body and an exhaust gas treatment device, wherein the carbonization furnace body and the exhaust gas treatment device are connected via a pipeline, the carbonization furnace body is provided with a silo, and a plurality of heating units are arranged on the inner wall thereof to heat the material in the silo, and further comprises a dust removal device, a crushing device, a dehumidification device and a compression device, wherein the dust removal device, the crushing device, the dehumidification device, the dehumidification device, the compression device and the carbonization furnace body are connected via a transmission mechanism.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the impurity removal device includes a screening machine and a metal impurity remover to remove impurities in agricultural waste.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the crushing assembly includes a crushing box, a crushing motor and two crushing rollers. The feeding end of the crushing box is connected to the discharge end of the impurity removal device through a transmission mechanism. The two crushing rollers are rotatably arranged in the crushing box at intervals. The crushing motor is arranged on the outer wall of the crushing box and is transmission-connected to the two crushing rollers to crush the agricultural waste that has been cleaned into a suitable size.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the dehumidification device includes a dehumidification box and a hot air unit. The feeding end of the dehumidification box is connected to the unloading end of the crushing assembly through a conveying mechanism. The hot air unit is arranged on the dehumidification box and connected to the dehumidification box to dehumidify the crushed agricultural waste.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the compression device is a briquetting machine to compress the agricultural waste into blocks for better carbonization.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the carbonization furnace body is provided with an exhaust unit connected to the interior thereof to exhaust the air in the carbonization furnace body to reduce the oxygen content. The heating unit includes a plurality of igniters and a plurality of air intake pipes. Fuel gas is fed into the carbonization furnace body through the plurality of air intake pipes and ignited through the igniter to carbonize the agricultural waste therein.

[0010] A carbonization method for processing biochar from agricultural waste comprises the following steps: Step 1: collecting agricultural wastes such as straws, fruit tree branches and leaves that can be used for carbonization, and sending the agricultural wastes into the impurity removal device through a conveying mechanism for impurity removal; Step 2: The agricultural waste after impurities are removed is sent to the crushing device through a conveying mechanism for crushing, and the crushing is performed to a size that is conducive to carbonization; Step 3: sending the crushed agricultural waste to the dehumidification device through a conveying mechanism for dehumidification to reduce the moisture in the agricultural waste, which is beneficial to carbonizing the agricultural waste; Step 4: The dehumidified agricultural waste is sent to a compression device through a conveying mechanism for compression, so as to compress the agricultural waste into blocks, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent carbonization; Step 5: The compressed agricultural waste blocks are sent into the silo through a conveying mechanism, and the air therein is exhausted through an exhaust unit on the carbonization furnace body to reduce the oxygen content therein, which is beneficial to carbonizing the agricultural waste; Step 6: feeding gas into the carbonization furnace body through the gas inlet pipe and igniting the gas through the igniter, thereby heating and carbonizing the agricultural waste blocks in the carbonization furnace body; Step 7: The agricultural waste is carbonized to obtain biochar, which is taken out from the silo, and the tail gas generated by the carbonization is treated by the tail gas treatment device.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, step 2 also includes the following steps: The agricultural waste is first vibrated and screened by a de-impurity device to separate the agricultural waste from impurities such as soil; The agricultural waste is then subjected to metal removal to remove the metal debris remaining in the agricultural waste and further reduce the impurities in the agricultural waste.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the temperature of agricultural waste when dehumidified by the dehumidification device is 100-120°C and the time is 30-60 minutes; The density of the agricultural waste after being compressed by the compression device is 0.7-1.2g / cm³.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the agricultural waste is carbonized by the carbonization furnace at a temperature of 300-700°C and a time of 5-7h.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The exhaust gas generated by carbonization is treated by the exhaust gas treatment device before being discharged, thereby reducing the impact on air quality; the impurities in the agricultural waste are removed by the impurity removal component, thereby improving the quality of biochar and increasing the efficiency of carbonization; the agricultural waste is crushed, dehumidified and compressed by the crushing device, dehumidification device and compression device, thereby improving the efficiency of agricultural waste carbonization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the carbonization equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a top view cross-sectional structural diagram of a crushing device of the carbonization equipment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is an overall structural diagram of the dehumidification device of the carbonization equipment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a flow chart of the steps of the carbonization method of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Carbonization furnace body; 2. Tail gas treatment device; 3. Silo; 4. Heating unit; 5. Impurity removal device; 51. Screening machine; 52. Metal impurity remover; 6. Crushing device; 61. Crushing box; 62. Crushing motor; 63. Crushing roller; 7. Dehumidification device; 71. Dehumidification box; 72. Hot air unit; 8. Compression device; 9. Exhaust unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0017] In the drawings, the same reference numerals all refer to the same components.

[0018] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a carbonization device for processing biochar from agricultural waste, including a carbonization furnace body 1 and an exhaust gas treatment device 2, the carbonization furnace body 1 and the exhaust gas treatment device 2 are connected through a pipeline, the carbonization furnace body 1 has a silo 3, and a plurality of heating units 4 are arranged on the inner wall thereof to heat the material in the silo 3, and also includes a de-impurity device 5, a crushing device 6, a dehumidification device 7 and a compression device 8, the de-impurity device 5, the crushing device 6, the dehumidification device 7, the dehumidification device 7, the compression device 8 and the carbonization furnace body 1 are connected through a transmission mechanism.

[0019] In this embodiment, the collected straw, fruit tree branches and leaves, etc. are sent to the impurity removal device 5 as agricultural waste for impurity removal to remove impurities in the agricultural waste, and then the agricultural waste is sent to the crushing device 6 for crushing through the conveying mechanism of the belt conveyor. After the agricultural waste is crushed to a suitable size, the agricultural waste is sent to the dehumidification device 7 for dehumidification through the conveying mechanism of the auger, and then the dehumidified agricultural waste is sent to the compression device 8 for compression through the conveying mechanism of the auger. After the agricultural waste is compressed into blocks, the agricultural waste blocks are sent to the silo 3 through the conveying mechanism of the belt conveyor, and the silo 3 is sent to the carbonization furnace body 1, and then the agricultural waste blocks in the silo 3 are heated and carbonized by the heating unit 4. After the carbonization is completed, the obtained biochar is removed, and the generated exhaust gas is treated by the exhaust gas treatment device 2 using the prior art.

[0020] Furthermore, the impurity removal device 5 includes a screening machine 51 and a metal impurity remover 52 to remove impurities in the agricultural waste.

[0021] In this embodiment, agricultural waste is separated from impurities therein by a screening machine 51 , and metal debris remaining in the agricultural waste is removed by a metal remover 52 .

[0022] Furthermore, the crushing assembly includes a crushing box 61, a crushing motor 62 and two crushing rollers 63. The feeding end of the crushing box 61 is connected to the discharging end of the impurity removal device 5 through a conveying mechanism. The two crushing rollers 63 are rotatably arranged in the crushing box 61 at intervals. The crushing motor 62 is arranged on the outer wall of the crushing box 61 and is transmission-connected to the two crushing rollers 63 to crush the agricultural waste that has been cleaned into a suitable size.

[0023] In this embodiment, the crushing roller 63 is driven to rotate by the crushing motor 62 in the crushing box 61, so that the agricultural waste entering the crushing box 61 is crushed to a suitable size and then discharged.

[0024] Furthermore, the dehumidification device 7 includes a dehumidification box 71 and a hot air unit 72. The feed end of the dehumidification box 71 is connected to the discharge end of the crushing component through a conveying mechanism. The hot air unit 72 is arranged on the dehumidification box 71 and connected to the dehumidification box 71 to dehumidify the crushed agricultural waste.

[0025] In this embodiment, hot air is blown toward the agricultural waste in the dehumidification box 71 through the hot air unit 72, so as to dry the agricultural waste and reduce the moisture content in the agricultural waste, thereby facilitating subsequent carbonization.

[0026] Furthermore, the compression device 8 is a briquetting machine for compressing the agricultural waste into blocks for better carbonization.

[0027] Furthermore, the carbonization furnace body 1 is provided with an exhaust unit 9 connected to the interior thereof to exhaust the air in the carbonization furnace body 1 to reduce the oxygen content. The heating unit 4 includes a plurality of igniters and a plurality of air intake pipes. Fuel gas is fed into the carbonization furnace body 1 through the plurality of air intake pipes and ignited through the igniter to carbonize the agricultural waste therein.

[0028] In this embodiment, the air in the carbonization furnace body 1 is extracted through the exhaust unit 9, thereby reducing the oxygen content therein to facilitate carbonization, and the fuel gas is delivered into the carbonization furnace body 1 through multiple air intake pipes connected to external storage tanks, and the fuel gas in the carbonization furnace body 1 is ignited by an igniter to carbonize the agricultural waste in the silo 3.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, a carbonization method for processing biochar from agricultural waste comprises the following steps: Step 1: Collect agricultural wastes such as straw, fruit tree branches and leaves that can be used for carbonization, and send the agricultural wastes to the impurity removal device 5 through a conveying mechanism for impurity removal; Step 2: The agricultural waste after impurities are sent to the crushing device 6 through the conveying mechanism for crushing, and crushed to a size that is conducive to carbonization; Step 3: The crushed agricultural waste is sent to the dehumidification device 7 through the conveying mechanism for dehumidification to reduce the moisture in the agricultural waste, which is beneficial to carbonization of the agricultural waste; Step 4: The dehumidified agricultural waste is sent to the compression device 8 through the conveying mechanism for compression, so as to compress the agricultural waste into blocks, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent carbonization; Step 5: The compressed agricultural waste blocks are sent into the silo 3 through the conveying mechanism, and the air therein is exhausted through the exhaust unit 9 on the carbonization furnace body 1 to reduce the oxygen content therein, which is beneficial to the carbonization of the agricultural waste; Step 6: feeding gas into the carbonization furnace body 1 through the gas inlet pipe and igniting the gas through the igniter, thereby heating and carbonizing the agricultural waste blocks in the carbonization furnace body 1; Step 7: The agricultural waste is carbonized to obtain biochar, which is taken out from the silo 3 , and the tail gas generated by the carbonization is treated by the tail gas treatment device 2 .

[0030] Furthermore, step 2 also includes the following steps: The agricultural waste is first vibrated and screened by the impurity removal device 5, thereby separating the agricultural waste from impurities such as soil; The agricultural waste is then subjected to metal removal to remove the metal debris remaining in the agricultural waste and further reduce the impurities in the agricultural waste.

[0031] Furthermore, the agricultural waste is dehumidified by the dehumidification device 7 at a temperature of 100-120°C for a period of 30-60 minutes; The density of the agricultural waste after being compressed by the compression device 8 is 0.7-1.2 g / cm³.

[0032] Furthermore, the agricultural waste is carbonized by the carbonization furnace 1 at a temperature of 300-700° C. for 5-7 hours.

[0033] In this embodiment, the temperature of agricultural waste when dehumidified by the dehumidification device 7 is 100°C and the time is 30 minutes. The density of agricultural waste after compression by the compression device 8 is 0.7g / cm³. The temperature of agricultural waste carbonized by the carbonization furnace body 1 is 300°C and the time is 5 hours.

[0034] In another embodiment, the temperature of agricultural waste when dehumidified by the dehumidification device 7 is 120°C and the time is 60 minutes. The density of agricultural waste after compression by the compression device 8 is 1.2g / cm³. The temperature of agricultural waste carbonized by the carbonization furnace body 1 is 700°C and the time is 7 hours.

[0035] The present invention relates to a carbonization device and method for processing agricultural waste into biochar. The tail gas generated by carbonization is treated by a tail gas treatment device and then discharged, thereby reducing the impact on air quality; impurities in the agricultural waste are removed by an impurity removal component, thereby improving the quality of the biochar and increasing the efficiency of carbonization; the agricultural waste is crushed, dehumidified and compressed by a crushing device, a dehumidification device and a compression device, thereby improving the efficiency of carbonization of the agricultural waste.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbonization device for processing biochar from agricultural waste, comprising a carbonization furnace body (1) and an exhaust gas treatment device (2), wherein the carbonization furnace body (1) and the exhaust gas treatment device (2) are connected via a pipeline, wherein the carbonization furnace body (1) has a silo (3) inside, and a plurality of heating units (4) are arranged on the inner wall thereof to heat the material in the silo (3), wherein: It also comprises a dust removal device (5), a crushing device (6), a dehumidification device (7) and a compression device (8); the dust removal device (5), the crushing device (6), the dehumidification device (7), the dehumidification device (7), the compression device (8) and the carbonization furnace body (1) are connected via a transmission mechanism.

2. The carbonization equipment for processing biochar from agricultural waste according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The impurity removal device (5) comprises a screening machine (51) and a metal impurity remover (52) to remove impurities from agricultural waste.

3. The carbonization equipment for processing biochar from agricultural waste according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crushing assembly comprises a crushing box (61), a crushing motor (62) and two crushing rollers (63); the feeding end of the crushing box (61) is connected to the discharging end of the impurity removal device (5) through a transmission mechanism; the two crushing rollers (63) are rotatably arranged in the crushing box (61) at an interval; the crushing motor (62) is arranged on the outer wall of the crushing box (61) and is transmission-connected to the two crushing rollers (63) to crush the agricultural waste that has been cleaned into a suitable size.

4. The carbonization equipment for processing biochar from agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dehumidification device (7) comprises a dehumidification box (71) and a hot air unit (72); the feed end of the dehumidification box (71) is connected to the discharge end of the crushing component via a conveying mechanism; the hot air unit (72) is arranged on the dehumidification box (71) and is connected to the inside of the dehumidification box (71) to dehumidify the crushed agricultural waste.

5. The carbonization equipment for processing biochar from agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression device (8) is a briquetting machine, which is used to compress agricultural waste into blocks for better carbonization.

6. The carbonization equipment for processing biochar from agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbonization furnace body (1) is provided with an exhaust unit (9) in communication with the interior thereof, so as to exhaust the air in the carbonization furnace body (1) to reduce the oxygen content. The heating unit (4) comprises a plurality of igniters and a plurality of air intake pipes. Fuel gas is fed into the carbonization furnace body (1) through the plurality of air intake pipes and ignited through the igniter, so as to carbonize the agricultural waste therein.

7. A method for carbonizing agricultural waste to produce biochar, characterized in that: Carbonizing agricultural waste using the carbonizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: Step 1: collecting agricultural waste such as straw, fruit tree branches and leaves that can be used for carbonization, and sending the agricultural waste into the impurity removal device (5) through a conveying mechanism for impurity removal; Step 2: The agricultural waste after impurities are removed is sent to the crushing device (6) through a conveying mechanism for crushing, and the crushing is performed to a size that is conducive to carbonization; Step 3: sending the crushed agricultural waste to the dehumidification device (7) through a conveying mechanism for dehumidification to reduce the moisture in the agricultural waste, which is beneficial to carbonizing the agricultural waste; Step 4: The dehumidified agricultural waste is sent to a compression device (8) through a conveying mechanism for compression, so as to compress the agricultural waste into blocks, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent carbonization; Step 5: The compressed agricultural waste blocks are sent into the silo (3) through a conveying mechanism, and the air therein is exhausted through the exhaust unit (9) on the carbonization furnace body (1) to reduce the oxygen content therein, which is beneficial to the carbonization of the agricultural waste; Step 6: introducing gas into the carbonization furnace body (1) through the gas inlet pipe and igniting the gas through the igniter, thereby heating and carbonizing the agricultural waste blocks in the carbonization furnace body (1); Step 7: The agricultural waste is carbonized to obtain biochar, which is taken out from the silo (3), and the tail gas generated by the carbonization is treated by the tail gas treatment device (2).

8. The method for carbonizing agricultural waste into biochar according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 2 also includes the following steps: The agricultural waste is first vibrated and screened by a cleaning device (5) to separate the agricultural waste from impurities such as soil; The agricultural waste is then subjected to metal removal to remove the metal debris remaining in the agricultural waste and further reduce the impurities in the agricultural waste.

9. The method for carbonizing agricultural waste into biochar according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature of the agricultural waste during dehumidification by the dehumidification device (7) is 100-120°C and the time is 30-60 minutes; The density of the agricultural waste after being compressed by the compression device (8) is 0.7-1.2 g / cm³.

10. The method for carbonizing biochar from agricultural waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: The agricultural waste is carbonized by the carbonization furnace (1) at a temperature of 300-700°C and a time of 5-7 hours.

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