A method for preparing high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and specifically relates to a method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material. A high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in weight percentage: Cu 3.0-5.0%, Si 3.0-5.0%, Sn 3.0-5.0%, Ca 0.5-1.5%, Ni 0.1-0.5%, Mg 0.1-1.0%, Ti 0.1-0.7%, Co 0.01-0.5%, Nb 0.01-0.3%, Mo 0.01-0.1%, Fe 0.01-0.1%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the total impurity content is not more than 0.2%. The rare earth aluminum alloy material provided by the present invention adopts raw materials micro-alloyed with Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Ca master alloy, Al-Mg master alloy, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy and Al-Fe master alloy. Various micro-alloyed aluminum ingots are mutually integrated, interact with each other, and complement each other's strengths. Ultimately, not only the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material can be improved, but also the dosage of rare earth elements and precious metals can be reduced, thereby reducing costs and increasing efficiency for the entire production process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material. Background Art

[0002] On the premise of meeting the use requirements of various components of weapons and equipment, reducing the weight of various components of weapons and equipment is of great significance for improving the performance of weapons and equipment, enhancing the mobility of troops during combat, improving the transportation efficiency of weapons and equipment by troops, and improving the success rate of combat. It also has certain economic benefits.

[0003] The main methods to achieve lightweight weapons and equipment include the use of lightweight materials to manufacture weapons and equipment, lightweight design of weapon and equipment structures, and multidisciplinary design optimization. The use of lightweight materials is the most effective method. So far, the main lightweight materials studied by countries around the world are aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium alloys. Among them, aluminum resources are relatively abundant, and aluminum and aluminum alloys are an important metal in industry after steel. Aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace, automobile production, radar equipment manufacturing, and weapons and equipment manufacturing due to their low density, strong corrosion resistance, high strength, easy recycling, easy regeneration, good electrical and thermal conductivity, and strong impact resistance.

[0004] Among them, cables in the power industry are resources used to transmit and distribute electrical energy. Their basic structure is usually composed of four parts: wire core, insulation layer, shielding layer and protective layer. The wire core is the conductive part of the cable, which is used to transmit electrical energy and is the main component of the cable. Therefore, the aluminum alloy material used to make the wire core has high requirements in terms of conductivity, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, forming performance and service life.

[0005] With the deepening of research on aluminum alloy materials, there are many types of aluminum alloy materials available, and the performance of various aluminum alloy materials also varies greatly. The existing aluminum alloy materials have room for further improvement in terms of conductivity, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, forming properties and service life, but still need to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material using the following technical scheme:

[0008] A high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in weight percentage: Cu 3.0-5.0%, Si 3.0-5.0%, Sn 3.0-5.0%, Ca 0.5-1.5%, Ni 0.1-0.5%, Mg 0.1-1.0%, Ti 0.1-0.7%, Co 0.01-0.5%, Nb 0.01-0.3%, Mo 0.01-0.1%, Fe 0.01-0.1%, the remainder being Al and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the total impurity content is not more than 0.2%.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of Cu, Si and Sn is 1:0.5-1:0.5-1.

[0010] Preferably, the sum of the weight percentages of Sn+Ca is 3.5-6.0%, and the sum of the weight percentages of Fe+Ni+Mo is 0.3-0.5.

[0011] Preferably, the total content of Na and K in the impurities is less than 50 ppm.

[0012] A method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1. Weigh pure aluminum, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, and Al-Fe master alloy according to weight percentage and dry them;

[0014] S2, put pure aluminum into a melting furnace, preheat at 500°C for 1-3h, add Al-Si master alloy, continue heating to 730°C and keep warm for 0.5-1h, then add Al-Cu master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, Al-Fe master alloy respectively, stir fully after all are melted, keep warm and stand for 0.5-1h, then heat to 760°C and keep warm and stand for 0.5-1h to obtain alloy melt;

[0015] S3, adding a refining agent and hexachloroethane to the above alloy melt for refining and degassing for 0.5 to 1 hour; after deslagging, standing, cooling to 700° C. and keeping the temperature for 0.5 to 1 hour, casting and cooling to obtain a refined alloy melt;

[0016] S4. Subjecting the refined alloy melt to solution treatment and aging treatment in sequence to obtain a rare earth aluminum alloy material.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the refining agent consists of 30-50% zinc chloride, 30-50% aluminum fluoride, 5-20% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5-20% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 5-20% dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.

[0018] Further preferably, the ratio of the refining agent and hexachloroethane to the total mass of the melt is 0.2-0.5%:0.2-0.5%:1.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, the refined alloy melt is successively heated at 600°C for 1 to 3 h and 500°C for 0.5 to 1 h for solution treatment, and then heated at 200°C for 1 to 3 h and 100°C for 1 to 3 h for aging treatment to obtain a rare earth aluminum alloy material.

[0020] An application of a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material, wherein the rare earth aluminum alloy material is used for cables, super capacitors, chemical sensors or three-electric system housing parts.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] The rare earth aluminum alloy material provided by the present invention adopts raw materials micro-alloyed with Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Ca master alloy, Al-Mg master alloy, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy and Al-Fe master alloy. Various micro-alloyed aluminum ingots are mutually integrated, interact with each other, and complement each other's strengths. Ultimately, not only the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material can be improved, but also the dosage of rare earth elements and precious metals can be reduced, thereby reducing costs and increasing efficiency for the entire production process.

[0023] The rare earth aluminum alloy material provided by the present invention adds Co, Nb, and Mo elements to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy; in addition, the rare earth elements have a strong affinity with gases such as hydrogen and can generate high-melting point compounds, have a certain dehydrogenation, refining, and purification effect in the melt, have a positive effect on the tensile strength and elongation of the final product, and effectively improve the performance of the alloy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through specific implementation methods.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in weight percentage: Cu 3.0%, Si 3.0%, Sn 3.0%, Ca 0.5%, Ni 0.3%, Mg 0.1%, Ti 0.1%, Co 0.01%, Nb 0.01%, Mo 0.01%, Fe 0.01%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the total impurity content is not more than 0.2%, and the total content of Na and K in the impurities is less than 50ppm.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] A high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in weight percentage: Cu 5.0%, Si 5.0%, Sn 5.0%, Ca 1.0%, Ni 0.4%, Mg 1.0%, Ti 0.7%, Co 0.5%, Nb 0.3%, Mo 0.1%, Fe 0.1%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the total impurity content is not more than 0.2%, and the total content of Na and K in the impurities is less than 50ppm.

[0029] Example 3

[0030] A high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in weight percentage: Cu 4.0%, Si 4.0%, Sn 4.0%, Ca 1.0%, Ni 0.2%, Mg 0.5%, Ti 0.3%, Co 0.3%, Nb 0.1%, Mo 0.06%, Fe 0.06%, the remainder being Al and other unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the total impurity content is not more than 0.2%, and the total content of Na and K in the impurities is less than 50ppm.

[0031] Example 4

[0032] A high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in weight percentage: Cu 5.0%, Si 3.0%, Sn 4.0%, Ca 0.8%, Ni 0.3%, Mg 0.5%, Ti 0.4%, Co 0.2%, Nb 0.1%, Mo 0.08%, Fe 0.04%, the remainder being Al and other unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the total impurity content is not more than 0.2%, and the total content of Na and K in the impurities is less than 50ppm.

[0033] Example 5

[0034] A method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1. According to the weight percentage in Example 1, pure aluminum, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, and Al-Fe master alloy are weighed and dried respectively;

[0036] S2, put pure aluminum into a melting furnace, preheat at 500 ° C for 1 hour, add Al-Si master alloy and continue to heat to 730 ° C and keep it warm for 0.5 hours, then add Al-Cu master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, Al-Fe master alloy respectively, stir fully after all are melted, keep warm and stand for 0.5 hours, then heat to 760 ° C and keep warm and stand for 0.5 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0037] S3. Add refining agent and hexachloroethane to the above alloy melt for refining, degassing and deslagging for 0.5h; after deslagging, let it stand, cool to 700°C and keep it warm for 0.5h, cast and cool to obtain a refined alloy melt; the refining agent is composed of 30% zinc chloride, 30% aluminum fluoride, 20% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 10% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 10% dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and the ratio of the refining agent and hexachloroethane to the total mass of the melt is 0.2%:0.2%:1.

[0038] S4. The refined alloy melt is subjected to solution treatment at 600°C for 1 h and 500°C for 0.5 h, and then subjected to aging treatment at 200°C for 1 h and 100°C for 1 h, to obtain a rare earth aluminum alloy material.

[0039] For the rare earth aluminum alloy material in this embodiment, the mechanical properties were tested by an Instron tensile testing machine, and the yield strength was measured to be 375 MPa, the tensile strength was 402 MPa, and the elongation was 17.6%.

[0040] Example 6

[0041] A method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1. According to the weight percentage in Example 2, pure aluminum, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, and Al-Fe master alloy are weighed and dried respectively;

[0043] S2, put pure aluminum into a melting furnace, preheat at 500 ° C for 2h, add Al-Si master alloy and continue heating to 730 ° C and keep it warm for 0.8h, then add Al-Cu master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, Al-Fe master alloy respectively, stir fully after all are melted, keep warm and stand for 0.8h, then heat to 760 ° C and keep warm and stand for 0.8h to obtain alloy melt;

[0044] S3. Add refining agent and hexachloroethane to the above alloy melt for refining, degassing and deslagging for 1 hour; after deslagging, let it stand, cool to 700°C and keep it warm for 1 hour, then cast and cool to obtain a refined alloy melt; the refining agent is composed of 40% zinc chloride, 40% aluminum fluoride, 10% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 5% dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and the ratio of the refining agent and hexachloroethane to the total mass of the melt is 0.5%:0.5%:1.

[0045] S4. The refined alloy melt is subjected to solution treatment at 600°C for 3 h and 500°C for 1 h, and then subjected to aging treatment at 200°C for 3 h and 100°C for 3 h, to obtain a rare earth aluminum alloy material.

[0046] For the rare earth aluminum alloy material in this embodiment, the mechanical properties were tested by an Instron tensile testing machine, and the yield strength was measured to be 398 MPa, the tensile strength was 423 MPa, and the elongation was 18.3%.

[0047] Example 7

[0048] A method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1. According to the weight percentage in Example 3, pure aluminum, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, and Al-Fe master alloy are weighed and dried respectively;

[0050] S2, put pure aluminum into a melting furnace, preheat at 500°C for 3h, add Al-Si master alloy and continue heating to 730°C and keep warm for 1h, then add Al-Cu master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy and Al-Fe master alloy respectively, stir fully after all are melted, keep warm and stand for 1h, then heat to 760°C and keep warm and stand for 1h to obtain alloy melt;

[0051] S3. Add refining agent and hexachloroethane to the above alloy melt for refining, degassing and deslagging for 0.8h; after deslagging, let it stand, cool to 700°C and keep it warm for 0.8h, then cast and cool to obtain a refined alloy melt; the refining agent is composed of 30% zinc chloride, 40% aluminum fluoride, 10% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 10% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 10% dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and the ratio of the refining agent and hexachloroethane to the total mass of the melt is 0.3%:0.4%:1.

[0052] S4. The refined alloy melt is subjected to solution treatment at 600° C. for 2 h and 500° C. for 0.8 h, and then subjected to aging treatment at 200° C. for 2 h and 100° C. for 2 h, to obtain a rare earth aluminum alloy material.

[0053] For the rare earth aluminum alloy material in this embodiment, the mechanical properties were tested by an Instron tensile testing machine, and the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation were measured to be 383 MPa, 416 MPa and 18.1%.

[0054] Example 8

[0055] A method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1. According to the weight percentage in Example 4, pure aluminum, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, and Al-Fe master alloy are weighed and dried respectively;

[0057] S2, put pure aluminum into a melting furnace, preheat at 500°C for 2h, add Al-Si master alloy and continue heating to 730°C and keep warm for 1h, then add Al-Cu master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy and Al-Fe master alloy respectively, stir fully after all are melted, keep warm and stand for 1h, then heat to 760°C and keep warm and stand for 1h to obtain alloy melt;

[0058] S3. Add refining agent and hexachloroethane to the above alloy melt for refining, degassing and deslagging for 1 hour; after deslagging, let it stand, cool to 700°C and keep it warm for 0.5 hour, then cast and cool to obtain a refined alloy melt; the refining agent is composed of 40% zinc chloride, 30% aluminum fluoride, 5% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 20% dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and the ratio of the refining agent and hexachloroethane to the total mass of the melt is 0.3%:0.5%:1.

[0059] S4. The refined alloy melt is subjected to solution treatment at 600°C for 2h and 500°C for 1h in sequence, and then subjected to aging treatment at 200°C for 2h and 100°C for 2h to obtain a rare earth aluminum alloy material.

[0060] For the rare earth aluminum alloy material in this embodiment, the mechanical properties were tested by an Instron tensile testing machine, and the yield strength was measured to be 394 MPa, the tensile strength was 420 MPa, and the elongation was 18.5%.

[0061] The rare earth aluminum alloy material provided by the present invention adds Co, Nb, and Mo elements to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy; in addition, the rare earth elements have a strong affinity with gases such as hydrogen and can generate high-melting point compounds, have a certain dehydrogenation, refining, and purification effect in the melt, have a positive effect on the tensile strength and elongation of the final product, and effectively improve the performance of the alloy.

[0062] The rare earth aluminum alloy material provided by the present invention adopts raw materials of microalloying of Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Ca master alloy, Al-Mg master alloy, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, and Al-Fe master alloy, and various microalloyed aluminum ingots are mutually fused, interacted, and complemented with each other, and ultimately not only the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material can be improved, but also the amount of rare earth elements and precious metals can be reduced, so as to reduce costs and increase efficiency for the entire production process. In view of the fact that the rare earth aluminum alloy material also has a certain electrical conductivity, it can be used as a material for cables, supercapacitors, chemical sensors, or three-electric system housing parts.

[0063] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the technical solution for protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in weight percentage: Cu 3.0-5.0%, Si 3.0-5.0%, Sn 3.0-5.0%, Ca 0.5-1.5%, Ni 0.1-0.5%, Mg 0.1-1.0%, Ti 0.1-0.7%, Co 0.01-0.5%, Nb 0.01-0.3%, Mo 0.01-0.1%, Fe 0.01-0.1%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the total impurity content is not more than 0.2%.

2. The high performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Cu, Si and Sn is 1:0.5-1:0.5-1.

3. The high performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sum of the weight percentages of Sn+Ca is 3.5-6.0%, and the sum of the weight percentages of Fe+Ni+Mo is 0.3-0.

5.

4. The high performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total content of Na and K in the impurities is less than 50 ppm.

5. A method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Weigh pure aluminum, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, and Al-Fe master alloy according to weight percentage and dry them; S2, put pure aluminum into a melting furnace, preheat at 500°C for 1-3h, add Al-Si master alloy, continue heating to 730°C and keep warm for 0.5-1h, then add Al-Cu master alloy, tin powder, Al-Ca master alloy, nano nickel powder, Al-Mg master alloy, titanium powder, Al-Co master alloy, Al-Nb master alloy, Al-Mo master alloy, Al-Fe master alloy respectively, stir fully after all are melted, keep warm and stand for 0.5-1h, then heat to 760°C and keep warm and stand for 0.5-1h to obtain alloy melt; S3, adding a refining agent and hexachloroethane to the above alloy melt for refining and degassing for 0.5 to 1 hour; after deslagging, standing, cooling to 700° C. and keeping the temperature for 0.5 to 1 hour, casting and cooling to obtain a refined alloy melt; S4. Subjecting the refined alloy melt to solution treatment and aging treatment in sequence to obtain a rare earth aluminum alloy material.

6. The method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the refining agent is composed of 30-50% zinc chloride, 30-50% aluminum fluoride, 5-20% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5-20% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 5-20% dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.

7. The method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ratio of the refining agent and hexachloroethane to the total mass of the melt is 0.2-0.5%:0.2-0.5%:

1.

8. The method for preparing a high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the refined alloy melt is successively subjected to solution treatment at 600°C for 1 to 3 h and 500°C for 0.5 to 1 h, and then subjected to aging treatment at 200°C for 1 to 3 h and 100°C for 1 to 3 h, to obtain a rare earth aluminum alloy material.

9. An application of the high-performance nano rare earth aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The rare earth aluminum alloy material is used for cables, super capacitors, chemical sensors or three-electric system housing parts.