Device for simulating whole process of landslide debris flow and debris flow river blocking disaster

Abstract

The invention provides a device for simulating the whole process of a landslide debris flow and debris flow river blocking disaster, and the device comprises a water tank assembly which comprises a horizontally-arranged main tank, one side of the main tank in the length direction is communicated with a branch tank, and the side, facing the main tank, of the branch tank is obliquely arranged; the material box is movably positioned on the upstream of the branch groove; a first water tank located upstream of the main tank; the sedimentation tank is positioned at one end, far away from the first water tank, of the main tank; the measuring weir tank is positioned on one side of the sedimentation tank far away from the main tank; the second water tank is positioned on one side, far away from the sedimentation tank, of the measuring weir tank. According to the invention, not only can the whole-process and whole-life simulation of landslide river blocking and debris flow river blocking disasters be realized, but also the complete outburst process in the disaster-pregnant and disaster-inducing process can be researched and observed; kinetic key parameters related to the whole process and the whole life and environmental noise vibration signals in the forming and outburst process of the landslide debris flow or debris flow weir dam are monitored, and then understanding and understanding of the disaster chain of river blocking by the landslide debris flow and river blocking by the debris flow are deepened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology, and in particular to a device for simulating the entire process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking a river disaster. Background Art

[0002] Slopes and steep slopes along the banks of rivers in mountainous areas, as well as valley areas, are very prone to instability and destruction under the influence of rainfall, earthquakes and human activities. Landslide debris flows or mud-rock flows move toward the river valley at a certain speed or high speed. During the movement, they are affected by various resistances, which slow down their speed. They eventually stop at a certain point in the river or even reach the other side of the river, causing landslide debris flows or mud-rock flows to block the river, forming a natural dam. This natural dam is unstable, short-lived, and easy to collapse. Its formation and collapse often induce a series of secondary geological disasters and trigger regional geological disaster chains, often causing a large number of casualties and property losses, and bringing great harm to the construction and operation of infrastructure, large-scale water conservancy projects, roads, railways and other engineering fields built along the river.

[0003] In order to reduce the losses caused by such mountain disasters, it is urgently necessary to conduct systematic research on the entire process of formation and evolution of landslide debris flow blocking rivers and mud-rock flow blocking rivers. Related technologies disclose some simulation devices for studying landslide dams and landslide blocking river disasters. These devices can simulate the influence of different landslide conditions, such as speed, angle, volume and other characteristics on landslide blocking rivers. They realize the simulation of landslides or landslide blocking rivers, but lack the simulation of mud-rock flow blocking rivers. The simulated landslide entering the river process is also inconsistent with the actual landslide entering the river process. In addition, the observation angle is limited, and it is impossible to observe the entire process of landslide or mud-rock flow blocking the river in all directions. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a device for simulating the entire process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking river disasters, so as to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot simulate the entire process of landslide debris flow-surge-overtopping-disaster.

[0005] The present application provides a device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking river disasters, including:

[0006] The water tank assembly comprises a main tank arranged horizontally, a branch tank being connected to one side of the main tank along the length direction, and the branch tank being arranged obliquely toward one side of the main tank;

[0007] a material box, movably located upstream of the branch trough;

[0008] a first water tank, located upstream of the main tank;

[0009] a sedimentation tank located at one end of the main tank away from the first water tank;

[0010] a weir tank, located on a side of the sedimentation tank away from the main tank;

[0011] The second water tank is located at a side of the weir pool away from the sedimentation pool.

[0012] In some embodiments, a liftable bracket is provided at the bottom of the branch groove, and a first pulley is provided at the bottom of the bracket; an angle module is provided at the intersection of the branch groove and the main groove, and the angle module includes a groove, and the groove has a first end and a second end relatively arranged, and the first end and the second end are respectively connected to the branch groove and the main groove, and the angle between the groove and the main groove along the center line perpendicular to the groove depth direction is α, and α is 60° to 120°.

[0013] In some embodiments, first wing pieces extending outward are provided on both sides of the first end, second wing pieces extending outward are provided on both sides of the second end, third wing pieces corresponding to the first wing pieces are provided on both sides of one end of the branch groove close to the angle module, the first wing piece is connected to the corresponding third wing piece by a first bolt, the main groove is provided with an opening at a position corresponding to the angle module, and the second wing piece is connected to the main grooves on both sides of the opening by a second bolt.

[0014] In some embodiments, the inclination angle of the branch groove is β, and β is 30° to 40°.

[0015] In some embodiments, a second pulley is provided on the material box, and a rope is also provided on the material box.

[0016] In some embodiments, a plurality of pore pressure sensors and three-axis force sensors are evenly arranged in the branch groove; a plurality of pore pressure sensors and three-axis force sensors are also arranged at the intersection of the branch groove and the main groove; a seismic signal sensor is arranged on the outer side of the intersection of the main groove where the plurality of pore pressure sensors and three-axis force sensors are arranged; and the seismic signal sensor is also arranged in the branch groove.

[0017] In some embodiments, an ultrasonic ranging sensor is also disposed in the branch groove and / or the main groove.

[0018] In some embodiments, a camera is disposed on one side of the main slot and / or the branch slot.

[0019] In some embodiments, the side walls of the main groove and the branch groove are both made of tempered glass; the tempered glass is also provided at the intersection of the branch groove and the main groove.

[0020] In some embodiments, a water pump is disposed in the second water tank, and the water pump is connected to the first water tank via a water pipe.

[0021] The present application can simulate the whole process of "landslide debris flow or mud-rock flow blocking the river - forming a barrier dam - the water level of the barrier lake rises and overflows - erosion of the dam body causes the dam body to collapse - the flood collapse forms a mud-rock flow disaster". Specifically, the landslide material in the material box 1 slides into the branch slot 2 after the gate of the material box 1 is opened to simulate the landslide, and enters the main slot 3 after the branch slot 2 moves a certain distance, and blocks the main slot 3 to form a landslide dam, and then the water level of the main slot 3 continues to rise, overflowing the top of the landslide dam, so that the landslide dam overflows and collapses. The device of the present application can not only realize the whole process and life cycle simulation of landslide blocking the river and mud-rock flow blocking the river disaster, but also can study and observe the complete collapse process in the process of disaster preparation and disaster-causing, monitor the key dynamic parameters related to the whole process and the whole life cycle, and the environmental noise vibration signals in the formation and collapse of landslide debris flow or mud-rock flow barrier dam, so as to deepen the understanding and recognition of the disaster chain of landslide debris flow blocking the river and mud-rock flow blocking the river. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings of the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present application, but are not intended to limit the present application, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 A diagram of a device for simulating the entire process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking a river disaster provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 An angle module diagram with an angle of 60° provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 An angle module diagram with an angle of 90° provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 An angle module diagram with an angle of 120° provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 A structural diagram of a material box provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 A diagram of a sedimentation tank, a weir tank and a second water tank provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1- material box, 2- branch trough, 3- main trough, 4- first water tank, 5- sedimentation tank, 6- weir tank, 7- second water tank, 8- groove, 9- second wing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a unique orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0033] In the application, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, illustration, or description". Any embodiment described in the present application as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any technician in the field to implement and use the present application. In the following description, details are listed for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that a person of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the present application can be implemented without using these specific details. In other instances, known structures and processes are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the present application with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the widest scope consistent with the principles disclosed in the present application.

[0034] See also Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The embodiment of the present application provides a device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking river disasters, including:

[0035] The water tank assembly comprises a main tank 3 arranged horizontally, one side of the main tank 3 along the length direction of which is connected with a branch tank 2, and the branch tank 2 is arranged obliquely toward one side of the main tank 3;

[0036] A material box 1 is movably located upstream of the branch slot 2;

[0037] A first water tank 4, located upstream of the main tank 3;

[0038] a sedimentation tank 5, located at one end of the main tank 3 away from the first water tank 4;

[0039] a weir pool 6, located at a side of the sedimentation pool 5 away from the main tank 3;

[0040] The second water tank 7 is located at a side of the weir pool 6 away from the sedimentation pool 5 .

[0041] In the present invention, the whole process of "landslide debris flow or mud-rock flow blocking the river - forming a barrier dam - the water level of the barrier lake rises and overflows - erosion of the dam body causes the dam body to collapse - the flood collapse forms a mud-rock flow disaster" can be simulated. Specifically, the landslide material in the material box 1 slides into the branch slot 2 after the gate of the material box 1 is opened to simulate the landslide, and enters the main slot 3 after the branch slot 2 moves a certain distance, and blocks the main slot 3 to form a landslide dam, and then the water level of the main slot 3 continues to rise, overflowing the top of the landslide dam, so that the landslide dam overflows and collapses. The device of the present application can not only realize the simulation of the whole process and life cycle of landslide blocking the river and mud-rock flow blocking the river disaster, but also can study and observe the complete collapse process in the process of disaster preparation and disaster-causing, monitor the key parameters of dynamics related to the whole process and the whole life cycle, and the environmental noise vibration signals in the formation and collapse of landslide debris flow or mud-rock flow barrier dam, so as to deepen the understanding and recognition of the disaster chain of landslide debris flow blocking the river and mud-rock flow blocking the river.

[0042] It can be understood that the sedimentation tank 5 and the weir tank 6 and the second water tank 7 downstream, the sedimentation tank 5 can initially precipitate silt and purify water, and the weir tank 6 can measure the change of water flow in the river channel, thereby measuring the change of the flow of the entire river channel after the landslide blocks the river.

[0043] In some embodiments, a liftable bracket is provided at the bottom of the branch groove 2, and a first pulley is provided at the bottom of the bracket; an angle module is provided at the intersection of the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3, and the angle module includes a groove 8, and the groove 8 has a first end and a second end that are relatively arranged, and the first end and the second end are respectively connected to the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3, and the angle between the groove 8 and the main groove 3 along the center line perpendicular to the groove depth direction of the groove 8 is α.

[0044] Further, α is 60° to 120°, for example, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, etc. Within the angle range, the real situation of landslide blocking the river in nature can be more widely and better simulated.

[0045] It can be understood that, by providing a liftable bracket at the bottom of the support groove 2 and a first pulley at the bottom of the bracket, it is convenient to change the position and angle of the support groove 2.

[0046] See also Figures 2 to 4 In some embodiments, first wing pieces extending outward are provided on both sides of the first end, second wing pieces 9 extending outward are provided on both sides of the second end, third wing pieces corresponding to the first wing pieces are provided on both sides of one end of the branch slot 2 close to the angle module, the first wing piece is connected to the corresponding third wing piece by a first bolt, the main slot 3 is provided with an opening at a position corresponding to the angle module, and the second wing piece 9 is connected to the main slots 3 on both sides of the opening by a second bolt.

[0047] It can be understood that after the first bolt and the second bolt are connected, glass glue is applied for waterproofing.

[0048] It can be understood that the inclination angle and position of the branch groove 2 can be changed by setting the liftable bracket and the first pulley at the bottom of the branch groove 2.

[0049] Exemplarily, the length, width and height of the branch groove 2 are 5 m, 0.4 m and 0.4 m respectively.

[0050] As another example, the length, width and height of the main trench 3 are 10 m, 1 m and 0.5 m respectively.

[0051] In some embodiments, the inclination angle of the branch groove 2 is β.

[0052] Further, β is 30° to 40°, for example, 30°, 31°, 32°, 33°, 34°, 35°, 36°, 37°, 38°, 39°, 40°, etc. Within the tilt angle range, the real situation of landslide blocking the river in nature can be more widely and better simulated.

[0053] In some embodiments, a second pulley is provided on the material box 1 , and a rope is also provided on the material box 1 .

[0054] It can be understood that the second pulley can be located at the bottom of the material box 1, and the material box 1 can be moved up and down on the branch groove 2 through the second pulley. The position of the experimental material box 1 in the branch groove 2 can be changed at will through the second pulley and by stretching the rope. When the position of the material box 1 is determined, the rope can be fixed to the bracket to fix the material box 1. The material box 1 is used to store landslide and mud-rock flow materials.

[0055] In some embodiments, multiple pore pressure sensors and three-axis force sensors are evenly arranged in the branch groove 2; multiple pore pressure sensors and three-axis force sensors are also arranged at the intersection of the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3; a seismic signal sensor is arranged on the outer side of the intersection of the main groove 3 where the multiple pore pressure sensors and three-axis force sensors are arranged; the seismic signal sensor is also arranged in the branch groove 2.

[0056] It can be understood that the pore pressure sensor measures the fluid pore water pressure, and the triaxial force sensor measures the normal stress and shear stress. These parameters can reflect the state and properties of fluid movement and are relatively important parameters in debris flows and landslides.

[0057] It can be understood that the seismic signal sensor, also called the geoacoustic sensor, is DATA-CUBE3, which is specially used to measure the vibration signal generated by fluid movement and analyze the movement characteristics of the fluid through the signal, including flow velocity, acceleration, etc.

[0058] For example, the model of the pore pressure sensor is PX409-005G5V, and the model of the triaxial force sensor is LH-SZ-02-IP67-6m-F-20N.

[0059] Exemplarily, the pore pressure sensors and the triaxial force sensors are evenly distributed in the branch groove 2 at intervals of 1 m.

[0060] For example, pore pressure sensors and triaxial force sensors are evenly arranged 1.2 m above and below the intersection of the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3.

[0061] Exemplarily, a seismic signal sensor is provided 1.7 m above and below the intersection of the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3 .

[0062] Exemplarily, a seismic signal sensor is provided in the branch groove 2 at a distance of 1.5 m from the intersection of the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3 .

[0063] In some embodiments, an ultrasonic distance measuring sensor is also provided in the branch groove 2 .

[0064] In some embodiments, an ultrasonic ranging sensor is also provided in the main groove 3 .

[0065] In some embodiments, ultrasonic ranging sensors are also provided in the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3 .

[0066] It can be understood that the model of the ultrasonic distance sensor is T30UXUAQ8, which is used to measure the depth of the fluid. The quantity and position can be modified according to the specific experimental requirements.

[0067] In some embodiments, a camera is disposed on one side of the main slot 3 .

[0068] In some embodiments, a camera is disposed on one side of the branch slot 2 .

[0069] In some embodiments, cameras are disposed on one side of the main slot 3 and the branch slot 2 .

[0070] It can be understood that the shooting speed and shutter speed of the camera can be set, the lens of the camera can be adjusted to the best position and the aperture size can be adjusted to monitor the flow rate.

[0071] In some embodiments, the camera is disposed on one side of the weir pool 6 .

[0072] It can be understood that the camera on one side of the weir pool 6 is used to photograph the water level in the weir pool 6 , and the water level is used to calculate the real-time flow in the weir pool 6 .

[0073] It can also be understood that the high-definition time series images captured by high-speed cameras can effectively obtain image data of the formation process of the dam, so as to quantitatively study the river blocking and bursting mechanism of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow.

[0074] In some embodiments, the side walls of the main groove 3 and the branch groove 2 are both made of tempered glass; the tempered glass is also provided at the intersection of the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3 .

[0075] Exemplarily, the tempered glass is provided at the bottom 1.2 m above and below the intersection of the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3 .

[0076] It can be understood that a mounting hole is provided on the tempered glass at the bottom between 1.2 m above and below the intersection of the branch groove 2 and the main groove 3 for mounting corresponding pore pressure sensors and triaxial force sensors.

[0077] In some embodiments, a water pump is disposed in the second water tank 7 , and the water pump is connected to the first water tank 4 through a water pipe.

[0078] It can be understood that after the experiment starts, the water pump transports the water in the second water tank 7 to the first water tank 4, then circulates in the main tank 3, flows through the sedimentation tank 5 and the weir tank 6, and finally returns to the second water tank 7 to complete the cycle.

[0079] Exemplarily, the length, width and height of the weir pool 6 are 5.5m, 1m and 1.26m; the length, width and height of the sedimentation tank 5 are 2m, 1.5m and 1.26m, the length, width and height of the second water tank 7 are 3m, 3m and 1.26m, the length, width and height of the first water tank 4 are 1.5m, 1.5m and 3m, and the water flow is transported by two 200mm caliber submersible variable frequency water pumps.

[0080] It can be understood that the long-term stable flow of the river can be simulated, and the water volume in the main tank 3 can be changed at any time. The sedimentation tank 5 and the weir tank 6 are equipped with the functions of sedimentation, water purification, and monitoring the changes in water volume. It can also be understood that a leather hose is set on the side wall of the weir tank 6 to monitor the water level of the second water tank 7 and then convert the flow rate according to the water level.

[0081] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the above detailed disclosure is only for example and does not constitute a limitation of the present application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements and amendments to the present application. Such modifications, improvements and amendments are suggested in the present application, so such modifications, improvements and amendments still belong to the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0082] At the same time, the present application uses specific words to describe the embodiments of the present application. For example, "one embodiment", "an embodiment", and / or "some embodiments" refer to a certain feature, structure or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different positions in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, some features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the present application can be appropriately combined.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking the river disaster, characterized in that: include: The water tank assembly comprises a main tank arranged horizontally, a branch tank being connected to one side of the main tank along the length direction, and the branch tank being arranged obliquely toward one side of the main tank; a material box, movably located upstream of the branch trough; a first water tank, located upstream of the main tank; a sedimentation tank located at one end of the main tank away from the first water tank; a weir tank, located on a side of the sedimentation tank away from the main tank; The second water tank is located at a side of the weir pool away from the sedimentation pool.

2. The device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking river disaster according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A liftable bracket is provided at the bottom of the branch groove, and a first pulley is provided at the bottom of the bracket; an angle module is provided at the intersection of the branch groove and the main groove, and the angle module includes a groove, and the groove has a first end and a second end that are relatively arranged, and the first end and the second end are respectively connected to the branch groove and the main groove, and the angle between the center line of the groove along the groove depth direction perpendicular to the groove is α and the main groove, and α is 60° to 120°.

3. The device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking the river disaster according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A first wing extending outward is provided on both sides of the first end, a second wing extending outward is provided on both sides of the second end, a third wing corresponding to the first wing is provided on both sides of one end of the branch groove close to the angle module, the first wing is connected to the corresponding third wing by a first bolt, an opening is provided in the main groove corresponding to the position of the angle module, and the second wing is connected to the main grooves on both sides of the opening by a second bolt.

4. The device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking river disaster according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the branch groove is β, and β is 30° to 40°.

5. The device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking river disaster according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second pulley is arranged on the material box, and a rope is also arranged on the material box.

6. The device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking the river disaster according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of pore pressure sensors and three-axis force sensors are evenly arranged in the branch groove; a plurality of pore pressure sensors and three-axis force sensors are also arranged at the intersection of the branch groove and the main groove; a seismic signal sensor is arranged on the outer side of the intersection of the main groove where the plurality of pore pressure sensors and three-axis force sensors are arranged; the seismic signal sensor is also arranged in the branch groove.

7. The device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking the river disaster according to claim 6, characterized in that: An ultrasonic distance measuring sensor is also arranged in the branch groove and / or the main groove.

8. The device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking river disaster according to claim 1, characterized in that: A camera is arranged on one side of the main slot and / or the branch slot.

9. The device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking the river disaster according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side walls of the main groove and the branch groove are both made of tempered glass; the tempered glass is also arranged at the intersection of the branch groove and the main groove.

10. The device for simulating the whole process of landslide debris flow and mud-rock flow blocking the river disaster according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump is arranged in the second water tank, and the water pump is connected to the first water tank through a water pipe.

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