A thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure and a method of using the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal insulation and sound insulation composite materials, specifically a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure and a method for using the same, wherein the material comprises a first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, a second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, and a third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer; the method comprises combining the material with a cast-in-place concrete surface layer for direct laying, and the material and the precast concrete surface layer, the steel structure surface layer, and the wooden structure surface layer can be connected by any one of bonding, bolting, riveting, and snapping. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure of the present application can be directly laid on the surface or belly of a concrete structure, bearing the load together with the structural body, and also playing an excellent role in thermal insulation and sound insulation; by prefabricating thermal insulation and sound insulation layer materials with different pore-forming processes in layers, and then selecting materials of different thicknesses, different pore sizes, and different densities for each layer according to actual project needs, the product effect is improved and paving and cutting operations can be performed conveniently as needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of heat-insulating and sound-insulating composite materials, and in particular to a heat-insulating and sound-insulating composite material with a gradient structure and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Green building materials, green buildings, green manufacturing, and green construction have become the main themes of development in the architectural field today. Good thermal insulation and sound insulation are two important indicators for evaluating green building materials and green buildings. The mandatory national promotion and application of prefabricated components and prefabricated buildings has led architectural engineers to conduct various experiments and research, such as the invention of double-skin sandwich walls and sandwich floors—combined walls or floors composed of two layers of precast reinforced concrete slabs, with an inner layer filled with organic materials such as polystyrene foam or glass microspheres and insulation materials. These filling materials generally have high thermal conductivity and unstable performance indicators. They are applied in thick layers, have weak adhesion, and are prone to hollowing, posing a significant safety hazard and poor thermal and sound insulation. Furthermore, minimizing the structural connection between the inner and outer layers, or between the upper and lower layers of precast concrete slabs, weakens the connection stiffness and increases the area of ​​cold bridges.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent application number 202010401521.3 discloses a prestressed concrete hollow slab and its construction method. While this approach addresses the sound and heat insulation issues of the slab over a large area, it fails to adequately address the cold bridge insulation and sound insulation issues at the joints of the multi-ribbed beams. The key issue is that adding existing thermal insulation and sound insulation materials to concrete structures reduces the safety and service life of the structure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a material that can both insulate and soundproof concrete structures and work in synergy with the concrete structure, with a comparable service life.

[0004] Chinese patent application number 202310847080.3 discloses a multifunctional waterproof and thermal insulation material, a production method, and a construction method. The invention uses a mixture of emulsion, aerogel powder, and glass microbeads; a variety of additives are added to enhance the performance of the waterproof and thermal insulation material. However, the construction time is long, the steps are complicated, and the application field is limited.

[0005] Chinese patent application number 202210733423.9 discloses a gradient composite material with a base mortise and tenon structure and its preparation method. The surface of the base layer is etched to form raised or recessed mortise and tenon structures. The functional coating not only forms adhesion between the adhesive layer and the base layer, but also embraces the raised mortise and tenon structures of the base layer or inserts into the recessed mortise and tenon structures, providing a tighter bond in addition to the adhesive force. This invention improves the bonding strength between the functional layer and the base layer, but the mortise and tenon structure is complex and requires high precision, making it impossible to mass-produce in a short period of time.

[0006] Chinese patent application number 202311612846.6 discloses a sound insulation and heat insulation composite material with a gradient structure and its construction method. The sound insulation and heat insulation composite material has a gradient structure consisting of a first insulation layer, a second insulation layer, a third insulation layer, and a fourth insulation layer. The first insulation layer is alumina fiber felt or aluminum silicate fiber felt, the second insulation layer is a nanofiber felt, the nanofiber is silica nanofiber, alumina nanofiber, mullite nanofiber, or alumina-mullite nanofiber, the third insulation layer is glass fiber felt, ceramic fiber felt, or aerogel felt, and the fourth insulation layer is melamine foam. The sound insulation and heat insulation composite material prepared by this invention has multiple insulation layers, which further ensures that the insulation material has better thermal insulation and sound insulation properties. The insulation layers used are all fiber felt or foam board, which ensures the flexibility of the insulation material. However, this type of material is not suitable for long-term existence in cement-based alkaline environments, and cannot bear loads together with reinforced concrete structures, steel structures, or wooden structures.

[0007] The internal structural features of foamed metal products, such as low density, high porosity, large pore specific surface area, low thermal conductivity, strong weather resistance and corrosion resistance, give them good sound insulation, heat insulation and vibration reduction performance, but their manufacturing process is complex, the production conditions are harsh, and the cost is expensive. At present, most of them are only used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, biomedicine and a small number of luxury home decoration and renovation projects. Therefore, when choosing which metal or alloy to foam, how to design and select the gap size, closed gap and connected gap configuration, it is necessary to comprehensively consider multiple factors such as porosity, connectivity of pore structure, pore specific surface area, porous structure, open area ratio, pore size, density, thickness, damping characteristics and physical properties of the material, in order to achieve a composite material with simple structure, simplified production process, moderate cost and optimal sound insulation and heat insulation performance. The present application proposes a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure and a method for using the same. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure and a method of using the same.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, comprising a first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, a second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, and a third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer; the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer are in a gradient structure, and the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer are arranged in sequence from bottom to top;

[0011] The overall density of the first thermal insulation layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the third thermal insulation layer is 80-400 kg / m 3, porosity ≥ 95%, the overall thickness of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer is 12-150 mm.

[0012] Compared with the existing technology, the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure in the present application can be directly applied to the surface or belly of the concrete structure, bearing the load together with the structure body, and also playing an excellent role in thermal insulation and sound insulation; by prefabricating the thermal insulation and sound insulation layer materials with different pore-forming processes in layers, and then selecting materials of different thicknesses, different pore sizes, and different densities for each layer according to the actual needs of the project, the product effect is improved and it is convenient to carry out paving and cutting operations as needed.

[0013] Preferably, the first thermal and sound insulation layer is a foamed metal product, and includes, from bottom to top, a first surface bonding layer and a first functional layer, the first surface bonding layer being a hemispherical concave hole with an opening, and the first functional layer being provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes, the first surface bonding layer and the first functional layer being an integrally formed structure, the thickness of the first surface bonding layer not exceeding 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the first thermal and sound insulation layer, and the thickness of the first functional layer not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the first thermal and sound insulation layer;

[0014] The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and overall thickness is 3-30mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the structure of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer is described in detail so that those skilled in the art can understand how the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer can perform sound insulation and heat insulation operations, and at the same time facilitate connection with the corresponding main body through the bonding layer, and achieve sound insulation and heat insulation through the action of the functional layer.

[0016] Preferably, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer is made of a foamed metal product, and is provided with a plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes. The plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes are arranged into an array of at least one layer, wherein the plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes are connected and connected in a linear direction in the same horizontal plane, and a foamed metal entity is provided between two adjacent first transverse cylindrical holes.

[0017] The overall density of the second thermal and sound insulation layer is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness is 6-90mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the structure of the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer is described in detail so that those skilled in the art can understand how the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer can perform sound insulation and heat insulation operations, and at the same time facilitate connection with the corresponding main body through the bonding layer, and achieve sound insulation and heat insulation through the action of the functional layer. At the same time, the existing multiple first transverse cylindrical holes realize point formation into lines in a single direction, and after arrangement between the lines, multiple first transverse cylindrical holes are formed on one side, and finally a block structure is formed by overlapping multiple sides.

[0019] Preferably, a plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes are provided inside the second heat and sound insulation layer, and the plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes form a vertical array with at least two second transverse cylindrical holes in two orthogonal linear directions in the same horizontal plane, which are connected to form a series of basic units;

[0020] A plurality of basic units are arranged in an overlapping manner, and a foamed metal entity is filled between two adjacent second transverse cylinder holes and between two adjacent basic units;

[0021] The overall density of the second thermal and sound insulation layer is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness is 6-90mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the arrangement is layered, and multiple second transverse cylinder holes are arranged in two staggered linear arrangements within a single plane, forming lines from points and surfaces from lines, and overlapping arrangements of multiple planes can be achieved, forming blocks from surfaces.

[0023] Preferably, the third thermal and sound insulation layer is a foamed metal product, and includes, from bottom to top, a third functional layer and a third surface bonding layer, the third functional layer is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes, the third surface bonding layer is provided with open hemispherical concave holes, the third functional layer and the third surface bonding layer are integrally formed, the thickness of the third surface bonding layer does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the third thermal and sound insulation layer, and the thickness of the third functional layer is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the third thermal and sound insulation layer;

[0024] The overall density of the third heat and sound insulation layer is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and overall thickness is 3-30mm.

[0025] Furthermore, the firmness of the connection is ensured, and sound insulation and heat insulation are performed through the functional layer, and the connection with the main body can be facilitated through the surface bonding layer.

[0026] Preferably, the foamed metal products used in the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer are any one and / or several of aluminum, iron, nickel and chromium.

[0027] Furthermore, as a new type of metal material, foamed aluminum uses aluminum as the base material and is made through a special process. It has excellent sound absorption and heat insulation properties, and is lightweight and strong. The porous structure of foamed iron is conducive to reducing the braking noise of semi-metallic friction material products during use, so as to effectively achieve sound insulation. Foamed nickel uses nickel as the main component and exhibits good ductility and corrosion resistance. The addition of chromium can improve the surface gloss of the product and enhance its corrosion resistance.

[0028] Preferably, a damping layer is provided between the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and / or between the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer; the damping layer is made of any one of a high-damping alloy, a rubber and plastic damping plate, a sound insulation and shock-absorbing pad, a sound insulation coating, and a polymer sound insulation felt; and the overall thickness of the damping layer is 0.5-10 mm.

[0029] Furthermore, damping layers made of different materials have different damping coefficients, applicable scopes, and cost prices; the effects obtained are also different, and they should be selected according to local conditions; setting up a damping layer can improve the sound insulation and heat insulation performance as well as the buffering and shock absorption effects, and can also avoid direct compression between the layers.

[0030] Preferably, a damping layer is applied on the lower surface of the first thermal and sound insulation layer and / or the upper surface of the third thermal and sound insulation layer.

[0031] Furthermore, in order to ensure the buffering effect, during actual preparation, the damping layer can be installed according to the location of the vibration source, so that the damping layer and the vibration source are close. At the same time, when vibration occurs, the damping layer not only has the effect of buffering, but also has the effects of sound insulation and heat insulation.

[0032] Preferably, the second heat and sound insulation layer is formed by a damping layer.

[0033] Furthermore, it can fully realize the blocking and buffering operation, and in actual use, the damping layer also has the function of sound insulation and heat insulation.

[0034] The present invention also proposes a method for using a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, which is applicable to the above-mentioned thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure. The method is characterized in that the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be directly laid in combination with a cast-in-place concrete surface layer, and the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be connected to a precast concrete surface layer, a steel structure surface layer, and a wooden structure surface layer by any one of bonding, bolting, riveting, and snap-fitting.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. This application effectively solves the problem of cold bridges at solid joints of hollow walls (also known as double-skin walls, sandwich walls, etc.) or hollow slabs (also known as sandwich slabs, hollow-web slabs, etc.), which are common in current building structural engineering. In traditional hollow structures, the hollow portions are filled with some organic or inorganic lightweight insulation materials to provide a certain degree of insulation and sound insulation. However, there are no feasible technical solutions or available materials to solve the cold bridge problem. The thermal and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure of this application can be directly applied to the surface or core of a concrete structure, sharing the load with the structure itself and providing excellent thermal and sound insulation.

[0037] 2. This application leverages the superior independent, open, closed, and connected pore-forming processes of foamed metal to prefabricate thermal and acoustic insulation materials using different pore-forming processes in layers. Each layer is then assembled and molded using materials of varying thickness, pore size, and density, depending on the project's needs. This results in a thin overall thickness, ease of cutting and shaping, a small footprint, and a low overall price.

[0038] 3. The application materials are widely applicable, easy to use, and have rich extension functions. For example, the addition of a damping layer can be applied not only to the main structures and components of wooden structures, steel structures, concrete structures, and their combined structures, but also to building foundation engineering, equipment foundations, aerospace, automotive engineering, and biomedical engineering.

[0039] 4. Excellent thermal and sound insulation effects: Through the combination of gradient structure design and different pore-forming processes, the material can significantly improve thermal and sound insulation performance;

[0040] Structural load-bearing: The material can be directly applied to the surface or belly of the concrete structure, bearing the load together with the structure itself, thus enhancing the overall stability and durability of the structure;

[0041] Flexibility and customizability: The layered prefabrication and multiple connection methods of the material enable it to be customized and optimized according to the needs of different application scenarios;

[0042] Convenient construction: Convenient paving and cutting operations improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a thermal and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first sound and heat insulation layer in a heat and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3This is a linear arrangement structure diagram of the first transverse cylindrical holes in the second sound and heat insulation layer of a heat and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of two orthogonal linear arrangements of the first transverse cylindrical holes in the second sound and heat insulation layer of a heat and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third sound and heat insulation layer in a heat and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0048] In the figure: 1 first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, 11 first surface bonding layer, 111 open hemispherical concave hole, 12 first functional layer, 121 closed vacuum spherical hole, 2 second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, 21 first transverse cylindrical hole, 22 second transverse cylindrical hole, 3 third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, 31 third surface bonding layer, 32 third functional layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0050] Reference Figure 1-5 A thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure includes a first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, a second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2, and a third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3; the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2, and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 are in a gradient structure, and the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2, and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, which is convenient for laying and setting;

[0051] The overall density of the first thermal insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation layer 2 and the third thermal insulation layer 3 is 80-400 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 95%, the overall thickness of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2 and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 is 12-150mm, which is convenient for paving.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 、 2The first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1 is a foamed metal product. The first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1 includes a first surface bonding layer 11 and a first functional layer 12 from bottom to top. The first surface bonding layer 11 is a hemispherical concave hole 111 with an opening. The first functional layer 12 is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes 121. The vacuum setting can improve the sound insulation effect. The first surface bonding layer 11 and the first functional layer 12 adopt an integrally formed structure. The thickness of the first surface bonding layer 11 does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, and the thickness of the first functional layer 12 is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1.

[0053] The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer 1 is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and an overall thickness of 3-30 mm; as the outermost layer or contact layer, it may have specific wear resistance, weather resistance or fire resistance properties.

[0054] Reference Figure 1 、 3 4. The second thermal and sound insulation layer 2 is made of foamed metal. The second thermal and sound insulation layer 2 is provided with a plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes 21. The plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes 21 are arranged into an array of at least one layer of first transverse cylindrical holes 21 intersecting and connecting in a linear direction within the same horizontal plane. A foamed metal entity is provided between two adjacent first transverse cylindrical holes 21.

[0055] The overall density of the second thermal and sound insulation layer 2 is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and the overall thickness is 6-90mm; it is located in the middle, mainly undertakes the main functions of heat insulation and sound insulation, and may have optimized pore structure and density distribution.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 、 3 4. A plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes 22 are provided inside the second heat and sound insulation layer 2. The plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes 22 are arranged in two orthogonal linear directions formed in the same horizontal plane, and are connected to form a vertical array in series to form a basic unit;

[0057] A plurality of basic units are arranged in an overlapping manner, and a foamed metal entity is filled between two adjacent second transverse cylindrical holes 22 and between two adjacent basic units;

[0058] The overall density of the second thermal and sound insulation layer 2 is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness is 6-90mm.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 、 5The third thermal and sound insulation layer 3 is a foamed metal product. The third thermal and sound insulation layer 3 includes, from bottom to top, a third functional layer 32 and a third surface bonding layer 31. The third functional layer 32 is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes. The third surface bonding layer 31 is provided with open hemispherical concave holes. The third functional layer 32 and the third surface bonding layer 31 are integrally formed. The thickness of the third surface bonding layer 31 does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the third thermal and sound insulation layer 3. The thickness of the third functional layer 32 is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the third thermal and sound insulation layer 3.

[0060] The overall density of the third thermal and sound insulation layer 3 is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and an overall thickness of 3-30 mm; as an inner layer or contact structure layer, it may have enhanced adhesion or structural support performance; and the first thermal insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation layer 2, and the third thermal insulation layer 3 adopt a gradient design, which not only optimizes the overall performance of the material, but also enables the material to be customized according to the needs of different application scenarios.

[0061] The first thermal insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation layer 2 and the third thermal insulation layer 3 can be prepared into thermal insulation layers with different thicknesses, pore sizes and densities by using different pore-forming processes (such as foaming, punching, etc.) and selecting different raw materials (such as polymers, inorganic fibers, etc.). This layered prefabrication method allows the material to maintain overall performance while flexibly adjusting the characteristics of each layer to meet specific thermal insulation and sound insulation requirements.

[0062] Reference Figure 1 The foamed metal products used in the first thermal and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal and sound insulation layer 2, and the third thermal and sound insulation layer 3 are any one and / or several of aluminum, iron, nickel, and chromium. As a new type of metal material, foamed aluminum uses aluminum as a base material and is made through a special process. It has excellent sound absorption and thermal insulation properties, and is lightweight and high in strength. The porous structure of foamed iron helps reduce the braking noise of semi-metallic friction material products during use, thereby effectively achieving sound insulation and improving the thermal and sound insulation effects of the product. Foamed nickel uses nickel as its main component and exhibits good ductility and corrosion resistance. By adding metallic chromium, the glossiness of the final foamed metal surface can be improved, as well as the corrosion resistance of the product.

[0063] Reference Figure 1 A damping layer 4 is provided between the first thermal and sound insulation layer 1 and the second thermal and sound insulation layer 2 and / or between the second thermal and sound insulation layer 2 and the third thermal and sound insulation layer 3; the damping layer 4 is made of any one of a high-damping alloy, a rubber and plastic damping plate, a sound insulation and shock-absorbing pad, a sound insulation coating and a polymer sound insulation felt; the overall thickness of the damping layer 4 is 0.5-10 mm, which can effectively perform sound insulation and heat insulation operations.

[0064] Reference Figure 1 A damping layer 4 is applied on the lower surface of the first thermal and sound insulation layer 1 and / or the upper surface of the third thermal and sound insulation layer 3 .

[0065] Reference Figure 1 The second heat and sound insulation layer 2 is composed of a damping layer 4.

[0066] The present invention also provides a method for using a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, which is applicable to the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure described above. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be directly laid when combined with a cast-in-place concrete surface layer. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be connected to a precast concrete surface layer, a steel structure surface layer, or a wood structure surface layer using any of the following methods: bonding, bolting, riveting, or snap-fit ​​connections. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be directly laid on the surface or underside of the product, sharing loads with the structure, and also providing excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation. When used, the material can be directly laid on the surface of the cast-in-place concrete layer and fixed using the material's adhesive properties or an additional adhesive. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material can be combined with a precast concrete surface layer, a steel structure surface layer, or a wood structure surface layer using a variety of connection methods, including bonding, bolting, riveting, and snap-fit ​​connections, to accommodate the characteristics and construction requirements of different structures. Laying and cutting: Because the material is prefabricated in layers, it can be conveniently laid and cut according to project needs, improving construction efficiency and flexibility.

[0067] In the present invention, the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2, and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 are connected to form a complete thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure. When in use, they can be laid on the corresponding materials as needed to ensure the installation effect of the materials. At the same time, the damping layer 4 can enhance the thermal insulation and shock absorption effects, thereby improving the comfort of use.

[0068] And by filling the gaps with foamed metal entities, the thermal insulation and sound insulation effects can be improved.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, comprising a first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (1), a second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (2) and a third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (3); characterized in that: The first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1), the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2), and the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) are in a gradient structure, and the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1), the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2), and the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) are arranged in sequence from bottom to top; The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer (1), the second heat and sound insulation layer (2) and the third heat and sound insulation layer (3) is 80-400 kg / m 3 , the porosity is ≥95%, and the overall thickness of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (1), the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (2) and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (3) is 12-150 mm; The first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1) is a foamed metal product. The first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1) comprises, from bottom to top, a first surface bonding layer (11) and a first functional layer (12). The first surface bonding layer (11) is a hemispherical concave hole (111) with an opening. The first functional layer (12) is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes (121). The first surface bonding layer (11) and the first functional layer (12) are formed into an integrally formed structure. The thickness of the first surface bonding layer (11) does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1). The thickness of the first functional layer (12) is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1). The second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2) is a foamed metal product. The second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2) is provided with a plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes (21). The plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes (21) are arranged into an array of at least one layer of first transverse cylindrical holes (21) interconnected and connected in a certain linear direction within the same horizontal plane. A foamed metal entity is provided between two adjacent first transverse cylindrical holes (21). A plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes (22) are provided inside the second heat and sound insulation layer (2), and the plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes (22) form a vertical array of no less than two second transverse cylindrical holes (22) in two orthogonal linear directions in the same horizontal plane, which are connected to form a series of basic units; the plurality of basic units are arranged in an overlapping manner, and foamed metal entities are filled between adjacent two second transverse cylindrical holes (22) and between adjacent two basic units; The third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) is a foamed metal product. The third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) comprises, from bottom to top, a third functional layer (32) and a third surface bonding layer (31). The third functional layer (32) is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes. The third surface bonding layer (31) is provided with open hemispherical concave holes. The third functional layer (32) and the third surface bonding layer (31) are integrally formed. The thickness of the third surface bonding layer (31) does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3). The thickness of the third functional layer (32) is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3).

2. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer (1) is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and overall thickness is 3-30mm.

3. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall density of the second heat and sound insulation layer (2) is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness is 6-90mm.

4. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall density of the third heat and sound insulation layer (3) is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and overall thickness is 3-30mm.

5. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foamed metal products used in the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1), the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2) and the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) are any one and / or several of aluminum, iron, nickel and chromium.

6. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A damping layer (4) is provided between the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (1) and the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (2) and / or between the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (2) and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (3); the damping layer (4) is made of any one of a high-damping alloy, a rubber and plastic damping plate, a sound insulation and damping pad, a sound insulation coating, or a polymer sound insulation felt; and the overall thickness of the damping layer (4) is 0.5-10 mm.

7. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A damping layer (4) is provided on the lower surface of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1) and / or the upper surface of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3).

8. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second heat and sound insulation layer (2) is formed by a damping layer (4).

9. A method for using a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, applicable to the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure is directly laid in combination with the cast-in-place concrete surface layer, and the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure is connected to the precast concrete surface layer, the steel structure surface layer and the wooden structure surface layer by any one of bonding, bolt connection, rivet connection and snap connection.

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