A back-up clamp mechanism for a drilling top drive system and a top drive system thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, and in particular to a back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system of a drilling well and a top drive system thereof, comprising a back-up clamp beam and a back-up clamp body. The back-up clamp body comprises two back-up clamp bodies arranged opposite to each other, and the back-up clamp beam is detachably connected to one of the back-up clamp bodies, and one end of the two back-up clamp bodies can rotate relative to each other to enclose a center hole. A rolling structure is arranged on the top of at least one back-up clamp body, and the rolling structure is close to the axial direction of the center hole, and the axis of the rolling structure is parallel to the axial direction of the center hole. When the top drive system is converted from a low gear to a high gear, the top drive main shaft will drive the protection joint to vibrate, and at this time, the protection joint can contact with the rolling structure to make the rolling structure roll. By arranging the rolling structure on the back-up clamp body, the sliding friction between the protection joint and the back-up clamp body can be converted into rolling friction, thereby reducing the wear degree of the back-up clamp body and thus reducing the replacement frequency and the maintenance cost of the back-up clamp.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of drilling devices, and in particular to a back-up clamp mechanism for a drilling top drive system and a top drive system thereof. Background Art

[0002] The top drive system directly drives the drill string at the top of the drill string to perform rotary drilling, and can also realize the circulation of mud in the hole and the lifting and lowering of the drill string. The top drive system includes a top drive gearbox, a top drive rotating head and a back-up clamp mechanism, wherein the top drive rotating head includes a fixed shaft and a rotating shell, the fixed shaft of the top drive rotating head is installed at the bottom end of the housing of the top drive gearbox, the rotating shell is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft, the fixed shaft and the gearbox are connected by a key in the radial direction, the main shaft is pressed on the gearbox, the top of the fixed shaft and the housing of the gearbox transmit axial force through a thread, the main shaft in the top drive gearbox extends out of the top drive rotating head for connection with the drill pipe clamped in the back-up clamp mechanism, and the back-up clamp mechanism is fixedly connected to the rotating shell in the top drive rotating head. A through hole is provided inside the main shaft, and mud is passed into the through hole. In the drilling top drive system, the top drive gearbox is responsible for the output of the top drive speed and torque and the connection of the mud circulation channel.

[0003] Top drive systems are used in the drilling process of the oil and gas industry and the geological industry. Specifically, they are widely used in oil drilling projects. The power torque required for large-diameter drilling is large enough, but the rotation speed is not required to be low (≤200r / min). Top drive systems are also being popularized in deep mineral resource exploration and scientific drilling. High-speed diamond coring technology is used, which requires high speed (≤600r / min). There is also a demand for segmented coring drilling in geothermal exploration and production wells. In other words, in order to adapt to different working conditions, the shift assembly and the top drive spindle are used to convert high and low speeds to adapt to the different requirements for the top drive spindle speed, thereby expanding the scope of application of the top drive.

[0004] When changing from high speed to low speed and from low speed to high speed, gear shifting is required. Especially when changing from low speed gear to high speed gear, the top drive main shaft will be driven to produce excessive vibration. Due to the vibration of the top drive main shaft, the blowout preventer and the protection joint connected to the bottom of the top drive main shaft will vibrate. The protection joint extends downward through the back-up clamp mechanism and is connected to the drill pipe in the back-up clamp. Moreover, the gravity of the top drive system is generally located at the rear. Once the top drive main shaft vibrates, the vibration of the protection joint will be aggravated, and the top drive main shaft will cause damage to the top opening of the back-up clamp mechanism, thereby affecting the service life of the back-up clamp mechanism and correspondingly increasing the cost of the back-up clamp mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system for drilling and a top drive system thereof, which solves the technical problem that once the top drive main shaft vibrates, the vibration of the protection joint will be aggravated, and then the top drive main shaft will cause damage to the top opening of the back-up clamp mechanism, thereby affecting the service life of the back-up clamp mechanism and correspondingly increasing the cost of the back-up clamp mechanism.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0007] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system of a drilling well, comprising a back-up clamp beam connected to a top drive rotating head of the top drive system, and a back-up clamp body located at the bottom of the back-up clamp beam;

[0008] The back-up clamp body comprises two back-up clamp bodies arranged opposite to each other, and the back-up clamp beam is detachably connected to one of the back-up clamp bodies, and one end of the two back-up clamp bodies is hinged to enclose a central hole for a protection joint connected below the top drive main shaft to pass through;

[0009] A rolling structure is disposed on the top of at least one of the back-up caliper bodies, the rolling structure is close to the axis direction of the center hole, and the axis of the rolling structure is parallel to the axis direction of the center hole;

[0010] When the top drive system is shifting gears, the protection joint can be in contact with the rolling structure to make the rolling structure roll.

[0011] Optionally, there are two rolling structural members, and the two rolling structural members are symmetrically arranged relative to a plane that passes through the axis of the central hole and is perpendicular to the back-clamp beam, and there is a gap between the two rolling structural members.

[0012] Optionally, the rolling structure comprises a guide shaft fixedly mounted on a pad on the top of the back caliper body, a bearing sleeved on the guide shaft, and a guide shaft cover buckled on the top of the guide shaft;

[0013] The guide shaft forms a stepped shaft in the axial direction, and the guide shaft cover abuts the bearing against the shoulder position of the stepped shaft.

[0014] Optionally, an annular felt is provided between the guide shaft cover and the bearing.

[0015] Optionally, a semicircular nylon sleeve is provided on the back clamp body where the back clamp beam is located.

[0016] On the other hand, a top drive system includes a top drive main shaft, a top drive gearbox, a top drive rotary head, a blowout preventer, a blowout prevention joint and the backup clamp mechanism;

[0017] The bottom end of the top drive main shaft passes through the top drive gearbox and the top drive rotating head in sequence and is connected to the top end of the blowout preventer. The bottom end of the blowout preventer is connected to the top end of the blowout preventer joint. The bottom end of the blowout preventer joint can be connected to a drill pipe.

[0018] A shift mechanism is provided in the top drive gearbox, and the shift mechanism includes an input shaft connected to an external shift power source, a portion of the top drive main shaft as an output shaft, and a shift body provided between the input shaft and the output shaft;

[0019] The shift body can select a high-speed / low-speed gear ratio so that the output shaft drives the top drive main shaft to output a low-speed gear position / high-speed gear position.

[0020] Optionally, the shift body includes a moving assembly matched with the input shaft, a shift fork plate driving the moving assembly to move, and a transmission assembly arranged between the input shaft and the output shaft;

[0021] The output shaft is provided with an output gear meshing with the transmission assembly;

[0022] The fork plate is connected to the hydraulic drive member to drive the moving assembly to move along the axial direction of the input shaft, so that the moving assembly can be selectively connected to the transmission assembly;

[0023] The transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft installed in the top drive gearbox through a mounting bearing, a low-speed gear transmission gear sleeved on the rotating shaft in sequence from top to bottom, a meshing gear meshed with the output gear, and a high-speed gear transmission gear, and the moving assembly can selectively mesh with the low-speed gear transmission gear or the high-speed gear transmission gear to select the gear position;

[0024] The meshing gear has a smaller diameter than the low-speed transmission gear and the high-speed transmission gear.

[0025] Optionally, the moving assembly includes a low-speed shift gear and a high-speed shift gear that cooperate with the input shaft;

[0026] The low-speed shift gear is fixedly connected to the high-speed shift gear, and the shift fork plate is connected to the low-speed shift gear or the high-speed shift gear, and the inner walls of the low-speed shift gear and the high-speed shift gear are both provided with grooves matching the protrusions on the outer wall of the output shaft, so that the shift fork plate can drive the low-speed shift gear and the high-speed shift gear to slide along the axial direction of the input shaft until the low-speed shift gear is meshed with the low-speed transmission gear or the high-speed shift gear is meshed with the high-speed transmission gear.

[0027] Optionally, the low-speed shift gear, the high-speed shift gear, the low-speed transmission gear and the high-speed transmission gear are each provided with a plurality of transmission teeth spaced apart in the circumferential direction of each gear, and the top end of the transmission teeth of the low-speed shift gear is a first inclined surface inclined downward or a first arc surface formed outward and downward, and the bottom end of the transmission teeth of the high-speed shift gear is a second inclined surface inclined upward or a second arc surface formed outward and upward;

[0028] The bottom end of the transmission tooth of the low-speed transmission gear is a third inclined surface inclined upward or a third arc surface formed outward and upward, and the top end of the transmission tooth of the high-speed transmission gear is a fourth inclined surface inclined downward or a fourth arc surface formed outward and downward.

[0029] Optionally, the shift mechanism further includes a monitoring module for monitoring whether the low-speed shift gear or the high-speed shift gear is in place and a controller disposed outside the top drive gearbox;

[0030] During gear shifting, the monitoring module can monitor the low-speed shifting gear or the high-speed shifting gear and send information to the controller, and the controller can control the shifting power source of the input shaft to rotate a certain angle according to the received information.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system of a drilling well can convert the sliding friction between the protection joint and the back-up clamp body into rolling friction by arranging a rolling structural member on the back-up clamp body, thereby reducing the wear of the back-up clamp body and thus reducing the replacement frequency and maintenance cost of the back-up clamp.

[0032] A top drive system is provided with a back-up clamp mechanism with a rolling structure and a shift mechanism is provided in a top drive gear box. The shift body can enable the top drive system to have different high and low speed gears to adapt to different working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the top drive system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure

[0035] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the back-up clamp mechanism for the top drive system of a well drilling according to the present invention (the main shaft and the protection joint part are not shown);

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The front view (section view of the front side back clamp body);

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified detail of the circled “A”;

[0038] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a top drive gearbox;

[0039] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle shift mechanism;

[0040] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Another partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the top drive gearbox;

[0041] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 An enlarged schematic diagram of an embodiment detail at the circled “B”;

[0042] Fig.10 for Figure 8 FIG. 1 is an enlarged schematic diagram of another embodiment detail at the circled “B”.

[0043] Description of Reference Numerals

[0044] 1: back clamp beam; 2: back clamp body; 21: back clamp body; 22: center hole; 23: pad; 3: rolling structure; 31: guide shaft; 32: bearing; 33: guide shaft cover; 34: felt;

[0045] 4: Nylon sleeve;

[0046] 100: top drive spindle;

[0047] 200: Top drive gearbox;

[0048] 300: Top drive rotating head;

[0049] 400: BOP;

[0050] 500: protective connector;

[0051] 600: back clamp mechanism;

[0052] 700: shift mechanism; 701: input shaft; 7011: protrusion; 702: output shaft; 7021: output gear; 703: shift body; 7031: shift fork plate; 7032: rotating shaft; 7033: low-speed transmission gear; 7034: meshing gear; 7035: high-speed transmission gear; 7036: low-speed shift gear; 7037: high-speed shift gear; 704: first inclined surface; 704′: first arc surface; 705: second inclined surface; 705′: second arc surface; 706′: third arc surface; 707: fourth inclined surface; 707′: fourth arc surface; 708: hydraulic drive member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings through specific implementation methods. Figure 1 The position of the middle top drive gearbox 200 relative to the back-up clamp mechanism 600 is defined as "up". Figure 2 The position of the middle nylon sleeve 4 relative to the rolling mechanism component 3 is defined as "rear".

[0054] See also Figure 1 and 5- Fig.10 As shown, a top drive system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it includes a top drive main shaft 100, a top drive gearbox 200, a top drive rotating head 300, a blowout preventer 400, a protection joint 500 and a back-up clamp mechanism 600. The bottom end of the top drive main shaft 100 passes through the top drive gearbox 200 and the top drive rotating head 300 in sequence and is connected to the top of the blowout preventer 400, the bottom end of the blowout preventer 400 is connected to the top of the protection joint 500, and the bottom end of the protection joint 500 can be connected to the drill pipe. The back-up clamp mechanism 600 is located at the periphery of the protection joint 500. A shift mechanism 700 is arranged in the top drive gearbox 200, and the shift mechanism 700 includes an input shaft 701 connected to an external shift power source, a part of the top drive main shaft 100 as an output shaft 702, and a shift body 703 arranged between the input shaft 701 and the output shaft 702. The gear shift body 703 can select a high-speed / low-speed gear ratio so that the output shaft 702 drives the top drive main shaft 100 to output a low-speed gear position / high-speed gear position.

[0055] In this embodiment, a top drive system is provided with a back-up clamp mechanism 600 with a rolling structure 3 and a shift mechanism is also provided in the top drive gearbox, and the shift body 703 can enable the top drive system to have different high and low speed gears to adapt to different working conditions.

[0056] Further, the shift body 703 includes a moving assembly matched with the input shaft 701, a shift fork plate 7031 driving the moving assembly to move, and a transmission assembly arranged between the input shaft 701 and the output shaft 702. The output shaft 702 is sleeved with an output gear 7021 meshed with the transmission assembly. The shift fork plate 7031 is connected to the hydraulic drive member 708 to drive the moving assembly to move along the axial direction of the input shaft 701, so that the moving assembly can be selectively connected with the transmission assembly. The transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft 7032 installed in the top drive gear box 200 through a mounting bearing, a low-speed gear transmission gear 7033 sleeved on the rotating shaft 7032 in sequence from top to bottom, a meshing gear 7034 meshed with the output gear 7021, and a high-speed gear transmission gear 7035, and the moving assembly can selectively mesh with the low-speed gear transmission gear 7033 or the high-speed gear transmission gear 7035 to select the gear position. The diameter of the meshing gear 7034 is smaller than that of the low-speed transmission gear 7033 and the high-speed transmission gear 7035 .

[0057] Further, the moving assembly includes a low-speed shift gear 7036 and a high-speed shift gear 7037 matched with the input shaft 701. The low-speed shift gear 7036 is fixedly connected to the high-speed shift gear 7037, and the fork plate 7031 is connected to the low-speed shift gear 7036 or the high-speed shift gear 7037, and the inner walls of the low-speed shift gear 7036 and the high-speed shift gear 7037 are both provided with grooves matching the protrusions 7011 on the outer wall of the input shaft 701, so that the fork plate 7031 can drive the low-speed shift gear 7036 and the high-speed shift gear 7037 to slide along the axial direction of the input shaft 701 until the low-speed shift gear 7036 is meshed with the low-speed transmission gear 7033 or the high-speed shift gear 7037 is meshed with the high-speed transmission gear 7035.

[0058] It should be noted that see Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, a moving assembly connected to the fork plate 7031 is arranged on the input shaft 701, and the moving assembly is arranged on the input shaft 701, and the fork plate 7031 is driven by the hydraulic drive member 708 to move along the axial direction of the input shaft 701 so that the low-speed gear transmission gear 7033 and the high-speed gear transmission gear 7035 on the input shaft 701 can be selectively meshed with the low-speed gear transmission gear 7033 and the high-speed gear transmission gear 7035. And the moving assembly is arranged on the input shaft 701. Compared with the gear for shifting adjustment being arranged on the output shaft, the structure of this embodiment is relatively simple in form, and the final gear shift of this embodiment does not require an intermediate transmission shaft. Moreover, the structural size is relatively small, and the fork of the final gear shift structure is at the final stage, with a large size and occupies a large box space. The processing requirements are relatively low, the shift structure is simple, and the gear can be shifted separately. It only needs to ensure the center distance between the gears, and the relative position relationship requirements of the two shift mechanisms are relatively low.

[0059] Further, the low-speed shift gear 7036, the high-speed shift gear 7037, the low-speed transmission gear 7033 and the high-speed transmission gear 7035 are provided with a plurality of transmission teeth at intervals in the circumferential direction of each gear, and the top end of the transmission teeth of the low-speed shift gear 7036 is a first inclined surface 704 inclined downward, and the bottom end of the transmission teeth of the high-speed shift gear 7037 is a second inclined surface 705 inclined upward. The bottom end of the transmission teeth of the low-speed transmission gear 7033 is a third inclined surface 706 inclined upward, and the top end of the transmission teeth of the high-speed transmission gear 7035 is a fourth inclined surface 707 inclined downward.

[0060] In this embodiment, see Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, this is the low-speed gear mode, and the shift body 703 is in the initial position. When it is necessary to change from the low-speed gear to the high-speed gear, the hydraulic drive component 708 drives the fork plate 7031 to move downward along the axial direction of the input shaft 701. At this time, the second conical surface 705 of the transmission tooth at the bottom of the high-speed shift gear 7037 and the fourth inclined surface 707 of the transmission tooth at the top of the high-speed transmission gear 7035 fixed on the rotating shaft 7032 cooperate with each other to make the high-speed shift gear 7037 and the high-speed transmission gear 7035 enter a meshing state, thereby completing the speed transmission. When the high-speed gear is switched to the low-speed gear, the hydraulic drive member 708 drives the fork plate 7031 to move upward along the axial direction of the input shaft 701, and the second cone surface 704 of the transmission tooth on the top of the low-speed shift gear 7036 cooperates with the fourth inclined surface 706 of the transmission tooth on the top of the low-speed gear transmission gear 7033 fixed on the rotating shaft 7032 to make the low-speed shift gear 7036 and the low-speed gear transmission gear 7033 enter a meshing state, thereby completing the speed transmission. In this embodiment, the inclined surface is used, the molding process is simple, and it is more convenient for the low-speed shift gear 7036 and the high-speed shift gear 7037 to enter the low-speed gear transmission gear 7033 and the high-speed gear transmission gear 7035, so that the gear shifting is simpler and more convenient.

[0061] In another embodiment, the low-speed shift gear 7036, the high-speed shift gear 7037, the low-speed transmission gear 7033 and the high-speed transmission gear 7035 are provided with a plurality of transmission teeth at intervals in the circumferential direction of each gear, and the top end of the transmission teeth of the low-speed shift gear 7036 is a first arc surface 704' formed downwardly and outwardly and downwardly, and the bottom end of the transmission teeth of the high-speed shift gear 7037 is a second inclined surface 705 inclined upwardly or a second arc surface 705' formed outwardly and upwardly. The bottom end of the transmission teeth of the low-speed transmission gear 7033 is a third arc surface 706' formed outwardly and upwardly, and the top end of the transmission teeth of the high-speed transmission gear 7035 is a fourth arc surface 707' formed outwardly and downwardly. The gear shifting method is the same as above, and the tooth-shaped structure of the additional arc surface is provided, that is, a slope chamfer is provided at one end of the meshing surface of the two sets of gears to increase the smoothness of the gear shifting.

[0062] Furthermore, the shift mechanism 700 also includes a monitoring module for monitoring whether the low-speed shift gear 7036 or the high-speed shift gear 7037 is in place and a controller arranged outside the top drive gearbox 200. When shifting, the monitoring module can monitor whether the low-speed shift gear 7036 or the high-speed shift gear 7037 is in place and send information to the controller, and the controller can control the shift power source of the input shaft 701 to rotate a certain angle according to the received information. It should be noted that once during the shift, when the gear is stuck, the monitoring module is set on the transmission gear, and the monitoring module does not detect the corresponding shift gear, and sends a control signal to the controller, the controller sends an execution instruction to the external shift power source, and the external power source receives the instruction while continuing to rotate the circumferential distance of half a tooth, so as to solve the problem of stuck teeth, shift gears more smoothly, and greatly improve work efficiency.

[0063] In this implementation, see Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, a back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system of a drilling well comprises a back-up clamp beam 1 connected to a top drive rotating head 300 of the top drive system, and also comprises a back-up clamp body 2 located at the bottom of the back-up clamp beam 1. The back-up clamp body 2 comprises two back-up clamp bodies 21 arranged opposite to each other, and the back-up clamp beam 1 is detachably connected to one of the back-up clamp bodies 21, and one end of the two back-up clamp bodies 21 can rotate relative to each other to enclose a center hole 22 for a protection joint 500 connected below the top drive main shaft 100 to pass through. A rolling structure 3 is arranged on the top of at least one back-up clamp body 21, and the rolling structure 3 is close to the axial direction of the center hole 22, and the axis of the rolling structure 3 is parallel to the axial direction of the center hole 22. In particular, when the top drive system is shifting gears and the top drive system is converted from a low gear to a high gear, the protection joint 500 can contact with the rolling structure 3 to make the rolling structure 3 roll.

[0064] Among them, a back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system of a drilling well can convert the sliding friction between the protection joint 500 and the back-up clamp body 21 into rolling friction by setting a rolling structure 3 on the back-up clamp body 21, thereby reducing the wear degree of the back-up clamp body 21 and thus reducing the replacement frequency and the maintenance cost of the back-up clamp. The technical problem that once the top drive main shaft vibrates, the vibration of the protection joint will be aggravated, and then the top drive main shaft will damage the top opening of the back-up clamp mechanism, thereby affecting the service life of the back-up clamp mechanism and correspondingly increasing the cost of the back-up clamp mechanism is solved.

[0065] Furthermore, there are two rolling structural members 3, and the two rolling structural members 3 are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis passing through the center hole 22 and perpendicular to the plane of the back-clamp beam 1, and the two rolling structural members 3 are both located on the same back-clamp body 21 away from the back-clamp beam 1, and there is a gap between the two rolling structural members 3. The arrangement of the two rolling structural members 3 on the back-clamp body 21 on the front side not only solves the problem of preventing vibration from causing collision but also avoids space problems. Since the back-clamp body 21 on the rear side is less affected by the vibration problem, for this reason, further, a semicircular nylon sleeve 4 is provided on the back-clamp body 21 where the back-clamp beam 1 is located. It is sufficient to provide the nylon sleeve 4 on the back-clamp body 21 on the rear side, which saves installation procedures and costs.

[0066] Furthermore, the rolling structure 3 includes a guide shaft 31 fixedly mounted on the cushion block 23 at the top of the back caliper body 21, a bearing 32 sleeved on the guide shaft 31, and a guide shaft cover 33 for buckling on the top of the guide shaft 31. The guide shaft 31 forms a stepped shaft in the axial direction, and the guide shaft cover 33 abuts the bearing 32 against the shoulder position of the stepped shaft. The specific structure of the rolling structure 3 of this structure can make the installation simple and the rolling effect good.

[0067] It should also be noted that, after the spacer 23 is installed, the side walls of the two guide shaft covers 33 and the bearing 32 are partially protruded relative to the center hole 22 to improve the protective effect.

[0068] Furthermore, an annular felt 34 is provided between the guide shaft cover 33 and the bearing 32 to protect the protective joint 500 .

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0070] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0071] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0072] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may alter, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system of a well drilling, comprising a back-up clamp beam (1) connected to a top drive rotating head (300) of the top drive system, characterized in that: It also includes a back-up clamp body (2) located at the bottom of the back-up clamp beam (1); The back-up clamp body (2) comprises two back-up clamp bodies (21) arranged opposite to each other, and the back-up clamp beam (1) is detachably connected to one of the back-up clamp bodies (21), and one end of the two back-up clamp bodies (21) is hinged to enclose a central hole (22) for a protection joint (500) connected below the top drive main shaft (100) to pass through; A rolling structure (3) is disposed on the top of at least one of the back-up clamp bodies (21), and the axis of the rolling structure (3) is parallel to the axial direction of the center hole (22); The protection joint (500) is capable of contacting the rolling structure (3) to enable the rolling structure (3) to roll.

2. The back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system for drilling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: There are two rolling structural members (3), and the two rolling structural members (3) are symmetrically arranged relative to a plane passing through the axis of the central hole (22) and perpendicular to the back clamp beam (1), and there is a gap between the two rolling structural members (3).

3. The back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system for drilling as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The rolling structure (3) comprises a guide shaft (31) fixedly mounted on a cushion block (23) at the top of the back clamp body (21), a bearing (32) sleeved on the guide shaft (31), and a guide shaft cover (33) buckled on the top of the guide shaft (31); The guide shaft (31) forms a stepped shaft in the axial direction, and the guide shaft cover (33) causes the bearing (32) to abut against a shaft shoulder position of the stepped shaft.

4. The back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system for drilling as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: An annular felt (34) is provided between the guide shaft cover (33) and the bearing (32).

5. The back-up clamp mechanism for a top drive system for drilling as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A semicircular nylon sleeve (4) is provided on the back clamp body (21) where the back clamp beam (1) is located.

6. A top drive system, characterized in that: It comprises a top drive main shaft (100), a top drive gearbox (200), a top drive rotating head (300), a blowout preventer (400), a blowout preventer joint (500), and a back-up clamp mechanism (600) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5; The bottom end of the top drive main shaft (100) passes through the top drive gearbox (200) and the top drive rotating head (300) in sequence and is connected to the top end of the blowout preventer (400); the bottom end of the blowout preventer (400) is connected to the top end of the blowout preventer joint (500); and the bottom end of the blowout preventer joint (500) can be connected to a drill pipe; A shift mechanism (700) is arranged in the top drive gearbox (200), and the shift mechanism (700) comprises an input shaft (701) connected to an external shift power source, a portion of the top drive main shaft (100) as an output shaft (702), and a shift body (703) arranged between the input shaft (701) and the output shaft (702); The gear shifting body (703) can select a high-speed / low-speed gear ratio, so that the output shaft (702) drives the top drive main shaft (100) to output a low-speed gear position / high-speed gear position.

7. The top drive system of claim 6, wherein: The shift body (703) comprises a moving assembly matched with the input shaft (701), a shift fork plate (7031) driving the moving assembly to move, and a transmission assembly arranged between the input shaft (701) and the output shaft (702); The output shaft (702) is sleeved with an output gear (7021) meshing with the transmission assembly; The fork plate (7031) is connected to the hydraulic drive member (708) to drive the moving assembly to move along the axial direction of the input shaft (701), so that the moving assembly can be selectively connected to the transmission assembly; The transmission assembly comprises a rotating shaft (7032) installed in the top drive gearbox (200) via a mounting bearing, a low-speed gear transmission gear (7033) sleeved on the rotating shaft (7032) in order from top to bottom, a meshing gear (7034) meshing with the output gear (7021), and a high-speed gear transmission gear (7035), and the moving assembly can selectively mesh with the low-speed gear transmission gear (7033) or the high-speed gear transmission gear (7035) to select a gear position; The meshing gear (7034) has a smaller diameter than the low-speed transmission gear (7033) and the high-speed transmission gear (7035).

8. The top drive system of claim 7, wherein: The moving assembly includes a low-speed shift gear (7036) and a high-speed shift gear (7037) matched with the input shaft (701); The low-speed shift gear (7036) is fixedly connected to the high-speed shift gear (7037), and the shift fork plate (7031) is connected to the low-speed shift gear (7036) or the high-speed shift gear (7037). The inner walls of the low-speed shift gear (7036) and the high-speed shift gear (7037) are both provided with grooves matching the protrusions (7011) on the outer wall of the input shaft (701), so that the shift fork plate (7031) can drive the low-speed shift gear (7036) and the high-speed shift gear (7037) to slide along the axial direction of the input shaft (701) until the low-speed shift gear (7036) is meshed with the low-speed transmission gear (7033) or the high-speed shift gear (7037) is meshed with the high-speed transmission gear (7035).

9. The top drive system of claim 8, wherein: The low-speed shift gear (7036), the high-speed shift gear (7037), the low-speed transmission gear (7033) and the high-speed transmission gear (7035) are provided with a plurality of transmission teeth at intervals in the circumferential direction of each gear, and the top end of the transmission teeth of the low-speed shift gear (7036) is a first inclined surface (704) or a first arc surface (704′) inclined downward, and the bottom end of the transmission teeth of the high-speed shift gear (7037) is a second inclined surface (705) inclined upward or a second arc surface (705′) formed outward and upward; The bottom end of the transmission tooth of the low-speed transmission gear (7033) is a third inclined surface (706) inclined upward or a third arc surface (706′) formed outward and upward, and the top end of the transmission tooth of the high-speed transmission gear (7035) is a fourth inclined surface (707) inclined downward or a fourth arc surface (707′) formed outward and downward.

10. The top drive system of claim 9, wherein: The shift mechanism (700) further comprises a monitoring module for monitoring whether the low-speed shift gear (7036) or the high-speed shift gear (7037) is in place, and a controller arranged outside the top drive gearbox (200); When shifting gears, the monitoring module can monitor the low-speed shift gear (7036) or the high-speed shift gear (7037) and send information to the controller, and the controller can control the shift power source of the input shaft (701) to rotate a certain angle according to the received information.

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