A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer

Abstract

The present invention provides a reduction mechanism and a reducer, comprising: a reduction box; an input shaft, which is rotatably arranged in the reduction box, and the input shaft is slidably installed with an input gear member in the reduction box, and the reduction box is provided with a lever mechanism for shifting the input gear member on one side of the input shaft; and an adjustment mechanism is provided on the side of the input shaft away from the lever mechanism. The device controls the movement of a swing plate through a driving member to drive the input gear member to slide on a square shaft rod, so as to realize the transmission connection between the moving gear and the corresponding adjustment gear, thereby realizing the corresponding speed ratio adjustment. The device can quickly switch the adjustment gear, thereby changing the speed ratio to meet the different speed requirements of the equipment. Thrust bearings are provided on both sides of the ring plate, and are rotatably connected with the baffles on both sides through the thrust bearings, so as to position the input gear member and prevent it from moving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of speed reducers, and in particular to a speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer. Background Art

[0002] The reducer plays the role of matching the speed and transmitting the torque between the prime mover and the working machine or the actuator, and is widely used in modern machinery. The shaft connected to the prime mover is called the input shaft, and the shaft connected to the working machine or the actuator is called the output shaft. Existing equipment may require the output shaft to have several speeds to control the shaft roller to rotate slowly, medium or quickly to correspond to different stages of the equipment's operation, but the gear ratio in the existing reduction mechanism is fixed, and the shaft roller can only be controlled to rotate at a single speed, which cannot meet production needs. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solution: a reduction mechanism and a reducer, comprising: Gearbox body; An input shaft is rotatably arranged in a reduction gear box, and an input gear is slidably installed in the input shaft in the reduction gear box. A lever mechanism for shifting the input gear is provided on one side of the reduction gear box located at the input shaft; an adjusting mechanism is provided on the side of the input shaft away from the lever mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting shaft and an adjusting gear rotatably installed on the adjusting shaft. A plurality of adjusting gears are arranged at intervals, and the adjusting gears are externally connected to a reduction gear set to reduce the speed through the reduction gear set, and the speed output by each group of adjusting gears through the reduction gear set is not consistent; the lever mechanism controls the input gear to be connected to a group of adjusting gears in the adjusting mechanism for transmission, so as to achieve speed regulation; An output shaft is rotatably arranged on the reduction box body, and the output shaft is provided with an output gear connected with the reduction gear set in the reduction box body to further reduce the rotation speed.

[0005] As a further embodiment of the present invention: The adjusting mechanism is provided with three groups of adjusting gears in sequence, namely the first adjusting gear, the second adjusting gear and the third adjusting gear. The first adjusting gear, the second adjusting gear and the third adjusting gear are respectively rotatably installed at corresponding positions of the adjusting shaft through adjusting bearings. Both sides of the adjusting shaft are provided with retaining springs for limiting the adjusting bearings to prevent the adjusting bearings from shifting.

[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention: The reduction gear group includes a reduction shaft and a first reduction gear, a second reduction gear and a third reduction gear fixedly arranged on the reduction shaft. The first reduction gear is meshed and connected to the first adjusting gear to achieve a first-stage reduction. The second reduction gear is connected to the second adjusting gear through the first intermediate gear to achieve a second-stage reduction. The third reduction gear is connected to the third intermediate gear through the second intermediate gear, and is connected to the third adjusting gear through the third intermediate gear to achieve a third-stage reduction. The corresponding speed ratio can be adjusted according to which group of adjusting gears the input gear is connected to.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention: The first intermediate gear and the third intermediate gear are respectively fixed on the first intermediate shaft and are rotatably mounted on the reduction box body through the first intermediate shaft. The second intermediate gear is fixedly mounted on the second intermediate shaft and is rotatably mounted on the reduction box body through the second intermediate shaft, thereby simplifying the gear structure.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: The number of teeth of the first reduction gear is greater than that of the second reduction gear, the number of teeth of the second reduction gear is greater than that of the third reduction gear, the third reduction gear is transmission-connected to the output gear, and the number of teeth of the third reduction gear is less than that of the output gear to achieve different reduction ratios.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: The input shaft includes a square shaft rod and round shaft rods integrally arranged on both sides of the square shaft rod, so that the round shaft rods are installed in the corresponding bearings of the reduction gear box body, and the round shaft rod on one side of the reduction gear box body extends out of the reduction gear box body and is connected to the driving device; the input gear part includes a square sleeve slidably mounted on the square shaft rod and a moving gear fixedly mounted on the outer end of the square sleeve, the square shaft rod is a square structure, and the square sleeve is provided with a square axial hole to be sleeved on the outer end of the square shaft rod; the outer end of the square sleeve is also provided with a pushing sleeve, and baffles are respectively provided on both sides of the pushing sleeve to connect with the lever mechanism through the pushing sleeve.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: The outer end of the square sleeve is provided with a plurality of slots in a circular distribution, and the inner cavity wall of the moving gear is provided with a plurality of blocks corresponding to the slots. The blocks are inserted into the slots to improve the transmission stability between the moving gear and the square sleeve; the outer ends of the gear teeth of the moving gear and the adjusting gear are respectively provided with inclined parts to facilitate the docking of the moving gear and the adjusting gear.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention: The square shaft hole of the square sleeve is respectively provided with several groups of guide slides, which are slidably installed on the outer end of the square shaft rod through the guide slides, and the guide slides are distributed on the four sides of the square shaft hole; the inner hole of the square sleeve is provided with a guide slide hole corresponding to the guide slide, and insertion holes are also provided on both sides of the guide slide hole, and the guide slide comprises a guide slide cylinder, a first insertion shaft is provided on one side of the guide slide cylinder, and a second insertion shaft is elastically slidably installed on the other side, the guide slide cylinder is installed in the guide slide hole, one side of the guide slide cylinder is inserted into the insertion hole through an insertion shaft, and the other side is inserted into the insertion hole through the second insertion shaft, so as to install the guide slide cylinder in the guide slide hole; a spring is provided in the inner cavity of the guide slide cylinder to push the second insertion shaft to slide out outward so as to be inserted in the corresponding insertion hole. As a further embodiment of the present invention: The lever mechanism includes a swing plate and a driving member for driving the swing plate to move, and a ring plate integrally arranged with the swing plate, the ring plate is sleeved on the pushing sleeve, and thrust bearings are respectively provided on both sides of the ring plate, and the ring plate contacts with the baffle plate through the thrust bearings, thereby driving the input gear member to move; the driving member includes two groups of guide rods arranged in parallel in the reduction gear box body and a screw rod arranged between the two groups of guide rods, the swing plate is installed on the guide rod by sliding, and a screw sleeve is provided in the middle part of the swing plate corresponding to the screw rod, so as to be threadedly connected with the screw rod through the screw sleeve, and a driving motor is installed at the outer end of the reduction gear box body, and the driving motor is transmission-connected with the screw rod to control the cyclic movement of the swing plate.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention: The upper end of the lever mechanism is also provided with a positioning mechanism for detecting the position of the swing plate to achieve precise docking of the moving gear with the corresponding adjusting gear. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning plate installed on the reduction gear box and a positioning sensor distributed at the lower end of the positioning plate. The swing plate is provided with an induction plate connected to the positioning sensor to detect the position of the moving gear through the positioning sensor.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the device controls the movement of the swing plate through the driving member, so as to drive the input gear member to slide on the square shaft rod, realize the transmission connection between the moving gear and the corresponding adjusting gear, thereby realizing the corresponding speed ratio adjustment, and the device can quickly switch the adjusting gear, thereby changing the speed ratio, and meeting the equipment's requirements for coping with different speeds. Thrust bearings are provided on both sides of the ring plate, and are rotatably connected to the baffles on both sides through the thrust bearings, so as to position the input gear member to prevent it from moving and causing transmission instability, and the square shaft sleeve is slidably connected to the square shaft rod through the guide slide, so as to reduce the friction during the sliding process of the square shaft sleeve and improve the lubricity. The outer ends of the gear teeth of the moving gear and the adjusting gear are respectively provided with inclined parts to facilitate the docking of the moving gear and the adjusting gear, so that the clamping teeth of the moving gear can be easily inserted into the tooth grooves of the corresponding adjusting gear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 The partial cross-sectional structure diagram of the input gear of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 The partial cross-sectional structure diagram of the input gear of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 The partial cross-sectional structure diagram of the input gear of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ; Markings in the figure: 1. reduction box; 2. input shaft; 3. input gear; 4. lever mechanism; 5. adjustment mechanism; 6. reduction gear set; 7. output shaft; 8. guide slide; 9. positioning plate; 21. square shaft rod; 31. square sleeve; 32. moving gear; 33. pushing sleeve; 34. baffle; 35. block; 36. inclined part; 41. swing plate; 42. ring plate; 43. guide rod; 44. screw rod; 45. screw sleeve; 46. driving motor; 47. thrust bearing; 51. adjustment shaft; 52 , the first adjusting gear; 53, the second adjusting gear; 54, the third adjusting gear; 55, the adjusting bearing; 61, the reduction shaft; 62, the first reduction gear; 63, the second reduction gear; 64, the third reduction gear; 65, the first intermediate gear; 66, the second intermediate gear; 67, the third intermediate gear; 68, the first intermediate shaft; 69, the second intermediate shaft; 71, the output gear; 81, the guide slide hole; 82, the guide slide cylinder; 83, the first plug shaft; 84, the second plug shaft; 85, the spring; 91, the positioning sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to make the technical means for realizing the present invention, the creative features, the objectives and effects to be achieved easily understood, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific diagrams.

[0016] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, This embodiment provides a reduction mechanism and a reducer, including: Reduction box body 1; An input shaft 2 is rotatably arranged in a reduction gear box 1, and an input gear 3 is slidably installed on the input shaft 2 in the reduction gear box 1. A lever mechanism 4 for shifting the input gear 3 is provided on one side of the reduction gear box 1 located at the input shaft 2; an adjusting mechanism 5 is provided on the side of the input shaft 2 away from the lever mechanism 4, and the adjusting mechanism 5 includes an adjusting shaft 51 and an adjusting gear rotatably installed on the adjusting shaft 51. A plurality of adjusting gears are arranged at intervals, and the adjusting gears are externally connected to a reduction gear set 6 to reduce the speed through the reduction gear set 6, and the speed output by each group of adjusting gears through the reduction gear set 6 is not consistent; the lever mechanism 4 controls the input gear 3 to be connected to a group of adjusting gears in the adjusting mechanism 5 in a transmission manner to achieve speed regulation; The output shaft 7 is rotatably disposed on the reduction box body 1, and the output shaft 7 is located inside the reduction box body 1 and is provided with an output gear 71 connected to the reduction gear set 6 to further reduce the rotation speed.

[0017] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, three groups of adjusting gears are sequentially arranged on the adjusting mechanism 5, and they are respectively the first adjusting gear 52, the second adjusting gear 53 and the third adjusting gear 54. The first adjusting gear 52, the second adjusting gear 53 and the third adjusting gear 54 are respectively rotatably installed at the corresponding positions of the adjusting shaft 51 through adjusting bearings 55. Both sides of the adjusting shaft 51 are provided with retaining springs for limiting the adjusting bearings 55 to prevent the adjusting bearings 55 from shifting.

[0018] The reduction gear set 6 includes a reduction shaft 61 and a first reduction gear 62, a second reduction gear 63 and a third reduction gear 64 fixedly arranged on the reduction shaft 61. The first reduction gear 62 is meshed and connected to the first adjusting gear 52 for transmission to achieve a first-stage reduction. The second reduction gear 63 is connected to the second adjusting gear 53 through the first intermediate gear 65 for transmission to achieve a second-stage reduction. The third reduction gear 64 is connected to the third intermediate gear 67 through the second intermediate gear 66, and is connected to the third adjusting gear 54 through the third intermediate gear 67 for transmission to achieve a third-stage reduction. The corresponding speed ratio can be adjusted according to which group of adjusting gears the input gear 3 is connected to for transmission.

[0019] The first intermediate gear 65 and the third intermediate gear 67 are respectively fixed on the first intermediate shaft 68 and are rotatably mounted on the reduction gear box 1 through the first intermediate shaft 68. The second intermediate gear 66 is fixed on the second intermediate shaft 69 and is rotatably mounted on the reduction gear box 1 through the second intermediate shaft 69, thereby simplifying the gear structure.

[0020] The number of teeth of the first reduction gear 62 is greater than the number of teeth of the second reduction gear 63, the number of teeth of the second reduction gear 63 is greater than the number of teeth of the third reduction gear 64, the third reduction gear 64 is transmission-connected to the output gear 71, and the number of teeth of the third reduction gear 64 is less than the number of teeth of the output gear 71, so as to achieve different reduction ratios.

[0021] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the input shaft 2 includes a square shaft rod 21 and round shaft rods integrally arranged on both sides of the square shaft rod 21, so that the round shaft rods are installed in the corresponding bearings of the reduction gear box body 1, and the round shaft rod on one side of the reduction gear box body 1 extends out of the external driving device of the reduction gear box body 1; the input gear part 3 includes a square sleeve 31 slidably mounted on the square shaft rod 21 and a moving gear 32 fixedly mounted on the outer end of the square sleeve 31, the square shaft rod 21 is a square structure, and the square sleeve 31 is provided with a square shaft hole, so that it is sleeved on the outer end of the square shaft rod 21; the outer end of the square sleeve 31 is also provided with a pushing sleeve 33, and baffles 34 are respectively provided on both sides of the pushing sleeve 33, so as to be connected with the lever mechanism 4 through the pushing sleeve 33.

[0022] In order to improve the stability of the connection between the square sleeve 31 and the moving gear 32, the outer end of the square sleeve 31 is provided with a plurality of grooves in an annular distribution, and the inner cavity wall of the moving gear 32 is provided with a plurality of blocks 35 corresponding to the grooves. The blocks 35 are inserted into the grooves to improve the stability of the transmission between the moving gear 32 and the square sleeve 31.

[0023] In order to facilitate the movable gear 32 to be easily inserted into the tooth groove of the corresponding adjusting gear during displacement and complete the meshing connection with the adjusting gear, the outer ends of the gear teeth of the movable gear 32 and the adjusting gear are respectively provided with inclined parts 36 to facilitate the docking of the movable gear 32 and the adjusting gear.

[0024] In order to increase the sliding property of the square sleeve 31 and the square shaft rod 21 and avoid large friction during the sliding process, the square shaft hole of the square sleeve 31 is respectively provided with a plurality of guide slides 8, so as to be slidably installed on the outer end of the square shaft rod 21 through the guide slides 8, and the guide slides 8 are distributed on the four sides of the square shaft hole; the inner hole of the square sleeve 31 is provided with a guide slide hole 81 corresponding to the guide slide 8, and there are also insertion holes on both sides of the guide slide hole 81, and the guide slide 8 includes a guide slide cylinder 82, one side of the guide slide cylinder 82 is provided with a first insertion shaft 83, and the other side is elastically slidably installed with a second insertion shaft 84, the guide slide cylinder 82 is installed in the guide slide hole 81, one side of the guide slide cylinder 82 is inserted into the insertion hole through an insertion shaft, and the other side is inserted into the insertion hole through the second insertion shaft 84, so as to install the guide slide cylinder 82 in the guide slide hole 81; the inner cavity of the guide slide cylinder 82 is provided with a spring 85 for pushing the second insertion shaft 84 to slide out, so as to be inserted in the corresponding insertion hole. like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the lever mechanism 4 includes a swing plate 41 and a driving member for driving the swing plate 41 to move, and a ring plate 42 integrally arranged with the swing plate 41, the ring plate 42 is sleeved on the pushing sleeve 33, and thrust bearings 47 are respectively provided on both sides of the ring plate 42, and the ring plate 42 contacts with the baffle plate 34 through the thrust bearings 47, thereby driving the input gear member 3 to move; the driving member includes two groups of guide rods 43 arranged in parallel in the reduction box body 1 and a screw rod 44 arranged between the two groups of guide rods 43, the swing plate 41 is installed on the guide rod 43 by sliding, and a screw sleeve 45 is provided in the middle part of the swing plate 41 corresponding to the screw rod 44, so as to be threadedly connected with the screw rod 44 through the screw sleeve 45, and a driving motor 46 is installed at the outer end of the reduction box body 1, and the driving motor 46 is transmission-connected with the screw rod 44 to control the cyclic movement of the swing plate 41.

[0025] The upper end of the lever mechanism 4 is also provided with a positioning mechanism for detecting the position of the swing plate 41 to achieve precise docking of the mobile gear 32 with the corresponding adjustment gear. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning plate 9 installed on the reduction gear box body 1 and a positioning sensor 91 distributed at the lower end of the positioning plate 9. The swing plate 41 is provided with an induction plate that is connected to the positioning sensor 91 to detect the position of the mobile gear 32 through the positioning sensor 91.

[0026] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the input shaft 2 is driven to rotate by an external device, the square shaft rod 21 drives the square sleeve 31 to rotate, and drives the moving gear 32 to rotate through the square sleeve 31, the driving motor 46 drives the swing plate 41 to move through the screw 44, and according to the detection of the positioning sensor 91, the moving gear 32 is slid to the corresponding position to be connected with the corresponding adjusting gear, wherein the first reduction gear 62 is meshed and connected with the first adjusting gear 52 to achieve a first-stage reduction, the second reduction gear 63 is connected with the second adjusting gear 53 through the first intermediate gear 65 to achieve a second-stage reduction, the third reduction gear 64 is connected with the third intermediate gear 67 through the second intermediate gear 66, and is connected with the third adjusting gear 54 through the third intermediate gear 67 to achieve a third-stage reduction, so that the corresponding speed ratio can be adjusted according to which group of adjusting gears the input gear 3 is connected to.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the device controls the movement of the swing plate 41 through the driving member, so as to drive the input gear member 3 to slide on the square shaft rod 21, realize the transmission connection between the moving gear 32 and the corresponding adjusting gear, thereby realizing the corresponding speed ratio adjustment. The device can quickly switch the adjusting gear, thereby changing the speed ratio, and meeting the equipment's requirements for different speeds. Thrust bearings are provided on both sides of the ring plate 42, and are rotatably connected to the baffles 34 on both sides through the thrust bearings, so as to position the input gear member 3 to prevent it from moving and causing transmission instability, and the square shaft sleeve 31 is slidably connected to the square shaft rod 21 through the guide slide 8, so as to reduce the friction during the sliding process of the square shaft sleeve 31 and improve the lubricity. The outer ends of the gear teeth of the moving gear 32 and the adjusting gear are respectively provided with inclined portions 36 to facilitate the docking of the moving gear 32 and the adjusting gear, so that the latching teeth of the moving gear 32 can be easily inserted into the tooth grooves of the corresponding adjusting gear.

[0028] The above shows and describes the basic principle and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. It should be noted that, in this article, if there are relational terms such as first and second, it is only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and does not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "includes", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

Claims

1. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer, characterized in that: include: Reducer housing (1); An input shaft (2) is rotatably arranged in a reduction gear box (1), and an input gear member (3) is slidably installed on the input shaft (2) in the reduction gear box (1). A lever mechanism (4) for moving the input gear member (3) is provided on one side of the reduction gear box (1) located on the input shaft (2); an adjustment mechanism (5) is provided on the side of the input shaft (2) away from the lever mechanism (4), and the adjustment mechanism (5) comprises an adjustment shaft (51) and an adjustment gear rotatably installed on the adjustment shaft (51); a plurality of groups of adjustment gears are arranged at intervals, and the adjustment gears are externally connected to a reduction gear group (6) so as to reduce the rotation speed through the reduction gear group (6), and the rotation speed output by each group of adjustment gears through the reduction gear group (6) is not consistent; the lever mechanism (4) controls the input gear member (3) to be in transmission connection with a group of adjustment gears in the adjustment mechanism (5) to achieve rotation speed adjustment; An output shaft (7) is rotatably mounted on the reduction gear box (1), and the output shaft (7) is located inside the reduction gear box (1) and is provided with an output gear (71) connected to the reduction gear set (6) to further reduce the rotation speed.

2. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism (5) is provided with three groups of adjusting gears in sequence and at intervals, namely a first adjusting gear (52), a second adjusting gear (53) and a third adjusting gear (54); the first adjusting gear (52), the second adjusting gear (53) and the third adjusting gear (54) are rotatably mounted at corresponding positions of the adjusting shaft (51) via adjusting bearings (55); and retaining springs for limiting the adjusting bearings (55) are provided on both sides of the adjusting shaft (51).

3. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reduction gear set (6) comprises a reduction shaft (61) and a first reduction gear (62), a second reduction gear (63) and a third reduction gear (64) fixedly arranged on the reduction shaft (61); the first reduction gear (62) is meshed and transmission-connected with the first adjustment gear (52) to achieve a first-stage reduction; the second reduction gear (63) is transmission-connected with the second adjustment gear (53) via a first intermediate gear (65) to achieve a second-stage reduction; the third reduction gear (64) is connected to the third intermediate gear (67) via the second intermediate gear (66) and transmission-connected with the third adjustment gear (54) via the third intermediate gear (67) to achieve a third-stage reduction, so that the corresponding speed ratio can be adjusted according to which group of adjustment gears the input gear member (3) is transmission-connected to.

4. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first intermediate gear (65) and the third intermediate gear (67) are respectively fixed on the first intermediate shaft (68) and are rotatably mounted on the reduction gear box (1) via the first intermediate shaft (68); the second intermediate gear (66) is fixedly mounted on the second intermediate shaft (69) and is rotatably mounted on the reduction gear box (1) via the second intermediate shaft (69).

5. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of teeth of the first reduction gear (62) is greater than the number of teeth of the second reduction gear (63), the number of teeth of the second reduction gear (63) is greater than the number of teeth of the third reduction gear (64), the third reduction gear (64) is transmission-connected to the output gear (71), and the number of teeth of the third reduction gear (64) is less than the number of teeth of the output gear (71), so as to achieve different reduction ratios.

6. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input shaft (2) comprises a square shaft rod (21) and circular shaft rods integrally arranged on both sides of the square shaft rod (21), so that the circular shaft rods are installed in corresponding bearings of the reduction gear box (1), and the circular shaft rod on one side of the reduction gear box (1) extends out of the reduction gear box (1) to connect to an external drive device; the input gear member (3) comprises a square shaft sleeve (31) slidably mounted on the square shaft rod (21) and a moving gear (32) fixedly mounted on the outer end of the square shaft sleeve (31); the square shaft rod (21) is a square structure, and the square shaft sleeve (31) is provided with a square shaft hole so as to be sleeved on the outer end of the square shaft rod (21); the outer end of the square shaft sleeve (31) is also provided with a pushing sleeve (33), and baffles (34) are respectively provided on both sides of the pushing sleeve (33) so as to be connected to the lever mechanism (4) through the pushing sleeve (33).

7. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer end of the square shaft sleeve (31) is provided with a plurality of slots in an annular distribution, and the inner cavity wall of the moving gear (32) is provided with a plurality of clamping blocks (35) corresponding to the slots, respectively, and the clamping blocks (35) are inserted into the slots to improve the transmission stability between the moving gear (32) and the square shaft sleeve (31); The outer ends of the gear teeth of the movable gear (32) and the adjusting gear are respectively provided with inclined portions (36) to facilitate the docking of the movable gear (32) and the adjusting gear.

8. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of guide slides (8) are respectively arranged in the square shaft hole of the square shaft sleeve (31) so as to be slidably mounted on the outer end of the square shaft rod (21) through the guide slides (8), and the guide slides (8) are distributed on the four sides of the square shaft hole; a guide slide hole (81) is formed in the inner hole of the square shaft sleeve (31) corresponding to the guide slide (8), and insertion holes are also formed on both sides of the guide slide hole (81); the guide slide (8) includes a guide slide cylinder (82), and one side of the guide slide cylinder (82) is provided with a first An insertion shaft (83) is provided, and a second insertion shaft (84) is elastically slidably installed on the other side. The guide slide cylinder (82) is installed in the guide slide hole (81). One side of the guide slide cylinder (82) is inserted into the insertion hole through the one insertion shaft, and the other side is inserted into the insertion hole through the second insertion shaft (84), so that the guide slide cylinder (82) is installed in the guide slide hole (81); a spring (85) is provided in the inner cavity of the guide slide cylinder (82) to push the second insertion shaft (84) to slide outward, so as to be inserted into the corresponding insertion hole.

9. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lever mechanism (4) comprises a swing plate (41), a driving member for driving the swing plate (41) to move, and a ring plate (42) integrally arranged with the swing plate (41); the ring plate (42) is sleeved on the push sleeve (33), and thrust bearings (47) are respectively provided on both sides of the ring plate (42), and the ring plate (42) contacts the baffle plate (34) through the thrust bearings (47), thereby driving the input gear member (3) to move; the driving member comprises two sets of guide rods arranged in parallel in the reduction gear box body (1) (43) and a screw rod (44) arranged between the two groups of guide rods (43), the swing plate (41) is slidably mounted on the guide rod (43), and a screw sleeve (45) is provided at the middle part of the swing plate (41) corresponding to the screw rod (44), so as to be threadedly connected to the screw rod (44) through the screw sleeve (45), and a driving motor (46) is installed at the outer end of the reduction box body (1), and the driving motor (46) is drivingly connected to the screw rod (44) to control the cyclic movement of the swing plate (41).

10. A speed reduction mechanism and a speed reducer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper end of the lever mechanism (4) is also provided with a positioning mechanism for detecting the position of the swing plate (41) so as to achieve accurate docking of the moving gear (32) with the corresponding adjusting gear. The positioning mechanism comprises a positioning plate (9) mounted on the reduction gear box (1) and a positioning sensor (91) arranged at the lower end of the positioning plate (9). The swing plate (41) is provided with a sensing plate connected to the positioning sensor (91) so as to detect the position of the moving gear (32) through the positioning sensor (91).

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