Cutter abrasion monitoring system and cutter abrasion loss measuring method

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool abrasion monitoring system and a tool abrasion loss measuring method, the monitoring system comprises a shell, a base body, multiple sets of magnets and a controller, the multiple sets of magnets are connected with one end of the base body and arranged in a tool in a penetrating mode, and the other end of the base body is connected with the shell. A Hall sensor is further arranged in the base body and is in electromagnetic connection with the multiple sets of magnets. When the tool is abraded, the multiple sets of magnets are abraded synchronously, so that the total magnetic field intensity B total detected by the Hall sensor changes, the controller calculates the tool abrasion loss M according to the change of the total magnetic field intensity B total, and when the tool abrasion loss M is close to the preset limit abrasion loss, it is judged that the tool needs to be shut down for maintenance or replacement. And the risk that personnel enter a warehouse for overhaul can be effectively avoided, and shield tunneling efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tool wear monitoring, and in particular to a tool wear monitoring system and a tool wear measurement method. Background Art

[0002] Shield cutters are indispensable tools in shield construction. During tunneling, shield cutters are affected by geological environment, cutter head speed, thrust, cutter head torque and other factors, which will cause wear. If the cutters are not replaced in time, it will not only accelerate the wear of the surrounding cutters, resulting in lower construction efficiency, but may even damage the cutter head, affecting the construction period and construction cost. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the wear of the cutters so that the worn cutters can be repaired or replaced in time.

[0003] At present, the commonly used method for calculating tool wear is the shutdown maintenance method, that is, when a certain distance is excavated or an abnormality occurs, personnel enter the pressure chamber to shut down the shield machine for maintenance. However, although the shutdown maintenance method has high monitoring accuracy, the workers work in a limited space and face high pressure or toxic gas environment, which poses a safety hazard. In addition, frequent opening of the chamber to check the tools will prolong the construction period and increase construction costs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a system and method that can monitor the wear of the tool, so that the tool can be replaced in time when the wear reaches the limit value or is abnormally damaged, thereby avoiding chain damage to other tools. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a tool wear monitoring system and a tool wear measurement method. The monitoring system monitors the wear of the tool in real time through the change of the magnetic induction intensity of the magnet as the tool wears. When the tool wear reaches the set tool limit wear, the tool is replaced in time, thereby solving the technical problem of chain damage to surrounding tools caused by untimely tool replacement in the prior art.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tool wear monitoring system and a tool wear measurement method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0009] A tool wear monitoring system is used to monitor the wear of the tool in real time. The tool is provided with an insertion hole, which extends from the root of the tool to the blade and does not penetrate the tool. The monitoring system includes:

[0010] A housing, used to be connected to the root of the tool;

[0011] A base body is arranged in the insertion hole, a first end of which is connected to the shell, a cavity is arranged in the base body, and a Hall sensor is arranged in the cavity;

[0012] Magnets, multiple groups of magnets stacked in layers are placed in the insertion holes, and the bottoms are connected to the second end of the base;

[0013] Multiple groups of magnets are contact-connected with the Hall sensors respectively. Multiple groups of magnets are independent of the Hall sensors. The Hall sensors are used to detect the total magnetic induction intensity B generated by multiple groups of magnets at the Hall sensor location. 总 ;

[0014] The controller is electrically connected to the Hall sensor and is used to receive the total magnetic induction intensity B detected by the Hall sensor. 总 ;

[0015] When the tool is worn, multiple sets of magnets wear synchronously, and the total magnetic induction intensity B detected by the Hall sensor 总 changes, the controller is used to calculate the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The tool wear amount M is calculated based on the change in

[0016] Further, two adjacent groups of magnets are viscously connected;

[0017] Any set of magnets includes an N pole and an S pole, and the N poles and S poles of the stacked sets of magnets have the same direction.

[0018] Furthermore, a second connecting member is provided at the second end of the base, and the plurality of groups of magnets are connected to the second connecting member;

[0019] The second connecting member comprises a cylinder body, a magnetic attraction plate is arranged in the cylinder body, a plurality of groups of magnets are placed in the cylinder body, and the bottom is magnetically connected to the magnetic attraction plate.

[0020] Furthermore, a first connecting member is provided at the first end of the base, and the base is connected to the shell through the first connecting member;

[0021] The first connecting member comprises:

[0022] A flange is arranged at the first end of the base body, and a plurality of through holes are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the flange;

[0023] The number of the connecting bolts matches the number of the through holes, and the connecting bolts can pass through the through holes and be screwed into the threaded holes of the shell to connect the base body to the shell.

[0024] Furthermore, the wire row of the Hall sensor is connected to the information transmission module and the power module in the housing through the wiring terminal, and the power module is used to supply power to the Hall sensor;

[0025] The information module is also electrically connected to the controller and is used to transmit the total magnetic field strength detected by the Hall sensor to the controller;

[0026] The electrical connector includes:

[0027] A male terminal is provided at the end of the electrical connection line away from the Hall sensor;

[0028] The female end is arranged on the upper end surface of the shell, is electrically connected to the information transmission module and the power module, and is plugged into the male end.

[0029] Furthermore, the output signal of the Hall sensor is a voltage, and a voltmeter, an ammeter and a voltage-dividing resistor are also provided in the housing;

[0030] The voltmeter is connected in parallel with the Hall sensor to detect the terminal voltage U of the Hall sensor;

[0031] The ammeter and the voltage-dividing resistor are connected in series with the Hall sensor to form a detection loop. The ammeter is used to detect the current I of the detection loop.

[0032] Further, the controller includes a data processing module and a data identification module;

[0033] The data processing module is electrically connected to the information transmission module and is used to receive the voltage U and current I transmitted by the information transmission module;

[0034] The data processing module is also used to calculate the Hall effect of the Hall sensor based on the terminal voltage U, current I, Hall sensor thickness H and Hall coefficient R. H , according to the formula Calculate the total magnetic induction intensity B of multiple groups of magnets after wear 总 ;

[0035] The data identification module is electrically connected to the data processing module and is used to receive the total magnetic induction intensity B transmitted by the data processing module. 总 , and the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 With the preset magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 for comparison to determine the magnet wear quantity n1;

[0036] The data identification module then transmits the magnet wear quantity n1 to the data processing module, and the data processing module calculates the tool wear quantity M ranging from D+(n1-1)d to D+n1*d based on the magnet wear quantity n1.

[0037] A tool wear measurement method, based on the tool wear monitoring system, comprises the following steps:

[0038] S10: setting the number of magnets stacked in the insertion hole to n, the thickness of each group of magnets to d, and the distance from the top magnet to the tip of the blade to D;

[0039] S20: Obtain the total magnetic induction intensity B of the remaining magnet after the tool and magnet are worn. 总 ;

[0040] S30: The total magnetic induction intensity B 总 With the preset magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 for comparison to determine the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 range, and according to the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The range determines the magnet wear quantity n1;

[0041] S40: According to the magnet wear number n1, the thickness d of each group of magnets and the distance D from the top magnet to the blade tip, the tool wear amount M is calculated to range from D+(n1-1)d to D+n1*d.

[0042] Further, step S20: obtaining the total magnetic induction intensity B of the remaining magnet after the tool and the magnet are worn. 总 In the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The calculation method includes the following steps:

[0043] S21: Get the thickness of the Hall sensor as h and the Hall coefficient as R H ;

[0044] S22: Get the current I of the detection circuit and the terminal voltage U of the Hall sensor according to the formula Calculate the total magnetic field strength B 总 .

[0045] Further, step S30: the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 With the preset magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 for comparison to determine the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 range, and according to the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The range of magnet wear number n1 is determined by B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 is measured by the laboratory, and the test method includes the following steps:

[0046] S31, remove the top set of magnets, and calculate the magnetic induction intensity B of the remaining magnets according to step S20 n-1 ;

[0047] S32, execute step S31 for n-2 times in a loop, and calculate the corresponding magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 are recorded and stored respectively.

[0048] (III) Beneficial effects

[0049] The tool wear monitoring system and tool wear measurement method provided by the present invention fill the gap in the prior art.

[0050] The present invention provides a tool wear monitoring system, which has multiple groups of magnets stacked up, and the multiple groups of magnets are contact-connected with Hall sensors. The multiple groups of magnets are independent of the Hall sensors, which can effectively avoid the influence of harsh environments such as high pressure, mud and water on the excavation surface on the monitoring circuit of the Hall sensor; the Hall sensor is a magnetic induction intensity detector, which is used to detect the total magnetic induction intensity of multiple groups of magnets in real time.

[0051] The present invention places multiple sets of magnets in the insertion holes of the tool, and the multiple sets of magnets wear synchronously with the tool, so that the total magnetic induction intensity detected by the Hall sensor changes. The controller changes the total magnetic field intensity B according to the total magnetic field intensity B. 总 Calculate the tool wear M and replace the tool in time when it reaches the preset limit wear. This can effectively avoid chain damage to other tools. At the same time, it can effectively avoid the risk of personnel entering the warehouse for maintenance and improve the shield excavation efficiency.

[0052] The present invention also provides a tool wear measurement method for the above-mentioned tool wear monitoring system. The range of the tool wear M can be measured by the above-mentioned method. When the tool wear M is within the preset limit wear range, the machine is shut down for inspection or replacement. Compared with the shutdown inspection method, the tool wear measurement method of the present invention does not require frequent opening of the warehouse for inspection, thereby shortening the construction period and improving construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tool wear monitoring system and the tool according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a simplified structural diagram of the tool wear monitoring system of an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic induction principle of the tool wear monitoring system of the embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a structural framework diagram of the tool wear monitoring system of the embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of a tool wear measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a flow chart for calculating the total magnetic induction intensity in the tool wear measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Reference numerals:

[0061] 1. Tool; 2. Shell;

[0062] 3. substrate; 31. first end; 32. second end; 33. cavity;

[0063] 4. Magnet; 5. Hall sensor; 6. Wire array;

[0064] 7. first connecting member; 71. flange; 72. connecting bolt;

[0065] 8. Second connecting member; 81. Cylinder; 82. Magnetic plate;

[0066] 9, terminal block; 91, male terminal; 92, female terminal;

[0067] 10. Information transmission module; 11. Power module;

[0068] 12. Information collection module; 121. Voltage meter; 122. Ampere meter; 123. Voltage dividing resistor;

[0069] 13. Controller; 131. Data processing module; 132. Data identification module.

[0070] 14. Cushion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the preferred embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0072] Based on the above problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a tool wear monitoring system and a tool wear measurement method.

[0073] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figures 1 to 3As shown, the tool wear monitoring system is used to monitor the wear of the tool 1 in real time, and specifically includes a housing 2, a base 3, multiple groups of magnets 4 and a controller 13.

[0074] Among them, a through hole is provided in the tool 1, and the through hole extends from the root of the tool 1 to the blade direction, and does not penetrate the tool 1. The shell 2 is connected to the root of the tool 1, and is used to fix the monitoring system on the tool 1. The base 3 is inserted into the insertion hole, and its first end 31 is connected to the shell 2. A cavity 33 is also provided in the base 3, and a Hall sensor 5 is provided in the cavity 33. Multiple groups of magnets 4 are stacked in the insertion hole, and the bottom is connected to the second end 32 of the base 3. The multiple groups of magnets 4 are electromagnetically connected to the Hall sensor 5 respectively, and the Hall sensor 5 is electrically connected to the controller 13. The Hall sensor 5 is used to detect the total magnetic induction intensity B generated by the multiple groups of magnets 4 at the location of the Hall sensor 5. 总 When the tool 1 is worn, the multiple sets of magnets 4 are worn synchronously with the tool 1, and the total magnetic induction intensity B detected by the Hall sensor 5 is 总 The controller 13 changes according to the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The wear amount of tool 1 is calculated based on the change in the wear amount of tool 1. When the wear amount of tool 1 reaches the preset limit wear amount, the staff is reminded to stop the machine for maintenance or replacement.

[0075] Here, the through hole is a cylindrical cavity, and the corresponding base 3 and magnet 4 are also cylindrical and coaxially arranged with the through hole. A certain gap is left between the base 3 and the magnet 4 and the through hole to facilitate the installation and removal of the base 3 and the magnet 4.

[0076] Secondly, the through hole is only used to accommodate the base 3 and the magnet 4, so that its volume is small. Compared with the resistance monitoring method in which several resistors are placed in the tool body, the volume of the cavity hollowed out in the tool 1 in this embodiment is smaller, which does not affect the strength of the tool 11.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, the monitoring system provided in this embodiment is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. By stacking multiple groups of magnets 4, when the tool 1 is worn, the multiple groups of magnets 4 are worn synchronously from top to bottom in sequence. After wear, the magnetic flux of the magnets 4 passing through the Hall sensor 5 changes, thereby changing the total magnetic induction intensity detected by the Hall sensor 5. The controller 13 calculates the wear amount M of the tool 1 according to the change in the total magnetic induction intensity, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the wear condition of the tool 1.

[0078] Among them, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, any group of magnets 4 includes N-level and S-level, the directions of the N-level and S-level of the stacked groups of magnets 4 are consistent, and two adjacent groups of magnets 4 are viscously connected.

[0079] It can be understood that, in this embodiment, by arranging the magnetic pole directions of the multiple groups of magnets 4 in the same manner and utilizing the magnetic field superposition principle, when any group of the multiple groups of magnets 4 is worn, the magnetic flux passing through the Hall sensor 5 will change, thereby causing the total magnetic induction intensity B detected by the Hall sensor 5 to change. 总 changes to achieve the purpose of real-time monitoring.

[0080] In some feasible embodiments, the second end 32 of the base 3 is provided with a second connecting member 8, and the plurality of groups of magnets 4 are detachably connected to the second connecting member 8. Here, the detachable connection between the magnets 4 and the second connecting member 8 is intended to facilitate the replacement of the magnets 4, because the magnets 4 are consumables and need to be replaced synchronously with the worn tool 1.

[0081] In one example, the second connecting member 8 is a cylinder 81 with an upper opening, and the cylinder 81 is fixedly connected to the second end 32 of the base 3. A magnetic plate 82 is provided in the cylinder 81, and the magnetic plate 82 is magnetic and can be magnetically connected to iron products or magnetic objects. The magnet 4 is placed in the cylinder 81 and is magnetically attracted to the magnetic plate 82. The magnetic connection between the magnet 4 and the magnetic plate 82 facilitates the replacement of the magnet 4, which is convenient and quick. At the same time, the tube wall of the cylinder 81 can also limit the multiple groups of magnets 4 connected by adhesive connection to prevent the magnet 4 from tipping over when it is worn.

[0082] In this embodiment, the first end 31 of the base 3 is connected to the housing 2 through the first connecting member 7, and the first connecting member 7 specifically includes a flange 71 and a connecting bolt 72. The flange 71 is provided at the first end 31 of the base 3, and a plurality of through holes are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the flange 71. The number and specification of the connecting bolts 72 are adapted to the number and size of the through holes, and threaded holes adapted to the through holes are correspondingly provided on the upper end surface of the housing 2. When the base 3 is connected to the housing 2, the connecting bolt 72 passes through the through hole and is screwed into the threaded hole of the housing 2 to connect the base 3 to the housing 2.

[0083] Here, the base 3 and the housing 2 are connected in a detachable manner, so as to facilitate the disassembly, assembly and maintenance of the Hall sensor 5 in the base 3 .

[0084] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, an information transmission module 10 and a power module 11 are further provided in the housing 2 . The Hall sensor 5 is electrically connected to the power module 11 via a wire row 6 . The power module 11 is used to supply power to the Hall sensor 5 .

[0085] The Hall sensor 5 is electrically connected to the information transmission module 10 through the wire row 6, and the information transmission module 10 is electrically connected to the controller 13 through wireless transmission. The information transmission module 10 is used to transmit the total magnetic induction intensity detected by the Hall sensor 5 to the controller 13.

[0086] An information acquisition module 10 is also provided in the housing 2 , and the information acquisition module 10 is electrically connected to the Hall sensor 5 and the information transmission module 10 respectively.

[0087] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the information acquisition module 10 includes a voltmeter 121 and an ammeter 122. The voltmeter 121 is connected in parallel with the Hall sensor 5 to detect the terminal voltage U of the Hall sensor 5. The ammeter 122 and the voltage-dividing resistor 123 are connected in series with the Hall sensor 5 to form a detection loop. The ammeter 122 is used to detect the current I of the loop. The information transmission module 10 is used to transmit the collected terminal voltage U and current I to the controller 13.

[0088] The Hall sensor 5 is a magnetic sensor made of semiconductor material in the shape of a rectangular sheet with a thickness of h and a Hall coefficient of R. H When it is placed in a magnetic field, that is, in the magnetic field of multiple groups of magnets 4, the magnetic flux lines of multiple groups of magnets 4 pass through the semiconductor, generating induced charges on the semiconductor, forming a potential difference, and its output signal is voltage. The voltage U detected by the voltmeter 121 is the induced voltage generated by the Hall sensor 5 in the magnetic field of multiple groups of magnets 4.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 13 is disposed on the shield machine host, and specifically includes a data processing module 131, on which the thickness H of the Hall sensor 5 and the Hall coefficient R are preset. H , and the total magnetic field strength B 总 The calculation formula The data processing module 131 can calculate the total magnetic induction intensity B according to the received terminal voltage U and current I. 总 size.

[0090] Furthermore, the controller 13 is also provided with a data identification module 132, which is electrically connected to the data processing module 131 and is used to receive the total magnetic induction intensity B transmitted by the data processing module 131. 总 The data identification module 132 is preset with multiple magnetic induction intensities B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1, where B n-1 , B n-2 , .......B1 respectively correspond to the magnetic induction intensity of the remaining magnets 4 after removing one group of magnets 4 in sequence. The data identification module receives the total induction intensity B 总 With the pre-stored magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 respectively, and determine the total magnetic induction intensity B 总If it is within the range of the values ​​of two adjacent sets of pre-stored magnetic induction intensities, it means that the tool 1 has been worn to this extent, and the corresponding number of magnets 4 is the wear quantity n1 of magnets 4. The data identification module then transmits the wear quantity n1 of magnets 4 to the data processing module 131, and the data module determines that the range of the wear quantity M of tool 1 is D+(n1-1)d to D+n1*d according to the calculation formula of the wear quantity M of tool 1 M=D+n1*d.

[0091] It should be noted here that the magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 is obtained by using the tool 1 wear monitoring system in the laboratory test and then pre-stored in the data determination module 132.

[0092] During the laboratory test, multiple groups of magnets 4 are stacked together, and two adjacent groups of magnets 4 do not need to be bonded. Then, one group of magnets 4 is manually removed in turn. It is assumed that the removed magnets 4 are completely worn out. The measured magnetic induction intensity is the magnetic induction intensity B. n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1.

[0093] However, in actual operation, the magnet 4 cannot be completely worn out, so the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 It should be in magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 between two adjacent values. Therefore, according to the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 With magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 After comparing, the number n1 of magnet 4 wear is determined, and when the wear amount M of tool 1 is calculated based on the number n1 of magnet 4 wear, the actual wear amount M of tool 1 should be between D+(n1-1)d and D+n1*d.

[0094] Finally, the data identification module 132 compares the wear amount M of the tool 1 with the preset limit wear amount of the tool 1. If they are close to or the same, the staff is reminded to shut down the machine for inspection or replacement.

[0095] In this embodiment, for ease of disassembly and assembly, the line bar 6 is connected to the information transmission module 10, the power module 11 and the information acquisition module 10 in the housing 2 through the wiring terminal 9. The wiring terminal 9 specifically includes a male end 91 and a female end 92 (not shown in the figure) that are plugged into each other. The male end 91 is arranged at the end of the line bar 6 away from the Hall sensor 5, and the female end 92 is arranged on the upper end surface of the housing 2. The female end 92 is then connected to the information transmission module 10 and the power module 11 through a wiring harness. By plugging the male end 91 and the female end 92 of the wiring terminal 9, the electrical connection between the Hall sensor 5 and the information transmission module 10, the power module 11 and the information adoption module can be realized.

[0096] Furthermore, a buffer pad 14 is provided on the end face of the shell 2 close to the tool 1, and a square hole is provided on the buffer pad 14, the size of which is adapted to the female end 92 of the terminal 9. The female end 92 of the terminal 9 is respectively placed in a plurality of square holes, and the female end 92 at least partially protrudes from the surface of the buffer pad 14.

[0097] Here, the housing 2 is connected to the tool 1 by bolts, and the buffer pad 14 is compressed during connection, which can prevent friction damage between the housing 2 and the tool 1. At the same time, the buffer pad 14 also serves as a protective cover for the female end 92 of the terminal 9, which can prevent the female end 92 from being damaged by collision and affecting conductivity.

[0098] In the disclosed embodiment, since the shell 2 and the base 3 are reusable, the power module 11 is preferably a charging power supply, and a charging interface is correspondingly provided on the shell 2, and the charging interface is electrically connected to the power module 11, and is used for an external power supply to charge the charging power supply. When the power of the charging power supply is exhausted, the charging power supply can be charged in time through the charging interface to meet the reuse requirements of the shell 2. Compared with the battery, the monitoring system of this embodiment is placed in the shield machine, and when the charging power circuit is insufficient, it is charged in time without replacement, and has a long service life, which can save replacement time, thereby improving the monitoring efficiency.

[0099] The above is the specific structure of the tool 1 wear monitoring system of this embodiment. The electromagnetic monitoring method is used to monitor the wear amount of the tool 1 in real time. By placing multiple groups of magnets 4 in the insertion holes of the tool 1, the magnets 4 wear synchronously with the tool 1. By using the magnetic field superposition principle and the Hall effect principle, the wear amount M of the tool 1 is monitored by monitoring the change in the total magnetic induction intensity of the multiple groups of magnets 4 after wear.

[0100] Secondly, the monitoring system realizes intelligent and real-time monitoring of the tool 1 by setting up the information collection module 10, the information transmission module 10, and the controller 13. When it is detected that the wear amount M of the tool 1 is close to the limit wear amount, the tool 1 is shut down for maintenance or replacement in time to avoid wear of other tools 1 due to untimely replacement, thereby ensuring construction efficiency. At the same time, it can effectively avoid the risk of personnel entering the warehouse for maintenance and improve the shield excavation efficiency.

[0101] Based on the above tool wear monitoring system, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment also provides a method for measuring the wear of a tool 1, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0102] S10: setting the number of magnets stacked in the insertion hole to n, the thickness of each magnet to d, and the distance from the top magnet to the tip of the blade to D;

[0103] S20: Obtain the total magnetic induction intensity B generated by the remaining magnet at the Hall sensor after the tool and part of the magnet are actually worn. 总 ;

[0104] Among them, the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The calculation process includes the following steps:

[0105] S21: Preset the thickness of the Hall sensor to h and the Hall coefficient to R H ;

[0106] S22: Get the current I of the detection circuit and the terminal voltage U of the Hall sensor, based on the total magnetic field strength B 总 The calculation formula Calculate the total magnetic field strength B after wear 总 ;

[0107] It should be noted here that the total magnetic field strength B 总 The calculation formula It is calculated by the Hall formula Deduced.

[0108] S30: The total magnetic induction intensity B 总 Respectively with the preset magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 for comparison to determine the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 range, and according to the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The range determines the magnet wear quantity n1;

[0109] Among them, the magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 is the magnitude of the magnetic induction intensity generated by the remaining magnets at the Hall sensor position after n magnets are worn out one by one from top to bottom. It is measured by experiment. The test process includes the following steps:

[0110] S31: Remove the top set of magnets and calculate the magnetic induction intensity B of the remaining magnets according to step S20 n-1 ;

[0111] S32: Execute step S31 for n-2 times in a loop, and calculate the corresponding magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 are recorded and stored respectively.

[0112] It is understandable that when determining the magnet wear amount n1, the total magnetic induction intensity B is first determined. 总 The preset adjacent magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2,.......B1 range, for example, when the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 In B n-1 and B n-2 When it is within the range, it means that the second group of magnets from top to bottom are worn, and the magnet wear quantity n1 is 2.

[0113] S40: Based on the magnet wear number n1, the thickness d of each magnet and the distance D from the top magnet to the blade tip, the tool wear amount M is calculated to range from D+(n1-1)d to D+n1*d.

[0114] Here, the tool wear amount M is an interval value, because according to the magnet wear amount n1 determined in step S30, it is assumed that the magnets are completely worn, but the actual situation is that this group of magnets is not completely worn, so the tool wear amount M is in the range of D+(n1-1)d to D+n1*d.

[0115] Based on the above method, the range of tool wear M can be calculated. When judging, the range of tool wear M is compared with the preset limit wear. When the tool wear M is close to or equal to the limit wear, it is determined that the tool needs to be shut down for maintenance or replacement. Compared with the shutdown maintenance method, it can effectively avoid the risk of personnel entering the warehouse for maintenance and improve the efficiency of shield tunneling.

[0116] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which are all covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool wear monitoring system for real-time monitoring of tool wear, characterized in that: The tool is provided with an insertion hole, the insertion hole extends from the root of the tool toward the blade and does not penetrate the tool, and the monitoring system includes: A housing, used to be connected to the root of the tool; A base body is arranged in the insertion hole, a first end of which is connected to the shell, a cavity is arranged in the base body, and a Hall sensor is arranged in the cavity; Magnets, a plurality of stacked groups of magnets are placed in the insertion holes, and the bottoms are connected to the second end of the base; The multiple groups of magnets are respectively connected to the Hall sensor in a contact manner, and the multiple groups of magnets are independent of the Hall sensor. The Hall sensor is used to detect the total magnetic induction intensity B generated by the multiple groups of magnets at the Hall sensor position. 总 ; A controller is electrically connected to the Hall sensor and is used to receive the total magnetic induction intensity B detected by the Hall sensor. 总 ; When the tool is worn, the multiple groups of magnets wear synchronously, and the total magnetic induction intensity B detected by the Hall sensor 总 changes, the controller is used to change according to the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The tool wear amount M is calculated based on the change in 2. The tool wear monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two adjacent groups of magnets are viscously connected; Any group of the magnets includes an N pole and an S pole, and the N poles and the S poles of the stacked groups of the magnets are in the same direction.

3. The tool wear monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second connecting member is provided at the second end of the base, and a plurality of groups of magnets are connected to the second connecting member; The second connecting member includes a cylinder, a magnetic attraction plate is arranged in the cylinder, a plurality of groups of magnets are placed in the cylinder, and a bottom is magnetically connected to the magnetic attraction plate.

4. The tool wear monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first connecting piece is provided at the first end of the base, and the base is connected to the shell through the first connecting piece; The first connecting member comprises: A flange is provided at the first end of the base, and a plurality of through holes are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the flange; The number of connecting bolts matches the number of the through holes, and the connecting bolts can pass through the through holes and be screwed into the threaded holes of the shell to connect the base with the shell.

5. The tool wear monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wire row of the Hall sensor is connected to the information transmission module and the power module in the housing through the wiring terminal, and the power module is used to supply power to the Hall sensor; The information module is also electrically connected to the controller, and is used to transmit the total magnetic field strength detected by the Hall sensor to the controller; Wherein, the electrical connector comprises: A male end, provided at an end of the electrical connection line away from the Hall sensor; The female end is arranged on the upper end surface of the shell, is electrically connected to the information transmission module and the power module, and is plugged into the male end.

6. The tool wear monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The output signal of the Hall sensor is voltage, and a voltmeter, an ammeter and a voltage-dividing resistor are also provided in the housing; The voltmeter is connected in parallel with the Hall sensor and is used to detect the terminal voltage U of the Hall sensor; The ammeter and the voltage-dividing resistor are connected in series with the Hall sensor to form a detection loop, and the ammeter is used to detect the current I of the detection loop.

7. The tool wear monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The controller includes a data processing module and a data identification module; The data processing module is electrically connected to the information transmission module, and is used to receive the voltage U and the current I transmitted by the information transmission module; The data processing module is also used to calculate the Hall sensor thickness H and Hall coefficient R according to the terminal voltage U, the current I, the Hall sensor thickness H and the Hall coefficient R H , according to the formula Calculate the total magnetic induction intensity B of the multiple groups of magnets after wear 总 ; The data identification module is electrically connected to the data processing module and is used to receive the total magnetic induction intensity B transmitted by the data processing module. 总 , and the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 With the preset magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 is compared to determine the magnet wear amount n1; The data identification module then transmits the magnet wear quantity n1 to the data processing module, and the data processing module calculates the wear quantity M of the tool in the range of D+(n1-1)d to D+n1*d according to the magnet wear quantity n1.

8. A method for measuring tool wear, based on the tool wear monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S10: setting the number of magnets stacked in the insertion hole to n, the thickness of each group of magnets to d, and the distance from the topmost magnet to the tip of the blade to D; S20: Obtain the total magnetic induction intensity B of the remaining magnet after the tool and the magnet are worn. 总 ; S30: The total magnetic induction intensity B 总 With the preset magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 for comparison to determine the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 range, and according to the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The range of the magnet wear quantity n1 is determined; S40: According to the magnet wear number n1, the thickness d of each group of magnets and the distance D from the top magnet to the blade tip, the tool wear amount M is calculated to range from D+(n1-1)d to D+n1*d.

9. The tool wear measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S20: Obtaining the total magnetic induction intensity B of the remaining magnet after the tool and the magnet are worn. 总 The total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The calculation method includes the following steps: S21: Get the thickness of the Hall sensor as h and the Hall coefficient as R H ; S22: Obtain the current I of the detection circuit and the terminal voltage U of the Hall sensor according to the formula Calculate the total magnetic field strength B 总 .

10. The tool wear measurement method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step S30: The total magnetic induction intensity B 总 With the preset magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 for comparison to determine the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 range, and according to the total magnetic induction intensity B 总 The range of the magnet wear number n1 is determined by the B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 is measured by the laboratory, and the test method includes the following steps: S31, remove the top group of magnets, and calculate the magnetic induction intensity B of the remaining magnets according to step S20 n-1 ; S32, execute step S31 in a loop for n-2 times, and calculate the corresponding magnetic induction intensity B n-1 , B n-2 ,.......B1 are recorded and stored respectively.

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