Apparatus and method for quantitative monitoring of soil erosion for production construction projects

Abstract

The present application relates to soil erosion monitoring technology, and is a soil erosion quantitative monitoring device and method for production construction projects. The device comprises a controller, a main support and a foot cup fixing frame. The main support comprises a top support, a vertical support and a "H" shaped support, which is installed on a ditch or a channel through the "H" shaped support and the foot cup fixing frame. The top support is connected to the upper part of the vertical support. The vertical support is slotted to form a wire track, and a lead screw is arranged on the wire track. A stepper motor and a front fixed plate are installed on the upper part of the lead screw, and a sliding block is installed on the lead screw. A motor support is fixed on the sliding block, and a deceleration stepper motor is fixed on the motor support. A suspension rod is hung on the motor support, and a turbidity sensor is installed on the rod. The controller controls the suspension height of the rod through the stepper motor, and controls the rotation of the rod through the deceleration stepper motor when there is an obstacle in the channel where the monitoring device works. The present application is suitable for different sizes of drainage channels, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of soil erosion quantitative monitoring of production construction projects.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to soil and water loss monitoring technology, in particular to a soil and water loss quantitative monitoring device and method for a production construction project. BACKGROUND

[0002] How to scientifically, quickly and accurately measure the cumulative amount of soil and water loss of a production construction project during a rainfall process, and timely and effectively warn of soil and water loss problems has become increasingly critical.

[0003] Traditional monitoring methods mainly include mathematical model method, analogy method, field test method, empirical estimation method and erosion ratio method, etc. These methods are limited by long time period, complex measurement process, high labor cost, and are easily affected by adverse conditions under heavy rainfall, and do not have wide applicability and sustainable development, which has always been a short board of supervision and monitoring.

[0004] The traditional soil and water loss monitoring method of a production construction project uses a bucket to sample at a certain monitoring point (or establishes a multi-point sand trap), needs to wait for the stratification of the sand and water in the bucket (sand trap) to be static, pours off (drains) the surface water layer, leaves the wet sand at the bottom of the bucket (pool), and calculates the soil and water loss amount by the drying and weighing method (further measures the deposition height in the pool). Then, the soil and water loss amount of the entire project area is obtained by fitting the spatial distribution of each monitoring point. The data timeliness and accuracy of the measurement are not high.

[0005] In addition, in the traditional flow measurement method, on the one hand, a measuring device is made through the operation steps of constructing a monitoring point, sampling, being static, a centrifugal pump, drying, weighing, etc. The measuring device is large and heavy, and the installation and disassembly and cleaning are relatively time-consuming and laborious, the operation is complex, and the timeliness is relatively poor. On the other hand, the selection of the monitoring point is not necessarily representative, the error of manual sampling and operation is uncontrollable, and the fitted result data has certain constraints, which reduces the measurement accuracy.

[0006] Therefore, how to develop a soil and water loss quantitative monitoring device that is fast, portable, easy to operate, and affordable for measuring is crucial for accurate calculation of the soil and water loss amount of a production construction project, and provides key data support for timely prevention and control of the project. SUMMARY

[0007] In order to solve the problems of poor data timeliness and low accuracy in the soil and water loss monitoring of a production construction project in the prior art, the present application provides a soil and water loss quantitative monitoring device and method for a production construction project, which uses multi-point and layered quantitative information integration to complete the data collection of soil and water loss amount monitoring during a rainfall process, improves the data real-time and measurement accuracy, and can be widely applied to different locations of a drainage ditch and channel section of different production construction projects for soil and water loss measurement.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present invention, a quantitative monitoring device for soil and water loss in production and construction projects includes a controller, a main support and a foot cup fixing frame. The main support includes a top support, a vertical support and an "I"-shaped support. The vertical support is connected to the top support and the "I"-shaped support respectively. The main support is installed on the ditch through the "I"-shaped support and the foot cup fixing frame.

[0009] The top support is equipped with a rainwater collection tank and a solenoid valve;

[0010] The vertical support is connected to the top support at the top and an ultrasonic level gauge is installed at the bottom. The vertical support has slots to form a linear guide, and a lead screw is installed on the linear guide. The vertical support is fixed to the lead screw by a coupling and kept parallel. A stepper motor and a front fixing plate are installed above the lead screw, and a rear fixing plate is installed below it. A slider is installed on the lead screw. A motor bracket is fixed on the slider, and a reduction stepper motor is fixed on the motor bracket. A rod is suspended on the motor bracket, and a turbidity sensor is installed on the rod.

[0011] The controller controls the suspension height of the rod via a stepper motor; when there is an obstacle in the channel through which the monitoring device operates, the controller controls the rotation of the rod via a decelerated stepper motor.

[0012] Preferably, the channel depth at which the monitoring device operates is H0;

[0013] The turbidity sensor includes a first turbidity sensor, a second turbidity sensor, and a third turbidity sensor;

[0014] The controller controls the suspension height of the rods via a stepper motor, so that the center position of the first turbidity sensor is 0.1H0 to 0.3H0 from the bottom of the channel, the center position of the third turbidity sensor is 0.2H0 to 0.3H0 from the top of the channel, and the center position of the second turbidity sensor, which is between the first and third turbidity sensors, is set at a distance of 0.5H0 from the top of the channel.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for quantitative monitoring of soil erosion in production and construction projects, based on the aforementioned monitoring device, includes the following steps:

[0016] The rod and turbidity sensor are moved vertically by a stepper motor, lead screw and slider, so that each turbidity sensor is located at a different water depth in the channel;

[0017] Based on the data detected by the turbidity sensor and the ultrasonic level gauge, the cumulative amount of sediment content per unit volume of water-passing cross section and the cumulative amount of soil erosion during each rainfall event are calculated.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects achieved by the present invention include:

[0019] 1、The monitoring device of the application has a novel and unique structure, adopts multi-point and layered quantitative information integration to complete data collection and transmission of soil and water loss amount monitoring during rainfall process, and realizes display and monitoring of the mobile control terminal; only by correctly installing the device above the corresponding monitoring drainage ditch or channel, online quantitative and real-time monitoring of soil and water loss amount in the project area and key monitoring area (high and steep slope, important catchment section) can be realized. The device has higher timeliness and measurement accuracy than the existing related soil and water loss monitoring equipment, and is a soil and water loss quantitative monitoring device for projects, which has uniqueness and uniqueness.

[0020] 2、The monitoring device has simple structure, low power consumption, is convenient to carry, has low installation cost, strong real-time data, can realize long-distance transmission of data, and can be widely applied to soil and water loss amount measurement work in different positions of drainage ditches and channel sections of different production and construction projects; further, it can lay a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on soil and water loss in farmland, river channel and irrigation area, has certain popularization value, and combined with rainfall monitoring data of the device, can provide certain data basis for soil and water loss early warning in later period.

[0021] 3、The monitoring device can be installed at the channel at the catchment outlet of the project area (or the key monitoring point of the project area), directly measures the unit volume of sediment concentration through different height turbidity sensors, calculates the sediment content through different channel water depth mathematical formula, combines the section rainfall duration and flow, and can obtain the soil and water loss amount weight in the catchment area after rainfall, and the measuring rod part can be customized according to different types of channels to adapt to soil and water loss quantitative monitoring of the project drainage channel, and ensure the overall specification and precision of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the soil and water loss quantitative monitoring device in the embodiment of the application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a side view of the soil and water loss quantitative monitoring device in the embodiment of the application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional channel installation schematic view of the soil and water loss quantitative monitoring device in the embodiment of the application;

[0025] Figure 4 is a turbidity sensor position installation schematic view in the embodiment of the application;

[0026] Figure 5 is a control block diagram of the monitoring device in the embodiment of the application;

[0027] In the diagram, 1: Rainwater collection tank; 2: Solenoid valve; 3: Stepper motor; 4: Front fixing plate; 5: Coupling; 6: Angle bracket; 7: Main support; 8: Geared stepper motor; 9: Rear fixing plate; 10: Stainless steel pipe; 11: Turbidity sensor; 12: Cross joint; 13: Controller; 14: Motor bracket; 15: Slider; 16: Ultrasonic level gauge; 17: Linear rail; 18: Adjustable feet; 19: Feet fixing bracket; 20: Lead screw; 21: Solar panel bracket; 22: Solar panel; 23: Mobile display terminal; 24: Support base. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement the monitoring device and method of the present invention, and can use the technical solution of the present invention to measure the amount of soil and water loss of different projects and different specifications of drainage ditches within a certain period of time and realize wireless data transmission and real-time display and monitoring.

[0029] Example

[0030] This embodiment provides a quantitative monitoring device for soil and water loss in production and construction projects. (See also...) Figures 1-3 The system includes a main support frame 7 and a foot cup fixing bracket 19. The main support frame includes a top support frame, a vertical support frame, and an "I"-shaped support frame. The vertical support frame is connected to the top support frame and the "I"-shaped support frame. The main support frame is installed on the ditch via the "I"-shaped support frame and the foot cup fixing bracket. In this embodiment, the main support frame is made of European standard 2040 aluminum profile and is assembled using corner brackets 6.

[0031] One end of the top bracket is secured to the solar panel 22 via a solar bracket 21, and the other end is fitted with a rainwater collection tank 1 and a solenoid valve 2. A controller 13 is mounted on the I-shaped bracket, which is connected to a mobile display terminal 23 for data acquisition and control. The I-shaped bracket is installed on the ditch via a foot cup mounting bracket 19.

[0032] The vertical support is connected to the top support at the top, and an ultrasonic level gauge 16 is installed at the bottom. The vertical support has slots forming a linear guide 17, on which a lead screw 20 is mounted. The vertical support is fixed to the lead screw 20 via a coupling 5 and kept parallel. A stepper motor 3 and a front fixing plate 4 are installed above the lead screw, and a rear fixing plate 9 is installed below it. A slider 15 is mounted on the lead screw. A motor bracket 14 is fixed to the slider 15, and a reduction stepper motor 8 is fixed to the motor bracket 14. One end of a stainless steel tube 10 (i.e., a rod) is suspended and fixed to the motor bracket 14 via a cross joint 12. A turbidity sensor 11 is mounted on the stainless steel tube. In this embodiment, the number of turbidity sensors is set to three.

[0033] In this embodiment, the rear fixed plate 9 is located at the bottom of the screw rod, the ultrasonic liquid level meter 16 is located at the bottom of the vertical support, and the slider 15 and the reduction stepper motor 8 are arranged horizontally on the motor support 14.

[0034] The front and rear fixed plates, angle codes, screw rods, cross joints, etc. of this embodiment are all made of stainless steel, and the supports, linear rails, and sliders are made of aluminum alloy. On the one hand, the corrosion in mixed water is reduced, and on the other hand, no deformation occurs during measurement, ensuring the accuracy of the position, and the measured data of water and soil loss is representative and accurate. At the same time, the main support of the assembled aluminum profile is used to fix the solar cell panel and the rainwater collecting barrel, and stable installation is achieved; the ultrasonic liquid level meter is installed at the bottom of the vertical support of the aluminum profile to measure the water level, and the inside of the vertical support of the aluminum profile is grooved to install the screw rod; a stainless steel pipe is fixed below the screw rod to extend into the inside of the drainage ditch or channel, and the turbidity sensor is fixed on the stainless steel pipe to measure the sediment concentration at the corresponding position.

[0035] After the monitoring device is installed, the measurement can be started; the measured data is transmitted to the mobile display terminal 23 through the controller 13, and historical data can be stored and real-time data can be displayed on the mobile display terminal; after the measurement is completed, the device can be easily carried and transported over a long distance through the foot cup fixing frame dismounting device.

[0036] In order to obtain the rainfall data and time length of each event, an electromagnetic valve 2 is installed at the bottom of the rainwater collecting barrel 1 to control the rainfall of each event and calculate the time length of each event. Under normal circumstances, the water body or water volume of the drainage channel is determined by the construction intensity and the rainfall, and the water level in the channel is also dynamically changing. In order to make the device more applicable, the stepper motor 3 drives the sediment measuring component (mainly including the stainless steel pipe 10 and the turbidity sensor 11) to move up and down in the vertical direction through the slider 15, and the stepper motor has high accuracy, which can make each turbidity sensor move to the specified or typical position to carry out turbidity measurement, greatly improving the measurement accuracy of the device. Combined with the installation and layout characteristics of the turbidity, accurate measurement of the sediment concentration of the cross section under different water levels is realized.

[0037] The device measures the sediment content of the corresponding points online through the staggered and equally spaced (vertical distance) and longitudinally arranged stainless steel pipes, and calculates the water and soil loss of the corresponding area.

[0038] The device is provided with one water level measuring sensor and three layer sediment content measuring sensors, i.e. one ultrasonic liquid level meter and three turbidity sensors, and the three turbidity sensors are fixed on one stainless steel pipe, and the length of the stainless steel pipe can be customized according to the depth H0 of the channel.

[0039] As Figure 4As shown, first, the first turbidity sensor 11-1 close to the channel bottom, considering the channel bottom will have sediment and / or soil accumulation, affecting the accuracy and safety of the sensor itself, the center position of the first turbidity sensor is set to 0.1H0~0.3H0 from the channel bottom, which can avoid such problems; second, the third turbidity sensor 11-3 close to the channel top, considering that the distribution of sediment particles in the vertical direction from the bottom to the surface is getting less and less, combined with years of field investigation and testing, it is almost impossible to measure the surface sediment within a certain range, and there is no accurate sensor for measuring surface sediment, in order to ensure that the sensor can effectively measure the concentration of sediment in the water and ensure its availability and accuracy, the center position of the third turbidity sensor is set to 0.2H0~0.3H0 from the channel top, which can meet the effective measurement accuracy of the sensor; in addition, in order to ensure that the adjacent sensors can play the maximum measurement role, the center position of the second turbidity sensor 11-2 between the first turbidity sensor and the third turbidity sensor is set to 0.5H0 from the channel top.

[0040] As shown in the Figure 5 The monitoring device also includes a controller. The controller includes a microprocessor, and a driving module, a motor driving module, a soil and water loss amount calculation module, a 485 driving module and a Bluetooth driving module connected with the microprocessor respectively; wherein the driving module is connected with the ultrasonic liquid level meter, the motor driving module is connected with the stepping motor and the speed reduction stepping motor respectively, the Bluetooth driving module is connected with the mobile terminal, and the 485 driving module is provided with three and connected with the three turbidity sensors. The microprocessor controls the suspension height of the stainless steel pipe through the stepping motor, and controls the rotation angle of the stainless steel pipe through the speed reduction stepping motor.

[0041] Therefore, in the present embodiment, the length of the stainless steel pipe 10 and the freely adjustable setting of the turbidity sensor position greatly improve the practicality of the device in different measurement environments, and can realize data monitoring and transmission of a single project with the same set of specifications, ensuring consistent measurement reference and reducing measurement accidental errors. At the same time, the speed reduction stepping motor realizes the obstacle avoidance of the stainless steel pipe to the foreign matter in the channel.

[0042] The present embodiment also provides a method for producing a construction project soil and water loss quantitative monitoring method, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1, the stainless steel pipe 10 and the turbidity sensor 11 are moved in the vertical direction through the stepping motor 3, the screw rod 20 and the sliding block 15, so that each turbidity sensor is located at a different water level depth position in the channel.

[0044] The deceleration stepper motor 8, the stainless steel pipe 10 and the turbidity sensor 11 are the core measuring components of the monitoring device. The core measuring components of the device are arranged in the channel, and the turbidity sensor is provided with three sensors at different height positions. Thus, the core measuring components of the device can be in contact with water with different areas according to the change of the water level of the channel.

[0045] Firstly, the design of the round rod (stainless steel pipe 10) can reduce the influence on the cross-section measurement results when the water flow or the streamline changes greatly. Secondly, the turbidity sensor is embedded in the round rod as much as possible, and a small detection part is exposed, which can also reduce certain errors. In addition, the monitoring device also has the characteristics of obstacle avoidance and contraction, that is, the deceleration stepper motor 8 drives the stainless steel pipe 10 to rotate in the vertical plane, and in combination with the unique characteristics of the device, the stainless steel pipe 10 is vertically downward during measurement, and after being powered on, it will be stable at this position and remain unchanged (the deceleration stepper motor 8 applies a high-strength torque force after being powered on), so that the core measuring components can stably and safely operate under water impact. When there is an obstacle in the channel, the stainless steel pipe 10 rotates upward 0-180° under the drive of the deceleration stepper motor 8, and rotates different angles according to different obstacles, until the obstacle slides off, and then returns to the measurement position, which greatly improves the adaptability of the device to environmental changes.

[0046] In the embodiment, when the fluctuation value of the turbidity sensor is greater than the preset value, the controller determines that there is an obstacle in the channel, and starts the deceleration stepper motor to drive the stainless steel pipe to rotate to shake off the obstacle.

[0047] S2, according to the data detected by the turbidity sensor and the ultrasonic liquid level meter, the sediment content per unit volume of cross-section of overwater and the cumulative amount of water and soil loss in the field rainfall process are calculated.

[0048] The water and soil loss amount calculation module in the controller can be used for calculation.

[0049] (1) The calculation method of the sediment content N per unit volume of cross-section of overwater under different water level conditions is as follows:

[0050] When , the first turbidity sensor is in a submerged state, and N is calculated as:

[0051]

[0052] When , the first turbidity sensor and the second turbidity sensor are both in a submerged state, and N is calculated as:

[0053]

[0054] When , the first, second and third turbidity sensors are all in a submerged state, and N is calculated as:

[0055]

[0056] (2) The cumulative amount of soil erosion M during a rainfall event is the product of the sediment content N per unit volume of the cross-section under different water level conditions, the flow rate Q of the cross-section, and the timing T of the solenoid valve during a single rainfall event, i.e.:

[0057]

[0058] in, H0 is the water level height at the cross-section; B is the channel depth; H1 is the measured value of the liquid level sensor; N1, N2, and N3 are the sediment concentrations measured by the first, second, and third turbidity sensors, respectively; S1, S2, and S3 are the detection range areas of the first, second, and third turbidity sensors, respectively; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel; n is the channel roughness; i is the channel design slope; and T is the timing duration of the primary rainfall solenoid valve.

[0059] This embodiment utilizes a lead screw and stainless steel pipe to form the main support component. A rainfall data acquisition and transmission device, an ultrasonic level gauge, and a turbidity sensor are installed at the top, middle, and bottom of this main support component, respectively. Driven by a stepper motor, the slider can move freely up and down on the lead screw. A reduction stepper motor and stainless steel pipe are fixed to the slider via a reduction stepper motor bracket. Turbidity sensors are installed at different heights below the main shaft to measure the turbidity of water at different depths, ensuring the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the measurement data. The controller collects and displays the measurement data from the rainfall solenoid valve, water level sensor, and turbidity sensor. A solar panel powers the intelligent controller, ensuring data stability and real-time performance. By collecting rainfall, water level, and turbidity data at different depths, the sediment content of the water is further calculated, thus determining the cumulative soil erosion during a rainfall event. This solves the problems of cumbersome monitoring processes, numerous required measuring instruments, and poor real-time performance in large-scale production and construction projects.

[0060] This embodiment has a simple structure, can be assembled in sections, and is suitable for drainage channels of different sizes. It combines intelligent control with remote transmission, and is an efficient and accurate measurement method for quantitative monitoring of soil and water loss in large-scale production and construction projects. It is easy to install, operate, and carry.

[0061] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for quantitatively monitoring soil erosion for a construction project, characterized by, It includes a controller, a main support frame, and a foot cup fixing bracket. The main support frame includes a top support frame, a vertical support frame, and an "I"-shaped support frame. The vertical support frame is connected to the top support frame and the "I"-shaped support frame respectively. The main support frame is installed on the ditch or channel through the "I"-shaped support frame and the foot cup fixing bracket. The top support is equipped with a rainwater collection tank and a solenoid valve; The vertical support is connected to the top support at the top and an ultrasonic level gauge is installed at the bottom. The vertical support has slots to form a linear guide, and a lead screw is installed on the linear guide. The vertical support is fixed to the lead screw by a coupling and kept parallel. A stepper motor and a front fixing plate are installed above the lead screw, and a rear fixing plate is installed below it. A slider is installed on the lead screw. A motor bracket is fixed on the slider, and a reduction stepper motor is fixed on the motor bracket. A rod is suspended on the motor bracket, and multiple turbidity sensors are installed on the rod. The controller controls the suspension height of the rod via a stepper motor; when there is an obstacle in the channel where the monitoring device is operating, the controller controls the rod to rotate via a decelerated stepper motor; when the fluctuation value of the turbidity sensor is greater than a preset value, the controller determines that there is an obstacle in the channel, starts the decelerated stepper motor to drive the rod to rotate, so as to shake off the obstacle; Let the channel depth at which the monitoring device operates be H0; The turbidity sensor includes a first turbidity sensor, a second turbidity sensor, and a third turbidity sensor; The controller controls the suspension height of the rods via a stepper motor, so that the center position of the first turbidity sensor is 0.1H0 to 0.3H0 from the bottom of the channel, the center position of the third turbidity sensor is 0.2H0 to 0.3H0 from the top of the channel, and the center position of the second turbidity sensor, which is between the first and third turbidity sensors, is set at a distance of 0.5H0 from the top of the channel.

2. The device for quantitative monitoring of soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that The controller includes a microprocessor, and a drive module, a motor drive module, a soil erosion calculation module, a 485 drive module, and a Bluetooth drive module, all connected to the microprocessor. The drive module is connected to the ultrasonic level gauge, the motor drive module is connected to a stepper motor and a geared stepper motor, the Bluetooth drive module is connected to a mobile terminal, and the 485 drive module is connected to a turbidity sensor.

3. The device for quantitative monitoring of soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The "I"-shaped bracket is installed on the ditch or channel using a foot cup fixing bracket.

4. A method for the quantitative monitoring of soil erosion for the production of construction projects, characterized by, Based on the monitoring device described in claim 1, the following steps are included: The rod and turbidity sensor are moved vertically by a stepper motor, lead screw and slider, so that each turbidity sensor is located at a different water depth in the channel; Based on the data detected by the turbidity sensor and the ultrasonic level gauge, the sediment content per unit volume of the cross-section and the cumulative amount of soil erosion during each rainfall event are calculated. The calculation method for sediment content N per unit volume of cross-section under different water level conditions is as follows: When N is calculated as follows: When N is calculated as follows when both the first turbidity sensor and the second turbidity sensor are in the submerged state: When the first, second and third turbidity sensors are all in the submerged state, N is calculated as: The cumulative amount of soil erosion M during a rainfall event is the product of three factors: the sediment content N per unit volume of the cross-section under different water levels, the flow rate Q of the cross-section, and the timing T of the solenoid valve during a single rainfall event. wherein, is the water level height of the water cross section, H0 is the channel depth; B is the channel width; H1 is the measured value of the liquid level sensor; N1, N2, N3 are the measured sediment concentrations of the first turbidity sensor, the second turbidity sensor, and the third turbidity sensor, respectively; S1, S2, S3 are the detection range areas of the first turbidity sensor, the second turbidity sensor, and the third turbidity sensor, respectively; A is the channel water cross section area; and n is the channel roughness. i represents the channel design slope; T represents the timing duration of a single rainfall solenoid valve.

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