Method for determining gas outlet product for component in sealed cabin of manned spacecraft

Abstract

The invention provides a method for determining an outgassing product of a component in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating a test component to prepare a test sample; putting the test sample into a prepared closed sample container, putting the sample container into a test box, heating to 48-52 DEG C, and keeping the temperature for 71-73 hours; cooling to room temperature, sampling a gas outlet product generated by release of a test part assembly, adding a lead acetate cotton tube into a sampling tube before sampling, placing absorption liquid of the sampling tube into a 10mL colorimetric tube after sampling, fixing the volume to 10mL scale by using 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid solution, adding 0.50 mL Nessler reagent, shaking up, measuring absorbance, arranging a blank tube, and measuring the absorbance by using a standard curve. The ammonia concentration in the gas outlet product can be obtained according to the standard curve, and support can be provided for material selection and air environment control of the sealed cabin of the manned spacecraft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of detection technology, and in particular relates to a method for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft. Background Art

[0002] The sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft is a safety device that ensures people can live or work in orbit at high altitudes or in outer space. The interior is a sealed environment. To ensure safety and comfort, it is necessary to artificially create air environment conditions similar to those on the ground. The preparation and installation of the sealed cabin involves various components. Components are elements or combinations of elements. Components will inevitably release organic or inorganic gases, affecting the air environment conditions in the sealed cabin. In the sealed environment of a manned spacecraft sealed cabin, organic or inorganic gas pollutants in the air environment are toxic to a certain extent, posing a potential danger to the safety of astronauts.

[0003] Ammonia has a strong irritating effect on the oral, nasal mucosa and upper respiratory tract, and is an important indicator for occupational health monitoring. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the outgassing product ammonia of the internal components of the manned spacecraft sealed cabin to provide support for the material selection and air environment control of the manned spacecraft sealed cabin, for human toxicological risk assessment, and to ensure that the manned spacecraft sealed cabin can provide a suitable air environment for astronauts to survive in orbit and meet the requirements of aerospace medicine. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome at least one disadvantage of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a method for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft which is easy to operate and accurate.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft, the main feature of which is that the measuring method comprises:

[0006] (1) Pre-treating the test component to prepare a test sample, wherein the pre-treating includes removing components not used for flight from the test component;

[0007] (2) Place the test sample in a prepared sealed sample container, replace the gas in the sample container with the test gas, place the sample container in a test chamber, heat it to 48°C to 52°C, and maintain it for a preset time of 71 to 73 hours;

[0008] (3) Cool to room temperature, and sample the gaseous products released by the test unit assembly. Before sampling, add a quick-acting lead acetate cotton tube to the sampling tube. After sampling, place the absorption liquid in the sampling tube in a 10 mL colorimetric tube, dilute to 10 mL mark with 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid solution, add 0.50 mL of Nessler's reagent and shake well, let stand for 5 minutes, and measure the absorbance at 420 nm using a 10 mm colorimetric dish with pure water as a reference. At the same time, set a blank tube and operate it simultaneously with the sampling tube to obtain the ammonia concentration in the gaseous products according to the standard curve.

[0009] Preferably, the parts not used for flight include dust covers, tapes or test leads.

[0010] Preferably, the standard curve is drawn as follows: 0 mL, 0.10 mL, 0.30 mL, 0.50 mL, 0.70 mL, 0.90 mL and 1.20 mL of ammonia standard solution are respectively aspirated into 7 10 mL stoppered colorimetric tubes, supplemented to 10 mL with 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid solution, and then 0.50 mL of Nessler's reagent is added and shaken, and allowed to stand for 5 minutes. At 420 nm, the absorbance is determined using a 10 mm cuvette with pure water as a reference, wherein the ammonia content in the standard series is 0 μg, 2.0 μg, 6.0 μg, 10.0 μg, 14.0 μg, 18.0 μg and 24.0 μg.

[0011] Preferably, the ammonia concentration C in the outgassing product is calculated according to formula (1):

[0012]

[0013] Where:

[0014] V1——the volume of the absorption liquid in the sampling tube, in mL;

[0015] V2——total volume used for colorimetry, in mL;

[0016] m——The ammonia content found in the standard curve based on the absorbance of the sample after deducting the blank, in μg;

[0017] V0——sampling volume under standard conditions, in liters;

[0018] The sampling volume V0 under standard conditions is calculated according to formula (2):

[0019]

[0020] Where:

[0021] V0—sampling volume under standard conditions, in liters;

[0022] V—sampling volume, which is the product of sampling flow rate and sampling time, in liters;

[0023] T0—absolute temperature under standard conditions, 273K;

[0024] T is the sum of the temperature at the time of sampling and the absolute temperature of the standard state;

[0025] P0—atmospheric pressure under standard conditions, 101.3 kPa;

[0026] P—Atmospheric pressure at the time of sampling, in kilopascals.

[0027] Preferably, in the step (2), before the test sample is placed in the sample container, the test sample is cleaned and dried, weighed and labeled, wherein particles of the test sample are removed using nitrogen gas for cleaning.

[0028] Preferably, the sample container is prepared by the following method: the sample container is cleaned by heating and blown out with air or nitrogen before use, and before the test sample is placed in the sample container, the test gas is injected into the sample container and maintained at 48°C to 52°C for 71 to 73 hours, or maintained at 68°C to 72°C for 24 hours.

[0029] Preferably, the sample container comprises a gas collection interface for collecting gas samples.

[0030] Preferably, the test gas consists of oxygen and nitrogen, or oxygen and argon, and the volume percentage of oxygen is not less than (20.9±2.0)%.

[0031] Preferably, the test chamber is provided with a temperature probe.

[0032] Preferably, the ratio of the mass of the test sample to the volume of the test box is 4.75-5.25 g / L.

[0033] The method of the present invention for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft is easy to operate and has high accuracy, and can provide support for material selection and air environment control of the sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0035] The experimental methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents or consumables involved can be obtained through commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The method of measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0038] (1) Pre-treating the test unit assembly to prepare a test sample, wherein the pre-treating includes removing parts of the test unit assembly that are not used for flight, wherein the parts that are not used for flight include dust covers, tapes, or test leads, etc.;

[0039] (2) Place the test sample in a prepared sealed sample container, replace the gas in the sample container with the test gas, place the sample container in a test chamber, heat it to 50°C, and keep it for a preset time of 72 hours; before placing the test sample in the sample container, clean and dry the test sample, weigh it, and mark it, wherein the particles of the test sample are removed by nitrogen for cleaning. The mass ratio of the test sample to the volume of the test chamber is 5.00 g / L. The test chamber is provided with a temperature probe to record the temperature.

[0040] The sample container is prepared by the following method: the sample container is cleaned by heating and purged with air or nitrogen before use, and before the test sample is placed in the sample container, the test gas is injected into the sample container and maintained at 50° C. for 72 hours. The test gas is composed of oxygen and nitrogen, and the volume percentage of oxygen is 22.9%.

[0041] (3) Cooling to room temperature, which is about 25° C., and sampling the gas products released by the test unit assembly. The sample container includes a gas collection interface for collecting gas samples.

[0042] Before sampling, add a quick-acting lead acetate cotton tube into the sampling tube. After sampling, place the absorption liquid in the sampling tube into a 10mL colorimetric tube, dilute to 10mL mark with 0.005mol / L sulfuric acid solution, add 0.50mL Nessler's reagent and shake well, let stand for 5 minutes, and measure the absorbance at 420nm using a 10mm colorimetric dish with pure water as a reference. At the same time, set up a blank tube and operate it simultaneously with the sampling tube to obtain the ammonia concentration in the outgassing product according to the standard curve.

[0043] The specific preparation method of Nessler's reagent is as follows: dissolve 17g of mercuric chloride in 300mL of water; dissolve 35g of potassium iodide in 100mL of water; slowly add the former solution to the latter solution until a red precipitate is formed. Add 600mL of sodium hydroxide solution (200g / L) and the remaining mercuric chloride solution and mix well. Store in a brown plastic bottle and place in a dark place for several days. Take out the supernatant and place it in another brown plastic bottle, plug it with a rubber stopper, and store it away from light.

[0044] The standard curve is drawn as follows: 0 mL, 0.10 mL, 0.30 mL, 0.50 mL, 0.70 mL, 0.90 mL and 1.20 mL of ammonia standard solution are respectively drawn into 7 10 mL stoppered colorimetric tubes, supplemented to 10 mL with 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid solution, and then 0.50 mL of Nessler's reagent is added and shaken, and allowed to stand for 5 minutes. At 420 nm, a 10 mm cuvette is used, and pure water is used as a reference to measure the absorbance. The ammonia content in the standard series is 0 μg, 2.0 μg, 6.0 μg, 10.0 μg, 14.0 μg, 18.0 μg and 24.0 μg.

[0045] The ammonia concentration C in the outgassing product is calculated according to formula (1):

[0046]

[0047] Where:

[0048] V1——the volume of the absorption liquid in the sampling tube, in mL;

[0049] V2——total volume used for colorimetry, in mL;

[0050] m——The ammonia content found in the standard curve based on the absorbance of the sample after deducting the blank, in μg;

[0051] V0——sampling volume under standard conditions, in liters;

[0052] The sampling volume V0 under standard conditions is calculated according to formula (2):

[0053]

[0054] Where:

[0055] V0—sampling volume under standard conditions, in liters;

[0056] V—sampling volume, which is the product of sampling flow rate and sampling time, in liters;

[0057] T0—absolute temperature under standard conditions, 273K;

[0058] T is the sum of the temperature at the time of sampling and the absolute temperature of the standard state;

[0059] P0—atmospheric pressure under standard conditions, 101.3 kPa;

[0060] P—Atmospheric pressure at the time of sampling, in kilopascals.

[0061] In the measurement method of Example 1, the detected concentration of ammonia in this component is 0.0016 mg / m 3, in line with the maximum allowable concentration requirements for compounds in manned spacecraft sealed cabins.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] In this example, the gas products of different components are measured. The measurement method is the same as that in Example 1. The detected concentration of ammonia in this component is 0.0035 mg / m 3 , in line with the maximum allowable concentration requirements for compounds in manned spacecraft sealed cabins.

[0064] The method for measuring outgassing products of materials in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft of the present invention is easy to operate and has high accuracy, and can provide support for material selection and air environment control of the sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft.

[0065] In this specification, the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. However, it is apparent that various modifications and variations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the description should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

Claims

1. A method for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft, characterized in that: The determination method comprises: (1) Pre-treating the test component to prepare a test sample, wherein the pre-treating includes removing components not used for flight from the test component; (2) Place the test sample in a prepared sealed sample container, replace the gas in the sample container with the test gas, place the sample container in a test chamber, heat it to 48°C to 52°C, and maintain it for a preset time of 71 to 73 hours; (3) Cool to room temperature, and sample the gaseous products released by the test unit assembly. Before sampling, add a quick-acting lead acetate cotton tube to the sampling tube. After sampling, place the absorption liquid in the sampling tube in a 10 mL colorimetric tube, dilute to 10 mL mark with 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid solution, add 0.50 mL of Nessler's reagent and shake well, let stand for 5 minutes, and measure the absorbance at 420 nm using a 10 mm colorimetric dish with pure water as a reference. At the same time, set a blank tube and operate it simultaneously with the sampling tube to obtain the ammonia concentration in the gaseous products according to the standard curve.

2. The method for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-flight parts include dust covers, tape or test leads.

3. The method for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standard curve is drawn as follows: 0 mL, 0.10 mL, 0.30 mL, 0.50 mL, 0.70 mL, 0.90 mL and 1.20 mL of ammonia standard solution are respectively drawn into 7 10 mL stoppered colorimetric tubes, supplemented to 10 mL with 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid solution, and then 0.50 mL of Nessler's reagent is added and shaken, and allowed to stand for 5 minutes. At 420 nm, a 10 mm colorimetric dish is used, and pure water is used as a reference to measure the absorbance. The ammonia content in the standard series is 0 μg, 2.0 μg, 6.0 μg, 10.0 μg, 14.0 μg, 18.0 μg and 24.0 μg.

4. The method for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia concentration C in the gas product is calculated according to formula (1): Where: V1——the volume of the absorption liquid in the sampling tube, in mL; V2——total volume used for colorimetry, in mL; m——The ammonia content found in the standard curve based on the absorbance of the sample after deducting the blank, in μg; V0——sampling volume under standard conditions, in liters; The sampling volume V0 under standard conditions is calculated according to formula (2): Where: V0—sampling volume under standard conditions, in liters; V—sampling volume, which is the product of sampling flow rate and sampling time, in liters; T0—absolute temperature under standard conditions, 273K; T is the sum of the temperature at the time of sampling and the absolute temperature of the standard state; P0—atmospheric pressure under standard conditions, 101.3 kPa; P—Atmospheric pressure at the time of sampling, in kilopascals.

5. The method for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), before the test sample is placed in the sample container, the test sample is cleaned and dried, weighed and labeled, wherein the particles of the test sample are removed using nitrogen gas for cleaning.

6. The method for measuring outgassing products of components in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Prepare the sample container by the following method: clean the sample container by heating and blow it with air or nitrogen before use, inject the test gas into the sample container before placing the test sample in the sample container, and keep it at 48℃~52℃ for 71~73h, or keep it at 68℃~72℃ for 24h.

7. The method for measuring outgassing products of materials in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample container comprises a gas collection interface for collecting gas samples.

8. The method for measuring outgassing products of materials in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test gas is composed of oxygen and nitrogen, or oxygen and argon, and the volume percentage of oxygen is not less than (20.9±2.0)%.

9. The method for measuring outgassing products of materials in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test box is provided with a temperature probe.

10. The method for measuring outgassing products of materials in a sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the mass of the test sample to the volume of the test box is 4.75-5.25 g / L.

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