A device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil and a detection method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a force measuring device for the diggability of rock and soil, comprising a double hydraulic cylinder, a base, a hydraulic cylinder connection assembly, an angle pointer, a hydraulic station and an excavator; the base and the excavator are jointly placed on a rock and soil layer, and two ends of the double hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the base and the excavator through the hydraulic cylinder connection assembly; the angle pointer is arranged on the base; the hydraulic station is connected to the double hydraulic cylinder for providing power. The base comprises a bottom channel steel, a plurality of connecting steels and an inclined steel; a plurality of the connecting steels are connected to the bottom channel steel, upper ends of the plurality of connecting steels are connected to the inclined steel, and an upper end of the inclined steel is connected to the double hydraulic cylinder. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a force measuring device and a detection method for the diggability of rock and soil so as to overcome the existing defects and further improve the scientificity and accuracy of engineering geological exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil and a detection method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rock and soil is a general term for any kind of rock and soil that makes up the earth's crust from the perspective of engineering construction. Hard rocks (hard rocks) and sub-hard rocks (soft rocks) are customarily called rocks, while those with weak connections, loose connections, and special compositions, structures, states, and properties are called soils.

[0003] Classification by hardness: Hard rock: The standard value of the saturated uniaxial compressive strength is greater than 60 MPa, and the rock is hard, such as granite, limestone, etc. Relatively hard rock: The standard value of the saturated uniaxial compressive strength is between 30 - 60 MPa, and the rock is relatively hard, such as sandstone, shale, etc. Relatively soft rock: The standard value of the saturated uniaxial compressive strength is between 15 - 30 MPa, and the rock strength is relatively low, such as mudstone, tuff, etc. Soft rock: The standard value of the saturated uniaxial compressive strength is between 5 - 15 MPa, and the rock is relatively soft, such as highly weathered granite, gneiss, etc. Extremely soft rock: The standard value of the saturated uniaxial compressive strength is less than 5 MPa, and the rock is very soft, such as silt soil, peat, etc.;

[0004] The existing engineering geological exploration can only qualitatively analyze and evaluate the diggability of rock and soil, and cannot quantitatively analyze and evaluate it, resulting in disputes in the determination of quota application and engineering measurement of soft rocks such as mudstone, moderately and strongly weathered rock, and sandstone in the engineering industry. In order to further improve the scientificity and accuracy of engineering geological exploration, a device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil and a detection method thereof are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil and a detection method thereof to overcome the existing defects, and further improve the scientificity and accuracy of engineering geological exploration.

[0006] The technical solution for achieving the above purpose is: A device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil, including a double hydraulic cylinder, a base, a hydraulic cylinder connection assembly, an angle pointer, a hydraulic station, and an excavator;

[0007] The base and the excavator are jointly placed on the rock and soil layer. Both ends of the double hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the base and the excavator through the hydraulic cylinder connection assembly; the angle pointer is arranged on the base; the hydraulic station is connected to the double hydraulic cylinder to provide power.

[0008] Preferably, the base includes a bottom channel steel, multiple connecting steels, and an inclined steel; multiple connecting steels are connected to the bottom channel steel, the upper ends of the multiple connecting steels are connected to the inclined steel, and the upper end of the inclined steel is connected to the double hydraulic cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder connection assembly includes a web, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, and a bucket connecting member; the upper end of the inclined steel is connected to the web, the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the web, one end of the double hydraulic cylinders is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft, the other end of the double hydraulic cylinders is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is connected to the bucket connecting member, and the bucket connecting member is connected to the bucket of the excavator.

[0010] Preferably, the angle pointer is connected to the web.

[0011] A detection method for a force measuring device based on the diggability of rock and soil includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Operate the excavator to make it in the state of maximum bucket digging force, then lower the boom to make the bucket teeth touch the ground, then lock the stick hydraulic cylinder, and release the connection between the boom hydraulic cylinder and the stick of the excavator. During the test, the excavator remains in the shutdown state, and then set the back pressure and back push measures of the force measuring device;

[0013] Step 2: Measure the angle α between the line connecting the bucket teeth of the excavator to the hinge axis of the stick and the boom and the vertical direction in the current state. Use a total station to measure the coordinates of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the stick, calculate the distance d between the two, and the angle γ between the line connecting the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator stick and the horizontal line. Read the angle β between the force application axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line, then the force arm l of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge axis of the excavator stick f =dsin(γ + β), and further measure the distance l between the tip of the excavator bucket teeth and the hinge axis of the stick b , and pre-estimate the maximum thrust F that can be set by the hydraulic cylinder without applying additional ballast to the excavator. l f is the force arm of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge axis of the excavator stick; d is the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator stick;

[0014]

[0015] F - The pre-estimated maximum thrust that can be set by the hydraulic cylinder without back pressure on the excavator, used as a reference for setting the initial thrust;

[0016] G - The weight of the test excavator;

[0017] l 1 - The horizontal distance from the hinge axis of the stick to the rear drive wheel of the excavator track;

[0018] l 2 - The horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the excavator to the rear drive wheel of the excavator track;

[0019] l f - The force arm of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge axis of the excavator stick;

[0020] l b —— Distance between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the dipper arm;

[0021] α —— Angle between the line connecting the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the dipper arm and the vertical direction. The value of α in the initial state should be substituted when calculating the value of F;

[0022] Step 3: Take 0.1 times F as the initial thrust. After the bucket is stable, measure and record the angle β of the hydraulic cylinder, the stroke, the angle α, and the penetration depth of the bucket. Then, repeat the above measurements with a 0.1F equal increment in the set thrust until α = 0° or the applied thrust reaches the rated thrust of the force measuring device, at which point the detection ends;

[0023] Step 4: If the excavator tilts upward when the applied thrust reaches F and the bucket has not effectively penetrated the soil or the angle α has not reached 0°, then a counterweight needs to be added at the hinge axis of the excavator boom until the situation described in Step 3 is reached and the detection can end.

[0024] The maximum thrust F applied by the hydraulic cylinder during the processes of Step 3 and Step 4 max , then the minimum excavation force F required to excavate the tested rock and soil layer with full efficiency using the selected bucket model for the tested rock and soil layer b , is calculated according to the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] where, F b —— The minimum bucket excavation force required to excavate the tested rock and soil layer with full efficiency using the selected bucket model for the tested rock and soil layer;

[0027] F max —— The maximum total thrust applied by the hydraulic cylinder during the test;

[0028] d —— Distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator dipper arm;

[0029] γ —— Angle between the line connecting the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator dipper arm and the horizontal line;

[0030] β max —— The maximum reading of the angle between the force application axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line during the test;

[0031] l b —— Distance between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the dipper arm;

[0032] If the measured maximum thrust F max when α > 0°, it indicates that the excavation force required for the tested rock and soil layer has exceeded the range of the force measuring device. Assuming that α > 0° at this time, further when using the bucket excavation force The ratio of the work efficiency during equipment excavation to the normal work efficiency is calculated by the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] P —— Work efficiency index, representing the work efficiency of excavation using the measured digging force. The larger the P value, the higher the work efficiency; conversely, the smaller it is. The value range of P is [0, 0.5);

[0035] α 0 —— The initial value of the α angle before the start of the test;

[0036] α 1 —— The final value of the α angle after the end of the test.

[0037] Note: This formula is used to evaluate the excavation work efficiency when α 1 > 0° after the test is completed.

[0038] During the test, when the α angle reaches 0°, it can be determined that an excavator model using a bucket of the same test type and with a bucket digging force ≥ F b can fully excavate the tested rock and soil layer with full work efficiency, that is, one shovel can complete the rock and soil cutting within the entire swing arc;

[0039] If α > 0°, it means that at least 2 shovels or more are required to complete the rock and soil cutting within the entire swing arc during the actual excavation process. The meaning of the P value calculated according to the formula is the ratio of the actual work efficiency to the normal work efficiency, and the value range of P is [0, 0.5).

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The device and detection method for measuring the diggability of rock and soil of the present invention can directly measure the bucket digging force required for directly excavating various types of clay, sand, and soft rock with a strength of 12 or less, and analyze and evaluate the work efficiency when different rock and soil are directly excavated using equipment with different digging forces. It effectively solves the problem that in the past, engineering geological exploration could only qualitatively analyze and evaluate the diggability of rock and soil and could not quantitatively analyze and evaluate it, helps to solve the determination disputes in the quota application and engineering measurement of soft rock such as mudstone, moderately and strongly weathered rock, and sandstone in the engineering industry, further improves the scientificity and accuracy of engineering geological exploration, can provide an accurate basis for the selection of rock and soil excavation equipment, and can also provide a reference basis for the design of special rock excavation machinery. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0041] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the first state of the device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 is Figure 2Partial enlarged view in the middle;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the second state of the device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the detection operation of the method for detecting the device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil in the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: 1. Double hydraulic cylinders; 2. Base; 3. Excavator; 4. Bottom channel steel; 5. Connecting steel; 6. Inclined steel; 7. Web; 8. First rotating shaft; 9. Second rotating shaft; 10. Bucket connecting piece. Specific embodiments

[0047] Next, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] Next, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0049] As Figures 1-5 shown, a device for measuring the diggability of rock and soil includes double hydraulic cylinders 1, a base 2, a hydraulic cylinder connection assembly, an angle pointer, a hydraulic station, and an excavator 3; the base 2 and the excavator 3 are jointly placed on the rock and soil layer, and both ends of the double hydraulic cylinders 1 are respectively connected to the base 2 and the excavator 3 through the hydraulic cylinder connection assembly; the angle pointer is arranged on the base 2; the hydraulic station is connected to the double hydraulic cylinders 1 to provide power. The base 2 includes a bottom channel steel 4, multiple connecting steels 5, and an inclined steel 6; multiple connecting steels 5 are connected to the bottom channel steel 4, the upper ends of the multiple connecting steels 5 are connected to the inclined steel 6, and the upper end of the inclined steel 6 is connected to the double hydraulic cylinders 1.

[0050] Specifically, the performance parameters of a single hydraulic cylinder: double-acting type, thrust ≥ 784 kN, pulling force ≥ 500 kN, stroke: 1.5 m - 2 m;

[0051] Specifically, the performance parameters of the hydraulic station and the control system: thrust control accuracy ± 5%, stroke accuracy ± 5%, the stroke time of the hydraulic cylinder within 0 - 2 m ≤ 15 min, using a 0 - 50 Hz variable-frequency motor and an industrial control computer to control the hydraulic oil delivery, supporting the preset thrust or stroke working mode;

[0052] Specifically, the base 2 adopts a truss structure, and its overall shape is "wedge-shaped".

[0053] Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder connection assembly includes a web 7, a first rotating shaft 8, a second rotating shaft 9, and a bucket connecting member 10; the upper end of the inclined steel 6 is connected to the web 7, the first rotating shaft 8 is rotatably connected to the web 7, one end of the double hydraulic cylinders 1 is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft 8, the other end of the double hydraulic cylinders 1 is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft 9, the second rotating shaft 9 is connected to the bucket connecting member 10, and the bucket connecting member 10 is connected to the bucket of the excavator 3. The angle pointer is connected to the web 7.

[0054] Specifically, the force measuring device and the excavator 3 are connected as a whole to work together. The force measuring device and the excavator 3 must be placed in the rock and soil layer to be detected. The rock and soil layer of the site should be flat, and the natural original state should be maintained below the ground of the site, without stratum changes caused by human activities. The model of the excavator 3 is not limited, but the bucket capacity of the bucket is selected as one or more of the levels from 1.5 m³ to 4.6 m³ according to the detection requirements. The arm of the excavator should be the original factory size, not an extended type.

[0055] A detection method for a force measuring device based on the diggability of rock and soil includes the following steps:

[0056] Step 1, operate the excavator 3 to make it in the state of maximum bucket digging force, then lower the boom so that the bucket teeth touch the ground, then lock the arm cylinder, and release the connection between the boom cylinder of the excavator and the arm. The excavator remains in the shutdown state during the test, and then set the back pressure and back push measures of the force measuring device;

[0057] Step 2, measure the angle α between the line connecting the bucket teeth of the excavator to the hinge axis of the arm and the boom and the vertical direction in the current state. Use a total station to measure the coordinates of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the arm, calculate the distance d between the two, and the angle γ between the line connecting the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm and the horizontal line. Read the angle β between the force application axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line, then the force arm l of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge axis of the excavator arm f = dsin(γ + β), further measure the distance l between the tip of the bucket teeth of the excavator and the hinge axis of the arm b , pre-estimate the maximum thrust F that can be set by the hydraulic cylinder without applying additional weight to the excavator. d is the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm;

[0058]

[0059] F - The pre-estimated maximum thrust value (kN) that can be set by the hydraulic cylinder without back pressure for the excavator, used as a reference for setting the initial thrust;

[0060] G - The weight (kN) of the test excavator;

[0061] l 1—— Horizontal distance from the bucket arm hinge shaft to the rear driving wheel of the excavator track (m);

[0062] l 2 —— Horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the excavator to the rear driving wheel of the excavator track (m);

[0063] l f —— Force arm of the hydraulic cylinder on the bucket arm hinge shaft of the excavator (m);

[0064] l b —— Distance between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the connecting line of the bucket arm hinge shaft (m);

[0065] d —— Distance between the hinge shaft of the hydraulic cylinder base and the bucket arm hinge shaft of the excavator (m);

[0066] γ —— Angle between the connecting line of the hinge shaft of the hydraulic cylinder base and the bucket arm hinge shaft of the excavator and the horizontal line (°);

[0067] β —— Angle between the axis of the hydraulic cylinder force and the horizontal line (°).

[0068] α —— Angle between the connecting line of the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the bucket arm hinge shaft and the vertical direction (°). The value of the α angle in the initial state should be substituted when calculating the F value;

[0069] Step 3: Take 0.1 times F as the initial thrust. After the bucket is stable, measure and record the angle β, stroke, α angle, and bucket penetration depth of the hydraulic cylinder. Then, repeat the above measurements with an equal increment of 0.1F for the set thrust until α = 0° or the applied thrust reaches the rated thrust of the force measuring device, at which point the detection ends;

[0070] Step 4: If the excavator tilts upwards when the applied thrust reaches F and the bucket has not effectively penetrated the soil or the α angle has not reached 0°, then a counterweight needs to be added at the hinge shaft of the excavator boom until the situation described in Step 3 is reached to end the detection.

[0071] The maximum thrust F applied by the hydraulic cylinder during the processes of Step 3 and Step 4 max , then for the detected rock and soil layer, the minimum excavation force F required to fully excavate the detected rock and soil layer with the selected bucket model b , is calculated according to the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] Where, F b —— Minimum bucket excavation force (kN) required to fully excavate the detected rock and soil layer with the selected bucket model for the detected rock and soil layer;

[0074] F max —— Maximum total thrust (kN) applied by the hydraulic cylinder during the test;

[0075] d —— Distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator stick (m);

[0076] γ —— Angle between the connecting line of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator stick and the horizontal line (°);

[0077] β max —— Maximum reading of the angle between the force-bearing axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line during the test (°);

[0078] l b —— Distance between the connecting line of the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the stick (m);

[0079] If the maximum thrust force F max is measured and α > 0° during the test, it indicates that the excavation force required for the detected rock and soil layer exceeds the measuring range of the force measuring device. Assuming α > 0° at this time, further, when using the bucket excavation force of the equipment, the ratio of the working efficiency during excavation to the normal working efficiency is calculated according to the following formula:

[0080]

[0081] P —— Working efficiency index, representing the level of working efficiency during excavation using the measured excavation force. The larger the P value, the higher the working efficiency; conversely, the smaller it is. The value range of P is [0, 0.5);

[0082] α 0 —— Initial value of the α angle before the test (°);

[0083] α 1 —— Final value of the α angle after the test (°).

[0084] Note: This formula is used to evaluate the excavation working efficiency when α 1 > 0° after the test is completed.

[0085] During the test, when the α angle reaches 0°, it can be determined that an excavator model using the same type of bucket as the test and with an excavator bucket excavation force ≥ F b can complete the excavation of the detected rock and soil layer with full working efficiency, that is, one bucket can complete the cutting of the rock and soil within the entire swing arc;

[0086] If α > 0°, it means that at least 2 buckets or more are required to complete the cutting of the rock and soil within the entire swing arc during the actual excavation process. The meaning of the P value calculated according to the formula is the ratio of the actual working efficiency to the normal working efficiency. The value range of P is [0, 0.5).

[0087] The device for measuring the excavability of geotechnical materials and the detection method can directly measure the bucket excavation force required for directly excavating various types of clay, sand, and soft rocks with a strength of 12 or less, and analyze and evaluate the work efficiency when directly excavating different geotechnical materials with equipment using different excavation forces. It effectively solves the problem that in the past, engineering geological surveys could only qualitatively analyze and evaluate the excavability of geotechnical materials but not quantitatively. It helps to resolve disputes in the engineering industry regarding the determination of quota application and engineering measurement for soft rocks such as mudstone, moderately and strongly weathered rocks, and sandstone. It further improves the scientificity and accuracy of engineering geological surveys, can provide an accurate basis for the selection of geotechnical excavation equipment, and can also provide a reference basis for the design of special rock excavation machinery.

[0088] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A force measuring device for rock and soil excavability, characterized in that: It comprises a double hydraulic cylinder (1), a base (2), a hydraulic cylinder connection assembly, an angle pointer, a hydraulic station and an excavator (3); The base (2) and the excavator (3) are placed together on a rock layer; the two ends of the dual hydraulic cylinder (1) are respectively connected to the base (2) and the excavator (3) via the hydraulic cylinder connection assembly; the angle pointer is arranged on the base (2); the hydraulic station is connected to the dual hydraulic cylinder (1); The base (2) comprises a bottom channel steel (4), a plurality of connecting steels (5) and an inclined steel (6); the bottom channel steel (4) is connected to the plurality of connecting steels (5), the upper ends of the plurality of connecting steels (5) are connected to the inclined steel (6), and the upper ends of the inclined steels (6) are connected to the double hydraulic cylinders (1); The hydraulic cylinder connection assembly comprises a web (7), a first rotating shaft (8), a second rotating shaft (9) and a bucket connecting piece (10); the upper end of the inclined steel (6) is connected to the web (7), the web (7) is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft (8), the first rotating shaft (8) is rotatably connected to one end of the double hydraulic cylinder (1), the other end of the double hydraulic cylinder (1) is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft (9), the second rotating shaft (9) is connected to the bucket connecting piece (10), and the bucket connecting piece (10) is connected to the bucket of the excavator (3).

2. The force measuring device for rock and soil excavability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle pointer is connected to the web (7).

3. A method for detecting rock and soil excavability based on the force measuring device of claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, operate the excavator (3) to make it in the state of maximum bucket digging force, then lower the boom to make the bucket teeth grounded, then lock the boom hydraulic cylinder, and release the connection between the excavator boom hydraulic cylinder and the boom. During the test, the excavator is kept in the off state, and then the back pressure and back thrust measures of the force measuring device are set; Step 2: Measure the angle α between the line connecting the bucket tooth to the bucket arm and the boom hinge axis and the vertical direction in the current state. Use the total station to measure the coordinates of the hydraulic cylinder base hinge axis and the boom hinge axis, calculate the distance d between the two and the angle γ between the line connecting the hydraulic cylinder base hinge axis and the excavator bucket arm hinge axis and the horizontal line, read the angle β between the force axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line, and then the force arm l of the hydraulic cylinder on the excavator bucket arm hinge axis is f ==dsin(γ+β), further measure the distance l between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm b , it is estimated that the maximum thrust F that can be set for the hydraulic cylinder without adding weight to the excavator, and d is the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm; ； F——When the excavator has no back pressure, the hydraulic cylinder can set the maximum thrust estimate as a reference for setting the initial thrust; G——test excavator weight; l1——Horizontal distance from the arm hinge shaft to the rear drive wheel of the excavator crawler; l2——Horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the excavator to the rear drive wheel of the excavator crawler; α——The angle between the line connecting the bucket tooth tip and the bucket arm hinge axis and the vertical direction. The value of the initial state α angle should be substituted when calculating the F value; Step 3: Use 0.1 times F as the initial thrust, and after the bucket is stable, measure and record the hydraulic cylinder angle β, stroke, α angle, and bucket penetration depth. Then, set the thrust in equal increments of 0.1F and repeat recording the above values ​​until α=0° or the applied thrust reaches the rated thrust of the force measuring device. Step 4: When the thrust reaches F and the bucket still does not enter the soil effectively or the angle α does not reach 0°, the excavator tilts up. In this case, it is necessary to increase the weight at the hinge shaft of the excavator arm until the situation in step 3 is reached to end the detection.

4. The detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The maximum thrust F exerted by the hydraulic cylinder after steps 3 and 4 max , then for the rock and soil layer under test, the minimum excavation force F required to use the selected model bucket to excavate the rock and soil layer under test at full efficiency is b , calculated as follows: ； Among them, F b ——The minimum bucket digging force required to excavate the rock and soil layer under test using the selected bucket model at full working efficiency; F max ——The maximum total thrust applied by the hydraulic cylinder during the test; d – the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm; γ——The angle between the connecting line of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm and the horizontal line; β max ——The maximum reading of the angle between the force axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line during the test; l b ——The distance between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm; If the maximum thrust F is measured max When α>0°, it indicates that the excavation force required for excavation of the rock layer under test has exceeded the measuring range of the force measuring device. Assuming that α>0° at this time, further use of the bucket excavation force The ratio of the equipment's working efficiency during excavation to its normal working efficiency is calculated as follows: ； P ——Effectiveness index, which represents the excavation efficiency using the measured excavation force. The larger the P value, the higher the efficiency, and vice versa. The value range of P is [0,0.5); α0——The initial value of the α angle before the test starts; α1——the final value of the α angle after the test; This formula is used to evaluate excavation efficiency when α1>0° after the test is completed.

5. The detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the α angle reaches 0° during the test, it can be determined that the bucket of the same test type is used and the excavator bucket digging force ≥ F b The excavator model can excavate the rock and soil layer under inspection with full efficiency, that is, one shovel can complete the rock and soil cutting within the entire swing arc; If α>0°, it means that at least 2 shovels or more are needed to complete the rock cutting within the entire swing arc during the actual excavation process. The P value calculated according to the formula means the ratio of actual work efficiency to normal work efficiency, and the value range of P is [0,0.5).

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