A thermal control temperature management system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of in-pile irradiation technology for materials, specifically to a thermal control temperature management system and method. The thermal control temperature management system includes independently partitioned heat pipes, an electric heating unit, a jacketed tube, a cooling unit, a gas filling / exhausting unit, and a liquid filling unit. Each independently partitioned heat pipe includes an annular upper block, a lower tube, and a dividing plate disposed in the middle of the annular upper block's inner cavity, dividing the independently partitioned heat pipe into left and right side heat pipe units. The electric heating unit has multiple heating holes, and electric heating rods are evenly arranged circumferentially outside the heating holes. Multiple lower tubes of the independently partitioned heat pipe are respectively inserted into multiple heating holes. The jacketed tube is fitted onto the upper block of the independently partitioned heat pipe, and the cooling unit is connected to the jacketed tube. The gas filling / exhausting unit and the liquid filling unit are both connected to the upper block of the independently partitioned heat pipe. The thermal control temperature management system can select the independently partitioned heat pipe with the optimal structure for effective temperature control in material irradiation experiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of in-pile irradiation technology, specifically to a thermal control temperature management system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In-reactor irradiation testing of nuclear fuel cladding and reactor structural materials is a crucial step in nuclear power development. A key indicator in in-reactor irradiation testing of nuclear fuel cladding and reactor structural materials is the irradiation temperature of the irradiated components. The non-uniform distribution of neutron flux within the reactor, both longitudinally and radially, significantly impacts the irradiation temperature. Bottlenecks in the precise control of material irradiation temperature have hindered further implementation of irradiation tests. Therefore, controlling the irradiation test temperature is a critical issue in irradiation technology.

[0003] Heat pipes can transfer large amounts of heat flux over long distances through a very small cross-sectional area without external power. One end of the heat pipe is an evaporation section, and the other end is a condensation section. Depending on the application, an insulating section is placed between the two sections. When one end of the heat pipe is heated, the liquid in the evaporation section evaporates and vaporizes. The vapor flows to the other end under a small pressure difference, releasing heat and condensing into liquid. The liquid flows back to the evaporation section, and the cycle continues. Heat is transferred from one end of the heat pipe to the other. To remove the heat generated by in-reactor irradiation and to flatten the irradiation temperature axially, heat management and temperature control technology can be applied to in-reactor irradiation of nuclear fuel cladding and reactor structural materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a thermal control temperature management system and method. The thermal control temperature management system can implement thermal control temperature management methods to address the uneven distribution of neutron flux in the longitudinal and radial directions within a reactor, so as to achieve precise control of the irradiation test temperature. The thermal control temperature management method can be used to conduct heat pipe heat transfer characteristic tests, so as to improve the structure of the heat pipe based on the test results.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a heat management and temperature control system, comprising: an independent partitioned heat pipe, an electric heating unit, a jacketed tube, a cooling unit, a gas filling and venting unit, and a liquid filling unit; the independent partitioned heat pipe includes an annular upper end block, a lower end pipe, and a dividing plate disposed in the middle of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block to divide the independent partitioned heat pipe into left and right side heat pipe units, each of the left and right side heat pipe units including two lower end pipes and a corresponding side of the annular upper end block communicating with the inner cavities of the two lower end pipes; the upper end of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block is filled with a gas layer, and the lower end of the inner cavity of the lower end pipe is filled with a heat pipe working fluid, wherein the heat pipe working fluid is deionized water or other liquid metal, and the gas layer is... The system is filled with helium and argon gas. The electric heating unit has multiple heating holes, and electric heating rods are evenly arranged circumferentially around the heating holes. Multiple lower end tubes of the independent partition heat pipe are respectively inserted into the multiple heating holes. The jacket tube is sleeved on the upper end block of the independent partition heat pipe. The cooling unit is connected to the jacket tube. The air filling and degassing unit and the liquid filling unit are both connected to the upper end block of the independent partition heat pipe. Optionally, the annular upper end blocks on the corresponding sides of the left and right heat pipe units are connected to the air filling and degassing unit and the liquid filling unit respectively through branch pipes equipped with control valves, so that the left and right heat pipe units can independently perform air filling and degassing and liquid filling.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, during irradiation testing, the electric heating unit is used to simulate the heat generation and transfer of the irradiated element in the test section of the irradiation device; the jacket tube and cooling unit are used to simulate the primary water cooling condition of the reactor; the gas filling unit can control the gas layer composition and pressure at the upper end of the upper block cavity to change the thermal conductivity of the independent zone heat pipe, thereby achieving efficient heat removal and irradiation temperature regulation; the exhaust unit can exhaust the impurity gas at the upper end of the upper block cavity of the independent zone heat pipe, improving the heat transfer efficiency of the independent zone heat pipe; and the liquid filling unit can control the liquid filling rate at the lower end of the lower tube. After the electric heating unit is heated by the electric heating rod, the lower ends of multiple lower tubes are heated, the working fluid of the heat pipe evaporates and vaporizes, and the vapor flows to the upper block through the upper end of the lower tube under a small pressure difference. It releases heat through the cooling of the jacket tube and cooling unit, condenses back into liquid, and finally flows back to the lower end of the lower tube, thus realizing the heat removal applied to the electric heating unit, thereby simulating the heat removal and axial flattening of the irradiation test section. During the process, the gas layer is controlled by the gas filling and exhaust unit, and the working fluid of the heat pipe is controlled by the liquid filling unit. This enables the simulation of precise temperature control for irradiation tests, facilitating continuous improvement of the independent zone heat pipe.

[0008] Simultaneously, the independent partitioned heat pipes can also be inserted into the irradiation test section of the irradiation device for irradiation testing of the loaded material irradiation component within the research reactor. During irradiation testing, the lower ends of multiple lower tubes can be inserted into the irradiation test section of the loaded material irradiation component as evaporation sections of the independent partitioned heat pipes. At this time, the upper ends of the multiple lower tubes and the annular upper block are located outside the irradiation test section. Optionally, the liquid-filled area of ​​the evaporation section is arranged in the region of highest material heat release rate in the irradiation test section. The lower ends of the multiple lower tubes are heated, and the working fluid of the heat pipe evaporates and vaporizes. The vapor flows through the upper end of the lower tubes to the annular upper block under a small pressure difference, and is cooled by the core cooling water flowing outside the annular upper block, releasing heat and condensing back into liquid, finally flowing back to the lower end of the lower tubes. By repeating the above steps, heat is transferred from the evaporation section to the adiabatic section and the condensation section. The dividing plate set in the middle of the inner cavity of the upper ring block divides the independent heat pipe into left and right heat pipe units, which can control the irradiation temperature of the irradiation test section on the positive and negative sides respectively, thereby realizing the heat export of the material irradiated part and the axial flattening of the irradiation test temperature.

[0009] Optionally, the upper end block is provided with a condensation section wall temperature measuring point as the condensation section of the heat pipe, the upper end of the lower end pipe is provided with an insulation section wall temperature measuring point as the insulation section of the heat pipe, and the lower end of the lower end pipe is provided with an evaporation section wall temperature measuring point as the evaporation section of the heat pipe; the electric heating unit is provided with a first radial temperature measuring point and a second radial temperature measuring point in different radial directions.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution and setting up various temperature measuring points, the temperature at each point can be measured.

[0011] Optionally, the electric heating unit further includes: a power regulator connected to the electric heating rod, a temperature measuring element mounting hole opened at the upper end of the electric heating unit, and a temperature measuring element lead-out slot communicating with the heating hole.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the power regulator can adjust the output power of the electric heating rod, and each temperature measuring point can be installed through the temperature measuring element mounting hole and led out through the temperature measuring element lead-out slot.

[0013] Optionally, the cooling unit includes: a first control valve, a heat exchanger tube side, a first water tank, a second control valve, a first circulating pump, a first check valve, and an overflow valve connected in sequence to the inlet and outlet of the jacketed pipe; a bypass branch disposed between the overflow valve and the first water tank; a heat exchanger shell side that exchanges heat with the heat exchanger tube side; a fourth control valve and a third control valve respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger shell side; and a chiller whose inlet and outlet are respectively connected to the third control valve and the fourth control valve. The chiller includes a second water tank, a second circulating pump, and an air-cooled condenser connected in sequence. Both the first water tank and the second water tank are provided with an inlet valve and a drain valve.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when conducting heat pipe heat transfer characteristic tests, the jacketed pipe and cooling unit are used to simulate the primary water cooling conditions of the reactor. The heat exchanger can perform heat exchange, and after heat exchange, the heat can be discharged to the environment through the air-cooled condenser in the chiller.

[0015] Optionally, the outlet of the jacketed pipe is provided with a first flow measurement point, a first temperature measurement point, and a first pressure measurement point; the inlet of the jacketed pipe is provided with a second temperature measurement point and a second pressure measurement point; a second flow measurement point is provided between the third control valve and the air-cooled condenser; a third pressure measurement point and a third temperature measurement point are provided between the fourth control valve and the second water tank; a first liquid level measurement point is provided on the first water tank, and a second liquid level measurement point is provided on the second water tank.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and setting various temperature, flow rate, pressure, and liquid level measuring points, it is possible to measure the temperature, flow rate, pressure, and liquid level at various points corresponding to the cooling unit.

[0017] Optionally, the filling and exhaust unit includes a filling unit and an exhaust unit. A fourth temperature measuring point and a fourth pressure measuring point are provided on the main pipe of the filling and exhaust unit. The filling unit includes a helium branch and an argon branch connected in parallel. The helium branch and the argon branch each include a gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a mass flow meter, and a fifth control valve connected in sequence. The fifth control valve is connected to the upper end block through the main pipe. The exhaust unit includes an exhaust branch and a vacuum branch connected in parallel. The exhaust branch includes a sixth control valve connected at both ends to the upper end block and an exhaust trough, respectively. The vacuum branch includes a seventh control valve, a vacuum pump, and a second check valve connected in sequence. The seventh control valve is connected to the upper end block, and the second check valve is connected to the exhaust trough.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when conducting heat pipe heat transfer characteristic tests, the gas filling unit can control the gas layer composition and pressure at the upper end of the upper block cavity to change the thermal conductivity of the independent partition heat pipe and achieve the adjustment of the simulated irradiation temperature; the exhaust unit can exhaust the impurity gas at the upper end of the upper block cavity of the independent partition heat pipe, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency of the independent partition heat pipe.

[0019] Optionally, the filling unit includes a liquid tank, an eighth control valve, a metering pump, and a ninth control valve connected in sequence, with the ninth control valve connected to the upper block.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when conducting heat pipe heat transfer characteristic tests, the liquid filling unit can control the liquid filling rate at the lower end of the lower pipe.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a thermal temperature control method, applied to the thermal temperature control system described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1: Determine to use independent zoned heat pipes;

[0023] S2: A thermal control and temperature management system is built based on independent zoned heat pipes;

[0024] S3: Conduct a heat pipe heat transfer characteristic test based on the aforementioned heat control temperature control system;

[0025] S4: Obtain test data based on the heat pipe heat transfer characteristics test;

[0026] S5: Determine the improved structure of the independent partition heat pipe based on the experimental data;

[0027] The step S1 comprises:

[0028] Based on the characteristics of the research reactor, the target irradiation temperature, the irradiation method, the irradiation location, and the structure of the irradiation device, the preliminary structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe and its arrangement in the irradiation device were determined. A calculation model was established to conduct numerical analysis on the independent partitioned heat pipe temperature control, obtaining the condensation limit, carrying limit, viscosity limit, capillary limit, sound velocity limit, and boiling limit heat transfer characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe. The influence of heat load, heat pipe medium, and structural dimensions on the heat transfer and irradiation temperature control characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe was analyzed. Finally, an independent partitioned heat pipe was adopted, consisting of multiple lower end pipes, an annular upper end block connected to the lower end pipes, and a dividing plate that divides the heat pipe into left and right side heat pipe units.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the basic structure of the independent partition heat pipe can be determined, and the test data of the independent partition heat pipe can be obtained through the heat control temperature management system. Then, the corresponding test results can be obtained through the test data, thereby improving the structure of the independent partition heat pipe.

[0030] Optionally, step S3 includes:

[0031] Based on the heat management and temperature control system, the heat management and temperature control conditions of material irradiation are simulated, and the heat transfer characteristics of independent zone heat pipes are tested under the material irradiation heat management and temperature control conditions. The heat transfer characteristics tests include: transient start-up test, steady-state test, cold source temperature control test, test of the influence of the length of each section of the independent zone heat pipe, test of the influence of liquid filling rate, and test of the influence of gas composition and pressure.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the heat control temperature management system can simulate the heat control temperature management conditions of material irradiation, thereby enabling the use of independently zoned heat pipes to conduct heat pipe heat transfer characteristic tests.

[0033] Optionally, step S4 includes:

[0034] Based on the heat pipe heat transfer characteristic test, the heat transfer characteristics and influencing factors of the independent partition heat pipe under the temperature control condition of material irradiation heat control were obtained. The heat transfer characteristics include: wall temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient of evaporation section, heat transfer coefficient of condensation section, thermal resistance, heat transfer, and heat transfer efficiency. The influencing factors include: heat load, liquid filling rate, structural dimensions, gas composition, pressure, cooling water flow rate, and temperature.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution and conducting heat pipe heat transfer characteristic tests, the heat pipe heat transfer characteristics can be obtained.

[0036] In summary, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0037] 1. An independent partitioned heat pipe system is adopted, consisting of multiple lower end pipes and an annular upper end block connected to the lower end pipes. The lower end pipes of the heat pipes are inserted into the irradiation test section where the irradiated part is loaded, and the upper end block of the heat pipes extends out of the irradiation test section and is in direct contact with the core cooling water. The heat generated by the irradiation inside the irradiated part is transferred to the annular upper end block by the heat pipe working fluid and carried away by the core cooling water. The heat generated during the irradiation process is quickly discharged through the adaptive adjustment of the heat pipes, and the axial temperature of the test section of the irradiation device is flattened. Furthermore, the partition plate set in the middle of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block divides the independent partitioned heat pipes into left and right side heat pipe units, which can control the irradiation temperature of the yin and yang sides of the irradiation test section respectively, further realizing the precise control of the irradiation test temperature.

[0038] 2. A heat management and temperature control system and corresponding heat management and temperature control methods were established, which can perform transient start-up tests, steady-state tests, cold source temperature control tests, tests on the influence of the length of each section of the independent zone heat pipe, tests on the influence of the liquid filling rate, and tests on the influence of gas composition and pressure on the independent zone heat pipe. The heat transfer characteristics of the independent zone heat pipe under various test conditions are obtained, the influence of various factors on the heat transfer characteristics is obtained, and the optimal structure of the independent zone heat pipe is determined. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the thermal control temperature management system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an independently partitioned heat pipe in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the electric heating unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a thermal temperature control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Independent zoned heat pipe; 11. Annular upper end block; 12. Lower end pipe; 13. Divider plate; 14. Heat pipe working fluid; 15. Temperature measuring point on the wall of the condensing section; 16. Temperature measuring point on the wall of the adiabatic section; 17. Temperature measuring point on the wall of the evaporating section; 18. Gas layer; 19. Left heat pipe unit; 20. Right heat pipe unit; 3. Electric heating unit; 31. Heating hole; 32. Electric heating rod; 33. Power regulator; 34. Temperature sensing element mounting hole; 35. Temperature sensing element 36. First radial temperature measuring point; 37. Second radial temperature measuring point; 4. Jacketed pipe; 5. Cooling unit; 51. First control valve; 52. Heat exchanger; 53. First water tank; 54. Second control valve; 55. First circulating pump; 56. First check valve; 57. Overflow valve; 58. Heat exchanger tube side; 59. Heat exchanger shell side; 510. Third control valve; 511. Fourth control valve; 512. Chiller; 513. Second water tank; 514. 515. Secondary circulation pump; 516. Air-cooled condenser; 517. Bypass branch; 518. First flow measurement point; 519. First temperature measurement point; 520. First pressure measurement point; 521. Second pressure measurement point; 522. Second flow measurement point; 523. Third pressure measurement point; 524. Third temperature measurement point; 525. First liquid level measurement point; 526. Second liquid level measurement point; 527. Tenth control valve; 528. Inlet valve; 529. Drain valve 6. Inflation / Degassing Unit; 61. Inflation Unit; 62. Degassing Unit; 63. Gas Cylinder; 64. Pressure Reducing Valve; 65. Mass Flow Meter; 66. Fifth Control Valve; 67. Degassing Tank; 68. Sixth Control Valve; 69. Seventh Control Valve; 610. Vacuum Pump; 611. Second Check Valve; 612. Fourth Temperature Measuring Point; 613. Fourth Pressure Measuring Point; 7. Liquid Filling Unit; 71. Liquid Tank; 72. Eighth Control Valve; 73. Metering Pump; 74. Ninth Control Valve. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the following description is provided in conjunction with the appendix. Figure 1-4 The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0045] The terminology used in the following embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification and appended claims of the present invention, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to include the plural expressions as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in the present invention refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the listed items. The term “exemplary” means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration,” and any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments. The terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, “a plurality” means two or more. In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0046] This invention provides a thermal control temperature management system.

[0047] refer to Figure 1 The thermal control and temperature control system includes: an electric heating unit 3, a jacketed tube 4, a cooling unit 5, a charging and decharging unit 6, a liquid filling unit 7, and an independent zoned heat pipe 1.

[0048] refer to Figure 2 The independent partitioned heat pipe 1 includes an annular upper block 11, a lower tube 12, and a dividing plate 13. The annular upper block 11 is connected to the lower tube 12 and has a communicating inner cavity. The dividing plate 13 is located in the middle of the inner cavity of the annular upper block 11, dividing the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 (i.e., the annular upper block 11 and the lower tube 12) into a left heat pipe unit 16 and a right heat pipe unit 17. The left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17 each include two lower tubes 12. The two lower tubes 12 in any heat pipe unit are connected to the corresponding side of the annular upper block 11. The left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17 can be independently temperature controlled. The upper end of the inner cavity of the annular upper block 11 is filled with a gas layer 15, and the lower end of the inner cavity of the lower tube is filled with a heat pipe working fluid 14. The heat pipe working fluid 14 is deionized water or other liquid metal, and the gas layer is filled with helium and argon.

[0049] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The upper block 11 can serve as the condensation section of the independent zone heat pipe 1, and a condensation section wall temperature measuring point 15 is provided on the outer wall of the annular upper block 11. The upper end of the lower pipe 12 can serve as the insulation section of the independent zone heat pipe 1, and an insulation section wall temperature measuring point 16 is provided on the upper end of the lower pipe 12. The lower end of the lower pipe 12 can serve as the evaporation section of the independent zone heat pipe 1, and an evaporation section wall temperature measuring point 17 is provided on the lower end of the lower pipe 12. It should be understood that the temperature measuring points mentioned above and below are temperature sensors.

[0050] In an optional embodiment of this application, there are four lower tubes 12 with a diameter of 6 mm, and the inner and outer diameters of the annular upper block 11 are 8 mm and 24 mm, respectively. The cladding material of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 is stainless steel, and the target heat pipe working fluid 13 is selected according to the irradiation temperature control, using deionized water or other liquid metals. The gas layer 14 is filled with helium and argon. The type of heat pipe working fluid 13, the filling rate, and the composition of the gas layer 14 corresponding to the left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17 can be different.

[0051] Specifically, four condensing section wall temperature measuring points 15 are provided on the upper end blocks 11 of the left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17 from top to bottom. Two adiabatic section wall temperature measuring points 16 are arranged on the upper end (insulation section) of each lower end pipe 12 from top to bottom, and four evaporation section wall temperature measuring points 17 are arranged on the lower end (evaporation section) of each lower end pipe 12 from top to bottom.

[0052] During irradiation testing, the two lower end tubes corresponding to the left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17 are respectively inserted into the eclipse chambers of the irradiation test section of the irradiation device, serving as the evaporation sections of the independently partitioned heat pipe 1. At this time, the upper end of the lower end tube 12 and the annular upper end block 11 are located outside the irradiation test section. Optionally, the liquid-filled area of ​​the evaporation section is arranged in the area with the highest heat release rate of the material in the irradiation test section. When the lower end of the lower end tube 12 is heated, the heat pipe working fluid 13 evaporates and vaporizes. The vapor flows through the upper end of the lower end tube 12 to the annular upper end block 11 under a small pressure difference, and is cooled by the core cooling water flowing outside the annular upper end block, releasing heat and condensing back into liquid. Finally, it flows back to the lower end of the lower end tube 12. By repeating the above steps, heat is transferred from the evaporation section to the adiabatic section and the condensation section, thereby realizing the heat extraction of the irradiated part and the axial flattening of the irradiation test temperature.

[0053] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3The electric heating unit 3 is cylindrical and made of the same material as the irradiation clamping block of the test section of the irradiation device, using 6061 aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The electric heating unit 3 has multiple heating holes 31 connected to the lower end tube 12, which can be inserted into the heating holes 31. Electric heating rods 32 are evenly arranged circumferentially around the heating holes 31 of the electric heating unit 3, used to heat the electric heating unit 3. The number of heating holes 31 and the number of electric heating rods 32 are the same as the number of lower end tubes 12, both set to four. The rated power of each electric heating rod 32 is 3kW. A jacket tube 4 is fitted onto the upper end block 11, and a cooling unit 5 is connected to the jacket tube 4, allowing the cooling unit 5 to cool the upper end block 11 through cooling water in the jacket tube 4. The air filling / exhausting unit 6 and the liquid filling unit 7 are both connected to the inner cavity of the upper end block 11.

[0054] refer to Figure 1 The electric heating unit 3 also includes a power regulator 33, which is connected to the electric heating rod 32. The power regulator 33 allows adjustment of the heating power of the electric heating rod 32. The electric heating unit 3 also has multiple temperature sensing element mounting holes 34 and multiple temperature sensing element lead-out slots 35. The temperature sensing element mounting holes 34 are located at the upper end of the electric heating unit 3 and are evenly arranged in four groups along the circumference of the electric heating unit 3, with three holes in each group. The three temperature sensing element mounting holes 34 in a single group, along with the adjacent electric heating rod 32, are located on the same radius of the electric heating unit 3. Four temperature sensing element lead-out slots 35 are located at the upper end of the electric heating unit 3. Each temperature sensing element lead-out slot 35 is located between two adjacent electric heating rods 32. Each temperature sensing element lead-out slot 35 has a side wall slot and an end face slot, both evenly arranged along the circumference of the electric heating unit 3. Each temperature sensing element lead-out slot 35 is connected to a heating hole 31. The aforementioned temperature measuring points can be fixed in the temperature measuring element mounting hole 34 and led out through the temperature measuring element lead-out groove 35.

[0055] The electric heating unit 3 is provided with a first radial temperature measuring point 36 and a second radial temperature measuring point 37 on different radial directions. By measuring the radial temperature gradient of the electric heating unit 3, the power input to the lower end tube 12 of the electric heating unit 3 can be calculated.

[0056] refer to Figure 1The cooling unit 5 includes a first control valve 51, a heat exchanger 52, a first water tank 53, a second control valve 54, a first circulating pump 55, a first check valve 56, and an overflow valve 57, connected sequentially from the inlet to the outlet of the jacketed pipe 4. Due to the large temperature variations in the cooling unit 5, an overflow valve 57 is installed on the pipe side system of the cooling unit 5 to ensure stable pressure operation. The overflow valve 57 is a self-regulating pressure regulating valve. The heat exchanger 52 has two sets of heat exchange channels: a heat exchanger tube side 58 and a heat exchanger shell side 59, which are capable of heat exchange. The inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger tube side 58 are connected to the first control valve 51 and the first water tank 53, respectively. The two ends of the heat exchanger shell side 59 are connected to a third control valve 510 and a fourth control valve 511, respectively. The third control valve 510 and the fourth control valve 511 are connected to the outlet and inlet of the water chiller 512, respectively, which is used to discharge heat to the environment.

[0057] The water chiller includes a second water tank 513, a second circulating pump 514, and an air-cooled condenser 515 connected in sequence. The second water tank 513 is connected to a fourth control valve 511, and the air-cooled condenser 515 is connected to a third control valve 510. Both the first water tank 53 and the second water tank 513 are equipped with an inlet valve 528 and a drain valve 529. The cooling unit also includes a bypass branch 516 for returning overflow water generated by system pressure stabilization to the first water tank 53. The bypass branch 516 connects the overflow valve 57 and the first water tank 53.

[0058] Cooling unit 5 is used to simulate the cooling conditions of independent zone heat pipe 1 in the reactor during material irradiation. It is designed with a cooling capacity of 15kW, a design pressure of 1.65MPa, an operating pressure of 1.5MPa, a design temperature of 100℃, and an operating temperature of 50℃. The flow-through components are made of stainless steel. Cooling water in the first water tank 53 flows through the jacketed pipe 4 installed outside the independent zone heat pipe 1 under the drive of the first circulating pump 55, carrying away the heat from the condensation section of the independent zone heat pipe 1. The heat is then transferred to the cooling water on the shell side 59 of the heat exchanger 52. The cooling water on the shell side 59 of the heat exchanger flows through the chiller 512 under the drive of the second circulating pump 514, and the heat is discharged to the environment through the air-cooled condenser 515 in the chiller 512.

[0059] To monitor the operating parameters of the cooling unit 5 online, a first flow measurement point 517, a first temperature measurement point 518, and a first pressure measurement point 519 are installed at the outlet of the jacketed pipe 4. A second temperature measurement point 520 and a second pressure measurement point 521 are installed at the inlet of the jacketed pipe 4. A second flow measurement point 522 is installed between the third control valve 510 and the air-cooled condenser 515, and a third pressure measurement point 523 and a third temperature measurement point 524 are installed between the fourth control valve 511 and the second water tank 513. A first liquid level measurement point 525 is installed on the first water tank 53, and a second liquid level measurement point 526 is installed on the second water tank 513. It should be understood that the flow measurement points mentioned above and below are flow sensors, the pressure measurement points are pressure sensors, and the liquid level measurement points are liquid level sensors. A tenth control valve 527 is also installed between the overflow valve 57 and the outlet of the jacketed pipe 4.

[0060] refer to Figure 1 The filling and exhaust unit 6 includes a filling unit 61 and an exhaust unit 62. The filling unit 61 includes a helium branch and an argon branch arranged in parallel. The helium branch and the argon branch each include a gas cylinder 63, a pressure reducing valve 64, a mass flow meter 65, and a fifth control valve 66 connected in sequence. One gas cylinder 63 is used to fill argon, and the other is used to fill helium. Both fifth control valves 66 are connected to the upper end block 11 through a main pipe. The mass flow meter 65 can accurately control the composition and pressure of the inert gas entering the inner cavity of the upper end block 11, thereby changing the thermal conductivity of the independent partition heat pipe 1 and realizing the adjustment of the simulated irradiation temperature.

[0061] The exhaust unit 62 includes an exhaust branch and a vacuum branch connected in parallel. One end of each branch is connected to the upper block 11 via a main pipe, and the other end is connected to the exhaust trough 67. The exhaust branch includes a sixth control valve 68, which is connected to both the upper block 11 and the exhaust trough 67. The vacuum branch includes a seventh control valve 69, a vacuum pump 610, and a second check valve 611, connected in sequence. The seventh control valve 69 is connected to the upper block 11, and the second check valve 611 is connected to the exhaust trough 67. Exhausting impurity gases from the independent partition heat pipe 1 through the exhaust unit 62 improves the heat transfer capacity of the independent partition heat pipe 1. Simultaneously, a fourth temperature measuring point 612 and a fourth pressure measuring point 613 are also installed on the main pipe of the charging / exhausting unit 6 to monitor the temperature and pressure of the charging / exhausting unit 6.

[0062] refer to Figure 1 The filling unit 7 includes a liquid tank 71, an eighth control valve 72, a metering pump 73 and a ninth control valve 74 connected in sequence. The ninth control valve 74 is connected to the upper block 11. The metering pump 73 can control the filling rate of the independent zone heat pipe 1.

[0063] The implementation principle of a heat control temperature management system according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: When conducting a heat pipe heat transfer characteristic test, the electric heating unit 3 is used to simulate the heat generation and transfer of the irradiated element; the jacket pipe 4 and cooling unit 5 are used to simulate the primary water cooling condition of a reactor; the gas filling unit 61 can control the composition and pressure of the gas layer 14 at the upper end of the inner cavity of the upper block 11 to change the thermal conductivity of the independent partition heat pipe 1 and realize the adjustment of the simulated irradiation temperature; the exhaust unit 62 can exhaust the impurity gas at the upper end of the inner cavity of the upper block 11 in the independent partition heat pipe 1 to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the independent partition heat pipe 1; the liquid filling unit 7 can control the liquid filling rate at the lower end of the lower pipe 12. Then, based on multiple temperature, flow rate, pressure, and liquid level measuring points, various data are acquired, and the heat control temperature management system is adjusted based on the various data to realize the precise control of the simulated irradiation test temperature. By continuously conducting heat pipe heat transfer characteristic tests, the structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 can be continuously improved based on the test results. In this way, the optimal structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe can be selected for effective control of the material irradiation test temperature, providing technical support for the research and development of nuclear fuel cladding and reactor structural materials.

[0064] This invention also provides a thermal control temperature management method.

[0065] refer to Figure 4 A thermal control temperature management method, applied to the aforementioned thermal control temperature management system, includes the following implementation steps:

[0066] S1: Determine to use independent zoned heat pipes;

[0067] Based on the characteristics of the research reactor, the target irradiation temperature, the irradiation method, the irradiation location, and the structure of the irradiation device, the preliminary structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 and its arrangement in the irradiation device were determined. A computational model was established to numerically analyze the temperature control of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1, obtaining its heat transfer characteristics such as condensation limit, carryover limit, viscosity limit, capillary limit, sound velocity limit, and boiling limit. The influence of heat load, heat pipe medium, and structural dimensions on the heat transfer and irradiation temperature control characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 was analyzed. Finally, the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 was adopted, consisting of multiple lower end pipes 12, an annular upper end block 12 connected to the lower end pipes 12, and a dividing plate 13 that divides the heat pipe into left and right side heat pipe units.

[0068] S2: A heat management and temperature control system is built based on independent partitioned heat pipe 1.

[0069] Insert multiple lower end pipes 12 of the independent zone heat pipe 1 into the electric heating unit 3, sleeve the jacket pipe 4 on the upper end block 11, connect the cooling unit 5 to the inlet and outlet of the jacket pipe 4, and connect the air filling and exhaust unit 6 and the liquid filling unit 7 to the upper end block 11. For details, please refer to the above heat control temperature management system, which will not be repeated here.

[0070] S3: Heat pipe heat transfer characteristics test based on thermal control temperature control system.

[0071] By building a heat management and temperature control system, the heat management and temperature control conditions of material irradiation can be simulated. Then, transient start-up test, steady-state test, cold source temperature control test, length of each section of independent heat pipe 1, liquid filling rate, and gas composition and pressure are tested on independent partition heat pipe 1.

[0072] Furthermore, the transient start-up test involves testing the transient characteristics of the independent partition heat pipe 1 under different heating power conditions to establish the response time of steady-state cooling conditions; the steady-state test involves testing the steady-state operating characteristics of the independent partition heat pipe 1 under different heating power conditions, and calculating the limiting heat transfer coefficient of the independent partition heat pipe 1 based on wall temperature measurements and theoretical formulas; the cold source temperature control test involves changing the cooling water flow rate and temperature of the cooling unit under the same heating power conditions to test the heat transfer characteristics of the independent partition heat pipe 1; the influence test of the length of each segment of the independent partition heat pipe 1 involves changing the length of each segment of the independent partition heat pipe 1 to test the influence of the change in the length of each segment of the independent partition heat pipe 1 on the heat transfer of the heat pipe; the influence test of the filling rate involves filling the heat pipe with different types or masses of heat pipe working fluid 13 to test the heat transfer capacity of the independent partition heat pipe 1; and the influence test of gas composition and pressure involves changing the composition and pressure of the gas layer 14 of the independent partition heat pipe 1 to test the heat transfer capacity of the independent partition heat pipe 1.

[0073] S4: Obtain experimental data based on heat pipe heat transfer characteristics.

[0074] Through the above tests, the corresponding experimental data can be obtained. Specifically, the heat transfer characteristics of independent zone heat pipe 1 under each test condition can be obtained, such as wall temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient of evaporation section, heat transfer coefficient of condensation section, thermal resistance, heat transfer, heat transfer efficiency, etc. The influence of factors such as heat load, liquid filling rate, structural size, gas composition and pressure, and cooling water flow rate and temperature on heat transfer characteristics can be analyzed.

[0075] S5: Determine the improved structure of independent partition heat pipe 1 based on experimental data.

[0076] After obtaining the experimental data, the structure of the independent partition heat pipe 1 can be optimized to determine the improved structure of the independent partition heat pipe 1. After the improvement, the above process can be repeated to optimize the structure of the independent partition heat pipe 1 step by step, thereby determining the optimal structure of the independent partition heat pipe 1 for material irradiation temperature control. It is then inserted into the test section of the irradiation device for irradiating the loaded material irradiation component in the research reactor to achieve rapid heat removal and axial flattening of the irradiation test temperature.

[0077] The above description of the embodiments is only used to provide a detailed introduction to the technical solution of the present invention. However, the description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal control temperature management system, characterized in that, include: The independent partitioned heat pipe (1), electric heating unit (3), jacketed tube (4), cooling unit (5), air filling and exhaust unit (6), and liquid filling unit (7) are provided. The independent partitioned heat pipe (1) includes an annular upper end block (11), a lower end tube (12), and a dividing plate (13) disposed in the middle of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block (11) to divide the independent partitioned heat pipe (1) into left and right side heat pipe units. The left and right side heat pipe units each include two lower end tubes (12) and the corresponding side of the annular upper end block (11) communicating with the inner cavity of the two lower end tubes (12). The upper end of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block (11) is filled with a gas layer (18), and the lower end of the inner cavity of the lower end tube (12) is filled with heat pipe working fluid (14). The working fluid (14) is deionized water or other liquid metal, and the gas layer (18) is filled with helium and argon. The electric heating unit (3) has multiple heating holes (31), and electric heating rods (32) are evenly arranged around the heating holes (31). Multiple lower end tubes (12) of the independent partition heat pipe (1) are respectively inserted into the multiple heating holes (31). The jacket tube (4) is sleeved on the annular upper end block (11) of the independent partition heat pipe (1). The cooling unit (5) is connected to the jacket tube (4). The air filling and exhaust unit (6) and the liquid filling unit (7) are both connected to the annular upper end block (11) of the independent partition heat pipe (1).

2. The thermal control and temperature management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper annular block (11) is provided with a condensation section wall temperature measuring point (15) as the condensation section of the heat pipe, the upper end of the lower end pipe (12) is provided with an insulation section wall temperature measuring point (16) as the insulation section of the heat pipe, and the lower end of the lower end pipe (12) is provided with an evaporation section wall temperature measuring point (17) as the evaporation section of the heat pipe; the electric heating unit (3) is provided with a first radial temperature measuring point (36) and a second radial temperature measuring point (37) in different radial directions respectively.

3. The thermal control and temperature management system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The electric heating unit (3) further includes: a power regulator (33) connected to the electric heating rod (32), a temperature measuring element mounting hole (34) opened at the upper end of the electric heating unit (3), and a temperature measuring element lead-out groove (35) connected to the heating hole (31).

4. A thermal control temperature management system as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The cooling unit (5) includes: a first control valve (51), a heat exchanger tube side (58), a first water tank (53), a second control valve (54), a first circulating pump (55), a first check valve (56), and an overflow valve (57) sequentially connected to the inlet and outlet of the jacketed pipe (4); a bypass branch (516) disposed between the overflow valve (57) and the first water tank (53); a heat exchanger shell side (59) that exchanges heat with the heat exchanger tube side (58); and a cooling unit (59) that is connected to the heat exchanger tube side (58). The fourth control valve (511) and the third control valve (510) at the inlet and outlet of the casing side (59); and a chiller (512) whose inlet and outlet are respectively connected to the third control valve (510) and the fourth control valve (511). The chiller (512) includes a second water tank (513), a second circulation pump (514) and an air-cooled condenser (515) connected in sequence. The first water tank (53) and the second water tank (513) are each equipped with an inlet valve (528) and a drain valve (529).

5. A heat control temperature management system as described in claim 4, wherein the outlet of the jacketed pipe (4) is provided with a first flow measurement point (517), a first temperature measurement point (518), and a first pressure measurement point (519); the inlet of the jacketed pipe (4) is provided with a second temperature measurement point (520) and a second pressure measurement point (521); a second flow measurement point (522) is provided between the third control valve (510) and the air-cooled condenser (515); a third pressure measurement point (523) and a third temperature measurement point (524) are provided between the fourth control valve (511) and the second water tank (513); a first liquid level measurement point (525) is provided on the first water tank (53), and a second liquid level measurement point (526) is provided on the second water tank (513).

6. The thermal control and temperature management system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The filling and exhaust unit (6) includes a filling unit (61) and an exhaust unit (62). A fourth temperature measuring point (612) and a fourth pressure measuring point (613) are provided on the main pipe of the filling and exhaust unit (6). The filling unit (61) includes a helium branch and an argon branch connected in parallel. The helium branch and the argon branch respectively include a gas cylinder (63), a pressure reducing valve (64), a mass flow meter (65), and a fifth control valve (66) connected in sequence. The fifth control valve (66) is connected to the main pipe. The upper annular block (11) is an exhaust unit (62) that includes an exhaust branch and a vacuum branch connected in parallel. The exhaust branch includes a sixth control valve (68) that is connected at both ends to the upper annular block (11) and the exhaust groove (67) respectively. The vacuum branch includes a seventh control valve (69), a vacuum pump (610), and a second check valve (611) that are connected in sequence. The seventh control valve (69) is connected to the upper annular block (11), and the second check valve (611) is connected to the exhaust groove (67).

7. The thermal control and temperature management system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The filling unit (7) includes a liquid tank (71), an eighth control valve (72), a metering pump (73) and a ninth control valve (74) connected in sequence. The ninth control valve (74) is connected to the annular upper block (11).

8. A thermal temperature control method, applied to the thermal temperature control system as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Determine to use independent zone heat pipes (1); S2: A heat management and temperature control system is built based on independent partitioned heat pipes (1); S3: Conduct a heat pipe heat transfer characteristic test based on the aforementioned heat control temperature control system; S4: Obtain test data based on the heat pipe heat transfer characteristics test; S5: Determine the improved structure of the independent partition heat pipe (1) based on the experimental data; The step S1 comprises: Based on the characteristics of the research reactor, the target irradiation temperature, the irradiation method, the irradiation location, and the structure of the irradiation device, the preliminary structure of the independent partition heat pipe (1) and its arrangement in the irradiation device were determined. A calculation model was established to conduct numerical analysis on the temperature control of the independent partition heat pipe (1). The condensation limit, carrying limit, viscosity limit, capillary limit, sound velocity limit, and boiling limit heat transfer characteristics of the independent partition heat pipe (1) were obtained. The influence of heat load, heat pipe medium, and structural dimensions on the heat transfer and irradiation temperature control characteristics of the independent partition heat pipe (1) was analyzed. Finally, an independent partition heat pipe (1) consisting of multiple lower end pipes (12), an annular upper end block (11) connected to the lower end pipes (12), and a dividing plate (13) that divides the heat pipe into left and right side heat pipe units was adopted.

9. A thermal control temperature management method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The step S3 comprises: Based on the heat control and temperature management system, the heat control and temperature management conditions of the material irradiation are simulated, and the heat transfer characteristics of the independent partition heat pipe (1) are tested under the material irradiation heat control and temperature management conditions. The heat transfer characteristics test includes: transient start-up test, steady-state test, cold source temperature control test, test of the influence of the length of each section of the independent partition heat pipe (1), test of the influence of the liquid filling rate and test of the influence of gas composition and pressure.

10. A thermal control temperature management method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: Based on the heat pipe heat transfer characteristic test, the heat transfer characteristics and influencing factors of the independent partition heat pipe (1) under the material irradiation heat control temperature control condition were obtained. The heat transfer characteristics include: wall temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient of evaporation section, heat transfer coefficient of condensation section, thermal resistance, heat transfer, and heat transfer efficiency. The influencing factors include: heat load, liquid filling rate, structural size, gas composition, pressure, cooling water flow rate and temperature.

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