Method for early predicting ethylene stimulation tolerance of rubber tree variety

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for early predicting ethylene stimulation tolerance of a rubber tree variety, and belongs to the technical field of rubber tree rubber collection. The method comprises the following steps: on the basis of an established regression equation of the rubber tree bursting and gummosis rate after ethylene stimulation and the average cold injury level, establishing a rubber tree multi-variety cold-resistant sentinel nursery, counting the cold injury level of each rubber tree variety after winter, and substituting the cold injury level into the regression equation to calculate the bursting and gummosis rate of the rubber tree. The higher the cracking and gummosis rate is, the more stimuli-resistant is, so that the early quantitative identification of the ethylene stimuli tolerance of the to-be-selected rubber tree variety is realized. The method is suitable for early prediction of ethylene stimulation tolerance of various rubber tree varieties, can greatly save breeding time, manpower and material cost, and is easy to popularize and apply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber tapping from rubber trees, and in particular relates to a method for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation. Background Art

[0002] Since the invention of ethephon in 1968 and its use as a stimulant for increasing rubber tree production in rubber plantations to stimulate rubber tapping, how to adapt a reasonable stimulation intensity to newly cultivated excellent rubber tree varieties has been a major problem in this field, and no scientific quantitative method has been reported so far. If the stimulation intensity is too high, it is easy to cause a significant increase in the incidence of dead skin in rubber trees, shortening the economic life of rubber trees; if the stimulation intensity is too low, the latex production cannot be fully tapped, resulting in economic losses.

[0003] At present, there are two common methods to determine the stimulation intensity of rubber tree varieties. The first is to conduct stimulation intensity tests on productive trees for many years, but this test takes a long time. The second is to adapt the stimulation intensity by identifying the metabolic type of the rubber tree variety. However, the latex of young rubber trees is primary latex, while the latex collected from productive rubber trees is from secondary latex, and there are differences in the metabolism of the two. Therefore, if the method of adapting the stimulation intensity according to the metabolic type of rubber tree varieties is to be accurate, it is also necessary to wait until the rubber tree grows mature and differentiates secondary latex, which takes a long time.

[0004] Therefore, how to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art is a problem that needs to be solved urgently in the field of rubber tree tapping technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for constructing a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation comprises the following steps: Step (1), selecting a plurality of rubber tree varieties, and selecting a plurality of rubber tree seedlings for each rubber tree variety; Step (2), the experiment adopts the group common standard planting method; the experiment is repeated multiple times, the varieties are randomly arranged, and the plant spacing × row spacing when planting rubber tree seedlings is 1 × 1.5 meters; Step (3), after the cold snap in late spring each year, observe and count the cold damage of the pilot seedlings according to the cold damage classification standard to obtain the average cold damage grade of each variety; Step (4), taking the average chilling injury level of each variety as the independent variable X, and performing regression analysis on the bark bursting and gum flow rate Y of the corresponding variety, to obtain a regression equation, which is a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation.

[0007] Furthermore, preferably, in step (1), at least 9 rubber seedlings are selected for each rubber tree variety.

[0008] Furthermore, preferably, in step (1), 15 rubber seedlings are selected for each rubber tree variety.

[0009] Furthermore, preferably, in step (2), the experiment is repeated three times.

[0010] Furthermore, preferably, in step (3), at the end of March each year, cold damage observation and statistics are conducted on the pilot seedlings according to the cold damage classification standards.

[0011] Furthermore, preferably, in step (3), for a certain variety, each chilling damage level is multiplied by the corresponding number of plants, then the sum is added up, and finally divided by the total number of plants surveyed to obtain the average chilling damage level of the variety.

[0012] Furthermore, preferably, in step (4), the skin bursting and gum flow rate = skin bursting and gum flow strain / survey strain × 100%.

[0013] Further, preferably, in step (4), the regression equation is Y=8.3211X-14.752.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation, wherein the model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation constructed by the method for constructing the model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation comprises the following steps: The average chilling injury level of the rubber tree varieties to be tested and the control variety GT1 was obtained, and the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the rubber tree varieties to be tested was calculated using the regression equation; if the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the variety to be tested was greater than or equal to that of GT1, it was determined to be a Class II variety; if the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the variety to be tested was less than that of GT1, it was determined to be a Class I variety; and then the corresponding ET application concentration was determined according to the "Technical Regulations for Rubber Tree Cultivation" issued by the government department.

[0015] Specifically, the average chilling injury level of the rubber tree varieties to be tested and the control variety GT1 was obtained, and the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the rubber tree varieties to be tested was calculated using the regression equation; if the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the variety to be tested was greater than or equal to that of GT1, it was determined to be a Class II variety; if the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the variety to be tested was less than that of GT1, it was determined to be a Class I variety; then, according to Chapter 6, Section 4, "Tapping system and ET application concentration of rubber trees at different tapping ages under D / 3 tapping system" (as shown in Table 2) and "Tapping system and ET application concentration of rubber trees at different tapping ages under D / 4 tapping system" (as shown in Table 3) of the "Technical Regulations for Rubber Tree Cultivation" issued by the government in September 1995, the corresponding ET application concentration was determined.

[0016] In the present invention, the rate of gumming up is obtained by an existing method, which can be a field stimulation gumming test of multiple varieties with known average chilling damage levels, and the rate of gumming up of each variety is investigated and counted after wintering. The rate of gumming up = the number of plants with gumming up / the number of plants investigated × 100%.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation. The method uses the cold resistance of rubber tree varieties in the seedling stage to predict the ability of varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation in the early stage, and can quickly and accurately complete the identification of the stimulation intensity of ethephon on rubber tree varieties under a field environment. The method of the present invention can be tested and identified in a cold-resistant sentinel nursery (field) environment, and can also be tested and identified in an artificial climate box.

[0018] The concept of the present invention is as follows: When rubber trees encounter low temperature adversity, they will produce endogenous ethylene to change their physiological metabolism to adapt to the low temperature environment. The pathways that respond to low temperature overlap with the pathways that respond to ethylene. The stimulation tolerance of rubber trees can be determined by the rate of peeling and rubber flow of rubber trees that stimulate tapping in winter after the tapping is stopped. Therefore, the cold resistance level of rubber tree varieties can be detected under low temperature stress, and then the stimulation intensity that rubber trees are suitable for can be identified by the cold damage level.

[0019] The present invention aims to provide a method for quantifying the degree of tolerance of rubber tree varieties to ethylene stimulation - a method for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation, which is used for early screening of rubber tree varieties resistant to ethylene stimulation, so as to greatly save the time, manpower and material costs of breeding. It is based on the correlation function between the rubber tree peeling and gum flow rate after ethylene stimulation and the average cold damage level of rubber trees established by the inventor, by establishing a rubber tree multi-variety cold-resistant sentinel nursery (see step (1) and step (2)), then counting the cold damage level of each rubber tree variety after winter, and then substituting it into the function formula to calculate the peeling and gum flow rate of the rubber tree, the higher the peeling and gum flow rate, the less resistant to stimulation, thereby realizing the early quantitative identification of the tolerance of the selected rubber tree variety to ethylene stimulation. The present invention is suitable for the early prediction of the ability of various rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: According to the principle that the cold resistance pathway of rubber trees overlaps with the ethylene action pathway, the present invention identifies the cold damage level of rubber tree varieties by establishing a cold resistance sentinel nursery of the rubber tree varieties to be tested, obtains the average cold damage level of the rubber tree varieties to be tested and the control variety GT1, calculates by using a regression equation, and obtains the peeling and gum flow rate of the rubber tree varieties to be tested; if the peeling and gum flow rate of the variety to be tested is equal to or greater than the peeling and gum flow rate of GT1, it is classified as a Class II variety, and if it is less than GT1, it is classified as a Class I variety; and then according to the sixth chapter, fourth section, table 1 "rubber tapping system and ET application concentration of rubber trees at different tapping ages of D / 3 tapping system" and table 2 "rubber tapping system and ET application concentration of rubber trees at different tapping ages of D / 4 tapping system" of "rubber tree cultivation technical regulations" issued by government departments in September 1995, the corresponding ET application concentration is determined. The early prediction of the adaptive stimulation intensity of the rubber tree varieties can be achieved, and the time used for the adaptive stimulation intensity of the rubber tree varieties can be significantly shortened. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The results of regression analysis between the peeling and gum flow rate and the average chilling damage level in the application example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0023] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or the product specifications are used. If the manufacturer of the materials or equipment used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased. Example 1

[0024] A method for constructing a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation comprises the following steps: Step (1), selecting a plurality of rubber tree varieties, and selecting a plurality of rubber tree seedlings for each rubber tree variety; Step (2), the experiment adopts the group common standard planting method; the experiment is repeated multiple times, the varieties are randomly arranged, and the plant spacing × row spacing when planting rubber tree seedlings is 1 × 1.5 meters; Step (3), after the cold snap in late spring each year, observe and count the cold damage of the pilot seedlings according to the cold damage classification standard to obtain the average cold damage grade of each variety; Step (4), taking the average chilling injury level of each variety as the independent variable X, and performing regression analysis on the bark bursting and gum flow rate Y of the corresponding variety, to obtain a regression equation, which is a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation. Example 2

[0025] A method for constructing a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation comprises the following steps: Step (1), selecting a plurality of rubber tree varieties, and selecting a plurality of rubber tree seedlings for each rubber tree variety; Step (2), the experiment adopts the group common standard planting method; the experiment is repeated multiple times, the varieties are randomly arranged, and the plant spacing × row spacing when planting rubber tree seedlings is 1 × 1.5 meters; Step (3), after the cold snap in late spring each year, observe and count the cold damage of the pilot seedlings according to the cold damage classification standard to obtain the average cold damage grade of each variety; Step (4), taking the average chilling injury level of each variety as the independent variable X, and performing regression analysis on the bark bursting and gum flow rate Y of the corresponding variety, to obtain a regression equation, which is a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation.

[0026] In step (1), at least 9 rubber seedlings are selected for each rubber tree variety.

[0027] In step (2), the experiment was repeated three times.

[0028] In step (3), at the end of March each year, cold damage observation and statistics are conducted on the pilot seedlings according to the cold damage classification standards.

[0029] In step (3), for a certain variety, each cold damage level is multiplied by the corresponding number of plants, then added up and finally divided by the total number of plants surveyed to obtain the average cold damage level of the variety.

[0030] In step (4), the skin bursting and gum flow rate = skin bursting and gum flow strains / survey strains × 100%.

[0031] In step (4), the regression equation is Y=8.3211X-14.752. Example 3

[0032] A method for constructing a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation comprises the following steps: Step (1), selecting a plurality of rubber tree varieties, and selecting a plurality of rubber tree seedlings for each rubber tree variety; Step (2), the experiment adopts the group common standard planting method; the experiment is repeated multiple times, the varieties are randomly arranged, and the plant spacing × row spacing when planting rubber tree seedlings is 1 × 1.5 meters; Step (3), after the cold snap in late spring each year, observe and count the cold damage of the pilot seedlings according to the cold damage classification standard to obtain the average cold damage grade of each variety; Step (4), taking the average chilling injury level of each variety as the independent variable X, and performing regression analysis on the bark bursting and gum flow rate Y of the corresponding variety, to obtain a regression equation, which is a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation.

[0033] In step (1), 15 rubber seedlings are selected for each rubber tree variety.

[0034] In step (2), the experiment was repeated three times.

[0035] In step (3), at the end of March each year, cold damage observation and statistics are conducted on the pilot seedlings according to the cold damage classification standards.

[0036] In step (3), for a certain variety, each cold damage level is multiplied by the corresponding number of plants, then added up and finally divided by the total number of plants surveyed to obtain the average cold damage level of the variety.

[0037] In step (4), the skin bursting and gum flow rate = skin bursting and gum flow strains / survey strains × 100%.

[0038] In step (4), the regression equation is Y=8.3211X-14.752. Example 4

[0039] A method for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation, comprising the steps of: The average chilling injury level of the rubber tree varieties to be tested and the control variety GT1 was obtained, and the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the rubber tree varieties to be tested was calculated using the regression equation; if the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the variety to be tested was greater than or equal to that of GT1, it was determined to be a Class II variety; if the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the variety to be tested was less than that of GT1, it was determined to be a Class I variety; and then the corresponding ET application concentration was determined according to the "Technical Regulations for Rubber Tree Cultivation" issued by the government department.

[0040] Application Examples Several rubber tree varieties were selected, 15 rubber seedlings were selected from each variety, and divided into three replicates, with 5 seedlings in each replicate.

[0041] The experiment was arranged by grouping common standard species. The experiment was repeated three times, and the varieties were randomly arranged. 15 plants of each variety were planted, and 5 plants were planted in each replication. When planting, the plant spacing × row spacing was 1 × 1.5 meters. After the cold weather in late spring every year (end of March), the pilot seedlings were observed and counted according to the cold damage classification standard. The method was referred to "Cultivation of Rubber Trees in the Tropical North Margin" (He Kang, Huang Zongdao. Cultivation of Rubber Trees in the Tropical North Margin [M]. Guangdong: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 1987.89,116.); the method of expressing the average cold damage level of varieties with cold resistance can be found in "Normal Description and Data Standards for Rubber Tree Germplasm Resources" (Huang Huasun, Zeng Xia, Hu Yanshi. Normal Description and Data Standards for Rubber Tree Germplasm Resources [M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2006.70-74.). The specific classification standards are: 0, no cold damage; 1, terminal bud withering, stem withering less than 1 / 3; 2, stem withering 1 / 3-2 / 3; 3, stem withering more than 2 / 3, but the scion is still alive; 4, all scions are dead. Average cold damage level of varieties = (∑ each cold damage level × corresponding number of plants) / total number of plants surveyed.

[0042] Then, through the formula Y=8.3211X-14.752, Y represents the cracking and gum flow rate, and X represents the cold damage level. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0043] It should be pointed out that the correlation function formula between the level of cold damage to rubber and the rate of rubber bark bursting and gum flow is the result obtained by the inventor using the results of many years of cold-resistant outpost nursery experiments on rubber trees of various varieties, and the regression equation established by stimulating the rate of rubber bark bursting and gum flow in low temperatures in winter after the rubber trees were tapped. Figure 1 .

[0044] Table 1 According to the results in Table 1, the theoretical peeling and gumming rates of Reken 515, Reken 516, Reken 509, Reken 525, Reken 502 and Reken 501 are greater than those of the control GT1, and they should be classified as Class I varieties. The ET stimulation concentration should be implemented according to Class I varieties. The theoretical peeling and gumming rate of Yunyan 77-4 is less than that of the control GT1, and it should be classified as a Class II variety. The ET stimulation concentration should be implemented according to Class II varieties. For specific concentrations, please refer to Appendix 1.

[0045] At the same time, Table 1 also shows that due to insufficient stimulation intensity, the peeling and gum flow rate of multiple varieties in the field test was 0, and the stimulation intensity could not be determined. The formula calculation showed a negative peeling and gum flow rate that was impossible to appear in the test. Since our purpose was to use GT1 as a control, we only needed to distinguish the relative size of the peeling and gum flow rate between varieties (that is, the negative value of the theoretical peeling and gum flow rate was also acceptable). Based on GT1 as a control, according to Chapter 6, Section 4, Table 1 "Tapping system and ET application concentration of rubber trees at different tapping ages in D / 3 tapping system" and Table 2 "Tapping system and ET application concentration of rubber trees at different tapping ages in D / 4 tapping system" issued by the government in September 1995, the corresponding ET application concentration was determined. Then the corresponding rubber tree varieties were stimulated with ethylene, and the latex yield was excellent, and the adverse side effects such as peeling and gum flow, bark ulceration, dryness or dead skin of rubber trees caused by strong stimulation were avoided.

[0046] Table 2 Tapping system and ET application concentration of rubber trees at different tapping ages under D / 3 tapping system

[0047] Table 3. Tapping system and ET application concentration of rubber trees at different tapping ages under D / 4 tapping system

[0048] illustrate: 1. The 1st to 39th years of the D / 3 system in Table 2 and the 1st to 40th years of the D / 4 system in Table 3 are normal cessation systems, and all subsequent years are forced cessation systems.

[0049] 2. In Table 3, if ET is not applied during the 1st to 3rd tapping years of Class I varieties and the 1st tapping year of Class II varieties under the D / 4 tapping system, if rubber workers only tap three tree positions, the tapping frequency can be changed to D / 3.

[0050] 3. Use the (S / 4+S / 4↑)D / 3-4 follicle system, starting from the 6th follicle year, and switch to the (S / 2+S / 4↑)D / 3-4 follicle system in the 16th follicle year. The stimulation concentrations can be implemented according to Tables 2 and 3.

[0051] 4. For rubber trees with an original cutting height of 150 cm, refer to the corresponding cutting age range in the above table.

[0052] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation, characterized in that, The steps include: Step (1), selecting a plurality of rubber tree varieties, and selecting a plurality of rubber tree seedlings for each rubber tree variety; Step (2), the experiment adopts the group common standard planting method; the experiment is repeated multiple times, the varieties are randomly arranged, and the plant spacing × row spacing when planting rubber tree seedlings is 1 × 1.5 meters; Step (3), after the cold snap in late spring each year, observe and count the cold damage of the pilot seedlings according to the cold damage classification standard to obtain the average cold damage grade of each variety; Step (4), taking the average chilling injury level of each variety as the independent variable X, and performing regression analysis on the bark bursting and gum flow rate Y of the corresponding variety, to obtain a regression equation, which is a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation.

2. the construction method of the model of early prediction rubber tree variety tolerance ethylene stimulation ability according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step (1), at least 9 rubber seedlings are selected for each rubber tree variety.

3. the construction method of the model of early prediction rubber tree variety tolerance ethylene stimulation ability according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step (1), 15 rubber seedlings are selected for each rubber tree variety.

4. the construction method of the model of early prediction rubber tree variety tolerance ethylene stimulation ability according to claim 1 is characterized in that, In step (2), the experiment was repeated three times.

5. the construction method of the model of early prediction rubber tree variety tolerance ethylene stimulation ability according to claim 1 is characterized in that, In step (3), at the end of March each year, cold damage observation and statistics are conducted on the pilot seedlings according to the cold damage classification standards.

6. The method for constructing a model for predicting early stage rubber tree variety tolerance to ethylene stimulation ability according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), for a certain variety, each cold damage level is multiplied by the corresponding number of plants, then added up and finally divided by the total number of plants surveyed to obtain the average cold damage level of the variety.

7. The method for constructing a model for predicting early stage rubber tree variety tolerance to ethylene stimulation ability according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the skin bursting and gum flow rate = skin bursting and gum flow strains / survey strains × 100%.

8. The method for constructing a model for predicting early stage rubber tree variety tolerance to ethylene stimulation ability according to claim 1, wherein: In step (4), the regression equation is Y=8.3211X-14.

752.

9. A method for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation, characterized in that, The model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation constructed by the method for constructing a model for early prediction of the ability of rubber tree varieties to tolerate ethylene stimulation according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: The average chilling injury level of the rubber tree varieties to be tested and the control variety GT1 was obtained, and the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the rubber tree varieties to be tested was calculated using the regression equation; if the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the variety to be tested was greater than or equal to that of GT1, it was determined to be a Class II variety; if the bark bursting and gum flow rate of the variety to be tested was less than that of GT1, it was determined to be a Class I variety; and then the corresponding ET application concentration was determined according to the "Technical Regulations for Rubber Tree Cultivation" issued by the government department.

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