Acoustic coating layer, noise reduction structure and pantograph

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of pantograph noise reduction, and discloses an acoustic coating layer, a noise reduction structure and a pantograph. The acoustic coating layer is used to coat the structural surface of the pantograph, and includes a concave-convex layer and a base layer; the outer side of the concave-convex layer has a number of interference flow units; the base layer is made of a porous material and is arranged on the inner side of the concave-convex layer. The noise reduction structure includes an acoustic coating layer and a mounting part, and the mounting part is used to fix the acoustic coating layer on the structural surface of the pantograph. The structural surface of the pantograph is provided with a noise reduction structure. Through the above scheme, the present invention can solve the technical problems of high cost, low adaptability to different structures and the fact that the actual effect of some schemes in the related art is not necessarily obvious in the pantograph noise reduction technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pantograph noise reduction, and in particular to an acoustic coating layer, a noise reduction structure and a pantograph. Background Art

[0002] The aerodynamic noise source of high-speed trains mainly comes from the special parts and structures on their surfaces, which strongly disturb the surrounding air during their operation; the main sound source areas include pantographs, bogies, workshop windshields, air conditioning shrouds, nose cones of the leading and trailing cars, etc. Among them, the pantograph is directly exposed to high-speed airflow, and its noise is usually difficult to be effectively blocked by sound barriers on both sides of the road, so it has become an important source of external aerodynamic noise of high-speed trains and has attracted attention.

[0003] At present, the existing pantograph structure noise reduction measures include reducing the number of pantograph poles, changing the cross-sectional shape of pantograph poles, designing changes in pole cross-sectional dimensions, sawtooth bionic design, installing pantograph fairings, setting up pantograph cabins, jet control, pantograph side sound insulation panels, etc., which are costly, have low adaptability to different structures, and the actual effects of some solutions may not be obvious. In particular, there are practical difficulties in modifying pantographs and trains that have already been produced / put into operation.

[0004] Therefore, providing an acoustic coating layer, a noise reduction structure and a pantograph with low cost, good applicability and obvious noise reduction effect is a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention discloses an acoustic coating layer, a noise reduction structure and a pantograph, so as to solve the technical problems of the pantograph noise reduction technology in the related art, namely, high cost, low adaptability to different structures and the fact that the actual effects of some solutions may not be obvious.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, an acoustic coating layer is disclosed, which is used to coat the structural surface of a pantograph, and comprises a concave-convex layer and a base layer; The outer side of the concavoconvex layer has some interfering flow units; The base layer is made of porous material and is arranged on the inner side of the concave-convex layer.

[0007] In some embodiments, a protective layer is provided between the concavo-convex layer and the base layer; A film layer is arranged on the inner side of the protective layer.

[0008] In some solutions, a base layer is provided on the inner side of the base layer, and the base layer is used to contact the structural surface of the pantograph.

[0009] In some embodiments, the protective layer also covers the peripheral sidewalls of the base layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the protective layer also covers the peripheral side wall of the base layer and is connected to the inner side of the base layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, the concave-convex layer covers the protective layer and is connected to the inner side of the base layer.

[0012] In some schemes, several fasteners are also included; the several fasteners connect the concave-convex layer, the protective layer, the base layer and the base layer.

[0013] In some aspects, one end of the fastener extends to the outside of the concave-convex layer.

[0014] In a second aspect, a noise reduction structure is disclosed, comprising the acoustic cladding layer and the mounting member in the first aspect; The mountings are used to secure the acoustic cladding to the structural surface of the pantograph.

[0015] In a third aspect, a pantograph is disclosed, wherein the noise reduction structure in the second aspect is provided on the structural surface of the pantograph.

[0016] The technical solution adopted by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: The acoustic coating layer of the present application is used to coat the structural surface of the pantograph. When the train is running at high speed, if the interference flow unit causes the airflow to pass through the pantograph, it will force the surrounding airflow to transition and disturb the flow, thereby suppressing laminar flow diversion, large-scale vortex shedding, etc., reducing the intensity of unsteady flow, and suppressing the coherence of unsteady flow in different spatial regions. The matrix layer can reduce the interaction force between the unsteady flow and the pantograph surface, suppress the pulsating pressure and dipole sound source intensity on the pantograph structural surface. In addition, the matrix layer can also reduce the interaction force between the wake of the upstream structure of the pantograph and the downstream structure of the pantograph, further reducing noise. In addition, the acoustic coating layer is directly coated on the structural surface of the pantograph, which can adapt to all existing types of pantographs, without the need to improve the main structure of the pantograph, and has a low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 is the axonometric view of the acoustic cladding of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 is the axonometric view of the acoustic cladding of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 The axonometric view of the noise reduction structure of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 4 The axonometric view of the noise reduction structure of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the acoustic cladding layer of the present invention; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the noise reduction structure of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the noise reduction structure of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 8 It is an axonometric view of the pantograph of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 100-acoustic coating layer, 110-concave-convex layer, 111-spoiler unit, 120-protective layer, 130-base layer, 140-base layer, 150-fastener; 200-noise reduction structure, 210-mounting parts; 300-Pantograph. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The inventor found in the research that the existing pantograph 300 structural noise reduction measures include reducing the number of pantograph 300 rods, changing the cross-sectional shape of pantograph 300 rods, designing the cross-sectional size of rods, sawtooth bionic design, installing pantograph 300 fairings, setting up pantograph 300 cabins, jet control, pantograph 300 side sound insulation boards, etc. At this stage, the typical technical solutions have achieved certain noise reduction effects for their specific research scenarios, but there are also some shortcomings, mainly including the need to redesign the pantograph 300 structure or add additional structures, the need to redesign and optimize different specific structures, the noise reduction design is not obvious enough to suppress the overall noise in the real state, it may be difficult to achieve sufficient noise reduction effects due to restrictions such as space and structural movement, and the cost of modifying the pantograph 300 and trains that have been put into operation is high.

[0022] For example, adding sound insulation panels and installing a pantograph 300 cabin will have low modification economy and operability for trains that have not adopted the relevant design during development or even for trains that are already in operation; for jet control, it has the advantage of more flexible control, but requires additional energy input and a supporting air supply system; for the sawtooth bionic design, existing research results show that it has a limited effect on the pantograph 300 structure operating under high Reynolds number conditions.

[0023] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 8 , an acoustic cladding layer 100, a noise reduction structure 200 and a pantograph 300 provided in the present application are described in detail through specific embodiments and their application scenarios.

[0024] Some embodiments of the present application disclose an acoustic cladding layer 100, such as Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, it includes a concave-convex layer 110 , a protective layer 120 , a base layer 130 , a substrate layer 140 and a plurality of fasteners 150 .

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the outer side of the concave-convex layer 110 has some interfering flow units 111. The acoustic cladding layer 100 is coated on the structural surface of the pantograph 300, such as the rod surface and the frame surface of the pantograph 300. The concave-convex layer 110 is the outermost structure of the acoustic cladding layer 100 and is directly exposed to the air. If the interfering flow unit 111 makes the airflow pass through the pantograph 300, it will play the role of forced transition and turbulence on the surrounding airflow, thereby suppressing laminar flow diversion, large-scale vortex shedding, etc., reducing the unsteady flow intensity, and suppressing the coherence of unsteady flows in different spatial regions.

[0026] Since the disturbance flow unit 111 forms an uneven outer surface, the airflow is relatively less likely to separate when passing through the surface of the pantograph 300, thereby suppressing vortex shedding. Vortex shedding is one of the important causes of aerodynamic noise and will cause a certain load on the pantograph 300. By suppressing vortex shedding, the aerodynamic noise generated by the pantograph 300 during train operation and the dynamic load it bears can be effectively reduced.

[0027] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the spoiler unit 111 is a woven net formed by a plurality of interlaced ropes.

[0028] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the spoiler unit 111 is a boss, and a plurality of boss arrays are arranged on the outer surface of the concave-convex layer 110 .

[0029] In some embodiments, the spoiler unit 111 is a corrugation (not shown in the figure), and a plurality of corrugation arrays are arranged on the outer surface of the concave-convex layer 110 .

[0030] It is understood that the structure of the spoiler unit 111 is not limited to the above three types, and may also be other protruding structures, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0031] It should be noted that in actual use, the structure and size of the spoiler unit 111 can be differentiated according to the structure, size, specific noise characteristics and noise reduction requirements of the pantograph 300 to meet the use requirements. Of course, the same acoustic coating layer 100 can also be used to cover the structural surface of different pantographs 300 to achieve a noise reduction effect. Differentiated design of the structure and size of the spoiler unit 111 according to different pantographs 300 can achieve a better noise reduction effect.

[0032] like Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, the base layer 130 is made of a porous material and is disposed on the inner side of the concave-convex layer 110. The base layer 130 can reduce the interaction force between the unsteady flow and the surface of the pantograph 300, and suppress the pulsating pressure and dipole sound source intensity on the surface of the pantograph 300 structure. In addition, the base layer 130 can also reduce the interaction force between the wake of the upstream structure of the pantograph 300 and the downstream structure of the pantograph 300, further reducing noise.

[0033] In this embodiment, the base layer 130 can be made of porous soft materials such as cotton, plant fiber, polymer fiber, foam, felt, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0034] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a protective layer 120 is provided between the concavo-convex layer 110 and the base layer 130. During long-term operation of the train, the protective layer 120 can prevent dust, rainwater, etc. from entering the base layer 130, thereby avoiding damage to the base layer 130 and increasing the service life of the base layer 130. In addition, during high-speed operation of the train, the airflow will cause certain wear to the base layer 130, and the protective layer 120 can prevent the worn base layer 130 from leaking out, thereby further increasing the service life of the base layer 130 and preventing particles generated by wear from entering the surrounding operating environment.

[0035] In this embodiment, the protective layer 120 is a carbon fiber cloth with a plastic film, which is flexible, light, and dense, so as to provide waterproof, dustproof, and damage-proof functions for the base layer 130. Of course, the protective layer 120 can also be other structures, which are not limited in this embodiment.

[0036] As an optional solution of this embodiment, a film layer is provided on the inner side of the protective layer 120. The film layer can be made of coated plastic, etc., and further plays the role of waterproofing, dustproofing and damage prevention for the base layer 130.

[0037] As one method of this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the concave-convex layer 110 is a carbon fiber cloth with a plastic film, so that the concave-convex layer 110 can play a role in waterproofing, dustproofing and damage prevention for the base layer 130, and there is no need to set up an additional protective layer 120.

[0038] like Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, a base layer 140 is provided on the inner side of the base layer 130, and the base layer 140 is used to contact the structural surface of the pantograph 300, and together with the protective layer 120 and / or the concave-convex layer 110, the base layer 130 is wrapped and sealed. When the acoustic coating layer 100 is coated on the structural surface of the pantograph 300, the base layer 140 is in direct contact with the structural surface of the pantograph 300. Therefore, in this embodiment, the base layer 140 is formed of fabric, so that the base layer 140 has a large surface roughness, so as to increase the friction between the acoustic coating layer 100 and the structural surface of the pantograph 300 when the acoustic coating layer 100 is coated on the structural surface of the pantograph 300, so that the acoustic coating layer 100 is more stable when coated on the structural surface of the pantograph 300.

[0039] Of course, the base layer 140 may also be made of other materials, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0040] like Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, the protective layer 120 also covers the peripheral side walls of the base layer 130. Since the protective layer 120 covers the peripheral side walls of the base layer 130, and the base layer 140 is arranged on the inner side of the base layer 130, the base layer 130 is fully protected inside the acoustic cladding layer 100, and any part of the base layer 130 is prevented from being exposed to the air. In addition to preventing impurities such as rainwater and dust from entering the base layer 130 from the front, the protective layer 120 can also prevent impurities such as rainwater and dust from entering the base layer 130 from the side, so as to better protect the base layer 130. At the same time, the wear and tear on the base layer 130 caused by the train during high-speed driving will not leak out from the peripheral side walls of the base layer 130, further increasing the service life of the base layer 130.

[0041] like Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, the protective layer 120 also covers the peripheral side wall of the base layer 140 and is connected to the inner side of the base layer 140. By the way that the protective layer 120 also covers the peripheral side wall of the base layer 140 and is connected to the inner side of the base layer 140, the protective layer 120 and the base layer 140 are connected to form a whole, which increases the structural strength and stability of the acoustic cladding layer 100. In addition, a filling space is formed between the protective layer 120 and the base layer 140, and the base layer 130 is arranged in the filling space, which better protects the base layer 130 and increases the service life of the acoustic cladding layer 100.

[0042] The protective layer 120 and the base layer 140 may be connected by bonding, stitching, or the like, which may be flexibly selected according to actual use requirements, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0043] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the concave-convex layer 110 covers the protective layer 120 and is connected to the inner side of the base layer 140. By covering the protective layer 120 with the concave-convex layer 110, the surface area of ​​the concave-convex layer 110 can be increased, so that the concave-convex layer 110 can be provided with more spoiler units 111 to better play the role of forced transition and spoiler of the surrounding airflow. In addition, while covering the protective layer 120, the concave-convex layer 110 is also connected to the inner side of the base layer 140, so that the concave-convex layer 110 and the base layer 140 are connected to form a whole, which increases the structural strength and stability of the acoustic cladding layer 100.

[0044] The concave-convex layer 110 and the base layer 140 may be connected by bonding, stitching, or the like, which may be flexibly selected according to actual use requirements, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of fasteners 150 connect the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140. The concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 are connected by a plurality of fasteners 150, so that the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 form a whole, thereby increasing the structural strength and stability of the acoustic cladding layer 100.

[0046] In some embodiments, the fastener 150 is a metal buckle that passes through the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 from the outside to the inside, so that the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 are connected to form a whole.

[0047] In some embodiments, the fastener 150 is a suture, which passes through the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 back and forth, so that the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 are connected to form a whole.

[0048] In the embodiment where the fastener 150 is a suture, a gasket may be further provided on the outer side of the concave-convex layer 110 and the inner side of the base layer 140, and the suture passes through the two gaskets back and forth to achieve the connection between the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140. The gasket may increase the contact area with the concave-convex layer 110 and the base layer 140, so that the connection of the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 by the suture is more stable, and the local damage of the connection area during long-term use is effectively prevented, thereby improving the overall service life of the structure.

[0049] In some embodiments, the fastener 150 is a rope. One end of the rope passes through the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 in sequence, and then passes through the base layer 140, the base layer 130, the protective layer 120 and the concave-convex layer 110 in sequence to form a knot, so that the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 are connected to form a whole.

[0050] In some embodiments, the fastener 150 is an adhesive layer, and an adhesive layer can be set between the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130, the base layer 140 and other layers, so that the concave-convex layer 110, the protective layer 120, the base layer 130 and the base layer 140 are connected to form a whole.

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, one end of the fastener 150 extends to the outside of the concavo-convex layer 110. By extending one end of the fastener 150 to the outside of the concavo-convex layer 110, the ruggedness of the outside of the concavo-convex layer 110 can be further increased, thereby enhancing the flow disturbance effect.

[0052] Some embodiments of the present application also disclose a noise reduction structure 200, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the acoustic cladding 100 and the mounting member 210 are included.

[0053] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the mounting member 210 is used to fix the acoustic coating layer 100 on the structural surface of the pantograph 300, thereby achieving a stable connection between the acoustic coating layer 100 and the structural surface of the pantograph 300. At the same time, the mounting member 210 is used to fix the acoustic coating layer 100 on the structural surface of the pantograph 300, which facilitates the removal and replacement of the acoustic coating layer 100.

[0054] In some embodiments, Figure 3As shown, the mounting member 210 is a strip-type buckle. The strip-type buckle has a sub-strip and a main strip, one end of the sub-strip and one end of the main strip are arranged on opposite sides of the concave-convex layer 110, and the other end of the sub-strip and the other end of the main strip are connected to each other to fix the acoustic cladding layer 100 on the structural surface of the pantograph 300.

[0055] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the mounting member 210 is adhesive. The adhesive is disposed on the inner side of the base layer 130, and the acoustic coating layer 100 is bonded to the structural surface of the pantograph 300 by the adhesive, so as to fix the acoustic coating layer 100 on the structural surface of the pantograph 300. An anti-adhesive film is disposed on the adhesive to protect the adhesive, ensure that the adhesive is not contaminated, and have good adhesion. Accordingly, when fixing the acoustic coating layer 100 on the structural surface of the pantograph 300, the anti-adhesive film can be torn off.

[0056] In some embodiments, the mounting member 210 is a cable tie (not shown). After the acoustic coating layer 100 is coated on the structural surface of the pantograph 300, the cable tie binds and fixes the acoustic coating layer 100 on the structural surface of the pantograph 300, thereby fixing the acoustic coating layer 100 to the structural surface of the pantograph 300.

[0057] It is understood that the mounting member 210 is not limited to the above three structures, but may also be other structures, and may be flexibly configured according to actual use, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0058] Some embodiments of the present application also disclose a pantograph 300, such as Figure 8 As shown, a noise reduction structure 200 is provided on the structural surface of the pantograph 300. The noise reduction structure 200 can significantly reduce the noise generated by the pantograph 300 during high-speed travel of the train.

[0059] Furthermore, since the acoustic coating layer 100 is fixed to the rod of the pantograph 300 by the mounting member 210 , the acoustic coating layer 100 can adapt to all types of existing pantographs 300 , without the need to improve the structural surface of the pantograph 300 , and the cost is low.

[0060] It should be noted that, in this article, the term "comprises" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of more restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0061] In addition, it should be noted that the scope of the apparatus in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in a reverse order according to the functions involved, for example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0062] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An acoustic coating layer for coating on the structural surface of a pantograph, characterized in that: including a concave-convex layer and a base layer; The outer side of the concave-convex layer has some interfering flow units; The base layer is made of a porous material and is arranged on the inner side of the concave-convex layer.

2. An acoustic cladding layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective layer is provided between the concavo-convex layer and the base layer; A film layer is arranged on the inner side of the protective layer.

3. An acoustic cladding layer according to claim 2, characterized in that: A base layer is provided on the inner side of the base layer, and the base layer is used to contact with the structural surface of the pantograph.

4. An acoustic cladding layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protection layer also covers the peripheral side wall of the base layer.

5. An acoustic cladding layer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective layer also covers the peripheral side wall of the base layer and is connected to the inner side of the base layer.

6. An acoustic cladding layer according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The concave-convex layer covers the protective layer and is connected to the inner side of the base layer.

7. The acoustic cladding layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of fasteners; the plurality of fasteners connect the concave-convex layer, the protective layer, the base layer and the substrate layer.

8. An acoustic cladding layer according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the fastener extends to the outside of the concave-convex layer.

9. A noise reduction structure, characterized in that: The acoustic cladding layer and the mounting member comprise any one of claims 1 to 8; The mounting member is used to fix the acoustic coating layer on the structural surface of the pantograph.

10. A pantograph, characterized in that: The structural surface of the pantograph is provided with the noise reduction structure according to claim 9.

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