Lithium ion battery module level aerosol self-adaptive coating shell

Abstract

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of lithium battery module fire safety, the device can timely trigger an aerosol automatic fire extinguishing device after a lithium battery is subjected to thermal runaway or collision, and a large number of fine aerosol particles are instantly generated through chemical reaction of a solid chemical agent under specific conditions, so that the fire extinguishing effect of the lithium battery module is improved. These particles comprise an inert gas and solid particulates. The combustion condition is completely inhibited before thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery module, and on the basis of judging whether aerosol of the module is triggered or not according to the concentration of the aerosol (particulate matter) in the module, an external collision induction triggering mechanism is added. The original single chemical condition triggering is improved into a double triggering mechanism based on chemical concentration and physical collision, so that the safety performance of the lithium battery module is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fire safety technology of lithium battery modules, in particular to vehicle-mounted power lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] Lithium batteries are widely used in many fields, including electric vehicles, energy storage systems, portable electronic devices, etc., due to their high energy density and lightness. This popularity also brings corresponding safety challenges. Especially in the field of automotive power batteries, thermal runaway of battery modules is frequently triggered. Looking at all thermal runaway accidents of power lithium batteries, the causes can be divided into internal factors (overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit, etc.) and external factors (collision, vibration, impact, extrusion, etc.). Conventional power lithium-ion battery modules often use the method of setting aerosols inside the module to suppress battery thermal runaway. However, since battery module manufacturers have been compressing the use of internal space and structural parts to reduce production costs, configuring aerosol fire protection inside the module will invisibly occupy part of the module space, reduce the module energy density, and increase the module manufacturing cost. To a certain extent, it runs counter to the lithium battery market where energy density represents everything and cost reduction is serious. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention transforms the internal aerosol design into an external aerosol design. And because the external aerosol does not need to consider the cramped space layout in the module, the aerosol content layout is much larger than before, and in addition to the temperature, smoke, and combustible gas concentration monitoring, an additional acceleration sensor is added, which can trigger the aerosol device when a high-intensity collision or impact occurs in the module, greatly increasing the safety of the vehicle-mounted battery module under high-speed operation.

[0004] The present invention transforms the internal aerosol design into an external aerosol design. And because the external aerosol does not need to consider the cramped space layout in the module, the aerosol content layout is much larger than before, and in addition to the temperature, smoke, and combustible gas concentration monitoring, an additional acceleration sensor is added, which can trigger the aerosol device when a high-intensity collision or impact occurs in the module, greatly increasing the safety of the vehicle-mounted battery module under high-speed operation.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a lithium battery module-level aerosol adaptive coating shell, which consists of four parts: a shell, a built-in aerosol module, an aerogel isolation cushion layer, and a coating fixing clamp.

[0006] First of all, the enveloping fixing clamp has flexible and adjustable functions, which is enough to adapt to the mainstream battery modules in the market, reflecting the flexibility of adaptation. Secondly, the shell has a certain shell strength to resist the impact in some abnormal application scenarios and prevent the aerosol device from malfunctioning. Then the aerogel cushion has good elasticity, thermal conductivity, and air permeability, and plays a good elastic isolation. Finally, the built-in aerosol module device has three major functions: control, monitoring, and execution. The main control module is responsible for the power supply of components and the control of the main control board. The thermal sensing trigger module is responsible for monitoring the temperature of the acquisition module. The smoke sensing device is responsible for monitoring and collecting the concentration of gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The combustible gas concentration device is responsible for monitoring and collecting the concentration of combustible gases. The acceleration sensing device is responsible for monitoring the acceleration of the acquisition module. Once the above-mentioned monitoring objects are found to exceed the protection threshold, the aerosol will be detonated by the temperature rise detonation device. The pinholes are evenly arranged on the top of the aerosol module shell to evenly spray the detonated aerosol to cover the module, and the module is thermally runaway suppressed from multiple aspects such as heat absorption and cooling, chemical inhibition, and reducing oxygen concentration.

[0007] The effective effects of the present invention are:

[0008] (1) The present invention saves available space in the module and improves the energy density inside the module;

[0009] (2) The present invention improves the installation space of the aerosol fire extinguishing device, greatly increases the content of the aerosol, and greatly enhances the ability of the aerosol to suppress battery thermal runaway;

[0010] (3) The present invention adds an acceleration monitoring device on the basis of the original temperature, combustible gas concentration, and smoke gas concentration, thereby improving the aerosol device's ability to resist collisions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a lithium-ion battery module-level aerosol adaptive coating shell of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 A top view of an aerosol module of a lithium-ion battery module-level aerosol adaptive coating shell of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 A top view of an adaptive device of a lithium-ion battery module-level aerosol adaptive covering shell according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention.

[0015] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0016] 0 Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of an aerosol adaptive covering shell, which mainly consists of (1) an adaptive covering shell; (2) an aerosol module base; (3) base connecting bolts; (4) an aerosol injection hole; (5) a main control module; (6) a temperature sensing device; (7) an acceleration sensing device; (8) a temperature rise detonation device; (9) a flammable gas monitoring device; (10) a smoke sensing device; (11) an aerogel cushion layer; (12) an adjustable shrink clamp; (13) aerosol particles and other components.

[0017] Taking the power battery module as an example, the adaptive covering shell is securely installed on the power battery module, and the spray hole of the aerosol device is facing the top of the module.

[0018] When the temperature sensor detects that the module temperature has reached the protection temperature, the main control module 5 is triggered to start the temperature rise detonator 8. The temperature rise detonator 8 heats up rapidly so that the fire-fighting aerosol particles quickly turn into liquid and are sprayed from the aerosol spray hole 4 to the module at high speed, thereby achieving thermal runaway fire suppression.

[0019] When the smoke sensor detects that the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the monitoring range have reached the protective concentration, the main control module 5 is triggered to start the temperature rise detonation device 8. The temperature rise detonation device 8 heats up rapidly so that the aerosol particles used for fire fighting quickly turn into liquid and are sprayed from the aerosol injection hole 4 to the module at high speed, thereby achieving thermal runaway fire suppression.

[0020] When the combustible gas sensor detects that the combustible gas concentration within the monitoring range reaches the protective concentration, the main control module 5 is triggered to start the temperature rise detonation device 8. The temperature rise detonation device 8 heats up rapidly so that the fire-fighting aerosol particles quickly turn into liquid and are sprayed from the aerosol injection hole 4 to the module at high speed, thereby achieving thermal runaway fire suppression.

[0021] When the acceleration sensor detects that the acceleration of the protected object exceeds the acceleration threshold, the main control module 5 is triggered to start the temperature rise detonator 8. The temperature rise detonator 8 heats up rapidly so that the aerosol particles used for fire fighting quickly turn into liquid and are sprayed from the aerosol spray hole 4 to the module at high speed, thereby achieving thermal runaway fire fighting suppression.

[0022] The ideal embodiment of the present invention is a revelation. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An aerosol adaptive covering shell, comprising an adaptive shell (1), characterized in that the adaptive (Strong plasticity), it can automatically match different models of battery modules with similar specifications, sizes and storage capacities according to the usage scenario. An aerosol integrated module (2) is installed on the top of the shell, and is connected to the battery module adaptive shell bolts through the aerosol module base (3). The contact surface between the top of the aerosol integrated module and the top of the battery module has an aerogel installation cushion (11). The top surface of the aerosol module is designed with openings, the diameter of the openings is 1mm, and the surface is evenly distributed, which are aerosol injection holes (4). The main control module (5), thermal sensing trigger module (6), combustible gas concentration monitoring module (9), smoke sensing trigger device (10), acceleration sensing trigger device (7), aerosol particles (13), and aerosol heating detonation device (8) are arranged inside the aerosol module. The adaptive housing and the module are connected by an adjustable shrinking hoop (12).

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