Method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing navel orange industrial wastes

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing navel orange industry wastes, which comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing collected navel orange residues and navel orange trees into fragments, with the solid content of the navel orange residues being 24% and the solid content of the navel orange trees being 36%; 2, the solid waste obtained in the step 1 is mixed with 10% wheat bran, wherein the ratio of the navel orange residues to the navel orange trees to the wheat bran is 3: 6: 1; 3, the organic mixed base material obtained in the step 2 is disinfected and then used for edible mushroom planting; and 4, breeding hermetia illucens by using the waste base material obtained in the step 3 to obtain the insect protein and the bio-organic fertilizer. And a circular economy concept is realized, and the utilization of resources is maximized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant regeneration and utilization, and specifically relates to a method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and biological organic fertilizer by utilizing navel orange industry waste. Background Art

[0002] Gannan navel orange is a specialty of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, and a national geographical indication product of China. Gannan navel orange has a superior production environment and a long history of cultivation. It is known as the "World Orange Hometown" and is the region with the largest navel orange planting area in the world. According to the latest data, the planting area of ​​Gannan navel orange reached 1.94 million mu in 2023, and the output is expected to reach 1.8 million tons.

[0003] To preserve the fruits, fruit farmers prune and pick the orange trees, and the inferior fruits that remain are piled up. In the rainy season, the orange trees will drop fruits if there is too much rainfall, and in cold waves, the orange trees will die easily due to low temperatures. There is also the extremely destructive and contagious Huanglongbing disease, and in severe cases, the diseased trees must be dug up.

[0004] The traditional method of composting discarded navel oranges has a long conversion cycle and requires timely turning over of the material to determine the progress of fermentation. It occupies a large area and has low conversion efficiency. Improper treatment will have a negative impact on the environment and the composting effect will be greatly reduced. Pile up the cut branches and trunks to rot or burn them with diseased orange trees to generate electricity, which is not in line with the concept of green production.

[0005] According to our understanding, this waste residue treatment method is rarely used in southern Jiangxi, and the benefits it generates are low. According to existing cultivation technology, edible mushrooms are mainly cultivated with wood-decaying fungi, supplemented by grass-decaying fungi, and the cultivation raw materials require a large amount of wood resources. Under this background, broad-leaved tree chips, which are the main raw materials for edible mushroom cultivation, are in short supply and their prices are rising. In order to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of edible mushroom substrate raw materials, in recent years, the National Edible Fungi Industry Technology System has successively carried out research on the cultivation of edible fungi with corn cobs, corn stalks, rice straw, soybean straw, cottonwood, and mushroom residue, and formed a series of industrialization technologies.

[0006] Therefore, we have specially developed a method for using navel orange industry waste to produce edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer. Navel orange waste is used as the main base material and then mixed with 10% bran. The mixed planting base material can be sterilized and used for bagging and covering soil to grow fungi. The materials after harvesting mushrooms are used to breed black soldier flies, and insect pupae are used to feed native chickens, and insect sand is used to improve soil structure, realizing circular economy and green production. Summary of the invention

[0007] Purpose of the invention: In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industry waste.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer by using navel orange industry waste, which comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Pretreatment of navel orange waste

[0011] crushing the collected navel orange pulp and navel orange trees into pieces;

[0012] Step 2: Get the organic mixed base

[0013] The broken pieces obtained in step 1 are mixed with wheat bran to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is sterilized after fermentation to obtain an organic mixed base;

[0014] Step 3: Mushroom cultivation

[0015] Using the organic mixed base obtained in step 2 for growing edible mushrooms;

[0016] Step 4: Cultivating black soldier flies using waste substrate

[0017] The waste base material obtained after the cultivation of edible mushrooms in step 3 is used for breeding black soldier flies to obtain insect protein and biological organic fertilizer.

[0018] Since the black soldier fly is a saprophytic insect, it has the ability to convert organic waste into nutrients such as protein. It can convert base material waste into biological organic fertilizer while turning itself into insect protein after pupation. The black soldier fly insect protein contains a large amount of fatty acids and protein that can be used as feed.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] On the one hand, the present invention uses navel orange waste as a substrate to cultivate edible mushrooms, and converts the waste residue to be treated into an organic mixed base material that can be reused, which can meet the planting requirements of "Gan mushrooms" represented by Agrocybe edulis, Lentinula edodes, Auricularia auricula, Bamboo fungus, Agaricus bisporus, Ganoderma lucidum, etc., which not only saves the cost of waste treatment, but also can obtain reliable benefits by utilizing waste water, and does not pollute the environment;

[0021] On the other hand, in the process of breeding black soldier flies with waste base materials, black soldier flies will release proteases and cellulases, which are used to decompose residual protein, cellulose and other organic substances in the waste base materials after growing fungi. As a result, the base materials after growing mushrooms contain residual protein, cellulose and other macromolecular organic substances, which can be directly used as nutrients for black soldier fly breeding. The two form a virtuous circle, thereby improving the breeding efficiency of black soldier fly breeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and Examples. According to the following examples, the present invention can be better understood. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the specific material ratios, process conditions and results described in the examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not and will not limit the present invention described in detail in the claims.

[0024] Example

[0025] The present invention provides a method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing waste from navel orange industry. Figure 1 As shown, the steps are as follows:

[0026] Step 1: Pretreatment of navel orange waste

[0027] crushing the collected navel orange pulp and navel orange trees into pieces;

[0028] Step 2: Get the organic mixed base

[0029] The broken pieces obtained in step 1 are mixed with wheat bran to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is sterilized after fermentation to obtain an organic mixed base;

[0030] Step 3: Mushroom cultivation

[0031] Using the organic mixed base obtained in step 2 for growing edible mushrooms;

[0032] Step 4: Cultivating black soldier flies using waste substrate

[0033] The waste base material obtained after the cultivation of edible mushrooms in step 3 is used for breeding black soldier flies to obtain insect protein and biological organic fertilizer.

[0034] On the one hand, the invention cultivates edible mushrooms with navel orange waste as a matrix, and converts the waste residue to be processed into a reusable organic mixed base material, which can meet the planting requirements of "Gan mushrooms" represented by Agrocybe edulis, Lentinula edodes, Auricularia auricula, Dictyophora indica, Agaricus bisporus, Ganoderma lucidum, etc., which not only saves the cost of waste treatment, but also can obtain reliable benefits by utilizing waste water without pollution to the environment; on the other hand, since the black soldier fly is a saprophytic insect and has the ability to convert organic waste into nutrients such as protein, it can convert the base material into biological organic fertilizer while becoming a pupa and becoming insect protein. The black soldier fly insect protein contains a large amount of fatty acids and proteins and can be used as feed. The base material after mushrooms are planted contains residual protein, cellulose and other macromolecular organic substances, which can be directly used as nutrients for black soldier fly breeding. In the process of breeding black soldier flies with the waste base material, the black soldier flies can release protease and cellulase to decompose residual protein, cellulose and other organic substances in the base material waste after mushrooms are planted, thereby improving the breeding efficiency of black soldier flies.

[0035] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 1, the particle size of the crushed pieces is less than 3 mm.

[0036] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 1, the solid content of the navel orange pomace is 20% to 40%, and the solid content of the navel orange tree is 30% to 60%.

[0037] More specifically, in one embodiment, in step 1, the solid content of the navel orange pomace is 24%, and the solid content of the navel orange tree is 36%.

[0038] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 1, the fragments obtained from the navel orange residue contain 18.8% to 27% soluble solids (sugar, acid, vitamins, minerals, etc.), calculated by weight, including 22.0 to 25.0 g of sugars, 1.5 g to 1.8 g of protein, 380 mg to 450 mg of amino acids, 0.12 mg to 0.26 mg of vitamin A, 0.03 mg to 0.16 mg of vitamin B1, 0.03 mg to 0.07 mg of vitamin B2, 86 g to 96 g of cellulose, 20 mg to 60 mg of calcium, 0.5 mg to 1.2 mg of iron, 20 mg to 40 mg of phosphorus, 15 mg to 25 mg of magnesium, 250 mg to 450 mg of potassium, 0.15 mg to 0.25 mg of manganese, and 0.25 mg to 0.45 mg of zinc. The fragments are rich in various nutrients, provide balanced and comprehensive fertilizer, have strong staying power, can fully promote the normal growth of mushrooms, and are beneficial to the absorption of required nutrients by mycelium cells.

[0039] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 1, the fragments obtained from the navel orange residue contain 18.8-27% soluble solids, including 22.0-25.0 g of carbohydrates, 1.7 g of protein, 403.4 mg of amino acids, 0.254 mg of vitamin A, 0.15 mg of vitamin B1, 0.06 mg of vitamin B2, 96.0 g of cellulose, 50 mg of calcium, 1.1 mg of iron, 35 mg of phosphorus, 22 mg of magnesium, 330 mg of potassium, 0.22 mg of manganese, and 0.34 mg of zinc.

[0040] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 2, the mass ratio of the navel orange pulp, the navel orange tree and the wheat bran is (2-4):(5-7):1.

[0041] More specifically, in one embodiment, in step 2, the mass ratio of the navel orange pulp, the navel orange tree and the wheat bran is (3-4):(5-6):1.

[0042] More specifically, in one embodiment, in step 2, the mass ratio of the navel orange pulp, the navel orange tree and the wheat bran is 3:6:1.

[0043] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 2, fermenting the mixture includes: fermenting under the conditions of pH 7-8, temperature 45°C-55°C, and humidity 50%-70%, and turning the mixture when the natural fermentation temperature reaches 58-60°C.

[0044] Further specifically, in one embodiment, in step 2, fermenting the mixture includes: fermenting under the conditions of pH 7.5, temperature 50°C, and humidity 55%, and turning the mixture when the natural fermentation temperature reaches 60°C.

[0045] Specifically, in one embodiment, the fermentation time of the mixture is 3-6 days.

[0046] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 2, the sterilization treatment is high temperature and high pressure sterilization, and the high temperature and high pressure sterilization includes: a sterilization temperature of 120° C., a sterilization pressure of 0.1 MPa, and a sterilization time of 2 hours;

[0047] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 2, the edible mushrooms include at least one of Agrocybe edulis, Lentinula edodes, Auricularia auricula, Bamboo fungus, Agaricus bisporus, and Ganoderma lucidum.

[0048] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 3, the edible mushroom cultivation includes: inoculating mushroom spawn into the organic mixed base, and culturing the spawn in a cultivation room with a temperature of 25° C.-35° C., an atmospheric humidity of 75%-85%, and a light intensity of 200-220 lux.

[0049] More specifically, in one embodiment, in step 3, the edible mushroom cultivation includes: inoculating mushroom spawn into the organic mixed base, and performing spawn cultivation in a cultivation room with a temperature of 25° C., an atmospheric humidity of 80%, and a light intensity of 200-220 lux.

[0050] More specifically, in one embodiment, the inoculation amount of the mushroom spawn is 50 g to 150 g. Furthermore, the inoculation amount is 100 g.

[0051] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 4, the base waste contains 1.5g-1.7g of protein and 74g-77g of cellulose.

[0052] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 4, the culture conditions for breeding black soldier flies with the base material waste include: temperature of 25±2°C, humidity of 60%±5%, and photoperiod of 14L:10D.

[0053] Specifically, in one embodiment, in step 4, the water content of the base material waste is 55%-75%.

[0054] The following will be combined with the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1 Edible mushroom cultivation

[0056] A method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industry waste, the method is to link the two processes of navel orange waste treatment and edible mushroom cultivation, the method comprises the following steps:

[0057] Step 1, pretreatment of navel orange waste:

[0058] Crush the navel orange pulp and navel orange tree into pieces with a particle size of less than 3 mm.

[0059] The solid content of the pieces of navel orange pulp is 24%, and the solid content of the pieces of navel orange tree is 36%. The pieces of navel orange pulp contain 22% soluble solids, which are 23.6g of sugar, 1.6g of protein, 421mg of amino acid, 0.21mg of vitamin A, 0.12mg of vitamin B1, 0.46mg of vitamin B2, 89g of cellulose, 54mg of calcium, 0.86mg of iron, 34mg of phosphorus, 18mg of magnesium, 330mg of potassium, 0.21mg of manganese and 0.33mg of zinc.

[0060] Step 2, obtain organic mixed base:

[0061] Add wheat bran to the pieces obtained in step 1 and adjust the parameters to obtain the following three sets of mass ratios:

[0062] Formula 1, navel orange pulp: navel orange tree: wheat bran = 2:7:1;

[0063] Recipe 2, navel orange pulp: navel orange tree: wheat bran = 3:6:1;

[0064] Recipe 3, navel orange pulp: navel orange tree: wheat bran = 4:5:1,

[0065] By adding water in small amounts and multiple times, the water content is 65%, the pH is 7.5, and the fermentation starts at a temperature of 50°C and a humidity of 55%, and the time is 3-6 days. When the natural fermentation temperature reaches 60°C, turn the material over. After turning the pile twice, fill the material with polypropylene plastic bags, control the sterilization temperature to 120°C, the sterilization pressure to 0.1MPa, and the sterilization time to 2h. Step 3, edible mushroom cultivation:

[0066] When the bag is cooled to 30℃, the oyster mushroom spawn is inoculated. After the inoculation, the spawn is cultured in a cultivation room with a temperature of 25℃, an atmospheric humidity of 80%, and a light intensity of 200-220lux. To ensure the good growth of oyster mushrooms, the air humidity is controlled to be maintained at 65%-75%. The mycelium growth is observed and recorded.

[0067] Germination time refers to the time from inoculation of mycelium to the appearance of mycelium visible to the naked eye.

[0068] Growth rate refers to an indicator that measures how fast mycelium grows in a certain time and space. The calculation method is:

[0069] Inoculate the bacteria onto a plate culture medium, and measure the diameter of the colony at fixed time intervals (such as every day or every two days) using a vernier caliper or other measuring tools.

[0070] The growth rate of mycelium was calculated based on the colony diameter data measured at different time points. The formula is "growth rate = (colony diameter measured last time - colony diameter measured last time) ÷ time interval between two measurements".

[0071] Mycelial growth refers to the comprehensive state of mycelial growth and development in the culture medium, mainly including growth rate, mycelial morphology, and mycelial vitality. "+" means that the mycelial growth is good, the growth rate is normal, the mycelial morphology is normal, the density is moderate, the color is white and uniform, the vitality is strong, and there is no obvious sign of contamination by foreign bacteria; "++" means that the mycelial growth is excellent, the growth rate is fast, the mycelial density is uniform, the thickness is consistent, the color is bright and white, the branches are many and regular, the vitality is very strong, and the mycelial growth can be quickly colonized and grown on the new culture medium; "+++" means that the mycelial is in the best state, with outstanding performance in all aspects, the growth rate is far beyond the general level, the mycelial morphology is perfect, and it has maintained strong vitality throughout the culture process and has strong resistance to various adverse factors.

[0072] Biological efficiency refers to the percentage of the fresh weight of edible fungi to the dry weight of the culture medium used.

[0073] Biological efficiency (%) = (fruiting body fresh weight ÷ culture medium weight) × 100%

[0074] Energy value refers to the measure of energy contained in a substance, which is mainly calculated based on the content of each component and its energy coefficient.

[0075] For example, for the carbohydrate part, the energy that can be provided by carbohydrates per gram of dry weight of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body is: carbohydrate content (ratio to dry weight) × carbohydrate energy coefficient.

[0076] Table 1- Growth of Pleurotus ostreatus with different ratios

[0077]

[0078] Table 2- Effects of different ratios on the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies

[0079]

[0080] As shown in Table 1, under the ratio of 3:6:1, that is, under the condition of Formula 2, the shortest mycelium germination time is 1d, the fastest growth rate is 0.75±0.04cm / d, the mycelium growth is the best, and the highest biological efficiency is 79.28±2.61%, which are better than Formula 1 and Formula 3. As shown in Table 2, under the ratio of 3:6:1, that is, under the condition of Formula 2, the protein content of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body is the highest at 32.42%, the carbohydrate content is the highest at 55.27%, the crude fiber content is the highest at 18.39%, and the fat content is the highest at 2.4%, which are better than Formula 1 and Formula 3.

[0081] Example 2: Cultivation of Black Soldier Flies Using Waste Substrate

[0082] The collected 6-day-old larvae of black soldier flies were inoculated into the waste substrate of the cultivated fungus with a moisture content of 45%, 60% and 75% respectively. Fifty larvae of similar length were inoculated in each treatment, and 3 biological replicates were performed in each group. The larvae were fed in a plastic box covered with a plastic cover with breathable gauze to prevent the larvae from escaping. The larvae were placed in a constant temperature and humidity incubator (temperature 25±2℃, humidity 60%±5%, photoperiod 14L:10D).

[0083] In the experiment, each group initially added 200g of prepared base waste, observed the feeding and growth of black soldier fly larvae every day, and added materials appropriately according to the feeding situation until 80% of the larvae reached the prepupal stage and stopped feeding, and left for 24 hours to empty the insect intestines, and terminated the experiment. The insect feces were separated from the black soldier fly insects by artificial sieving, and the insects were placed in a 65℃ oven to dry to constant weight to calculate the moisture content, and the remaining insects were stored in a -40℃ refrigerator for the next step of analysis; the insect feces were naturally air-dried, ground, sieved and stored for the subsequent determination of physical and chemical indicators.

[0084] Comparative Example 1: Black soldier flies cultured with organic mixed substrate

[0085] The same as Example 2, except that the organic mixed base prepared by Formula 2 in Step 2 of Example 1 is directly used for feeding.

[0086] Test Case

[0087] 1. Analysis of base material composition

[0088] The changes in the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic mixed base before and after the cultivation of edible mushrooms, and after the organic mixed base waste was continued to be used for the cultivation of black soldier flies are shown in the following table. Before and after the cultivation of edible mushrooms, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic mixed base decreased from 45 to 34, which is closer to the carbon-nitrogen ratio suitable for the growth of black soldier flies.

[0089] Table 3 - Changes in the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the base material before and after culturing edible mushrooms

[0090] Carbon Nitrogen Ratio Protein content (g) Cellulose content (g) Before breeding 45 1.7 87 After breeding 34 1.5 73

[0091] 2. Growth of black soldier flies

[0092] The growth results of the black soldier flies in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 4. When the moisture content of the base material waste is 60%, the shortest growth period is 14 days, the longest body length is 21.2 mm, the maximum body weight is 0.23 g, and the crude protein and crude fat contents are the highest, which are 45.2% and 23% respectively, which are better than the growth of black soldier flies when the moisture content of the base material waste is 45% and 75%.

[0093] Table 4 Growth of black soldier flies

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] Note: (The growth cycle is only from the rearing stage to the pupation stage, the body length is the average body length of a single black soldier fly, and the weight is the average weight of a single black soldier fly)

[0097] 3. Biological organic fertilizer produced after the decomposition of black soldier flies

[0098] The biological organic fertilizer produced after the decomposition of black soldier flies in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 was measured, and the results are shown in Table 5. Under three different insect sand moisture contents, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the biological organic fertilizer produced after the decomposition of black soldier flies can meet the national organic fertilizer technical requirements.

[0099] Table 5-Organic fertilizer content detection

[0100]

[0101] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the two processes of treating navel orange waste, raising black soldier flies and planting edible mushrooms are linked together, which can improve energy utilization and realize circular economy and green production.

[0102] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industry waste, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: Step 1, pretreatment of navel orange waste: crushing the collected navel orange residue and navel orange trees into pieces; Step 2, obtaining an organic mixed base material: mixing the broken pieces obtained in step 1 with wheat bran to obtain a mixed material, and sterilizing the mixed material after fermentation to obtain an organic mixed base material; Step 3, edible mushroom cultivation: using the organic mixed base material obtained in step 2 for edible mushroom cultivation to obtain edible mushrooms; Step 4, cultivating black soldier flies with waste base materials: using the waste base materials obtained after the cultivation of edible mushrooms in step 3 to cultivate black soldier flies to obtain insect protein and biological organic fertilizer.

2. A method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industry waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the particle size of the crushed pieces is less than 3 mm.

3. A method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industry waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the solid content of the navel orange pomace fragments is 20%-40%, and the solid content of the navel orange tree fragments is 30%-60%.

4. The method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industry waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the pieces obtained from the navel orange residue contain 18.8-27% of soluble solids, which, by weight, include 22.0-25.0g of carbohydrates, 1.5g-1.8g of protein, 380mg-450mg of amino acids, 0.12mg-0.26mg of vitamin A, 0.03mg-0.16mg of vitamin B1, 0.03mg-0.07mg of vitamin B2, 86g-96g of cellulose, 20mg-60mg of calcium, 0.5mg-1.2mg of iron, 20mg-40mg of phosphorus, 15mg-25mg of magnesium, 250mg-450mg of potassium, 0.15mg-0.25mg of manganese, and 0.25mg-0.45mg of zinc.

5. The method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industry waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the mass ratio of the navel orange pulp, the navel orange tree pulp and the wheat bran is (2-4):(5-7):

1.

6. The method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industrial waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the mixed material fermentation includes: fermenting under the conditions of pH 7-8, temperature 45°C-55°C, and humidity 50%-70%, and turning the material when the natural fermentation temperature reaches 58°C-60°C.

7. The method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industrial waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the sterilization treatment is high temperature and high pressure sterilization, and the high temperature and high pressure sterilization includes: a sterilization temperature of 120° C., a sterilization pressure of 0.1 MPa, and a sterilization time of 2 hours.

8. The method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using navel orange industrial waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the edible mushroom cultivation includes: inoculating mushroom spawn into the organic mixed base, and performing spawn culture in a cultivation room with a temperature of 25° C.-35° C., an atmospheric humidity of 75%-85%, and a light intensity of 200-220 lux.

9. The method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using waste from navel orange industry as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the base waste contains 1.5g-1.7g of protein and 74g-77g of cellulose.

10. The method for producing edible fungi, insect protein and bio-organic fertilizer using waste from navel orange industry as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the culture conditions for breeding black soldier flies with the base waste include: temperature of 25±2°C, humidity of 60%±5%, photoperiod of 14L:10D, and the water content of the base waste is 55%-75%.

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