A ladle for efficient alloy smelting

Abstract

The present invention provides a ladle for efficient alloy smelting, including a ladle body, a bottom argon blowing mechanism, and a sealed ladle cover mechanism; the ladle body sequentially includes a ladle outer shell, a nano-aerogel heat insulation layer, a heat preservation layer, and a refractory working layer from outside to inside; the bottom argon blowing mechanism includes a rotating base, a driving motor, and a multi-stage gradient porous plug brick, which can make the bubbles uniformly refined, improve the refining efficiency of molten steel, enhance the anti-blocking ability of the porous plug brick, and the gradient structure can disperse the thermal stress and extend the service life of the porous plug brick; the sealed ladle cover mechanism includes an arc-shaped ladle cover and a ceramic fiber sealing gasket, which cooperate with the heat preservation structure of the ladle body to form a multi-layer composite heat insulation structure as a whole, reduce the temperature drop when opening the ladle, the ceramic fiber sealing gasket can compensate for the deformation of the ladle due to thermal expansion and contraction, ensure the sealing effect, improve the dynamic sealing performance, reduce the air leakage rate, and extend the service life of the ladle cover.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting and casting, and particularly relates to a ladle for efficient alloy smelting. Background Art

[0002] A ladle is an important device in the metallurgical industry. Ladle metallurgy is a method of further refining the crude molten steel produced by a steelmaking furnace by pouring it into a ladle, used to remove impurities such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur in the molten steel, adjust the temperature and composition of the molten steel, and reduce non-metallic inclusions. Ladle metallurgy usually includes ladle argon blowing treatment. A gas supply element is installed on the ladle to blow argon into the molten steel, forming a large number of fine argon bubbles, which are used to evenly the temperature and composition of the molten steel, degas, and remove inclusions.

[0003] When the current ladle for alloy smelting is in use, due to structural defects, the refining effect on molten steel is still insufficient, including: 1. The argon blowing treatment effect of ladle metallurgy is not good, and the purity and uniformity of argon input need to be improved. The existing argon protection devices usually introduce a large amount of argon at the bottom or top air inlet of the ladle, which is likely to cause waste of argon and uneven distribution of argon in the molten steel. In addition, the insufficient structural tightness of the ladle is also likely to cause argon leakage, resulting in insufficient argon purity in the ladle. The above situations lead to low efficiency and poor effect of degassing and impurity removal after argon blowing; 2. The tightness and heat preservation effect of the ladle are poor. On the one hand, the temperature of the molten steel drops too fast during pouring and transportation to the continuous casting site, and the molten steel contacts the air over a large area. Argon leakage and doping will also occur during argon blowing due to insufficient tightness, reducing the quality of the finished steel. The impact of high-temperature molten steel and the cooling effect of high-speed air flow during argon blowing will also cause significant temperature differences inside the porous plug, resulting in thermal stress concentration and affecting the performance of the porous plug, thereby affecting the argon blowing effect. On the other hand, too high a temperature of the molten steel will also cause a decrease in the viscosity, surface tension, and wetting angle of the molten steel, thereby increasing the tendency of steel penetration and reducing the ladle blow-through rate. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the ladle for alloy smelting to improve the smelting efficiency and finished product effect of the ladle. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is proposed to solve the problem of the smelting efficiency of the ladle for alloy smelting, specifically including problems such as low efficiency of ladle argon blowing treatment and poor tightness and heat preservation effect of the ladle, and provides a ladle for efficient alloy smelting.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An efficient ladle for alloy smelting, comprising a ladle body, a bottom argon blowing mechanism and a sealing cover mechanism; the bottom argon blowing mechanism is located at the bottom of the ladle body to achieve bottom argon blowing, so as to reduce the contents of nitrogen, hydrogen and waste metal inclusions in the steel, and to make the composition and temperature of the molten steel uniform; the sealing cover mechanism is located at the top of the ladle cylinder to seal the top of the ladle body, avoid gas leakage, and reduce the temperature loss during the transfer of the ladle.

[0007] The ladle body sequentially includes a ladle shell, a nano-aerogel heat insulation layer, a heat preservation layer, and a refractory working layer from outside to inside; a nano-aerogel heat insulation layer is arranged between the ladle shell and the heat preservation layer to effectively isolate the heat inside and outside the ladle body and achieve a better heat preservation effect.

[0008] Argon enters the interior of the ladle body through the bottom argon blowing mechanism. The bottom argon blowing mechanism includes a rotating seat, a driving motor, and a multi-stage gradient permeable brick. The rotating seat is installed at the bottom of the ladle body. The driving motor is connected to the rotating seat and drives the rotating seat to rotate around its own axis. When the rotating seat rotates, it is sealed with the ladle body. The multi-stage gradient permeable brick is arranged in the rotating seat. Different parts inside the multi-stage gradient permeable brick are provided with pores with three different diameter gradient structures of thick pores - fine pores - micropores. The thick pores are located on the side of the multi-stage gradient permeable brick close to the outside of the ladle, and the micropores are located on the side of the multi-stage gradient permeable brick close to the inside of the ladle; the driving motor controls the rotation of the rotating seat, and the multi-stage gradient permeable brick on the rotating seat also rotates accordingly. Argon rotates with the multi-stage gradient permeable brick and evenly enters the interior of the ladle body, improving the argon blowing effect; in addition, the pores of the multi-stage gradient permeable brick are distributed in a gradient structure of "thick pores - fine pores - micropores" at different positions, so that argon bubbles enter the ladle body in a dispersed manner, the bubble volume is smaller, and the reaction with the molten steel is more sufficient.

[0009] The sealing cover mechanism is hermetically installed at the top of the ladle body. The sealing cover mechanism includes an arc-shaped cover and a ceramic fiber sealing gasket. The ceramic fiber sealing gasket is installed as a lining on the side of the arc-shaped cover close to the inside of the ladle body. The shape of the arc-shaped cover matches the ladle opening at the top of the ladle body. The arc-shaped cover can better fit with the top of the ladle body, thereby improving the sealing performance. The ceramic fiber sealing gasket as a lining has stronger resistance to steel slag erosion and is more stable.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, the thickness of the nano-aerogel heat insulation layer is 10 - 20 mm.

[0011] In this implementation manner, the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the ladle body is isolated by the nano-aerogel heat insulation layer, thereby improving the heat preservation effect of the ladle and making the temperature drop of the molten steel in the ladle body lower during the transportation and transfer process.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the outer layer of the ladle shell is coated with a high-reflectivity metal coating.

[0013] In this implementation, the high-reflectivity metal coating can be an aluminum-magnesium alloy coating, which can form heat reflection, reduce radiation and convective heat dissipation, and thus reduce the temperature drop of the molten steel inside the ladle during transportation and transfer.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the pore diameters of the coarse pores, fine pores, and micro-pores of the multi-stage gradient porous plug are 1 - 1.5 mm, 0.5 - 0.8 mm, and 0.1 - 0.3 mm respectively.

[0015] In this implementation, the approximate ratio of the diameters of the coarse pores, fine pores, and micro-pores is 3:2:1. Argon is dispersed step by step through the gradient pore diameters, which can make the bubbles uniformly refined, improve the refining efficiency of molten steel, and the coarse pore layer can intercept large particle impurities, the fine pore layer slows down the penetration of molten steel, and the blockage rate of the porous plug is greatly reduced, enhancing the anti-blocking ability.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the outer layer of the multi-stage gradient porous plug is coated with a silicon nitride anti-erosion coating.

[0017] In this implementation, it can effectively improve the anti-erosion ability of the multi-stage gradient porous plug and extend the service life of the porous plug.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the rotating base includes a rotating wall cylinder, a rotating shaft, and a rotating bracket. A through hole is opened at the bottom of the ladle body. The rotating wall cylinder is sealingly installed in the through hole. The rotating shaft is located at the central position of the rotating wall cylinder. The rotating shaft is connected to the driving motor and rotates under the control of the driving motor. The rotating bracket is installed on the rotating shaft. The rotating bracket rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft. The end of the rotating bracket is sealingly connected to the rotating wall cylinder. The multi-stage gradient porous plugs are installed in the rotating bracket in an array.

[0019] In this implementation, the rotating base can drive the multi-stage gradient porous plugs to rotate periodically. The argon covers a larger and more uniform area at the bottom inside the ladle body. The flow of molten steel during rotation can scour the surface of the porous plug, reducing the blockage of the porous plug, and by adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating base, different steel types can be matched.

[0020] In a possible implementation, ultrasonic vibrators are installed beside the multi-stage gradient porous plugs. The ultrasonic vibrators are connected to an argon gas source and break the argon bubbles into micrometers and then send them into the multi-stage gradient porous plugs.

[0021] In this implementation, the ultrasonic oscillator can shatter the argon bubbles before they enter the porous plug, improving the speed and uniformity of argon entering the main body of the ladle, reducing the clogging rate of the porous plug, and enhancing the desulfurization efficiency. It is particularly suitable for high-sulfur steel grades, such as petroleum pipeline steel.

[0022] In a possible implementation, an electric heating coil and an infrared temperature measurement module are installed at the bottom of the main body of the ladle. Both the electric heating coil and the infrared temperature measurement module are connected to a control device to maintain the temperature of the molten steel in the main body of the ladle within a preset range.

[0023] In this implementation, the temperature of the molten steel in the main body of the ladle can always be maintained within a better range, avoiding the molten steel temperature being too high or too low. Moreover, it can play a certain heating role in the argon blown from the bottom, reducing the temperature drop of the molten steel and preventing the thermal shock cracking of the porous plug caused by the too low temperature of the argon bubbles.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the sealing cover mechanism further includes a hydraulic driving device, which is used to drive the opening and closing movement of the arc-shaped cover. In this implementation, the movement of the arc-shaped cover is more labor-saving and controllable, and the opening and closing speed is greatly increased.

[0025] In a possible implementation, the ceramic fiber gasket is a multi-layer composite structure, including an outer dense ceramic layer, a middle porous fiber layer, and an inner flexible graphite layer.

[0026] In this implementation, the ceramic fiber gasket has good high-temperature adaptability, can adapt to the alloy smelting temperature and resist the erosion of steel slag; it has a good elastic pre-compression rate, can compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the ladle, ensure a good sealing effect at the top of the main body of the ladle. Moreover, for the above multi-layer composite structure, the outermost layer plays an anti-erosion effect, the middle layer plays a heat insulation effect, and the inner layer plays a good sealing effect, extending the service life of the sealing point, and blocking the heat transfer inside and outside the arc-shaped cover, reducing the heat load of the surrounding equipment.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. Improve the argon blowing mechanism at the bottom of the ladle for alloy smelting. Use a multi - stage gradient porous brick. The pores in the brick are divided into "coarse - fine - micro" levels. The inner pore diameter is smaller closer to the main body of the ladle, which can evenly refine the bubbles, improve the refining efficiency of molten steel, enhance the anti - clogging ability of the porous brick, and the gradient structure can disperse thermal stress and extend the service life of the porous brick. The multi - stage gradient porous bricks are installed in an array on the rotating seat, and the rotating seat is driven by a motor to rotate, enabling the argon bubbles to cover the inner bottom of the ladle main body without dead angles, so as to fully react with the molten steel. When the multi - stage gradient porous brick rotates, the molten steel flows and scours its surface, effectively reducing local clogging. The synergistic effect of argon micro - bubbles and the rotating argon blowing method effectively improves the dehydrogenation efficiency and inclusion removal rate of molten steel, and effectively improves the utilization rate of argon.

[0029] 2. Improve the main body of the ladle for alloy smelting. Add a nano - aerogel thermal insulation layer between the ladle shell and the thermal insulation layer, which can effectively reduce radiation and convective heat dissipation, reduce the temperature drop rate, achieve a better thermal insulation effect, and thus improve the quality of the finished steel in ladle smelting.

[0030] 3. Improve the sealed ladle cover mechanism for alloy smelting. Set an arc - shaped ladle cover with a ceramic fiber gasket, which can reduce heat loss when opening the ladle. Acting in synergy with the thermal insulation structure of the ladle main body, it forms a multi - layer composite adiabatic structure as a whole, maintaining the molten steel temperature within a better smelting temperature range. The pre - compression rate of the ceramic fiber gasket is 30% - 40%, which can compensate for the deformation of the ladle due to thermal expansion and contraction, ensure the sealing effect, improve the dynamic sealing performance, reduce the air leakage rate, and extend the service life of the ladle cover. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following - described drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an efficient ladle for alloy smelting;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the argon blowing mechanism at the bottom of the ladle;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the rotating seat;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sealed ladle cover mechanism;

[0036] Figure 5It is a schematic longitudinal sectional structure diagram of the sealed ladle cover mechanism in the closed state on the ladle body.

[0037] Among them, the ladle body 1, the ladle shell 11, the nano-aerogel thermal insulation layer 12, the thermal insulation layer 13, and the refractory working layer 14;

[0038] The bottom blowing argon mechanism 2 of the ladle, the rotating seat 21, the rotating wall cylinder 211, the rotating shaft 212, the rotating bracket 213, the driving motor 22, the multi-stage gradient breathable brick 23, the thick holes 231, the fine holes 232, and the micropores 233;

[0039] The sealed ladle cover mechanism 3, the arc-shaped ladle cover 31, and the ceramic fiber gasket 32;

[0040] The electric heating coil 4. Specific embodiments

[0041] To further understand the purpose, structure, characteristics, and functions of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in this part.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "length", "width", "thickness", "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. Unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as "set", "installed", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0043] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 , a ladle for efficient alloy smelting, including a ladle body 1, a bottom blowing argon mechanism 2 of the ladle, and a sealed ladle cover mechanism 3. The molten steel is smelted in the ladle body 1. The structure of the ladle body 1 is the same as or similar to the main structure of the current ladle for alloy smelting, and will not be elaborated here; the bottom blowing argon mechanism 2 of the ladle is located at the bottom end of the ladle body 1 and can be connected to an argon gas source to allow argon gas to enter the ladle body 1 from the bottom for the argon blowing process in ladle smelting; the sealed ladle cover mechanism 3 is located at the top end of the ladle body 1 and can seal the top end of the ladle body 1, reducing the probability of air leakage during ladle smelting and reducing the temperature drop during the transfer or transportation of the molten steel, thereby reducing heat loss and ensuring that the temperature of the molten steel is always maintained within a certain range, improving the quality of the finished steel.

[0044] Appendix Figure 1The structural schematic diagram of a ladle for efficient alloy smelting according to the present invention is disclosed. It only discloses the relative installation positions and simple structural modification schematics of the ladle body 1, the bottom argon-blowing mechanism 2, and the sealed ladle cover mechanism 3 in the present invention, including the hierarchical structure improvement of the ladle body 1, the brief structural schematic of the argon-blowing mechanism, and the brief structural schematic of the sealed ladle cover mechanism 3. It does not represent the physical structure of the ladle for alloy smelting of the present invention. The common structures on the ladle are omitted. This figure is only an auxiliary reference and explanation for the specification.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 , the ladle body 1 sequentially includes a ladle outer shell 11, a nano-aerogel thermal insulation layer 12, a thermal insulation layer 13, and a refractory working layer 14 from outside to inside. The structure of the ladle body 1 is improved by adding a nano-aerogel thermal insulation layer 12 between the ladle outer shell 11 and the thermal insulation layer 13, which plays a role in isolating thermal radiation. This multi-layer composite heat insulation structure of the ladle body 1 can reduce radiation and convective heat dissipation, and can effectively reduce the temperature drop rate when the molten steel in the ladle is transported and transferred.

[0046] In the multi-layer structure of the ladle body 1, the ladle outer shell 11 is usually made of steel, and its main function is to provide structural support and protect the internal refractory materials from the external environment. The nano-aerogel thermal insulation layer 12 uses nano-aerogel thermal insulation materials, which do not decompose or release harmful gases at high temperatures and are the materials with the lowest known thermal conductivity at present. It comprehensively blocks heat transfer by suppressing heat conduction, blocking heat convection, and blocking thermal radiation, improving the heat insulation effect of the ladle body 1. The thermal insulation layer 13 can be made of refractory fiber boards. The refractory working layer 14 includes a permanent layer and a working layer. The permanent layer can be built with clay bricks or high-aluminum bricks to obtain good high-temperature resistance and erosion resistance, and can withstand long-term contact with molten steel. The working layer can be built with high-aluminum bricks, chlorite bricks, or aluminum-carbon bricks. Magnesia-carbon bricks can be used at the wiring part to improve erosion resistance and wear resistance. The working layer can also be integrally poured with magnesia-aluminum castables to improve the durability of the inner lining of the ladle body 1.

[0047] In some embodiments, the thickness of the nano-aerogel thermal insulation layer 12 is 10-20 mm. Optionally, according to the actual situation, only the nano-aerogel thermal insulation layer 12 can be retained and the thermal insulation layer 13 can be removed to save costs.

[0048] In some embodiments, a high-reflectivity metal coating is coated on the outer layer of the ladle outer shell 11. Optionally, the high-reflectivity metal coating is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy, which can reflect thermal radiation and cooperate with the thermal insulation layer to form a reflection-barrier double-effect heat insulation structure, effectively reducing external thermal radiation and convective heat dissipation, reducing the temperature drop rate, and enabling the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle for alloy smelting to be effectively maintained within a better range.

[0049] Please refer toFigure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , argon enters the interior of the ladle body 1 through the argon blowing mechanism 2 at the bottom of the ladle. The argon blowing mechanism 2 at the bottom of the ladle includes a rotating seat 21, a driving motor 22, and a multi-stage gradient porous plug 23. The rotating seat 21 is installed at the bottom of the ladle body 1. The driving motor 22 is connected to the rotating seat 21 and drives the rotating seat 21 to rotate around its own axis. When the rotating seat 21 rotates, it is sealed with the ladle body 1. The multi-stage gradient porous plug 23 is arranged in the rotating seat 21. The interior of the multi-stage gradient porous plug 23 is provided with pores with three different diameter gradient structures of large pores 231 - fine pores 232 - micropores 233. The large pores 231 are located on the side of the multi-stage gradient porous plug 23 close to the outside of the ladle, and the micropores 233 are located on the side of the multi-stage gradient porous plug 23 close to the inside of the ladle.

[0050] The argon blowing mechanism 2 at the bottom of the ladle is located at the bottom of the ladle body 1 and is connected to the argon gas source to realize bottom argon blowing in ladle smelting. Its purposes include: 1. To carry out the nitrogen and hydrogen gases in the steel out of the molten steel, thereby reducing the content of nitrogen and hydrogen gases in the steel; 2. By blowing argon to strongly stir the molten steel, the fine particles in the molten steel collide with each other and combine into large particle inclusions, which is conducive to floating and removal, thereby reducing the inclusion content in the steel; 3. Blowing argon stirring can make the composition and temperature of the ladle uniform and improve the recovery rate of deoxidizers and alloy materials; 4. Bottom argon blowing can be realized through the porous plug, which is simpler, faster and safer than top argon blowing operation.

[0051] The present invention makes structural improvements to the porous plug and uses a multi-stage gradient porous plug 23. The pores for ventilation are divided into three different grades of "large pores 231 - fine pores 232 - micropores 233". The diameters of the pores of these three grades decrease gradually. Among them, the pores of the large pores 231 are located on the side close to the outside of the ladle body 1, the pores of the micropores 233 are located on the side close to the inside of the ladle body 1, and the pores of the fine pores 232 are located between the large pores 231 and the micropores 233. The quick connector of the argon blowing mechanism 2 at the bottom of the ladle is connected to the connecting hose of the argon gas source. Argon enters the porous plug and passes through the large pores 231, the fine pores 232, and the micropores 233 in sequence, and finally enters the ladle body from the pores of the micropores 233. The interior of the porous plug is designed with a three-layer pore diameter gradient. The pore diameter of the large pore 231 layer is the largest and is close to the gas source side, which can reduce the flow resistance of argon. The pore diameter of the fine pore 232 layer is moderate and is an intermediate transition layer, which can evenly distribute the gas flow. The pore diameter of the micropore 233 layer is the smallest and contacts the molten steel inside the steel plate body. Argon passes through the micropore 233 layer to generate micron-sized argon bubbles and enters the molten steel.

[0052] The beneficial effects of using multi-stage gradient bricks include: 1. The above structure of the porous brick disperses argon step by step through the gradient pore size. Finally, the micron-sized bubbles entering the molten steel have a surface area 2-3 times larger than the millimeter-sized argon bubbles of the traditional single-stage porous brick. They enter the molten steel more uniformly and finely, fully carry out hydrogen and nitrogen in the molten steel, and effectively agglomerate non-metallic inclusions in the molten steel to make them float out, effectively improving the refining efficiency of the molten steel. 2. The above structure of the porous brick disperses argon step by step through the gradient pore size. The pore size on the side contacting the molten steel in the ladle is the smallest. The 232 layers of fine pores can effectively slow down the penetration of the molten steel, and the 231 layers of coarse pores can effectively intercept large particle impurities, greatly increasing the anti-blocking ability of the porous brick. 3. The above structure of the porous brick disperses argon step by step through the gradient pore size. The thermal stress generated by the molten steel in the ladle is also effectively dispersed, and the service life of the porous brick is increased from the traditional 300 heats to 500 heats.

[0053] In some embodiments, the pore sizes of the coarse pores 231, fine pores 232, and micropores 233 of the multi-stage gradient porous brick 23 are 1-1.5 mm, 0.5-0.8 mm, and 0.1-0.3 mm respectively. The pore size ratio of the coarse pores 231: fine pores 232: micropores 233 is approximately 3:2:1, so that the argon bubbles will not affect the rate when passing through the pores of different hierarchical pore sizes, ensuring the gas flow rate and rate of argon blowing. Finally, when entering the molten steel from the multi-stage gradient porous brick 23, they are micron-sized and more evenly distributed.

[0054] In some embodiments, the outer layer of the multi-stage gradient porous brick 23 is coated with a silicon nitride anti-erosion coating. The coating of this material can withstand high temperatures not lower than 1700 °C, effectively protecting the multi-stage gradient porous brick 23 from being damaged by the high-temperature ladle smelting temperature and extending the service life of the porous brick.

[0055] The bottom argon-blowing mechanism 2 of the present invention is also provided with a rotating seat 21 and is connected to a driving motor 22. The multi-stage gradient porous brick 23 is installed in the rotating seat 21 in an array. The driving motor 22 controls the rotation of the rotating seat 21, and the rotation of the rotating seat 21 drives the multi-stage gradient porous brick 23 thereon to rotate. The multi-stage gradient porous brick 23 can be arranged in a circular array in the rotating seat 21. It is advisable to use 6-8 multi-stage gradient porous bricks 23 as a group. The base of the rotating seat 21 is driven by a motor. Preferably, a servo motor can be used to drive the rotating seat 21 to facilitate the forward and reverse rotation switching.

[0056] The beneficial effects of installing the multi-stage gradient permeable brick 23 to rotate within the rotating seat 21 include: 1. The rotating base drives the permeable brick to rotate periodically, and the argon bubbles are thrown into the molten steel in the ladle body 1 by the rotation of the permeable brick, so that the coverage area of the argon gas bubbles is increased. Under the action of inertia, it can basically cover the left and right areas of the inner bottom of the ladle body 1, so as to fully play the role of dehydrogenation, denitrification and removing non-metallic inclusions. 2. The rotating base drives the permeable brick to rotate, and the molten steel will continuously flow and scour the surface of the permeable brick during the rotation process, thereby reducing the nodulation and local blockage of the permeable brick and achieving a good self-cleaning effect. 3. The rotation speed and direction of the rotating seat 21 can be controlled by adjusting the control parameters of the motor, so as to match the argon blowing requirements during the ladle smelting of different steel grades. For example, when smelting high-carbon steel grades in the ladle, the rotating seat 21 is controlled to rotate at a low speed, and when smelting stainless steel in the ladle, the rotating seat 21 is controlled to rotate at a high speed. Exemplarily, the rotation speed of the motor driving the rotating seat 21 can be 0.5-2 r / min.

[0057] Preferably, the motor can also be connected to an external control device, and the rotation speed and direction of the driving motor 22 are controlled by using a gas flow closed-loop control algorithm, so that the argon gas flow rate of bottom argon blowing during ladle smelting is always controlled within a better range, thereby obtaining a better argon blowing effect. The gas flow closed-loop control algorithm can dynamically adjust the argon gas flow rate based on the composition and temperature data of the molten steel, and is controlled by the PID algorithm to reduce the argon gas consumption, avoid argon gas waste, and is beneficial to high-precision smelting.

[0058] In some embodiments, the rotating base 21 includes a rotating wall cylinder 211, a rotating shaft 212, and a rotating bracket 213. A through hole is provided at the bottom of the ladle body 1. The rotating wall cylinder 211 is sealingly installed in the through hole. The rotating shaft 212 is located at the central position of the rotating wall cylinder 211. The rotating shaft 212 is connected to the driving motor 22 and rotates under the control of the driving motor 22. The rotating bracket 213 is installed on the rotating shaft 212 and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 212. The end of the rotating bracket 213 is sealingly connected to the rotating wall cylinder 211. The multi-stage gradient permeable bricks 23 are installed in the rotating bracket 213 in an array. The rotating wall cylinder 211 and the rotating base 21 cooperate with each other. The rotating wall cylinder 211 is a hollow cylindrical structure. The overall top view structure of the rotating base 21 is circular and its diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the rotating wall cylinder 211. A sealed turntable is formed between the outer peripheral part of the rotating base 21 and the inner wall of the rotating wall cylinder 211. When the rotating base 21 rotates, a dynamic seal is formed between it and the rotating wall cylinder 211, avoiding the leakage of argon or the mixing of argon with air resulting in insufficient purity. A vertically extending rotating shaft 212 is provided at the center of the rotating base 21. The rotating shaft 212 is connected to the external driving motor 22 and rotates around the rotating shaft 212 under the control of the driving motor 22. The rotating base 21 is evenly divided into several fan-shaped compartments around the rotating shaft 212 to form a circular array. A shape-matching multi-stage gradient permeable brick 23 is placed in each fan-shaped compartment, and each permeable brick can be detachably replaced. Preferably, 6-8 permeable bricks are grouped together and installed in an annular array.

[0059] In some embodiments, a stirrer is provided at the central position of the rotating base 21, that is, at one end of the rotating shaft 212 located inside the ladle body 1, or a stirring fan blade is installed at one end of the rotating base 21 close to the inside of the ladle body 1. In this way, when the rotating base 21 rotates, it will drive the stirrer or the stirring fan blade on it to rotate together, thereby playing a role in stirring the molten steel, improving the uniformity of the molten steel composition, and shortening the refining time.

[0060] In some embodiments, ultrasonic vibrators are installed beside the multi-stage gradient permeable bricks 23. The ultrasonic vibrators are connected to an argon gas source and break the argon bubbles into micrometers and then send them into the multi-stage gradient permeable bricks 23. The frequency of the ultrasonic vibrators can be selected from 20 - 40 kHz. The cavitation effect is used to further refine the argon bubbles, and the diameter of the bubbles is quickly reduced to the micrometer level, improving the desulfurization efficiency and being more suitable for high-sulfur steel grades such as petroleum pipeline steel.

[0061] In some embodiments, an electric heating coil 4 and an infrared temperature measurement module are installed at the bottom of the ladle body 1. Both the electric heating coil 4 and the infrared temperature measurement module are connected to a control device to maintain the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle body 1 within a preset range. On the one hand, this electric heating coil 4 is arranged at the bottom of the steel plate body. Besides heating and insulating the molten steel, it can also preheat the argon blowing mechanism 2 at the bottom of the ladle. After preheating, the argon bubbles are injected into the molten steel in the ladle body 1, which can effectively reduce the temperature drop of the molten steel, prevent low-temperature argon from entering the porous plug and causing thermal shock cracking of the porous plug, and prevent the situation of nodulation and blockage caused by the high-low temperature conflict at the contact position between the multi-stage gradient porous plug 23 and the molten steel. The electric heating coil 4 can adjust the heating power in real time to maintain the molten steel temperature within a fluctuation range of ±5°C, effectively avoiding the pollution of traditional gas preheating and reducing energy consumption.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the sealed ladle cover mechanism 3 is hermetically installed on the top of the ladle body 1. The sealed ladle cover mechanism 3 includes an arc-shaped ladle cover 31 and a ceramic fiber gasket 32. The ceramic fiber gasket 32 is installed as a lining on the side of the arc-shaped ladle cover 31 close to the inside of the ladle body 1. The shape of the arc-shaped ladle cover 31 matches the ladle opening at the top of the ladle body 1.

[0063] The sealed ladle cover mechanism 3 of the present invention has been structurally improved. The arc-shaped ladle cover 31 is adopted, and its shape matches the ladle opening at the top of the ladle body 1, reducing gaps and improving the sealing effect. The arc-shaped ladle cover 31 can be made of a high-temperature resistant alloy as the ladle cover matrix. The ceramic fiber gasket 32 is used. Preferably, alumina-based ceramic fiber can be used, which can withstand high temperatures of at least 1600°C, with a thickness of 10 - 20 mm, having good high-temperature adaptability, effectively resisting molten steel splashing and thermal deformation, and having stronger erosion resistance. The pre-compression rate of the ceramic fiber gasket 32 is designed to be 30 - 40%, which can compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the ladle, thereby further improving the ladle cover sealing performance.

[0064] In some embodiments, the ceramic fiber gasket 32 is a multi-layer composite structure, including an outer dense ceramic layer, a middle porous fiber layer, and an inner flexible graphite layer. The outermost layer plays an anti-erosion effect, the middle layer plays a heat insulation effect, and the inner layer plays a good sealing effect, extending the service life of the sealing point, and blocking the heat transfer inside and outside the arc-shaped ladle cover 31, reducing the heat load of the surrounding equipment.

[0065] In some embodiments, the sealed ladle cover mechanism 3 further includes a hydraulic drive device. The hydraulic drive mechanism is used to drive the opening and closing movement of the arc-shaped ladle cover 31. The hydraulic drive mechanism is connected to an external controller and can drive the arc-shaped ladle cover 31 to open and close quickly under command control, thereby reducing the heat loss during ladle opening, avoiding manual close-range operation of the high-temperature area of the ladle, and reducing the risks of scalding and molten steel splashing.

[0066] The beneficial effects of adopting the sealed cover mechanism 3 include: 1. The arc-shaped cover 31 adopts an arc-shaped fitting design, making the cover shape match the ladle opening, which can reduce gaps and improve the sealing effect; 2. The ceramic fiber gasket 32 is adopted to compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the ladle through compression, improve the cover sealing effect, and is more resistant to high temperature and erosion, extending the service life of the cover; 3. The hydraulic system is used to drive the cover to close quickly, shortening the opening time, quickly sealing to block air entry, reducing the generation amount of oxidation slag on the molten steel surface, and remote control avoids manual operation in the high-temperature area of the ladle at close range, reducing the risks of scalding and molten steel splashing. The arc-shaped cover 31, the ceramic fiber gasket 32, and the hydraulic drive system cooperate with each other, which can effectively improve the dynamic sealing performance, reduce heat loss, reduce energy consumption, and extend the service life.

[0067] The improvement of the ladle main body structure, the improvement of the bottom argon blowing mechanism structure, and the improvement of the sealed cover mechanism structure of the present invention cooperate with each other, effectively improving the dynamic sealing performance of the top, main body, and bottom of the ladle for alloy smelting, thereby improving the heat preservation effect, reducing energy consumption, and improving the quality of the finished steel; the bottom coil induction heating also cooperates with the bottom argon blowing mechanism to preheat the argon and reduce the temperature difference between the argon and the molten steel; the structural improvement of the multi-stage gradient porous plug in the bottom argon blowing mechanism combined with the rotating seat can greatly improve the argon blowing effect and the refining steel efficiency.

[0068] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments have their own focuses. For the parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0069] The present invention has been described by the above related embodiments. However, the above embodiments are only examples for implementing the present invention, which are used to help understand the technical solution and its core idea of the present application. It must be pointed out that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention; on the contrary, the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; the modifications and refinements made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention all fall within the scope of the patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient ladle for alloy smelting, characterized by: It includes a ladle body, a ladle bottom argon blowing mechanism and a ladle cover sealing mechanism; The ladle body includes, from outside to inside, a ladle shell, a nano-aerogel insulation layer, a thermal insulation layer, and a refractory working layer; The bottom argon blowing mechanism is located at the bottom of the ladle body, and argon gas enters the interior of the ladle body through the bottom argon blowing mechanism. The bottom argon blowing mechanism includes a rotating seat, a driving motor, and a multi-level gradient air-permeable brick. The rotating seat is installed at the bottom of the ladle body. The driving motor is connected to the rotating seat and drives the rotating seat to rotate around its own axis. When the rotating seat rotates, it is sealed with the ladle body. The multi-level gradient air-permeable brick is arranged in the rotating seat. Different parts of the multi-level gradient air-permeable brick are provided with three types of coarse holes, fine holes and micro holes. Pores with different diameter gradient structures, the coarse pores are located on the side of the multi-level gradient air-permeable brick close to the outside of the ladle, the micropores are located on the side of the multi-level gradient air-permeable brick close to the inside of the ladle, and the fine pores are located between the coarse pores and the micropores, and argon gas passes through the coarse pores, the fine pores, and the micropores in sequence, and finally enters the ladle body from the micropores; an electric heating coil and an infrared temperature measurement module are installed at the bottom of the ladle body, and the electric heating coil and the infrared temperature measurement module are both connected to the control device and maintain the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle body within a preset range; The sealing cover mechanism is sealingly installed on the top of the ladle body. The sealing cover mechanism includes an arc-shaped cover and a ceramic fiber sealing pad. The ceramic fiber sealing pad is installed as an inner lining on a side of the arc-shaped cover close to the inside of the ladle body. The shape of the arc-shaped cover matches the top ladle opening of the ladle body.

2. The efficient alloy smelting ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the nano aerogel heat insulation layer is 10-20 mm.

3. The efficient alloy smelting ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layer of the ladle shell is coated with a high reflectivity metal coating.

4. The efficient alloy smelting ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameters of the coarse pores, fine pores and micropores of the multi-level gradient air-permeable brick are 1-1.5 mm, 0.5-0.8 mm and 0.1-0.3 mm respectively.

5. The efficient alloy smelting ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layer of the multi-level gradient air-permeable brick is coated with a silicon nitride anti-corrosion coating.

6. The efficient alloy smelting ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating seat includes a rotating wall cylinder, a rotating shaft, and a rotating bracket. A through hole is opened at the bottom of the ladle body. The rotating wall cylinder is sealed and installed in the through hole. The rotating shaft is located at the center of the rotating wall cylinder. The rotating shaft is connected to the driving motor and rotates under the control of the driving motor. The rotating bracket is installed on the rotating shaft. The rotating bracket rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft. The end of the rotating bracket is sealed and connected to the rotating wall cylinder. The multi-stage gradient air permeable bricks are installed in the rotating bracket in an array.

7. The efficient alloy smelting ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ultrasonic vibrator is installed beside the multi-level gradient air-permeable brick. The ultrasonic vibrator is connected to an argon gas source and breaks the argon bubbles into micron-sized ones and then sends them into the multi-level gradient air-permeable brick.

8. The efficient alloy smelting ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing cover mechanism also includes a hydraulic drive device, and the hydraulic drive mechanism is used to drive the opening and closing of the arc-shaped cover to move.

9. The efficient alloy smelting ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ceramic fiber sealing pad is a multi-layer composite structure, including an outer dense ceramic layer, a middle porous fiber layer and an inner flexible graphite layer.

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