Hoisting structure, hoisting method and hoisting receiving method of heading machine

Abstract

The invention provides a lifting structure, a lifting method and a heading machine lifting receiving method, and relates to the technical field of lifting machineries, the lifting structure comprises a lifting hook, a force regulator and a lifting rope, the force regulator is provided with at least one fixed beam, guide devices are arranged at the two ends of the fixed beam respectively, and each guide device comprises a pulley, a force sensor and a displacement assembly; the force sensor is installed on the pulley, the pulley is driven by the displacement assembly to reciprocate in the length direction of the fixed beam, the middle of the lifting rope is hung on the lifting hook, the two ends of the lifting rope penetrate through the pulley at the two ends of the fixed beam and then are connected with a heavy object to be lifted, and the force sensor measures force borne by the pulley in real time. The displacement assembly adjusts the position of the pulley in real time according to measurement data of the force sensor. According to the invention, the distribution of the force on the lifting rope can be effectively improved and adjusted in real time, and the large-volume heading machine can be lifted in a limited space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hoisting machinery, and in particular to a hoisting structure, a hoisting method and a hoisting and receiving method for a tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of subway tunnels, due to limited ground space, the scheme of receiving tunnel boring machines in existing underground buildings has gradually become a new method. There are two main receiving schemes for this method. One is that the size of the tunnel boring machine is larger than the size of the interface floor slabs. When receiving the tunnel boring machine, the tunnel boring machine shell needs to be discarded and poured later so that the shell plays the role of tunnel pipe section. At this time, the tunnel boring machine and other parts can be disassembled and hoisted out of the tunnel; the other is that the size of the tunnel boring machine is smaller than the size of the interface floor slabs. The tunnel boring machine can be pushed into the existing building as a whole and then disassembled or hoisted as a whole. Both of the above receiving schemes require the disassembly and hoisting of the tunnel boring machine. During the disassembly and hoisting process, due to the large size and weight of the tunnel boring machine itself, a large lifting device is required. The height and width of the existing building space limit the transportation, assembly and operation of the lifting device, so that the tunnel boring machine has to be disassembled and transported as much as possible, causing delays in the construction period.

[0003] In view of this, the inventor has designed a lifting structure, a lifting method and a tunnel boring machine lifting and receiving method based on many years of production design experience in this field and related fields and through repeated experiments, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lifting structure, a lifting method and a method for lifting and receiving a tunnel boring machine, which can improve and adjust the distribution of force on the lifting rope in real time, ensure the balance of the lifting structure, and lift a large-volume tunnel boring machine in a limited space.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a lifting structure, wherein the lifting structure includes a hook, a force regulator and a lifting rope, the force regulator has at least one fixed beam, and guide devices are respectively provided at both ends of the fixed beam, and the guide device includes a pulley, a force sensor and a displacement assembly. The pulley reciprocates along the length direction of the fixed beam under the drive of the displacement assembly, the middle of the lifting rope is hung on the hook, and the two ends of the lifting rope respectively pass through the pulleys at both ends of the fixed beam and are connected to the weight to be lifted, the force sensor measures the force applied to the pulley in real time, and the displacement assembly adjusts the position of the pulley in real time according to the measurement data of the force sensor.

[0006] The present invention further provides a lifting method, using the lifting structure as described above to lift heavy objects, wherein the lifting method comprises:

[0007] The hook is installed on the crane system, and each lifting rope is folded in half, so that the middle section of the lifting rope is hung on the hook, and the two ends of the lifting rope are respectively passed through the outer groove of the corresponding pulley and connected to the lifting ears on the weight;

[0008] The crane system performs a trial lift on the weight, adjusts the position of the pulley according to the force data detected by each force sensor, and until the difference in force data between the two force sensors on the same fixed beam is less than a predetermined value, the crane system is used to lift the weight.

[0009] The present invention further provides a method for hoisting and receiving a tunnel boring machine, wherein the tunnel boring machine is hoisted using the hoisting structure as described above, wherein the method for hoisting and receiving a tunnel boring machine comprises:

[0010] A receiving platform is constructed at the location where the tunnel boring machine is to be received, a hole is reserved in the top plate above the receiving platform, and the hole is protected with a steel sleeve;

[0011] The hook is installed on the crane system, and each lifting rope is folded in half, so that the middle section of the lifting rope is hung on the lifting hook, and the two ends of the lifting rope are respectively passed through the outer grooves of the corresponding pulleys. Under the guidance of the pulleys, the lifting ropes are extended into the ground through the steel sleeves and connected to the lifting ears on the tunnel boring machine;

[0012] The tunnel boring machine is hoisted on the receiving platform, and the tunnel boring machine is hoisted for trial. The position of the corresponding pulley is adjusted according to the detection data of each force sensor of the hoisting structure until the force sensors feedback that the force is balanced, and then the tunnel boring machine is officially hoisted.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics and advantages:

[0014] The lifting structure, lifting method and roadheader lifting and receiving method proposed in the present invention can effectively distribute the lifting weight by changing the gravity borne by each lifting rope and the position of the lifting point through a force adjuster, quickly adjust the angle between each lifting rope, the force direction of each lifting rope, and the position of each lifting point, thereby realizing the smooth lifting of the roadheader in a small space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings described herein are only for explanation purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components in the figures are only schematic, used to help understand the present invention, and are not specifically limited to the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can select various possible shapes and proportional dimensions to implement the present invention according to the teachings of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition of the force regulator in the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the guide device in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the universal support in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the hoisting process of the tunnel boring machine in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the receiving platform of the tunnel boring machine in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the receiving process of the tunnel boring machine in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the receiving process of the tunnel boring machine in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of a force regulator structure of the present invention (I);

[0024] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram (II) of another embodiment of the force regulator structure of the present invention;

[0025] Fig.10 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the force regulator structure of the present invention.

[0026] Description of Reference Numerals

[0027] 100. Lifting structure; 10. Force regulator; 11. Hook; 12. Lifting rope; 13. Crane system; 14. Transfer trolley; 15. Guide rail; 16. Existing building roof; 17. Existing working pit; 18. New tunnel segment; 21. Steel column; 22. Extended steel sleeve; 23. Steel purlin; 24. Steel brace; 3. Guide device; 31. Pin; 32. Pulley; 33. Drive mechanism; 34. Force sensor; 4. Universal bearing; 41. Upper gasket of bearing; 42. Lower gasket of bearing; 43. Ball joint; 44. Fixed anchor rod; 5. Bubble level; 61. Limit baffle; 62. Limit block; 71. Track; 72. Fixed beam; 8. Steel sleeve; 81. Spare steel sleeve; 82. Extended steel sleeve; 83. Lifting eye; 91. Ground; 92. TBM; 93. Top plate; 94. Middle plate; 95. Bottom plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are only used for the purpose of explaining the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention in any way. Under the guidance of the present invention, technicians can conceive of any possible variations based on the present invention, which should all be considered to belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention proposes a lifting structure 100, including a hook 11, a force regulator 10 and a lifting rope 12, the force regulator 10 has at least one fixed beam 72, and guide devices 3 are respectively arranged at both ends of the fixed beam 72, the guide device 3 includes a pulley 32, a force sensor 34 and a displacement assembly, the pulley 32 reciprocates along the length direction of the fixed beam 72 under the drive of the displacement assembly, the middle of the lifting rope 12 is hung on the hook 11, and the two ends of the lifting rope 12 pass through the pulleys 32 at both ends of the fixed beam respectively and are connected to the weight to be lifted, the force sensor 34 measures the force on the pulley 32 in real time, and the displacement assembly adjusts the position of the pulley 32 according to the measurement data of the force sensor 34 in real time.

[0030] The lifting structure 100 proposed by the present invention has two or more lifting ropes 12 hung on a hook 11, and both ends of the lifting ropes 12 pass through the pulley 32 of the guide device 3 to change to a vertical direction, so that the lifting ropes 12 can maintain a vertical state when connected to a heavy object, thereby achieving that the various components of the lifted heavy object can be evenly lifted and lowered without changing the force on the lifting ropes 12 on a hook 11.

[0031] The lifting structure 100 proposed in the present invention has a displacement component that changes the positions of the two ends of the suspension rope 12 and the distance between the two ends of the suspension rope 12 by adjusting the position of the pulley 32, thereby changing the gravity borne by the two ends of the suspension rope 12 and the positions of the suspension points at the two ends; at the same time, the force applied to the pulley 32 is detected by the force sensor 34 to determine the weight borne by the corresponding end of the suspension rope 12. The displacement component adjusts the position of the pulley 32 according to the detection data of the force sensor 34, thereby maintaining the uniform distribution of force on the suspension rope 12 in real time, and can adjust the orientation of the heavy object in time to prevent the heavy object from tipping over.

[0032] The lifting structure 100 proposed in the present invention can effectively distribute the lifting weight by changing the gravity borne by each end of the lifting rope 12 and the position of the lifting point through the force regulator 10, and quickly adjust the angle between the two ends of the lifting rope 12, the force direction of the lifting rope 12, and the position of each lifting point, thereby realizing the smooth lifting of large heavy objects in a small space.

[0033] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the lifting structure 100 includes more than two lifting ropes 12, the force regulator 10 has more than two cross-arranged fixed beams 72, the lifting ropes 12 are aligned with the fixed beams 72 one by one, the force sensor 34 is installed on the pulley 32, the pulley 32 is installed on the fixed beam 72 through a displacement assembly and moves back and forth along the length direction of the fixed beam 72 under the drive of the displacement assembly.

[0034] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the hook 11 is connected to the crane system 13 for connecting and lifting heavy objects. The rope 12 is folded in half, the middle section of the rope 12 is hung on the hook 11, and the two ends of the rope 12 are connected to the heavy object, and the two ends of the rope 12 are kept equal in length. During use, the rope 12 needs to pass through the groove of the pulley 32, and then turn from the inclined state to the vertical state. The above structure does not increase the weight borne by the rope 12.

[0035] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, each fixed beam 72 is provided with a through slot extending vertically, each through slot is provided along the length direction of the fixed beam, and tracks 71 are provided on both sides of the through slot. The displacement assembly includes a pin shaft 31 and a driving mechanism 33. The pin shaft 31 passes through the pulley 32 along the axial direction of the pulley 32, and the pulley 32 is partially provided in the through slot. Both ends of the pin shaft 31 extend into the track 71, and each track 71 is provided with a rack portion. Both ends of the pin shaft 31 are provided with a gear portion, which meshes with the rack portion. The driving mechanism 33 is connected to one end of the pin shaft 31 and drives the gear portion to rotate through the pin shaft 31. With the above structure, the driving mechanism 33 drives the pin shaft 31 to rotate, thereby driving the gear portion to mesh with the rack portion, and finally changing the position of the pulley 32.

[0036] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism 33 is a driving motor, which can provide a rotational force for the gear part or limit the rotation of the gear part.

[0037] In another optional embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism 33 is a hydraulic driving mechanism.

[0038] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the drive mechanism 33 has a start switch, which can be a physical switch or a remote control switch. When the start switch is a remote control switch, the operator can control the start and stop of the drive mechanism 33 on the ground 91 through the remote control switch.

[0039] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a limiting structure for preventing the pulley 32 from detaching is further provided at the end of the fixed beam 72 .

[0040] In an optional example of this embodiment, the limiting structure includes a limiting baffle 61 arranged at the end of the fixed beam 72 .

[0041] In an optional example, the limiting structure further includes a limiting block 62 disposed at the intersection of the two fixed beams 72 .

[0042] The limiting baffle 61 and the limiting block 62 not only prevent the pulley 32 from falling off, but also fix the track 71 .

[0043] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the force sensor 34 is composed of a strain gauge or a force sensitive resistor. When the force applied to the monitoring position is strained, the resistance value of the strain gauge or the force sensitive resistor also changes accordingly, and the corresponding electrical signal can be calculated to obtain the force change value at that point. With the above structure, the force applied to the pulley 32 can be detected in real time through the force sensor 34.

[0044] In an optional example of this embodiment, the strain gauge (or force sensitive resistor) of the force sensor 34 is disposed on the pin shaft of the pulley 32 .

[0045] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the lifting structure 100 also includes a control unit (not shown in the figure), each force sensor 34 and each driving mechanism 33 is electrically connected or communicatively connected to the control unit, the control unit receives detection data of the force sensor 34, and the control unit sends a start-stop signal to the corresponding driving mechanism 33 according to the detection data.

[0046] In the present embodiment, each force sensor 34 detects the force of the corresponding pulley 32 in real time and transmits the detection data to the control unit. The control unit controls the driving mechanism 33 to fine-tune the position of each pulley 32 according to the detection data, thereby ensuring in real time that the forces at both ends of each suspension rope 12 are uniform, and the forces on each suspension rope 12 are uniform, thereby ensuring that the weight is in a stable state and preventing the weight from tipping over.

[0047] In an optional example of this embodiment, a calculation program is preset in the control unit, and the force regulator 10 can be automatically adjusted through the calculation program without manual operation.

[0048] In an optional example of this embodiment, the force adjuster 10 has a bubble level 5, and the bubble level 5 is arranged on the fixed beam 72. Through the bubble level 5, it can be observed whether the force adjuster 10 is horizontal.

[0049] In an optional example, the bubble level 5 is disposed on the upper surface of the limit block 62 to facilitate observation by an operator.

[0050] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, both ends of each fixed beam 72 are also provided with a universal support 4. The function of the universal support 4 is to fix the force regulator 10 on the uneven ground so that it does not move vertically or horizontally, ensuring that the force regulator 10 remains horizontal during operation.

[0051] In an optional example of this embodiment, the universal support 4 includes a support upper gasket 41, a support lower gasket 42 and a ball joint 43. The support upper gasket 41 is fixed to the bottom surface of the fixed beam 72, and the ball joint 43 connects the support lower gasket 42 and the support upper gasket 41. The support lower gasket 42 can be rotated by the ball joint 43 to adapt to various uneven roads. When the bubble level 5 detects that the force regulator 10 is not in a horizontal position, it is adjusted by changing the thickness of the support upper gasket 41.

[0052] In an optional example of this embodiment, a plurality of reserved holes for fixing anchor rods 44 are provided on the support lower pad 42. The support lower pad 42 can be anchored on the ground by fixing the anchor rods 44, further ensuring the stability of the force regulator 10.

[0053] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 As shown, the force regulator 10 has two fixed beams 72, which are arranged crosswise, and the intersection position is the midpoint position of each fixed beam 72. Each suspension rope 12 corresponds to a fixed beam 72.

[0054] In another optional embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 9 , Fig.10 As shown, the force regulator 10 may also be provided with 3, 4 or more fixed beams 72, each fixed beam 72 is cross-arranged and the cross position is the midpoint position of each fixed beam 72, each fixed beam 72 is in the same plane, and each fixed beam 72 is correspondingly provided with a suspension rope 12.

[0055] The present invention further provides a lifting method, which uses the lifting structure 100 to lift heavy objects. The lifting method includes:

[0056] The hook 11 is installed on the crane system 13, and each rope 12 is folded in half, so that the middle section of the rope 12 is hung on the hook 11, and the two ends of the rope 12 are respectively passed through the outer grooves of the corresponding pulley 32 and connected to the lifting ears on the weight;

[0057] The crane system 13 performs a trial lift of the weight, and adjusts the position of the pulley 32 according to the detection data of each force sensor 34 until the difference in force data of the two force sensors 34 on the same fixed beam 72 is less than a predetermined value, and then the crane system 13 is used to lift the weight.

[0058] The lifting method proposed in the present invention is to test lift the heavy object before officially lifting it, adjust the position of the pulley 32 according to the detection data of each force sensor 34, and then change the corresponding lifting point. Without changing the force on each lifting rope 12, the heavy object being lifted can be raised and lowered evenly, thereby achieving smooth lifting and lowering of the heavy object.

[0059] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, during the trial lifting operation, the force sensor 34 can monitor the force received by the corresponding pulley 32 (that is, the component force of gravity on the corresponding lifting point). When the difference between the forces of the two corresponding pulleys 32 on the same lifting rope 12 exceeds a predetermined value, it is considered that the force on the lifting rope 12 is uneven, the weight is in an unstable state, and there is a risk of falling off.

[0060] In an optional example of this embodiment, the predetermined value is 10%, that is, when the detection data of the two force sensors 34 differ by more than 10%, it is necessary to operate the displacement assembly to change the position of the corresponding pulley 32. Specifically, the pulley 32 corresponding to the force sensor 34 with the larger detection data is adjusted to move toward the center of the fixed beam 72, or the other pulley 32 is adjusted to move in the opposite direction. During the adjustment process, the detection data of the two force sensors 34 are observed in real time until the difference between the two is within 10%.

[0061] The above calculation and adjustment process can be achieved by the operator through observation and calculation, or it can be achieved through a calculation program prefabricated by the control unit without manual operation.

[0062] When the pulley 32 is strained due to the force, the resistance value of the strain gauge (or force sensitive resistor) of the force sensor 34 changes accordingly. This electrical signal can be processed by the calculation program to obtain the force change value at that point. First, the rotation of the gear part is restricted to fix it on the track 71. When the test lifting operation is carried out, the strain gauge on the pin shaft can monitor the component force of gravity at the lifting point. When the force on the pin shafts of the two corresponding pulleys 32 on the same lifting rope 12 differs by more than 10%, it is considered that the force on the lifting rope 12 is uneven, the weight is in an unstable state, and there is a risk of falling off.

[0063] In an optional example, the two hanging points on the same hanging rope 12 are named the first hanging point and the second hanging point, and the two hanging points on another hanging rope 12 are named the third hanging point and the fourth hanging point. When the pin force corresponding to the first hanging point is large, the prompt given by the calculation program indicates that the hanging object is currently in an unbalanced state, and the driving mechanism 33 can be operated to rotate the pin 31, and the gear part corresponding to the first hanging point is adjusted to roll toward the second hanging point, or the gear part corresponding to the second hanging point is adjusted to roll away from the first hanging point, until the force difference between the two is within 10%. The same is true for the adjustment of the position of the pulley 32 corresponding to the third and fourth hanging points of the other hanging rope 12.

[0064] When the calculation program detects that the difference between two suspension points on the same suspension rope 12 exceeds 10%, the driving mechanism 33 is adjusted according to the principle of moving the pulley 32 with a large display force toward the center position of the fixed beam 72.

[0065] The driving mechanism 33 is a driving motor, and its rotation speed can be set to several gears, such as 1mm / s, 1.5mm / s, and 2mm / s, so as not to affect the stability of the hanging object.

[0066] The lifting method proposed in the present invention can evenly distribute the lifting weight, and can detect the distribution of the force on the lifting rope 12 in real time to adjust the position of the heavy object in time, so it is very suitable for lifting large-volume heavy objects in a limited space.

[0067] An important implementation method of the lifting method proposed by the present invention is as follows: Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the tunnel boring machine is hoisted in an existing underground building, thereby realizing the hoisting and receiving of the tunnel boring machine.

[0068] The lifting structure 100 and lifting method proposed in the present invention are particularly suitable for situations where mechanical methods are used for subway tunnel construction and the ground conditions make it impossible to excavate a receiving well, and it is necessary to lift the tunnel boring machine in an existing underground building. The present invention also provides a tunnel boring machine lifting and receiving method suitable for this situation, which does not require a new receiving well, and can achieve safe lifting and receiving of the tunnel boring machine in existing buildings and small spaces.

[0069] In the present invention, the existing underground building includes an existing building roof 16 , an existing working shaft 17 and a newly built tunnel segment 18 .

[0070] A method for hoisting and receiving a roadheader proposed by the present invention comprises:

[0071] At the location where the tunnel boring machine is to be received, holes are reserved in the building roof during the construction process. The holes are protected by steel sleeves 8. The steel sleeves 8 are composed of a spare steel sleeve 81 and an extended steel sleeve 82, which are connected by threads. When the length adjustment is required, just screw the spare steel sleeve 81. The reserved holes are reserved when the top plate is cast and fixed. The reserved holes are kept in a vertical upward posture so that the lifting rope 12 can pass through the spare steel sleeve 81 to reach the predetermined position to complete the lifting work. After the casting is completed, the steel sleeve 8 is cast and fixed around. The purpose of casting and vertically arranging the steel sleeve 8 is to prevent the lifting rope 12 from causing large displacement and scratching or damaging the steel sleeve 8. Then the soil is backfilled to restore the road surface. When the tunnel boring machine excavates to the predetermined position, the rear crane system 13 also drives to the corresponding road surface.

[0072] A lifting rope 12 is hung on the crane system 13. In order to lift the tunnel boring machine 92 (heavy object), four lifting points are usually required, that is, at least two lifting ropes 12 are folded in half for use. After the lifting rope 12 is folded in half, it is hung on the crane system 13 through the middle section of the hook 11. The two ends pass through the outer grooves of the four pulleys 32 respectively and enter the steel sleeve 8 until they extend into the interior of the existing underground building and are lifted by the tunnel boring machine 92. The lifting rope 12 is connected to the lifting ear 83 on the tunnel boring machine 92. The length of the steel sleeve 8 can be adjusted by removing or installing a spare steel sleeve 81.

[0073] Receiving platform, such as Figure 5 As shown, it is used to receive the tunnel boring machine 92 on the middle plate. The receiving platform includes a steel column 21, which is used to support the weight of the tunnel boring machine 92 and provide the required height for lifting the tunnel boring machine 92; the steel column 21 is fixed to the extended steel sleeve 22 by bolts; the steel purlin 23 provides stable supporting conditions for the steel column 21 to prevent the steel column 21 from becoming unstable; the steel diagonal brace 24 protects the receiving platform on the side to prevent the platform from collapsing laterally.

[0074] Now, in conjunction with an embodiment, the hoisting structure 100, the hoisting method and the roadheader hoisting and receiving method proposed in the present invention are described in detail, which are applicable to the hoisting and transportation of roadheaders without reserved exits.

[0075] In this embodiment, the pipe jacking machine has no opening in the top plate 93 of the tunnel, and a hole is reserved in the middle plate 94 of the tunnel for transporting out of the tunnel.

[0076] In this embodiment, the hoisting and transportation of a tunnel boring machine without a reserved exit includes the following steps:

[0077] S1. The station roof at the proposed tunnel receiving position is reserved during pouring and a steel sleeve 8 is set. The steel sleeve 8 is vertically upward, and the steel sleeve 8 is exposed from the roof but not higher than the road surface. The exposed part of the steel sleeve 8 has a threaded outer diameter to facilitate the subsequent change of the sleeve length. The diameter of the steel sleeve 8 is 300mm or determined according to actual conditions. The strength of the steel sleeve 8 is determined according to the weight of the tunnel boring machine 92 and the length and hoisting height of the lifting rope 12. The number of steel sleeves 8 is generally 4, and the layout position shape is the four corner points of a rectangle;

[0078] S2. Do a good job in preventing the steel sleeve 8 from blocking and corrosion, and perform grouting reinforcement around the steel sleeve 8. The purpose of grouting reinforcement is to prevent the suspension rope 12 from having an angle with the vertical direction when passing through the steel sleeve 8, thereby destroying the fixing effect of the steel sleeve 8. Backfill the upper part of the top plate with soil to restore the road surface;

[0079] S3. The tunnel boring machine 92 is excavated. After the tunnel boring machine has reached the predetermined position, the temporary blocking structure and the main enclosure structure within the cross section of the tunnel boring machine are removed, and a receiving platform is set up on the bottom plate 95 so that the tunnel boring machine 92 is pushed onto the receiving platform to stop the jacking;

[0080] S4. Fence the road surface sleeve area on the top plate, use a drill or open excavation method to dig out one end of the sleeve, clean the soil in the sleeve, and if the sleeve is too long, cut the steel sleeve 8. Assemble and fix the force regulator 10, observe the bubble level, if the force regulator 10 is not on the same horizontal line, change the thickness of the gasket 41 on the support and continue to adjust until all points are level, then fix the universal support 4, enter the crane system 13, pass the lifting rope 12 through the force regulator 10 and put it into the steel sleeve 8, pass through the top plate 93 to the middle plate 94, and make preparations before lifting;

[0081] S5. Connect the lifting rope 12 to the tunnel boring machine 92, perform hoisting work on the receiving platform, and try to lift the tunnel boring machine 92 to observe the differences on each force sensor 34. If there is a large difference, make adjustments until the force sensor 34 feedbacks that the force is balanced, and then officially lift it;

[0082] S6. Place a transfer trolley 14 (transport flatbed) below the tunneling, adjust the position of the transfer trolley 14, lift the tunnel boring machine 92 onto the transfer trolley 14, remove the lifting rope 12, move the crane system 13 to the existing working shaft 17, and transport the tunnel boring machine 92 out of the existing exit (other existing entrances and exits, shield shaft, lifting port) via the guide rail 15;

[0083] S7. After the lifting is completed, the receiving platform is dismantled, the excavation entrance ring beam is cast, the lifting rope 12 is pulled out of the hole by the steel sleeve 8, the outside of the steel sleeve 8 is grouting reinforced, the enclosure is removed, and the road surface is restored for use again when there is a lifting need in the future.

[0084] In the present invention, during the construction of the tunnel, a small-diameter hole is reserved in the top plate 93. When the tunnel boring machine 92 is excavated from the starting point to the receiving position, the crane system 13 is on the ground. It only needs the hook 11 and the lifting rope 12 to enter the existing building through the hole for lifting, and the tunnel boring machine 92 is lifted to the transport vehicle and then transported out from the existing hole. The advantage is that there is no need to build a new working pit, and the ground space is only temporarily occupied during the lifting operation. The road surface can be restored immediately after the end. At the same time, it is not limited by the limited lifting space. Compared with other lifting schemes without working pits, the lifting weight is greatly increased.

[0085] The detailed explanation of the above-mentioned embodiments is only intended to explain the present invention so as to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention. However, these descriptions cannot be interpreted as limitations on the present invention for any reason. In particular, the various features described in different embodiments may also be arbitrarily combined with each other to form other embodiments. Unless there is a clear description to the contrary, these features should be understood to be applicable to any embodiment and are not limited to the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A lifting structure, characterized in that: The lifting structure (100) comprises a lifting hook (11), a force regulator (10) and a lifting rope (12); the force regulator (10) has at least one fixed beam (72); guide devices (3) are respectively arranged at both ends of the fixed beam (72); the guide device (3) comprises a pulley (32), a force sensor (34) and a displacement assembly; the pulley (32) reciprocates along the length direction of the fixed beam (72) under the drive of the displacement assembly; the middle of the lifting rope (12) is hung on the lifting hook (11); the two ends of the lifting rope (12) respectively pass through the pulleys (32) at both ends of the fixed beam (72) and are connected to the weight to be lifted; the force sensor (34) measures the force applied to the pulley (32) in real time; and the displacement assembly adjusts the position of the pulley (32) in real time according to the measurement data of the force sensor (34).

2. The lifting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting structure (100) comprises more than two lifting ropes (12), the force regulator (10) has more than two cross-arranged fixed beams (72), and the lifting ropes (12) are matched with the fixed beams (72) in a one-to-one manner.

3. The lifting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the two ends of the fixed beam (72) is provided with a through slot which passes through the fixed beam (72) from top to bottom. Each of the through slots is provided along the length direction of the fixed beam (72). Tracks (71) are provided on both sides of the through slots. The displacement assembly comprises a pin shaft (31) and a driving mechanism (33). The pin shaft (31) passes through the pulley (32) along the axial direction of the pulley (32). The pulley (32) is partially arranged in the through slot. Both ends of the pin shaft (31) extend into the track (71). A rack portion is provided on each of the tracks (71). Both ends of the pin shaft (31) are provided with a gear portion, which meshes with the rack portion. The driving mechanism (33) is connected to one end of the pin shaft (31) and drives the gear portion to rotate through the pin shaft (31).

4. The lifting structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end of the fixed beam (72) is also provided with a limiting structure for preventing the gear part from being separated from the rack part.

5. The lifting structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lifting structure (100) also includes a control unit, each of the force sensors (34) and each of the driving mechanisms (33) are electrically connected or communicatively connected to the control unit, the control unit receives force data measured by the force sensor (34), and the control unit sends a start / stop signal to the corresponding driving mechanism (33) based on the force data.

6. The lifting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The force regulator (10) has a bubble level (5) which is arranged on the fixing beam (72).

7. The lifting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Universal supports (4) are also provided at both ends of each fixed beam (72).

8. The lifting structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The universal support (4) comprises an upper support gasket (41), a lower support gasket (42) and a ball joint (43); the upper support gasket (41) is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the fixed beam (72); and the ball joint (43) connects the lower support gasket (42) and the upper support gasket (41).

9. A lifting method for lifting a heavy object using the lifting structure (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The lifting method comprises: The hook (11) is installed on the crane system (13), and each lifting rope (12) is folded in half, so that the middle section of the lifting rope (12) is hung on the hook (11), and the two ends of the lifting rope (12) are respectively passed through the outer groove of the corresponding pulley (32) and connected to the lifting ears (83) on the weight; The crane system (13) performs a trial lift on the weight, and adjusts the position of the pulley (32) according to the force data detected by each force sensor (34), until the difference in force data between the two force sensors (34) on the same fixed beam (72) is less than a predetermined value, and then the crane system (13) is used to lift the weight.

10. A method for hoisting and receiving a tunnel boring machine, using the hoisting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8 to hoist the tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: The roadheader hoisting and receiving method comprises: A receiving platform is constructed at a location where the tunnel boring machine (92) is to be received, a hole is reserved in the top plate above the receiving platform, and the hole is protected by a steel sleeve (8); The hook (11) is installed on the crane system (13), and each lifting rope (12) is folded in half, so that the middle section of the lifting rope (12) is hung on the hook (11), and the two ends of the lifting rope (12) respectively pass through the outer grooves of the corresponding pulley (32). Under the guidance of the pulley (32), the lifting rope (12) extends into the ground through the steel sleeve (8) and is connected to the lifting lug on the tunnel boring machine (92); The tunnel boring machine (92) is hoisted on the receiving platform, and the tunnel boring machine (92) is hoisted for trial. The position of the corresponding pulley (32) is adjusted according to the detection data of each force sensor (34) of the hoisting structure (100) until each force sensor (34) feedbacks that the force is balanced, and then the tunnel boring machine (92) is officially hoisted.

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