Pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heat supply

Abstract

The invention provides a biomass external combustion heat supply pyrolysis and gasification reaction device. The device comprises a gas conveying device, a reactor, a screw feeder, a solid material distributor, a hearth, a biomass combustor, a water cooling jacket, a manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve, a star-shaped discharging machine, a discharging bin, a condenser and a gas product collecting device. The biomass combustor is used for supplying heat to the reactor in a biomass external combustion mode, the energy grade matching degree between the pyrolysis and gasification process and the heat supply process can be improved, and zero emission of carbon dioxide in the heat supply process is achieved. And the gas product collecting device recovers heat of the gas product for preheating the inlet gas of the reactor, so that gradient utilization of energy is realized. In addition, the type and flow of gas entering the reactor can be adjusted through the gas conveying device, and integration of pyrolysis and gasification functions of the reactor is achieved. The method has good social benefits and industrial application scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of energy and power, and in particular to a pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating. Background Art

[0002] Pyrolysis technology is a thermochemical process that decomposes fuels such as coal and biomass into gas, liquid and coke under high temperature. Usually, the pyrolysis process is carried out in the absence of oxygen or in an inert gas atmosphere, and the temperature range of the pyrolysis process is between several hundred degrees Celsius and several thousand degrees Celsius. The properties of the pyrolysis products are mainly affected by factors such as temperature, reaction time, type of raw materials and reactor type. Gasification technology is a process that converts carbon-based fuels into synthesis gas under high temperature and gasification agent atmosphere. The temperature range of the gasification process is usually between 600 and 1500°C, and the gasification agent is usually oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. The main components of synthesis gas are carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane, and the proportion of these gas components depends on the fuel and reaction conditions. Pyrolysis and gasification technology are mainly used in the chemical industry, combined cycle power generation equipment and gas production.

[0003] In existing pyrolysis and gasification technologies, the heat generated by the combustion of fossil fuels such as natural gas or coal is usually used to heat the pyrolysis furnace and gasification furnace. However, the existing heating methods also have the disadvantages of fuel grade mismatch, high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a low-carbon and economical heating method. Summary of the invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems of high carbon dioxide emission and fuel grade mismatch in the heating process of existing pyrolysis and gasification technologies, the present invention proposes a pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating, comprising:

[0005] A gas delivery device is connected to the reactor and provides at least three gas delivery channels: gasification agent, inert gas required for pyrolysis reaction, and purge gas;

[0006] The reactor realizes the pyrolysis or gasification reaction of the fuel; the reactor is divided into three parts from top to bottom: the preheating section, the constant temperature section and the solid product collection section;

[0007] The screw feeder is located in the preheating section of the reactor and above the solid material distributor, and is used to control the fuel feeding speed to achieve continuous fuel feeding;

[0008] The solid material distributor is located in the preheating section of the reactor and above the furnace, and is used to evenly distribute the inlet fuel;

[0009] The furnace completely covers the constant temperature section of the reactor and heats the reactor with high temperature flue gas generated by biomass combustion;

[0010] The biomass burner is connected to the furnace and controls the biomass combustion by controlling the air distribution and the biomass feed amount to adjust the combustion temperature in the furnace;

[0011] A water cooling jacket, located at the lower part of the reactor, is used to cool the pyrolysis or gasification products;

[0012] Manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve is used to prevent leakage of high-pressure gas generated during the unloading process;

[0013] Star-shaped discharger to achieve continuous discharge of solid products;

[0014] The discharge bin is connected to the star-shaped discharger and is used for the storage and discharge of solid products;

[0015] The first condenser is used to cool the flue gas at the furnace outlet;

[0016] The second condenser is used to cool the outlet gas of the discharge bin;

[0017] A gas product collecting device, connected to the reactor, for cooling and collecting the gas product;

[0018] Temperature and pressure measuring elements are used to measure the temperature and pressure of inlet gas, biomass burner, furnace, gas products, furnace outlet flue gas and different locations inside and outside the reactor.

[0019] Preferably, the gas delivery device is connected to the upper part of the reactor, and the gas product collecting device is connected to the solid product collecting section of the reactor, so as to realize the gas intake direction from top to bottom; or the gas product collecting device is connected to the upper part of the reactor, and the gas delivery device is connected to the solid product collecting section of the reactor, so as to realize the gas intake direction from bottom to top;

[0020] The gas conveying device and the gas product collecting device are provided with a heat exchanger, and the two heat exchangers are connected, or the gas conveying device and the gas product collecting device share a heat exchanger, which is used to provide the heat of the gas products recovered by the gas product collecting device to the gas conveying device to preheat the gas entering the reactor.

[0021] Preferably, the gas delivery device includes multiple delivery channels, on which are provided ball valves, manual regulating valves, safety valves, flow meters, temperature and pressure measuring elements and a first heat exchanger, so as to realize the introduction of multiple gases, temperature and pressure monitoring and flow control; the inflow of different types of gases is controlled by the ball valve to realize the conversion of the pyrolysis and gasification functions of the reactor; the flow of the delivery channel is adjusted by the manual regulating valve; the on-off control of the gas delivery device and the reactor is realized by the safety valve; the gas is preheated by the first heat exchanger, and the heat of the first heat exchanger comes from the heat released by the cooling of the gas products in the gas product collection device; the flow, temperature and pressure of the gas are monitored by the flow meter and the temperature and pressure measuring elements.

[0022] Preferably, the main pipeline of the gas product collecting device is provided with a second heat exchanger and a water-cooled coil condenser, the second heat exchanger is connected to a bypass pipeline, the main pipeline inlet is connected to a temperature and pressure measuring element, and the water-cooled coil condenser outlet is connected to the gas product outlet; the second heat exchanger is used to recover the heat of the gas product and provide it to the first heat exchanger; the water-cooled coil condenser is used to cool the gas product.

[0023] Preferably, the furnace is a two-half opening and closing structure, insulated by heat-resistant materials, and the furnace shell is made of heat-resistant stainless steel; the design temperature of the reactor is 800-1500°C, and the design pressure is 0.1-5MPa; the biomass burners are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the furnace.

[0024] Preferably, the water cooling jacket and manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve are two groups, wherein the first water cooling jacket, the first manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve, the second water cooling jacket, and the second manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve are connected in sequence from top to bottom; the star-shaped discharger and the discharge bin are placed below the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve.

[0025] Preferably, the first condenser is connected to the top of the furnace, and a temperature measuring element is provided on the connecting pipe; the second condenser is connected to the discharge bin via a ball valve, and a manual regulating valve is also connected to the outlet pipe of the second condenser.

[0026] Preferably, the feed to the screw feeder is coal, biomass or a mixture of coal and biomass.

[0027] Preferably, a plurality of temperature measuring points are evenly distributed on both sides of the reactor in the furnace; and a plurality of temperature measuring points are evenly distributed on the portion of the reactor constant temperature section covered by the furnace.

[0028] Preferably, the working process of the device is:

[0029] The gas delivery device introduces purge gas into the reactor to discharge the air inside the reactor;

[0030] The gas delivery device stops the purge gas from entering and switches to the first gas required for the reaction; when a gasification reaction is performed, the first gas is a gasifying agent; when a pyrolysis reaction is performed, the first gas is an inert gas required for the pyrolysis reaction;

[0031] The air distribution and biomass are introduced into the biomass burner, and the biomass burner is started to start the combustion of the biomass. The high-temperature flue gas generated heats the reactor, and the outlet flue gas is cooled by the first condenser and then discharged. By adjusting the air distribution and the input amount of biomass, the temperature inside the reactor reaches the required reaction temperature;

[0032] When the required temperature for the reaction is reached, the screw feeder is started to input the fuel to the top of the solid material distributor so that the fuel enters the reactor evenly;

[0033] The fuel undergoes pyrolysis / gasification reaction in the reactor. After reaching a predetermined reaction time, the gas product recovery device is opened, and the gas product enters the gas product recovery device to preheat the first gas, and then cools, and then is discharged and collected;

[0034] Open the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve. The solid product produced by the reaction is cooled by the water-cooling jacket, enters the star-shaped discharge machine, and is discharged through the discharge bin; the high-temperature gas in the discharge bin is cooled by the second condenser and then discharged.

[0035] Beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) The present invention utilizes the heat generated by the combustion of biomass in the furnace to provide heat for the pyrolysis or gasification process. Since biomass is a carbon-neutral fuel, no additional carbon dioxide emissions are generated. In addition, biomass is a low-grade fuel, which can reduce the use of high-grade fuels. Compared with traditional heating methods, biomass external combustion heating reduces heating costs and carbon dioxide emissions.

[0037] (2) The gas product discharged from the reactor outlet still has a relatively high temperature and has the potential for waste heat recovery. The present invention recovers the heat of the gas product to heat the reactor inlet gas, thus realizing the recovery and utilization of the heat of the gas product.

[0038] (3) Existing reactors usually only include a single function of pyrolysis or gasification, and cannot realize the integration of pyrolysis and gasification functions. In the present invention, the type and flow rate of gas entering the reactor can be adjusted by a gas delivery device, so that the reactor can realize the integration of pyrolysis and gasification functions.

[0039] (4) In the present invention, the temperature measuring element can monitor the internal temperature of the reactor. The biomass combustion condition is controlled by controlling the biomass mass and air volume entering the biomass burner, and then the combustion temperature in the furnace is controlled to achieve temperature regulation inside the reactor.

[0040] (5) In the present invention, the positions of the gas delivery device and the gas product collection device can be interchanged. The above structure can change the gas inlet direction of the reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pyrolysis and gasification reaction device using biomass external combustion for heating proposed by the present invention.

[0042] In the above-mentioned Figure 1In the diagram, the components and their corresponding marks are: 1, 2, 3-ball valve; 4, 5, 42, 44, 47, 51, 53-manual regulating valve; 6, 7-flow meter; 8-first heat exchanger, 48-second heat exchanger; 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, 34, 38, 45-temperature measuring element; 10, 18, 46, 52-pressure measuring element; 11-safety valve; 19-screw feeder; 20-solid material distributor; 21-reactor; 22-furnace; 26, 33-biomass fuel Burner; 29-first condenser, 43-second condenser; 35, 37-water cooling jacket; 36, 39-manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve; 40-star discharger; 41-discharge bin; 49-bypass; 50-water-cooled coil condenser; 54-gasifying agent; 55-inert gas; 57, 58, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72-water; 56-purge gas; 59-export flue gas; 60, 62-air distribution; 61, 63-biomass; 64-gas product; 65-sampling port; 66-gas product outlet; 73-pressure relief port; 74-high-temperature flue gas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 The description of the embodiments of the present invention is intended to explain the overall inventive concept of the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 The structure diagram of the pyrolysis and gasification reaction device with biomass external combustion heating in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, which includes: a gas conveying device, a reaction device, a biomass external combustion heating device, a gas product recovery device, and a solid product recovery device.

[0045] The gas delivery device is connected to the reactor and provides at least three gas delivery channels for the gasifying agent, the inert gas required for the pyrolysis reaction, and the purge gas. In this embodiment, the gas delivery device is connected to the upper part of the reactor to achieve the gas intake direction from top to bottom.

[0046] Optionally, the inert gas required for the pyrolysis reaction may be nitrogen, argon, etc., the gasifying agent required for the gasification reaction may be oxygen, carbon dioxide or water vapor, etc., and the purge gas may be an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, etc.

[0047] In this preferred embodiment, the gas delivery device is composed of ball valves 1, 2, 3, manual regulating valves 4, 5, flow meters 6, 7, heat exchangers 8, temperature measuring elements 9, pressure measuring elements 10 and safety valves 11. The device can realize the introduction, preheating, temperature and pressure monitoring and flow control of various gases.

[0048] Specifically, the inlet of the gasifying agent 54 is connected to the heat exchanger 8 through the ball valve 1, the manual regulating valve 4 and the flow meter 6, and the inlet of the inert gas 55 is connected to the first heat exchanger 8 through the ball valve 2, the manual regulating valve 5 and the flow meter 7; the heat exchanger 8 is connected to the reactor 21 through the safety valve 11, and the temperature measuring element 9 and the pressure measuring element 10 are arranged on the connecting pipeline. In addition, the inlet of the purge gas 56 is also connected to the gasifying agent delivery pipeline through the ball valve 3, and shares a manual regulating valve with the gasifying agent. The inflow of different types of gases is controlled by the ball valve to realize the conversion of the reactor's pyrolysis and gasification functions; the flow rate of the delivery channel is adjusted by the manual regulating valve; the on-off control of the gas delivery device and the reactor is realized by the safety valve; the gas is preheated by the first heat exchanger, and the heat of the first heat exchanger comes from the heat released by the cooling of the gas product in the gas product collection device; the flow rate, temperature and pressure of the gas are monitored by the flow meter and the temperature and pressure measuring elements.

[0049] The reaction device mainly includes a reactor 21, a screw feeder 19, and a solid material distributor 20. Among them:

[0050] The reactor 21 can withstand high temperature and pressure to achieve pyrolysis or gasification reaction of the fuel. In addition, the reactor 21 is mainly divided into three parts: a preheating section, a constant temperature section, and a solid product collection section. The preheating section is located above the furnace 22, the constant temperature section is located inside the furnace 22, and the solid product collection section is located below the furnace 22. The design temperature of the reactor is 800-1500°C and the design pressure is 0.1-5MPa.

[0051] The screw feeder 19 is located in the preheating section of the reactor 21 and above the solid material distributor 20, and is used to control the feeding speed of the fuel to achieve continuous feeding of the fuel. In addition, the feed type of the screw feeder 19 is not limited, and can be coal, biomass, or a mixture of coal and biomass.

[0052] The solid material distributor 20 is located in the preheating section of the reactor 21, above the furnace 22, and is used to evenly distribute the inlet fuel.

[0053] The biomass external combustion heating device mainly includes a furnace 22, biomass burners 26, 33, and a first condenser 29. Among them:

[0054] The furnace 22 is located in the constant temperature section in the middle of the reactor 21 and covers the entire constant temperature section. It is used to heat the reactor 21 with the high temperature flue gas 74 and ensure that the biomass is burned as much as possible so that the heat load on the wall is uniform. In this preferred embodiment, the furnace can be a two-half opening and closing structure to facilitate the cleaning of the furnace and the inspection of the reactor. The left and right parts of the furnace 22 are symmetrically and evenly distributed with temperature measuring elements 23-25, 30-32.

[0055] Biomass burners 26 and 33 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the furnace 22, and mainly control air distribution and biomass feeding to achieve efficient combustion of biomass and control the combustion temperature in the furnace. The two biomass burner outlets are provided with temperature measuring elements 27, 34.

[0056] The first condenser 29 is connected to the furnace 22, and its main purpose is to cool the flue gas at the furnace outlet. A temperature measuring element 28 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the first condenser 29 and the furnace 22. The cooling medium of the condenser can be water.

[0057] The solid product recovery device mainly includes a water cooling jacket, a manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve, a star-shaped discharger, a discharge bin and a second condenser. In order to ensure the cooling effect and prevent high-pressure leakage, there are 2 sets of safety water cooling jackets and manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valves.

[0058] The water cooling jackets 35 and 37 are located at the lower part of the reactor 21 and are used to cool the pyrolysis or gasification products.

[0059] Manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valves 36 and 39 are respectively located below the water-cooling jackets 35 and 37, and are mainly used to prevent leakage of high-pressure gas generated during the unloading process.

[0060] The star-shaped discharger 40 and the discharge bin 41 are located below the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve 39, and the discharge bin 41 is located below the star-shaped discharger 40. The star-shaped discharger 40 is mainly used to convey coke or ash by the impeller to achieve continuous discharge of coke or ash, and the discharge bin 41 is mainly used for the storage and discharge of coke or ash.

[0061] The second condenser 43 and the manual regulating valves 42 and 44 are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the condenser 43 and are mainly used to cool the outlet gas of the discharge bin 41 and prevent gas leakage.

[0062] The gas product collecting device is connected to the reactor 21. In this embodiment, the gas product collecting device is connected to the solid product collecting section of the reactor, and cooperates with the position of the gas conveying device to realize the gas intake direction from top to bottom. In practice, the positions of the gas conveying device and the gas product collecting device can also be interchanged to change the gas intake direction of the reactor.

[0063] In this embodiment, the gas product collection device includes manual regulating valves 47, 51, 53, a second heat exchanger 48, a temperature measuring element 45, a pressure measuring element 46, 52 and a water-cooled coil condenser 50. The device can realize temperature and pressure monitoring, cooling and collection of gas products. As described in the figure, the main pipeline in the gas product collection device is provided with a second heat exchanger 48 and a water-cooled coil condenser 50, and the second heat exchanger 48 is connected to a bypass pipeline for controlling the access of the second heat exchanger. The main pipeline inlet is connected to the temperature measuring element 45 and the pressure measuring element 46, the water-cooled coil condenser outlet is connected to the gas product outlet, and a pressure measuring element 52 is provided on the outlet pipeline. Another branch of the water-cooled coil condenser outlet is connected to the sampling port. The second heat exchanger 48 recovers the heat of the gas product and provides it to the first heat exchanger 8; the water-cooled coil condenser 50 is used to cool the gas product.

[0064] The device is provided with a plurality of temperature measuring points and temperature measuring elements 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 38. The temperature measuring elements 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 are located in the constant temperature section of the reactor 21 (the part covered by the furnace), and are used to measure the temperature at different positions of the constant temperature section of the reactor 21. The temperature measuring element 17 is located in the solid product collection section of the reactor 21, and is used to measure the temperature of the solid product collection section of the reactor 21. The temperature measuring elements 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, 32 are symmetrically distributed inside the furnace, and are used to measure the temperature at different positions in the furnace. The temperature measuring elements 27, 34 are located at the outlets of the biomass burners 26, 33, and are used to measure the outlet temperatures of the biomass burners 26, 33. The temperature measuring element 38 is located above the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve 39, and is used to measure the outlet temperature of the water-cooling jacket 37.

[0065] The pressure measuring element 18 is located above the reactor 21 and is used to measure the internal pressure of the reactor 21 .

[0066] In this embodiment, when the ball valve 1 is opened and the manual regulating valve 4 is used to introduce the gasifying agent 54, the reactor realizes the gasification function and generates synthesis gas and solid ash; when the ball valve 2 is opened and the manual regulating valve 5 is used to introduce the inert gas 55, the reactor realizes the pyrolysis function and generates pyrolysis gas and coke.

[0067] In this embodiment, the temperature in the furnace 22 and the reactor 21 is controlled by controlling the amount of combustion-supporting air 60, 62 and biomass 61, 63 entering the biomass burners 26, 33. The temperature can be measured by temperature measuring elements 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, 32 and 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.

[0068] In this embodiment, the types of the biomass burners 26, 33 are not limited.

[0069] In this embodiment, the types of the condensers 29 and 33 are not limited.

[0070] In this embodiment, there is no limitation on the types of the temperature measuring elements 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 38, 45 and the pressure measuring elements 10, 18, 46, 52.

[0071] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, an operation procedure of a pyrolysis and gasification reaction device suitable for biomass external combustion heating is provided.

[0072] When the reactor is in pyrolysis function, the specific steps are as follows:

[0073] Step a1. Open the ball valve 3 and the manual regulating valve 4, and introduce the purge gas 56 for a period of time to discharge the air inside the reactor;

[0074] Step a2. Close the ball valve 3 and the manual regulating valve 4 to stop the entry of the purge gas 56, and open the ball valve 2 and the manual regulating valve 5 to introduce the inert gas 55;

[0075] Step a3. introducing air distribution 60, 62 and biomass 61, 63, and starting biomass burners 26 and 33, so that the biomass starts to burn, and the high-temperature flue gas 74 generated heats the reactor 21, and the outlet flue gas is cooled and discharged after passing through the first condenser 29. By observing the indication of the temperature measuring element, the air distribution and the input amount of biomass are adjusted to make the temperature inside the reactor reach the required temperature for pyrolysis;

[0076] Step a4. After the fuel is dried and crushed, it is placed in the screw feeder 19. When the set temperature required for the pyrolysis reaction is reached, the screw feeder is started to input the fuel to the top of the solid material distributor 20 so that the fuel enters the reactor 21 evenly;

[0077] Step a5. The fuel undergoes pyrolysis reaction in the reactor 21. After reaching the predetermined reaction time, the valves 47 and 53 are opened, and the pyrolysis gas enters the heat exchanger 48 to preheat the inert gas 55, and then enters the water-cooled coil condenser 50 for cooling. The pyrolysis gas is then discharged from the gas product outlet 66 and collected;

[0078] Step a6. Open the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valves 36 and 39. The coke produced by pyrolysis is cooled by the water-cooling jackets 35 and 37, enters the star-shaped discharger 40, and is discharged through the discharge bin 41. Open valves 42 and 44, and the high-temperature gas in the discharge bin 41 is cooled by the condenser 43 and discharged.

[0079] When the reactor is a gasification function, the specific steps are as follows:

[0080] Step b1. Open the ball valve 3 and the manual regulating valve 4, and introduce the purge gas 56 for a period of time to discharge the air inside the reactor;

[0081] Step b2. Close the ball valve 3 to stop the purge gas 56 from entering, and open the ball valve 1 to introduce the gasifying agent 54;

[0082] Step b3. introducing air distribution 60, 62 and biomass 61, 63, and starting biomass burners 26 and 33, so that the biomass starts to burn, and the high-temperature flue gas 74 generated heats the reactor 22, and the outlet flue gas is cooled and discharged through the condenser 29, and the air distribution and biomass input are adjusted by observing the reading of the temperature measuring element, so that the temperature inside the reactor reaches the required gasification temperature;

[0083] Step b4. After the fuel is dried and crushed, it is placed in the screw feeder 19. When the set temperature required for the pyrolysis reaction is reached, the screw feeder is started to input the fuel to the top of the solid material distributor 20 so that the fuel enters the reactor 21 evenly;

[0084] Step b5. The fuel undergoes a thermal gasification reaction in the reactor 21. After reaching a predetermined reaction time, the valves 47 and 53 are opened, and the synthesis gas enters the heat exchanger 48 to preheat the gasification agent 54, and then enters the water-cooled coil condenser 50 for cooling. Subsequently, the synthesis gas is discharged from the gas product outlet 66 and collected;

[0085] Step b6. Open the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valves 36 and 39. The ash produced by gasification is cooled by the water-cooling jackets 35 and 37, enters the star-shaped discharger 40, and is discharged through the discharge bin 41. Open the valves 42 and 44, and the high-temperature gas in the discharge bin 41 is cooled by the condenser 43 and discharged.

[0086] In summary, the existing pyrolysis and gasification technologies have the disadvantages of high heating energy consumption, high carbon dioxide emissions and relatively single functions. The present invention proposes a pyrolysis and gasification reaction device using biomass external combustion for heating. By using the external combustion of biomass, the energy grade matching degree between the pyrolysis and gasification process and the heating process can be improved, and zero carbon dioxide emissions in the heating process can be achieved. The heat of the recovered gas products is used to preheat the reactor inlet gas, realizing the cascade utilization of energy. In addition, the type and flow of gas entering the reactor can be adjusted by the gas delivery device to realize the integration of the reactor's pyrolysis and gasification functions. Therefore, the invention has good social benefits and industrial application scenarios.

[0087] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples for clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived from this are still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A biomass external combustion heating pyrolysis and gasification reaction device, comprising: A gas delivery device is connected to the reactor and provides at least three gas delivery channels: gasification agent, inert gas required for pyrolysis reaction, and purge gas; The reactor realizes the pyrolysis or gasification reaction of the fuel; the reactor is divided into three parts from top to bottom: the preheating section, the constant temperature section and the solid product collection section; The screw feeder is located in the preheating section of the reactor and above the solid material distributor, and is used to control the fuel feeding speed to achieve continuous fuel feeding; The solid material distributor is located in the preheating section of the reactor and above the furnace, and is used to evenly distribute the inlet fuel; The furnace completely covers the constant temperature section of the reactor and heats the reactor with high temperature flue gas generated by biomass combustion; The biomass burner is connected to the furnace and controls the biomass combustion by controlling the air distribution and the biomass feed amount to adjust the combustion temperature in the furnace; A water cooling jacket, located at the lower part of the reactor, is used to cool the pyrolysis or gasification products; Manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve is used to prevent leakage of high-pressure gas generated during the unloading process; Star-shaped discharger to achieve continuous discharge of solid products; The discharge bin is connected to the star-shaped discharger and is used for the storage and discharge of solid products; The first condenser is used to cool the flue gas at the furnace outlet; The second condenser is used to cool the outlet gas of the discharge bin; A gas product collecting device, connected to the reactor, for cooling and collecting the gas product; Temperature and pressure measuring elements are used to measure the temperature and pressure of inlet gas, biomass burner, furnace, gas products, furnace outlet flue gas and different locations inside and outside the reactor.

2. The pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas delivery device is connected to the upper part of the reactor, and the gas product collecting device is connected to the solid product collecting section of the reactor, so that the gas intake direction is from top to bottom; or the gas product collecting device is connected to the upper part of the reactor, and the gas delivery device is connected to the solid product collecting section of the reactor, so that the gas intake direction is from bottom to top; The gas conveying device and the gas product collecting device are provided with a heat exchanger, and the two heat exchangers are connected, or the gas conveying device and the gas product collecting device share a heat exchanger, which is used to provide the heat of the gas products recovered by the gas product collecting device to the gas conveying device to preheat the gas entering the reactor.

3. The pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The gas delivery device includes multiple delivery channels, on which ball valves, manual regulating valves, safety valves, flow meters, temperature and pressure measuring elements and a first heat exchanger are provided to realize the introduction of multiple gases, temperature and pressure monitoring and flow control; the inflow of different types of gases is controlled by the ball valve to realize the conversion of the pyrolysis and gasification functions of the reactor; the flow of the delivery channel is adjusted by the manual regulating valve; the on-off control of the gas delivery device and the reactor is realized by the safety valve; the gas is preheated by the first heat exchanger, and the heat of the first heat exchanger comes from the heat released by the cooling of the gas products in the gas product collection device; the flow, temperature and pressure of the gas are monitored by the flow meter and the temperature and pressure measuring elements.

4. The pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The main pipeline of the gas product collecting device is provided with a second heat exchanger and a water-cooled coil condenser, the second heat exchanger is connected to a bypass pipeline, the main pipeline inlet is connected to a temperature and pressure measuring element, and the water-cooled coil condenser outlet is connected to the gas product outlet; the second heat exchanger is used to recover the heat of the gas product and provide it to the first heat exchanger; the water-cooled coil condenser is used to cool the gas product.

5. The pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The furnace is a two-half opening and closing structure, insulated by heat-resistant materials, and the furnace shell is made of heat-resistant stainless steel; the design temperature of the reactor is 800-1500°C, and the design pressure is 0.1-5MPa; The biomass burners are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the furnace.

6. The pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water cooling jacket and the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve are divided into two groups, wherein the first water cooling jacket, the first manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve, the second water cooling jacket, and the second manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the star-shaped discharger and the discharge bin are placed below the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve.

7. The pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first condenser is connected to the top of the furnace, and a temperature measuring element is provided on the connecting pipeline; the second condenser is connected to the discharge bin through a ball valve, and a manual regulating valve is also connected to the outlet pipeline of the second condenser.

8. The pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The feed of the screw feeder is coal, biomass or a mixture of coal and biomass.

9. The pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of temperature measuring points are evenly distributed on both sides of the reactor in the furnace; and a plurality of temperature measuring points are evenly distributed on the portion of the reactor constant temperature section covered by the furnace.

10. The pyrolysis and gasification reaction device for biomass external combustion heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working process of the device is: The gas delivery device introduces purge gas into the reactor to discharge the air inside the reactor; The gas delivery device stops the purge gas from entering and switches to the first gas required for the reaction; when a gasification reaction is performed, the first gas is a gasifying agent; when a pyrolysis reaction is performed, the first gas is an inert gas required for the pyrolysis reaction; The air distribution and biomass are introduced into the biomass burner, and the biomass burner is started to start the combustion of the biomass. The high-temperature flue gas generated heats the reactor, and the outlet flue gas is cooled by the first condenser and then discharged. By adjusting the air distribution and the input amount of biomass, the temperature inside the reactor reaches the required reaction temperature; When the required temperature for the reaction is reached, the screw feeder is started to input the fuel to the top of the solid material distributor so that the fuel enters the reactor evenly; The fuel undergoes pyrolysis / gasification reaction in the reactor. After reaching a predetermined reaction time, the gas product recovery device is opened, and the gas product enters the gas product recovery device to preheat the first gas, and then cools, and then is discharged and collected; Open the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve. The solid product produced by the reaction is cooled by the water-cooling jacket, enters the star-shaped discharge machine, and is discharged through the discharge bin; the high-temperature gas in the discharge bin is cooled by the second condenser and then discharged.

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