Construction method of floating type array breakwater

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to a floating type array breakwater construction method. The construction method is used for constructing a floating array breakwater formed by a plurality of wave dissipation structures on the wave facing side of a to-be-shielded area, the wave dissipation structures are floating hollow columnar structures, are arranged in an array mode, are stabilized in an installation sea area through common anchor blocks, and are installed in a matched mode in a buoyancy adjusting mode; and dismounting and mounting are carried out according to the position of a construction area, and circulating flow type operation construction is formed. The floating type array breakwater is simple in structure, convenient to construct and operate, capable of providing good wave-resistant protection for a construction area and extremely high in overall construction efficiency, the breakwater is recycled, the use and manufacturing cost is greatly saved, the number of anchor blocks and anchor cables used by the breakwater is small, and the construction efficiency is extremely high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering, and in particular to a floating array breakwater construction method. Background Art

[0002] With the sustainable development and utilization of marine resources, the development of marine industries, and the in-depth promotion of the interconnection and interoperability of maritime transportation infrastructure, the demand for deep-sea projects will continue to increase in the future. Marine infrastructure will move to deep waters in the open sea. The construction environment is complex and harsh, and engineering construction and operation and maintenance face new challenges. More and more Chinese companies are participating in the construction of international marine projects. The Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Atlantic coast generally have harsh wave conditions with long wave periods and extreme wave heights. Long-period waves in the deep sea have a great impact on the safety and service life of structures in the construction of marine engineering and the operation and maintenance of marine structures. There is no good wave elimination technology. The wave elimination technology of strong surge waves and long-period waves in the deep sea environment has become a key common technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in port engineering construction.

[0003] Existing breakwaters are mainly divided into bottom-seated breakwaters, truncated breakwaters and floating breakwaters. For deep water conditions in the open sea, bottom-seated breakwaters and truncated breakwaters are difficult to build, costly, and not suitable for temporary construction and protection. Floating breakwaters can adapt to greater water depths, weak foundations, large tidal ranges, and the introduction of water exchange to improve water quality in ports. Moreover, floating breakwaters can be used as permanent or temporary buildings, and are widely used in protecting deep-water port and terminal waters, as temporary berthing docks for ships, protecting aquaculture and beach waters, protecting offshore construction sites, protecting offshore military mobile dock waters, and as wave-breaking measures for maritime disaster prevention and emergency response.

[0004] The floating protective structure uses a floating body to interfere with the movement of water particles in the waves, preventing the waves from propagating or breaking them, and is composed of a wave-breaking float and a mooring system. For example, the prior art entitled A floating breakwater structure with a wave-breaking chamber and a wave-breaking board and its construction method introduces a construction method of a floating breakwater structure, including the following steps: S1, prefabricating the pontoon part in the factory, and pre-embedding the embedded parts of the mooring system part, the connection part, and the ancillary facilities part into the pontoon part; S2, transporting the prefabricated pontoon part, the mooring system part, the connection part, and the ancillary facilities part to the construction and installation site in batches; S3, measuring and positioning, and constructing the mooring foundation of the mooring system part; after completion, each mooring foundation is connected to the tail of the corresponding anchor chain, and an on-site tension test is carried out; after the tension meets the requirements, the anchor chain is pressed The preset scheme is laid flat on the seabed; the end of the anchor chain is fixed with a wire rope and a pick-up buoy, and the end of the anchor chain floats on the sea surface by means of the pick-up buoy, and is arranged near the pre-installed position of the pontoon; S4, the first section of the pontoon 1 is floated into place, and the end of the anchor chain is passed through the guide chain channel 23 by means of a wire rope; the anchor chain is lifted symmetrically by means of a winch until the tension of the anchor chain meets the requirements; S5, the steps described in S4 are adopted to install the next section of the pontoon; after the next section of the pontoon is installed, the adjacent pontoon sections are connected together by means of a connecting section; S6, S5 is repeated until all the pontoon sections are installed; S7, ancillary facilities are installed on the pontoon section. The structure is composed of standard sections of pontoon sections connected in series, and wave-breaking chambers are arranged on the wave-facing side and the wave-repelling side of the pontoon section, which can effectively dissipate the incident wave energy, reduce the transmitted waves, and reduce the radiation waves generated by the oscillation of the pontoon section. However, this structure also has some problems. This type of breakwater is only effective for short-period waves within 3 to 5 seconds, and has poor wave-breaking effects on strong surges and long-period waves, and cannot effectively protect marine structures. In addition, since this structure connects adjacent pontoon sections in series, each pontoon section corresponds to a number of anchor chain structures. On the one hand, although the stability of the pontoon sections connected in series is improved, the wave-breaking effect is actually reduced. The series structure has certain difficulties in actual construction, which reduces the construction efficiency. Each pontoon section has a corresponding mooring system, and the corresponding number of anchor chains is large. The on-site construction is complicated and the operation is extremely difficult, which seriously affects the construction of the breakwater. In addition, the breakwater structure cannot be recycled. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and to provide a floating array breakwater construction method.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is: a method for constructing a floating array breakwater, wherein the floating array breakwater comprises a plurality of wave-breaking structures and a plurality of anchor blocks; the wave-breaking structure is a hollow columnar structure which is provided with an inflow hole on the back side of the wave and can float on the sea surface; a buoyancy adjustment structure is provided on the wave-breaking structure; a plurality of wave-breaking structures are arranged in an array in a longitudinal column and a transverse row to form a breakwater; the anchor blocks are fixed on the seabed of the sea area where the breakwater is located, and are fixedly connected with the surrounding adjacent wave-breaking structures by anchor cables so that the wave-breaking structures float on the sea surface in a state where part of the wave-breaking structures are below the sea surface and part of the wave-breaking structures are above the sea surface;

[0007] The construction method comprises:

[0008] According to the sea conditions, the size of the construction area and the required protection area, design the number of rows and columns of the floating array breakwater, the structural dimensions, plane position coordinates and draft of the wave-breaking structure, the type, weight, plane position coordinates and length of the anchor block;

[0009] Transport the anchor blocks to the designed construction sea area and arrange the anchor blocks in the designed breakwater arrangement area;

[0010] The assembled wave-breaking structures are hoisted into the water, and multiple wave-breaking structures are connected and towed together to the breakwater construction sea area;

[0011] Install a wave-breaking structure in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the current construction area, adjust the floating state of the wave-breaking structure based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure, and connect the wave-breaking structure to the corresponding anchor block below using an anchor cable;

[0012] Adjust the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure and the tension of the anchor cable to complete the installation of a single wave-breaking structure, and continue in sequence until all wave-breaking structures in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the current construction area are installed;

[0013] When construction starts, the construction area moves along the construction direction. The wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction position is dismantled and transferred to the breakwater layout area corresponding to the area to be constructed. It is installed according to the above method to form an array breakwater corresponding to the next construction area.

[0014] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method for designing the structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure includes: constructing the breakwater array lattice dimensions according to the following formula:

[0015] 2dsinθ=(n+1 / 2)λ

[0016] Where: d is the longitudinal distance between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures in the floating array breakwater;

[0017] θ——the incident angle of the wave relative to the wave-breaking structure;

[0018] λ – wavelength of the wave;

[0019] n——natural number, 0, 1, 2, 3…

[0020] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of hoisting the assembled wave-breaking structure into the water includes: hoisting the wave-breaking structure into the water so that the wave-breaking structure lies horizontally in the water with the side with the inflow hole facing downward.

[0021] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of connecting multiple wave-breaking structures and towing them together to the breakwater construction sea area includes: towing multiple wave-breaking structures lying horizontally in the water together in a head-to-stern manner to the breakwater construction sea area.

[0022] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method for adjusting the floating state of the wave-breaking structure based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure includes: flipping the wave-breaking structure from a horizontal state to a vertical state through the buoyancy adjustment structure, and gradually adjusting the buoyancy of the entire wave-breaking structure to make the wave-breaking structure sink to the maximum draft position.

[0023] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of using an anchor cable to connect a wave-breaking structure with a corresponding anchor block below includes: passing the upper end of the anchor cable through a ring-shaped anchor point on the wave-breaking structure, and using multiple bolt tighteners to securely connect the anchor cable to the ring-shaped anchor point, and fixedly connecting the lower end of the anchor cable to the corresponding anchor block below.

[0024] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method for adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure and the tension of the anchor cable includes: gradually increasing the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure until the draft of the wave-breaking structure reaches the design depth, adjusting the tension of the anchor cable so that the anchor cable is in a tensioned state, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to the net buoyancy value of the design working state.

[0025] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction position and transferring it to the breakwater layout area corresponding to the area to be constructed includes: dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the position where the construction is completed in the current construction area, and transferring the dismantled wave-breaking structure to the front of the current breakwater array along the construction direction to form a new breakwater array.

[0026] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the position where the construction in the current construction area is completed includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to make the wave-breaking structure sink, releasing the connection between the anchor cable and the anchor block, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to make the wave-breaking structure rise to a floating state.

[0027] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided by the present application, a group of anchor blocks are pre-installed in front of the wave-breaking structure array corresponding to the current construction area in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the next construction area. After dismantling several rows of wave-breaking structures at the rear of the wave-breaking structure array corresponding to the current construction area, the dismantled wave-breaking structures are installed on the anchor blocks pre-installed in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the next construction area, and the anchor blocks from which the wave-breaking structures have been dismantled are simultaneously hoisted to the area in front of a group of anchor blocks pre-installed in the breakwater layout area of ​​the next construction area for installation.

[0028] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method for designing the number of rows and columns of the floating array breakwater includes: designing the column length of the floating array breakwater to be 1.0 to 1.2 times the length of the area to be protected.

[0029] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the design depth is a depth greater than half the water depth of the current sea area.

[0030] The advantages of the present application are as follows: 1. The present application constructs a floating array breakwater by using a columnar wave-breaking structure, which has a simple installation structure and high construction efficiency of the breakwater. The construction can be carried out in a turnover manner along the construction direction, and a small number of wave-breaking structures can be used to complete the construction operation of a large area, which greatly saves costs. The wave-breaking structure of the present application has a good wave-breaking effect and is simple to install and operate. The number of anchor blocks used can be reduced by sharing a small number of anchor blocks, which greatly reduces the number of anchor blocks and anchor cables used, making the overall construction more convenient and simple, and further improving the construction efficiency.

[0031] 2. The method of constructing the breakwater array lattice in this application is very simple. The arrangement size of adjacent wave-breaking structures can be accurately calculated according to the incident angle and wavelength of the wave, so that the breakwater can achieve a good wave-breaking effect. The accurately constructed breakwater fully meets the sea conditions of the current sea area, has excellent adaptability, and has an excellent wave-breaking and shielding effect on the construction area;

[0032] 3. In the process of transporting the wave-breaking structure, the present application designs a special transport method according to the structure of the wave-breaking structure. By lying horizontally with the inflow hole facing downward, the wave-breaking structure can be stably floated on the water surface, which is convenient for towing. A large number of wave-breaking structures can be transported by small boats for construction, which improves the construction efficiency, does not require large boats, and greatly reduces the construction cost;

[0033] 4. This application connects the horizontal wave-breaking structures end to end for towing, which is simple to operate. The towed wave-breaking structures are in order. The long strip connection form is convenient for one-to-one construction operations, which improves the efficiency of towing and installation of the wave-breaking structures.

[0034] 5. The present application arranges a ring anchor point on the wave-breaking structure, so that when the anchor cable between the wave-breaking structure and the anchor block is connected, the anchor cable can be quickly fixed to the wave-breaking structure, making the connection construction of the anchor cable extremely simple and easier to operate;

[0035] 6. The adjustment method of the wave-breaking structure in the present application is very simple. The wave-breaking structure has the function of self-adjusting buoyancy, and the required design draft can be obtained by self-adjusting buoyancy. Then, the anchor cable can be tensioned by adjusting the buoyancy in coordination with the anchor cable, so that the tensioned anchor cable can stably limit the set installation coordinates of the wave-breaking structure. The wave-breaking structure is stably arranged, and the entire construction process does not require any lifting equipment, and the operation is simple;

[0036] 7. The wave-breaking structure of the present application is constructed in a circulating flow-type manner. After the construction of the current protection area is completed, the breakwater wave-breaking structure corresponding to the current protection area can be dismantled and transferred to the next protection area. The wave-breaking structure can be recycled, which greatly reduces the manufacturing and use costs of the breakwater;

[0037] 8. The present application is extremely convenient for dismantling the wave-breaking structure. By adjusting the buoyancy, the anchor cable can be loosened, which facilitates the disconnection. An underwater robot or diver can quickly disconnect the anchor block from the wave-breaking structure, and dismantle it quickly. The construction efficiency is extremely high, and the difficulty of dismantling construction is extremely small.

[0038] 9. The removal of the wave-breaking structure of the present application is coordinated according to the construction progress of the construction area. The wave-breaking structure is gradually transferred to the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the next construction area. The construction of the construction area and the construction of the breakwater can be carried out simultaneously, which greatly saves time and further improves the construction efficiency;

[0039] 10. The pre-installed anchor blocks of the present application are used to dismantle the installation arrangement of the wave-breaking structure, which can avoid the most time-consuming anchor block hoisting operation during the breakwater construction process affecting the overall construction efficiency. The removal and installation of the wave-breaking structure and the hoisting of the anchor blocks can be carried out completely independently, and the hoisting of the anchor blocks will not affect the installation of the wave-breaking structure, further improving the efficiency of the construction operation;

[0040] 11. The array length of the breakwater array constructed in the present application is greater than the length of the area to be protected corresponding to the construction area, ensuring that the formed breakwater can completely cover the required construction area and provide complete wave protection for the construction area;

[0041] 12. The design depth of the wave-breaking structure of the present application exceeds half the water depth of the current sea area. The wave-breaking structure arranged in this way can maintain a good wave-breaking effect while avoiding the problems of great construction difficulty and reduced construction efficiency.

[0042] The floating array breakwater of the present application has a simple structure and is easy to construct and operate. It can provide good wave protection for the construction area and has extremely high overall construction efficiency. The breakwater can be circulated and reused, which greatly saves the use and manufacturing costs. The breakwater uses a small number of anchor blocks and anchor cables, and has extremely high construction efficiency, which has great promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the floating array breakwater of the present application;

[0044] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the relationship between wave incident and wave eliminating structure of the present application;

[0045] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the connection between the wave-breaking structure and the anchor block of the present application;

[0046] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of floating of the wave-breaking structure of the present application;

[0047] Figure 5 : The breakwater construction flow chart of this application;

[0048] Figure 6 : Flow chart of the breakwater circulating water protection operation of the present application;

[0049] Among them: 1—wave-breaking structure; 2—anchor block; 3—anchor cable; 4—ring anchor point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0051] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0052] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0053] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0054] The present application relates to a method for constructing a floating array breakwater. The breakwater of the present application is a floating array structure. The monomer constituting the breakwater structure is a wave-breaking structure. The wave-breaking structure of the present application is a hollow columnar floating structure. An inflow hole is provided on the back-wave side of the wave-breaking structure. The wave-breaking structure is restricted to the breakwater construction sea area by anchor blocks. The wave-breaking structure forms an array-type arrangement structure in a horizontal row and vertical column manner. The formed breakwater is located on the front-wave side of the construction area, i.e., the area to be protected, and is used to prevent the interference and influence of waves on the construction area. After the wave enters the breakwater, it will impact the wave-breaking structure. After passing through the wave-breaking structure, the wave will diffract and flow into the inside of the wave-breaking structure from the inflow hole of the wave-breaking structure. Helmholtz resonance occurs in the hollow inside of the wave-breaking structure, thereby being eliminated, achieving the desired wave-breaking effect. In actual use, the waves that hit the surrounding wave-breaking structures are reflected by the wave-breaking structure, and will also re-enter the wave-breaking structure for dissipation. Therefore, the breakwater of the present application has an excellent wave-breaking effect and an excellent covering effect on the construction area. At the same time, since the wave-breaking structures of the present application are arranged in an array, the anchor blocks used to fix the wave-breaking structures are also arranged in an array, and the anchor blocks arranged in the array are fixed to the surrounding wave-breaking structures through anchor cables, most of the anchor blocks can be shared by multiple wave-breaking structures, which is equivalent to reducing the number of anchor blocks used, greatly reducing the cost of the breakwater, and also greatly promoting the fixed installation of the wave-breaking structure, simplifying the construction of the breakwater, and the subsequent demolition operation becomes simpler. In terms of construction methods, the present application does not construct all breakwaters from the beginning. The present application only constructs a section of breakwater for the current construction area each time, and then as the construction area continues to move, the breakwater follows the moving direction of the construction area to dismantle the wave-breaking structure behind and move to the front to re-form the breakwater. Only a small number of wave-breaking structures are needed to complete the breakwater construction operations in all construction areas, further reducing the manufacturing and construction costs of the entire breakwater. At the same time, the circulating flow operation combined with the construction of the construction area can effectively improve the efficiency of the construction.

[0055] Specifically, Figure 3As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the wave-breaking structure 1 of the present application. The wave-breaking structure 1 includes a pontoon structure and a floating body structure. The pontoon structure is a plate-like structure (or a ring-like structure) formed by splicing a plurality of pontoon units with buoyancy adjustment function. The pontoon structure is the base part of the entire wave-breaking structure 1. The pontoon unit has the function of buoyancy adjustment. By adjusting the buoyancy of the pontoon unit, the buoyancy of the entire wave-breaking structure 1 can be adjusted, and the floating state of the entire wave-breaking structure 1 can be changed to meet different wave-breaking requirements. A ballast tank is constructed in the pontoon unit of the present application. The ballast tank can adjust the buoyancy of the entire pontoon unit by setting water inlet and outlet structures to change the gravity of the entire ballast tank, or the ballast tank can adjust the buoyancy of the entire pontoon unit by changing the volume of the airbag by setting an adjustable airbag structure in the ballast tank, or a combination of the two, as long as the buoyancy of the pontoon unit is adjusted.

[0056] The floating structure is a hollow columnar structure with an inflow hole on the back side formed by splicing multiple floating modules. The floating structure is fixed on the pontoon structure to form a columnar floating wave-breaking chamber floating on the water surface. The floating structure is the main part of the entire wave-breaking structure 1 and constitutes the wave-breaking chamber of the wave-breaking structure 1. Waves flow into the floating structure from the inflow hole on the floating structure, and Helmholtz resonance occurs in the hollow floating structure, achieving a good wave-breaking effect.

[0057] The floating structure of the present application includes a plurality of floating modules, which are spliced ​​in sequence along the vertical direction. The floating module includes a plurality of floating units, which are spliced ​​in sequence along the circumferential direction to form a columnar floating module with an opening on the back side of the waves. Figure 3 As shown, the inflow hole penetrates the floating structure from bottom to top, making the back-wave side of the floating structure an open structure. The inner wall of the floating structure is an arc-shaped hollow cylindrical structure. The floating structure is a hollow cylindrical structure formed by sequentially splicing multiple layers of floating modules. The single-layer floating module is a columnar structure with an open side. The open side of the floating module is the inflow hole. Multiple layers of floating modules are sequentially stacked to form the required floating structure. Therefore, from the overall structure point of view, the floating structure is a hollow cylindrical structure with an open side. The top view of the floating structure is a C-shaped structure. The inner side of the floating structure is an arc-shaped structure, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the inner side of the floating structure of this embodiment is a cylindrical structure. Designing the inner side of the floating structure as an arc structure can enhance the effect of Helmholtz resonance and the effect of wave elimination. In actual application, the shape of the internal structure of the floating structure is not limited, as long as it can meet the wave elimination effect. The cylindrical structure inside the floating structure is an optimized solution.

[0058] The breakwater of the present application comprises a plurality of wave-breaking structures 1, anchor blocks 2 and anchor cables 3. The plurality of wave-breaking structures 1 are arranged in an array pattern in which the structures are arranged in longitudinal columns and transverse rows. Figure 1 The left and right directions in this application refer to the longitudinal direction. Figure 1In the up-down direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction intersect perpendicularly, and a plurality of wave-breaking structures 1 are arranged at equal intervals in the transverse direction and at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction, forming an array arrangement pattern.

[0059] The anchor block 2 is an anchoring structure fixed to the seabed between adjacent wave-breaking structures 1. The anchor block 2 of the present application is located between adjacent wave-breaking structures 1, and adjacent wave-breaking structures 1 can share the anchor block 2. This can greatly reduce the number of anchor blocks 2, greatly reduce the cost of the entire breakwater and the construction cost, and make the construction of the breakwater simpler and more efficient.

[0060] The upper end of the anchor cable 3 is anchored to the wave-breaking structure 1, and the lower end is tensioned and adjustable and connected to the anchor block 2. The anchor cable 3 is a cable structure connecting the wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2, and is used to fix the wave-breaking structure 1 to the anchor block 2, limit the wave-breaking structure 1 to the set sea area and make it at a set water depth. Figure 1 As shown, each group of wave-breaking structures 1 of the present application is fixed by four groups of anchor cables 3, and the four groups of anchor cables 3 are respectively placed on both sides of the horizontal direction and the longitudinal direction of the wave-breaking structure 1. A reeling structure is installed on the anchor cable 3, and the length of the anchor cable 3 can be adjusted.

[0061] A floating array breakwater construction method of the present application is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0062] S1. According to the sea conditions, the size of the construction area and the required protection area, design the number of rows and columns of the floating array breakwater, the structural dimensions, plane position coordinates and draft of the wave-breaking structure 1, the type, weight, plane position coordinates of the anchor block 2 and the length of the anchor cable 3;

[0063] The floating array breakwater needs to be able to completely cover the construction area, provide a good construction environment for the construction area, and avoid excessive wave interference and influence on the construction area; after delineating the layout area of ​​the floating array breakwater, the corresponding array arrangement size of the wave-breaking structure 1 can be designed according to the wave characteristics of the current sea area, and the corresponding corresponding installation coordinates are determined. The draft of the wave-breaking structure 1 can be determined according to the water depth of the current waters; after determining the installation coordinates and structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure 1, it can be determined according to the connection form between the wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2. The type of anchor block 2 (the type of anchor block 2 mainly refers to anchor blocks 2 at different installation positions, including internal anchor blocks 2 located inside the array of wave-breaking structures 1, edge anchor blocks 2 located at the edge of the array of wave-breaking structures 1, and outer corner anchor blocks 2 located at the four corners of the array of wave-breaking structures 1. The internal anchor block 2 is connected to four groups of surrounding wave-breaking structures 1, the edge anchor block 2 is connected to two groups of wave-breaking structures 1, and the outer corner anchor block 2 is connected to one group of wave-breaking structures 1), the plane position coordinates of the corresponding anchor block 2 can be determined, and the length of the corresponding anchor cable 3 can be determined according to the water depth of the current waters and the corresponding plane position coordinates;

[0064] S2, transport the anchor block 2 to the designed construction sea area, and arrange the anchor block 2 in the designed breakwater arrangement area;

[0065] The present application does not arrange anchor blocks 2 for all breakwater arrangement areas at the beginning. The present application installs anchor blocks 2 for the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the current construction area. The anchor blocks 2 and the wave-breaking structure 1 are recycled. The latter are dismantled and moved to the front for reuse. In this way, the construction operation of the breakwater in the entire construction area can be completed with a small number of anchor blocks 2, which greatly reduces the cost of the breakwater and the cost of use.

[0066] The construction of anchor block 2 is to lower it to the seabed according to the calculated plane position coordinates of anchor block 2 and fix anchor block 2 on the seabed;

[0067] S3, hoisting the assembled wave-breaking structure 1 into the water, connecting multiple wave-breaking structures 1 together and towing them together to the breakwater construction sea area;

[0068] The wave-breaking structure 1 is assembled and formed according to the structure described above. Although the shape of the wave-breaking structure 1 is a regular columnar structure, it is relatively large in size. If multiple wave-breaking structures 1 are all transported by barges, the barges required for transportation need to have a large space. The present application adopts another method to transport the wave-breaking structure 1. The wave-breaking structure 1 itself is a floating structure. The present application directly places the wave-breaking structure 1 in the water and transports it to the sea area for breakwater construction by towing. The operation is simple and no large-scale shipping equipment is required.

[0069] S4, installing the wave-breaking structure 1 in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the current construction area, adjusting the floating state of the wave-breaking structure 1 based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure 1, and connecting the wave-breaking structure 1 to the corresponding anchor block 2 below using the anchor cable 3;

[0070] After the wave-breaking structure 1 is transported to the set position, the floating state of the wave-breaking structure 1 needs to be operated to facilitate the subsequent fixation of the wave-breaking structure 1. The wave-breaking structure 1 needs to float in the water in a vertical state, with an inflow hole or an opening side facing the construction area (i.e., the side facing away from the wave inflow);

[0071] The wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2 are connected by an anchor cable 3, and this step is mainly operated by an underwater robot or a diver;

[0072] S5, adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 and the tension of the anchor cable 3 to complete the installation of a single wave-breaking structure 1, and sequentially proceeding until all the wave-breaking structures 1 in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the current construction area are installed;

[0073] After the wave-breaking structure 1 is completely fixed on the anchor block 2 by the anchor cable 3, the wave-breaking structure 1 floats on the water surface according to the designed state, that is, the required installation and construction of the wave-breaking structure 1 is completed;

[0074] S6, construction starts: the construction area moves along the construction direction, the wave-breaking structure 1 corresponding to the completed construction position is dismantled and transferred to the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the area to be constructed, and is installed according to the above method to form an array breakwater corresponding to the next construction area;

[0075] The wave-breaking structure 1 is recyclable like the anchor block 2. When all construction in the construction area is completed and wave-breaking cover is no longer needed, the corresponding wave-breaking structure 1 can be dismantled and then transferred to the corresponding breakwater layout area at the next location for installation to build the breakwater at the next location. Through the circulating flow-type construction, the number of wave-breaking structures 1, anchor blocks 2 and anchor cables 3 used can be greatly reduced, and the cost of breakwater manufacturing can be greatly reduced.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present application, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S1. Specifically, the method for designing the structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure 1 is as follows: the structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure 1 include its own structural dimensions, mainly the length and radius data of the wave-breaking structure 1, which can be set according to actual needs, and also include the array lattice size in the breakwater array arrangement, which is actually the spacing between adjacent wave-breaking structures 1, including the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater and the lateral spacing between two adjacent columns of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater. In this embodiment, the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater and the lateral spacing between two adjacent columns of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater are equal. Figure 2 As shown, the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater is calculated according to the following formula:

[0077] 2dsinθ=(n+1 / 2)λ

[0078] Where: d is the longitudinal distance between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater;

[0079] θ——the incident angle of the wave relative to the wave-breaking structure 1;

[0080] λ – wavelength of the wave;

[0081] n——natural number, 0, 1, 2, 3…

[0082] That is to say, when the difference between the propagation distances of two adjacent waves is 2 times dsinθ, and the difference is exactly equal to (n+1 / 2) times the wave wavelength, the wave-breaking effect of the wave-breaking structure 1 is optimal. Based on this method, the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater can be quickly determined according to the wave incident angle and wavelength in the current sea area.

[0083] The array of this embodiment is a breakwater. During use, waves impact the wave-breaking structure 1 from the wave-facing side of the breakwater. After passing through the wave-breaking structure 1 longitudinally, the waves will enter the wave-breaking structure 1 from the wave-receiving side of the wave-breaking structure 1. The waves entering the wave-breaking structure 1 will undergo Helmholtz resonance in the wave-breaking structure 1, thereby achieving a good wave-breaking effect. At the same time, part of the waves passing through the wave-breaking structure 1 longitudinally will impact other wave-breaking structures 1 on the side of the wave-breaking structure 1 facing the construction area, and will be blocked by other wave-breaking structures 1. The generated reflected waves will enter the wave-breaking structure 1 from the inflow hole on the wave-receiving side and continue to be dissipated, thereby further improving the wave-breaking effect.

[0084] The method for the number of rows and columns of the breakwaters in this embodiment includes: designing the row length of the floating array breakwaters to be 1.0 to 1.2 times the length of the area to be protected. Figure 1 The lateral width shown, such as Figure 1 As shown, the horizontal direction of this application Figure 1 The left and right directions in this application refer to the longitudinal direction. Figure 1 The horizontal direction is the moving direction of the construction area, that is, the next construction area is in front of the current construction area. The floating array breakwater is located on the wave-facing side of the construction area, i.e., the area to be protected. The floating array breakwater needs to be able to completely cover the construction area to be protected. Therefore, the length of the floating array breakwater in this embodiment is 1.0 to 1.2 times the length of the area to be protected.

[0085] The row width of the floating array breakwater corresponds to the width in the longitudinal direction. The row width of the floating array breakwater must first meet the requirement of being able to effectively provide sufficient wave protection for the construction area. The number of single-row wave-breaking structures 1 of the floating array breakwater can be calculated based on the wave-breaking effect of a single wave-breaking structure 1 and the wave characteristics of the sea area, and then the minimum row width of the floating array breakwater is calculated based on the longitudinal spacing of the wave-breaking structures 1. The row width of the floating array breakwater needs to be no less than the minimum value to meet the need for covering the construction area. Then, the maximum number of wave-breaking structures 1 that can be arranged in the construction area is determined based on the estimated construction time of the construction area and the breakwater removal time corresponding to the construction area, that is, the breakwater removal time corresponding to the construction area must be less than the estimated construction time of the construction area. Based on the breakwater array arrangement structure and the maximum number of wave-breaking structures 1 that can be arranged in the construction area, the maximum row width of the floating array breakwater can be determined. A suitable value between the minimum row width and the maximum row width is taken as the row width, and the determination of the row width of the floating array breakwater can be completed.

[0086] In a further embodiment of the present application, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S2. The wave-breaking structure 1 of this embodiment is an assembled structure. In actual application, the required pontoon units and floating body units are prefabricated in the factory, and the pontoon units are assembled into a pontoon structure. Based on the pontoon structure, the floating body units are layered and assembled into a floating body structure to form the required wave-breaking structure 1.

[0087] Then, the wave-breaking structure 1 is hoisted into the water, and the buoyancy of the pontoon unit is adjusted to change the center of gravity of the entire wave-breaking structure 1. Specifically, the gravity of the pontoon unit on the opening side is increased, and the gravity of the pontoon unit relative to the opening side is reduced, so that the center of gravity of the wave-breaking structure 1 is biased toward the opening side. After the wave-breaking structure 1 is hoisted into the water, the wave-breaking structure 1 lies horizontally in the water with the side provided with the inflow hole facing downward, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0088] like Figure 4 As shown, the multiple wave-breaking structures 1 lying in the water are finally towed together in a head-to-stern manner to the breakwater construction sea area.

[0089] This towing method can use a small boat without the need for large marine equipment, and is simple to operate. In addition, connecting multiple wave-breaking structures 1 in a linear series manner is convenient for rapid transportation on the one hand, and is orderly and easy to operate during subsequent installation on the other hand.

[0090] In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the present embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S4. After the wave-breaking structure 1 is transported to the designed construction position, the floating state of the wave-breaking structure 1 needs to be adjusted. The current wave-breaking structure 1 lies on the water surface with the opening facing downward, and the wave-breaking structure 1 needs to be adjusted to float vertically in the water. Specifically, by adjusting the buoyancy of the buoyancy unit of the wave-breaking structure 1, the buoyancy of the buoyancy unit is changed, which is actually to adjust the gravity of all buoyancy units to the maximum, transfer the center of gravity of the entire wave-breaking structure 1 to the center of the buoyancy unit, or transfer the center of gravity of the wave-breaking structure 1 to the side close to the buoyancy unit, so that the weight of the wave-breaking structure 1 close to the end of the buoyancy unit is greater than that of the end far away from the buoyancy unit, and the wave-breaking structure 1 forms a state of heavy feet and light head, and automatically flips from a horizontal state to a vertical state. Further, after the wave-breaking structure 1 flips to a vertical state, it gradually sinks until it sinks to the maximum draft position (the maximum draft position of this embodiment refers to the position where the upper end of the wave-breaking structure 1 is just flush with the sea surface), which is convenient for the construction of the anchor cable 3.

[0091] One end of the anchor cable 3 is connected to the anchor block 2, and the other end is connected to the wave-breaking structure 1. In this embodiment, a ring anchor point 4 is provided on the wave-breaking structure 1. The length of the anchor cable 3 at this time is adjusted by a reel, which is greater than the spacing between the ring anchor point 4 of the current wave-breaking structure 1 and the corresponding anchor block 2. That is to say, the anchor cable 3 is in a loose state after being connected to the anchor block 2 and the ring anchor point 4, which can facilitate the operation of divers or underwater robots. During the actual connection, the diver or underwater robot passes the upper end of the anchor cable 3 through the ring anchor point 4 on the wave-breaking structure 1, and uses a plurality of bolt tighteners to securely connect the anchor cable 3 to the ring anchor point 4, and securely connect the lower end of the anchor cable 3 to the corresponding anchor block 2 below.

[0092] In a further embodiment of the present application, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S6. In the above-mentioned step S4, after the construction of the anchor cable 3 between the wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2 is completed, the anchor cable 3 needs to be tensioned to fix the wave-breaking structure 1. The specific operation method is: by adjusting the buoyancy of the pontoon unit of the wave-breaking structure 1, the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 is gradually increased until the draft of the wave-breaking structure 1 reaches the design depth, the tensioning force of the anchor cable 3 is adjusted to make the anchor cable 3 in a tensioned state (the length and tensioning force can be adjusted by the reel on the anchor cable 3), and the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 is adjusted to the net buoyancy value of the designed working state.

[0093] When the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 reaches the net buoyancy value of the designed working state, the wave-breaking structure 1 is in a floating state, but under the action of the anchor cable 3, the wave-breaking structure 1 is restricted to the current draft depth, and the wave-breaking structure 1, the anchor cable 3 and the anchor block 2 are in a fully tensioned state, and the wave-breaking structure 1 is stably restricted to the draft depth of the current sea area.

[0094] In other embodiments of the present application, Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S6, and the method of dismantling the wave-breaking structure 1 corresponding to the completed construction position and transferring it to the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the area to be constructed is: dismantling the wave-breaking structure 1 corresponding to the position where the construction is completed in the current construction area, and transferring the dismantled wave-breaking structure 1 to the front of the current breakwater array along the construction direction to form a new breakwater array.

[0095] like Figure 1 As shown, it is assumed that every five columns form a breakwater array corresponding to a construction area. Figure 1 The wave-breaking structures 1 in columns a, b, c, d, and e correspond to the breakwater array in the first construction area, which is the current construction area. The wave-breaking structures 1 in columns f, g, h, i, and j correspond to the breakwater array in the second construction area, which is the next construction area. The wave-breaking structures 1 in columns a, b, c, d, and e have all been installed, but the wave-breaking structures 1 in columns f, g, h, i, and j have not yet been installed. During the construction in the current construction area, the construction area starts to move. Assume that after a period of construction, the construction in the first construction area corresponding to the wave-breaking structures 1 in columns a and b is completed. At this time, there is no need to perform wave-breaking operations in the construction range corresponding to the wave-breaking structures 1 in columns a and b. Therefore, the wave-breaking structures 1 in columns a and b can be dismantled, and then the dismantled wave-breaking structures 1 in columns a and b are transported to the corresponding installation positions of the wave-breaking structures 1 in columns f and g, and the dismantled wave-breaking structures 1 are installed in the corresponding installation positions of the wave-breaking structures 1 in columns f and g to form wave-breaking structures 1 in columns f and g, and this process is repeated until the wave-breaking structures 1 in columns a, b, c, d, and e are transformed into wave-breaking structures 1 in columns f, g, h, i, and j.

[0096] The method for dismantling the wave-breaking structure 1 corresponding to the position where the construction is completed in the current construction area in this embodiment is: based on the floating box unit, the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 is adjusted to make the wave-breaking structure 1 sink, increase the depth of the wave-breaking structure 1 into the water, make the anchor cable 3 connecting the wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2 in a relaxed state, release the connection between the anchor cable 3 and the anchor block 2, and adjust the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 to make the wave-breaking structure 1 rise to a floating state. Then, the wave-breaking structure 1 can be adjusted to a horizontal state with the opening facing downward according to the above-mentioned method of transporting the wave-breaking structure 1, and multiple wave-breaking structures 1 can be connected in series through the anchor cable 3 or other rope structures in turn, and transported to the next installation position.

[0097] The removal of the wave-breaking structure 1 is different from the removal of the anchor block 2. The removal of the anchor block 2 is relatively time-consuming. Therefore, in order to avoid the removal and installation of the anchor block 2 affecting the removal and installation of the wave-breaking structure 1, in the present embodiment, during the process of arranging the anchor blocks 2, a group of anchor blocks 2 are pre-installed in front of the wave-breaking structure 1 array corresponding to the current construction area and in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the next construction area. After removing several rows of wave-breaking structures 1 at the rear of the wave-breaking structure 1 array corresponding to the current construction area, the removed wave-breaking structures 1 are installed on the anchor blocks 2 pre-installed in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the next construction area. The anchor blocks 2 from which the wave-breaking structures 1 have been removed are simultaneously hoisted to the area in front of a group of anchor blocks 2 pre-installed in the breakwater arrangement area of ​​the next construction area for installation. Figure 1 As shown, when arranging the anchor blocks 2 of the breakwater corresponding to the first construction area, the anchor blocks 2 corresponding to the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a, b, c, d, e, f, and g are arranged in advance, and when constructing the breakwater corresponding to the first construction area, only the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a, b, c, d, and e are installed, and the anchor blocks 2 of the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns f and g are installed but the wave-breaking structures 1 are left vacant; after the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a and b are dismantled, the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a and b can be installed on the anchor blocks 2 at the corresponding positions of columns f and g, and then the anchor blocks 2 of columns a and b can be dismantled simultaneously. After the anchor blocks 2 of columns a and b are dismantled, the anchor blocks 2 of these two columns are moved to the installation positions corresponding to the wave-breaking modules of columns h and i for installation.

[0098] This can solve the problem that the removal of the anchor block 2 takes a long time and affects the installation of the wave-breaking structure 1.

[0099] When the construction of all construction areas is completed, all wave-breaking structures can be dismantled and towed to the launching site by floating transportation, hoisted ashore and disassembled into independent modules, and then transported to the next construction project for continued use or stored in a warehouse.

[0100] The vertical direction of this application Figure 1 The direction perpendicular to the paper surface in the present application, the horizontal direction in the present application refers to the left and right direction in 1, and the vertical direction in the present application refers to Figure 1 The up and down directions in .

[0101] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present application. The present application may have various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present application to be protected. The scope of protection claimed in the present application is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A floating array breakwater construction method, characterized in that: The floating array breakwater comprises a plurality of wave-breaking structures and a plurality of anchor blocks; the wave-breaking structure is a hollow columnar structure which is provided with an inflow hole on the back side of the wave and can float on the sea surface; a buoyancy adjustment structure is provided on the wave-breaking structure; a plurality of wave-breaking structures are arranged in an array in a longitudinal column and a transverse row to form a breakwater; the anchor blocks are fixed on the seabed of the sea area where the breakwater is located, and are fixedly connected with the surrounding adjacent wave-breaking structures by anchor cables so that the wave-breaking structures float on the sea surface in a state where part of the wave-breaking structures are below the sea surface and part of the wave-breaking structures are above the sea surface; The construction method comprises: According to the sea conditions, the size of the construction area and the required shelter area, design the number of rows and columns of the floating array breakwater, the structural dimensions, plane position coordinates and draft of the wave-breaking structure, the type, weight, plane position coordinates and length of the anchor block; Transport the anchor blocks to the designed construction sea area and arrange the anchor blocks in the designed breakwater arrangement area; The assembled wave-breaking structures are hoisted into the water, and multiple wave-breaking structures are connected and towed together to the breakwater construction sea area; Install a wave-breaking structure in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the current construction area, adjust the floating state of the wave-breaking structure based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure, and connect the wave-breaking structure to the corresponding anchor block below using an anchor cable; Adjust the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure and the tension of the anchor cable to complete the installation of a single wave-breaking structure, and continue in sequence until all wave-breaking structures in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the current construction area are installed; When construction starts, the construction area moves along the construction direction. The wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction position is dismantled and transferred to the breakwater layout area corresponding to the area to be constructed. It is installed according to the above method to form an array breakwater corresponding to the next construction area. When construction starts, the construction area moves along the construction direction. The wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction position is dismantled and transferred to the breakwater layout area corresponding to the area to be constructed. The new breakwater is installed according to the above method, and the process is carried out in sequence until the construction of all construction areas is completed.

2. A floating array breakwater construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method for designing the structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure comprises: constructing the breakwater array lattice dimensions according to the following formula: 2dsinθ=(n+1 / 2)λ Where: d is the longitudinal distance between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures in the floating array breakwater; θ——the incident angle of the wave relative to the wave-breaking structure; λ – wavelength of the wave; n——natural number, which is n, 1, 2, 3… 3. A floating array breakwater construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method for hanging and placing the assembled wave-breaking structure in water comprises: hanging and placing the wave-breaking structure into water, so that the wave-breaking structure lies horizontally in the water with the side with the inflow hole facing downward.

4. A floating array breakwater construction method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The method for connecting a plurality of wave-breaking structures and towing them together to the breakwater construction sea area comprises: towing a plurality of wave-breaking structures lying in the water together in a head-to-stern manner to the breakwater construction sea area.

5. A floating array breakwater construction method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The method for adjusting the floating state of the wave-breaking structure based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure includes: flipping the wave-breaking structure from a horizontal state to a vertical state through the buoyancy adjustment structure, and gradually adjusting the buoyancy of the entire wave-breaking structure to make the wave-breaking structure sink to a maximum draft position.

6. A floating array breakwater construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method of using an anchor cable to connect a wave-breaking structure with a corresponding anchor block below includes: passing the upper end of the anchor cable through a ring-shaped anchor point on the wave-breaking structure, and using multiple bolt tighteners to securely connect the anchor cable to the ring-shaped anchor point, and securely connecting the lower end of the anchor cable to the corresponding anchor block below.

7. A floating array breakwater construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method for adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure and the tension of the anchor cable comprises: gradually increasing the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure until the draft of the wave-breaking structure reaches the designed depth, adjusting the tension of the anchor cable to put the anchor cable in a tensioned state, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to the net buoyancy value of the designed working state.

8. A floating array breakwater construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method of dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction position and transferring it to the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the area to be constructed includes: dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the position where the construction is completed in the current construction area, and transferring the dismantled wave-breaking structure to the front of the current breakwater array along the construction direction to form a new breakwater array.

9. A floating array breakwater construction method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The method for dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the position where the construction is completed in the current construction area includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to make the wave-breaking structure sink, releasing the connection between the anchor cable and the anchor block, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to make the wave-breaking structure rise to a floating state.

10. A floating array breakwater construction method as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: A group of anchor blocks are pre-installed in front of the wave-breaking structure array corresponding to the current construction area in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the next construction area. After dismantling several rows of wave-breaking structures at the rear of the wave-breaking structure array corresponding to the current construction area, the dismantled wave-breaking structures are installed on the anchor blocks pre-installed in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the next construction area. The anchor blocks from which the wave-breaking structures have been dismantled are simultaneously lifted to the area in front of a group of anchor blocks pre-installed in the breakwater layout area of ​​the next construction area for installation.

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