Embedded multi-module cooperative processing system for petroleum perforation

Abstract

The invention discloses an embedded multi-module cooperative processing system for petroleum perforation, the system is matched with a perforating gun for use, a casing coupling positioner (CCL) is arranged in the perforating gun, the system comprises a front-end signal processing module, an embedded microcontroller, an upper computer communication module and a rear-end ignition circuit module; the casing coupling positioner CCL is used for detecting the position of a casing coupling in a shaft and generating a CCL signal; the front-end signal processing module is used for collecting and preprocessing a CCL signal, and inputting the preprocessed signal into the embedded microcontroller; the upper computer communication module is used for realizing mutual communication between an upper computer and the embedded microcontroller; the embedded microcontroller is used for system control and scheduling management, data acquisition and storage and ignition control signal output; and after receiving the ignition control signal, the rear-end ignition circuit module executes ignition blasting operation. The system is applied to petroleum perforation, and can realize acquisition and storage of various data in the petroleum perforation process and ignition control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of embedded systems in petroleum perforation operations, and in particular relates to an embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for petroleum perforation. Background Art

[0002] Oil perforation is an important part of oil exploration and development, and is also a key step to improve the production performance of oil wells. After cementing, there is a layer of casing and cement ring between the wellbore and the formation, and there is also a part of the near-wellbore area contaminated by mud. The connection between the casing and the casing in the oil well is called the casing collar. Perforation operation refers to the operation of using special energy-gathering equipment to enter the predetermined layer of the wellbore to explode and open holes, so that the fluid in the underground formation can enter the hole. The main purpose of perforation is to penetrate the casing and cement ring, open the reservoir, establish communication between the formation and the wellbore, and allow the fluid to enter the wellbore, thereby realizing the normal production of oil and gas wells.

[0003] Perforating guns are commonly used equipment in perforating operations. A common method for perforating depth calibration in perforating operations is to perform real-time depth calibration based on the sensor signal returned by the casing collar locator (CCL) delivered by the cable, determine the location of the perforating instrument downhole by manually identifying the collar signal, and give a detonation signal to ignite it.

[0004] A large amount of downhole data needs to be collected during perforating operations, and the real-time and stability of the data are required to be high. The existing downhole CCL signal collection and storage methods rely on cables as signal transmission media. The signals collected by downhole instruments are usually transmitted to the surface device through communication protocols such as CAN and UART for analysis and storage.

[0005] However, in a complex underground environment, the wired communication between the cable and the surface equipment is susceptible to various interferences, and the traditional wired signal transmission method has many hidden dangers. During the signal transmission process, due to the influence of factors such as underground vibration and cable collision, quality attenuation or even distortion is prone to occur, resulting in significant differences from the source end signal. This not only increases the error of the perforating operation, but also reduces the reliability of the data, which makes it difficult for subsequent engineers to analyze and evaluate the oil wells, thereby affecting the efficiency of oilfield development and the accuracy of decision-making.

[0006] Therefore, in order to address the problems existing in the existing technology, such as unstable signal transmission, poor data quality, and large manual recognition errors, it is necessary to design an embedded multi-module collaborative processing system with high integration, strong reliability and real-time characteristics, which can complete signal acquisition, processing and storage locally underground, thereby reducing the complexity and hidden dangers of data acquisition in perforating operations. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of signal interference and quality attenuation during the interaction between the existing downhole perforating system and the ground, and to propose an improved embedded perforating system. By integrating embedded data acquisition and storage devices inside the perforating gun, local real-time acquisition, processing and storage of signals are realized, effectively reducing the dependence on ground equipment and manual operation. The system not only avoids the risk of signal quality degradation in traditional wired transmission, but also significantly improves the real-time nature of data transmission and the reliability of system operation, providing reliable support for subsequent data analysis.

[0008] The present invention proposes an embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for petroleum perforation, which is used in conjunction with a perforating gun, and a casing collar locator CCL is arranged in the perforating gun. The system comprises: a front-end signal processing module, an embedded microcontroller, a host computer communication module and a rear-end ignition circuit module;

[0009] The casing collar locator CCL is used to detect the casing collar in the wellbore and generate a CCL signal;

[0010] The front-end signal processing module is used to collect and pre-process the CCL signal, and input the pre-processed signal into the embedded microcontroller;

[0011] The host computer communication module is used to realize mutual communication between the host computer and the embedded microcontroller;

[0012] The embedded microcontroller is used for system control and scheduling management, data collection and storage, and output of ignition control signals;

[0013] After receiving the ignition control signal, the rear end ignition circuit module performs an ignition and explosion operation.

[0014] Furthermore, the embedded microcontroller includes an ADC signal acquisition module, an intelligent algorithm module, the data storage control unit, a serial communication module, a remote control module, an LED control module, a TIM control module, an MPU control module, an IMU control module, an output module and a power supply module.

[0015] Furthermore, the pre-processed signal is sampled and detected through the intelligent algorithm processing module, the collar signal is identified, and the depth of the perforating system is calculated based on the collar signal.

[0016] Furthermore, the data storage control unit includes a ping-pong cache module, a flash memory drive unit and an off-chip Flash chip, and the flash memory drive unit includes an MDMA control module and a QSPI control module.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention significantly improves the accuracy, real-time and stability of downhole signal acquisition, processing and storage by adopting STM32H7 series chips, CCL sensors, high-precision signal acquisition modules, intelligent algorithm recognition, ping-pong cache technology, MDMA+QSPI data storage method and multi-module collaborative mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the present invention not only solves the problems of signal attenuation, interference and transmission delay in traditional cable communications, but also improves the scalability and adaptability of the system through modular design, ensuring the reliable operation of the system in complex downhole high-interference environments. In addition, the efficiency and security of data storage are greatly enhanced, while reducing the cost and complexity of perforating operations. Overall, the present invention provides an embedded multi-module collaborative processing system with high integration, strong collaboration and excellent performance for perforating operations, which can effectively support the needs of perforating operations in complex downhole environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall framework of the system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a characteristic diagram of a primary collar signal collected by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of identifying a collar signal through an intelligent algorithm processing module in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a data storage process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the MPU memory management area in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall system framework of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] The embodiment of the present invention proposes an embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for oil perforation, which is used in conjunction with a perforating gun, and a casing collar locator CCL is arranged in the perforating gun. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a front-end signal processing module, an embedded microcontroller, a host computer communication module and a back-end ignition circuit module;

[0026] The casing collar locator CCL (also called CCL sensor) is used to detect the position of the casing collar in the wellbore and generate a CCL signal;

[0027] The front-end signal processing module is used to collect and pre-process the CCL signal, and input the pre-processed signal into the embedded microcontroller;

[0028] The host computer communication module is used to realize mutual communication between the host computer and the embedded microcontroller;

[0029] The embedded microcontroller is used for system control and scheduling management, data collection and storage, and output of ignition control signals;

[0030] After receiving the ignition control signal, the rear end ignition circuit module performs an ignition and explosion operation.

[0031] According to the purpose of different functional modules, the present invention builds an embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for oil perforation around the STM32H7 series chip, in which all functional modules are uniformly scheduled and managed by the UC / OS-III real-time operating system. The QSPI (Queued Serial Peripheral Interface) interface of the STM32H7 series chip is used to build a communication bridge between the microcontroller and the Flash chip. Compared with the Standard SPI communication mode, QSPI has a higher data bandwidth and faster storage speed.

[0032] In petroleum perforating operations, it is necessary to accurately locate the position of the perforation (i.e., perforation depth calibration). The perforation depth calibration method adopted by the present invention is specifically as follows: since the length of the casing is known, the thickness of the connection between the casing and the casing (i.e., the casing coupling) is significantly greater than the thickness of the casing, therefore, a casing coupling locator is provided in the perforating gun, and when the casing coupling locator CCL passes through the casing coupling, an induced electromotive force is generated, generating a CCL signal; the number of casing couplings is calculated according to the CCL signal, and then the depth of the perforating gun is calculated, so as to achieve perforation depth calibration.

[0033] The present invention sets the embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for oil perforation and the casing collar locator CCL in the perforating gun, and cooperates with the perforating gun to form the entire oil perforating system. The specific process of using the system to perform perforation and collect data is as follows:

[0034] Before the system is used (i.e. before the perforating gun is lowered into the well), the initialization of each functional module of the embedded microcontroller is completed, and the host computer is used to check whether each parameter index is normal. Then, the algorithm parameters, oil well condition data and target depth parameters are imported into the embedded microcontroller, and the intelligent algorithm module is used to calculate in real time downhole and then give a control signal. After the perforating gun is loaded, the embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for oil perforation is turned on to confirm that each functional module of the system is in normal operation, and then the perforating gun equipped with the whole system is lowered into the well using a cable. During the movement of the perforating gun underground, the system can collect and store various data during the movement, calibrate the depth, and realize ignition control.

[0035] During the operation of the system (also during the movement of the perforating gun underground), if the embedded microcontroller has detected that the perforating gun has reached the preset depth, it will output a control signal to the rear end ignition circuit to detonate the pyrotechnics to achieve perforation.

[0036] After the perforating operation is completed, the perforating gun is taken out, and then the embedded multi-module collaborative processing system is taken out, and the data stored in the Flash chip is exported using the host computer. The data is used for perforating operation evaluation and experimental data recording.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 As shown, a plot is made based on the data derived from the embedded multi-module collaborative processing system (including a characteristic plot of the collar signal); after analysis, the movement state and behavior of the perforating system (such as a perforating gun) in the well are obtained.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a characteristic diagram of a collar signal collected in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Specifically, the host computer communication module is responsible for importing the control algorithm (the algorithm has been pre-debugged or trained), well data and target depth information into the embedded microcontroller, and exporting the collected data from the embedded microcontroller and generating text, images, etc.

[0040] The CCL signal generated by the casing collar locator is an induced electromotive force (i.e., an analog signal), which needs to be preprocessed, specifically: DC offset correction, signal amplification, and filtering.

[0041] Preferably, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the embedded microcontroller includes an ADC signal acquisition module, an intelligent algorithm module, the data storage control unit, a serial communication module, a button control module, an LED control module, a TIM control module, an MPU control module, an IMU control module, an output module and a power module.

[0042] Specific:

[0043] The ADC signal acquisition module collects the pre-processed CCL analog signal output by the front-end signal processing module in real time and converts it into a digital signal, which is then transmitted to the intelligent algorithm processing module.

[0044] The intelligent algorithm processing module is used to perform algorithm calculations and data comparison to determine whether the perforating system has reached the preset depth. The algorithm can be an existing or improved algorithm, which is programmed into a calculation program and debugged before going down the well to complete the preparation work.

[0045] The data storage control unit is used to complete data scheduling work, which specifically includes caching and storing data.

[0046] The serial port communication module is used to realize the communication interaction between the embedded microcontroller and the host computer.

[0047] The remote control module is used to receive instructions for controlling the embedded microcontroller, which specifically include: detecting status, starting sampling, and ending sampling.

[0048] The LED control module is used to control the LED display device, which can display the current status of the embedded microcontroller, including waiting for parameter import, data collection, collection completed and system failure, which is convenient for staff to identify and operate.

[0049] TIM (Timer) clock control module provides system time reference, records data acquisition time and controller behavior time for subsequent data analysis, and is also used to drive ADC sampling.

[0050] MPU (Memory Protect Unit) memory protection unit control module, used to define and adjust memory attributes and access rights.

[0051] IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) inertial measurement unit control module is used to collect acceleration and angular velocity data of the perforating system for subsequent data analysis.

[0052] The output module is used to output the ignition control signal obtained after being processed by the intelligent algorithm module.

[0053] The power module is used to provide working power for the embedded multi-module collaborative processing system.

[0054] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of identifying a coupling through an intelligent algorithm processing module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Preferably, the pre-processed signal is subjected to algorithm detection by an intelligent algorithm processing module, and the depth of the perforating gun is calculated according to the detected number of couplings and the length of the casing.

[0056] Specifically, after the collected CCL signal is preprocessed, it is converted into a one-dimensional CCL signal data sequence through an ADC signal acquisition module, and the one-dimensional CCL signal data sequence is sampled to obtain a sampled signal. Figure 3 As shown, through the intelligent algorithm processing module, the average value and variance of the sampling signal within a certain range are accumulated and calculated, the upper and lower thresholds of the current CCL signal are determined, and then it is judged whether the sampling signal exceeds the threshold range and the label (Label) is recorded at the same time. If it is detected that the CCL signal exceeds the threshold range for 4 consecutive times (that is, 4 consecutive labels are 1, that is, Label = 1, otherwise the label is zero, that is, Label = 0), it is regarded as a collar signal.

[0057] By comparing the imported well data, the distance and time of the three sets of collar signals are decomposed using the LU matrix method to obtain the coefficients of the perforating gun motion trajectory equation (distance, speed, acceleration). The depth of the perforating gun is calculated based on the perforating gun motion trajectory equation to perform depth verification.

[0058] Preferably, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the data storage control unit includes a ping-pong cache module, a flash memory drive unit and an off-chip Flash chip, and the flash memory drive unit includes an MDMA (Master Direct Memory Access) control module and a QSPI (Queued Serial Peripheral Interface) control module.

[0059] The external Flash chip communication interface is QSPI. Compared with the Standard SPI communication method, QSPI has a higher data bandwidth and faster storage speed.

[0060] Specifically: the ping-pong cache module is used to receive a steady stream of serial data for caching; the flash drive unit is used to drive the off-chip Flash chip to store the data stored in the ping-pong cache module to the off-chip Flash chip; finally, the off-chip Flash chip is used to store various types of data collected by the embedded multi-module collaborative processing system.

[0061] The MDMA control module is used to manage the MDMA controller related drivers and realize the data transfer from memory to peripherals when the storage demand is triggered.

[0062] QSPI driver module, used to manage QSPI controller related drivers.

[0063] The old data calculated by the intelligent algorithm processing module is stored in the pre-set ping-pong cache module (i.e., cache space), and the data storage structure is composed of a fixed frame format. The data stored in the cache space includes the collected CCL signal data, the output results of the control algorithm, and the recorded data of the system's operating status (marking the collar and ignition operation).

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the data storage process in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 In the process of data storage, the following steps are taken: first, the MPU, ping-pong cache area and off-chip Flash chip are initialized respectively; then, the system starts to collect data, and after each data collection is completed, it is determined whether the ping-pong cache area needs to be updated; if the cache needs to be updated, the collected data is written into the other half-buffer until the half-buffer is full; if the cache does not need to be updated, the collected data is written into the current half-buffer until the current half-buffer is full; finally, whenever a half-buffer is full (i.e., one of the A and B areas is full), an MDMA transfer is triggered to write the data in the full half-buffer into the QSPI controller, and the QSPI controller is then responsible for writing the data into the off-chip Flash chip.

[0065] Reference Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the normal working state of the cache space of the ping-pong cache module is that new data is written into one half area, and at the same time, old data is read out of the other half area. This kind of double buffering mechanism can ensure the continuity of signal data and avoid frame data loss caused by read-write competition. When the frame data fills up one half area, a data storage operation is triggered. The data storage operation is completed using the MDMA controller and QSPI controller in the microcontroller chip. When a data storage operation is triggered, the microcontroller is responsible for moving the frame data that has filled up the half area in the cache space to the DR register in the QSPI controller through MDMA, and then writes it into the flash chip in the address increment mode under the flash driver.

[0066] The system uses Nor Flash chip as the off-chip data storage medium. Nor Flash has strong stability in extreme environments such as high temperature and high pressure, and is more adaptable to interference such as electrical noise and vibration, and can ensure long-term and safe storage of data.

[0067] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the MPU memory management area in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 In the system memory, the system memory is divided into two areas (i.e., area 0 and area 1); area 0 can only read configuration information and enable D-Cache to accelerate CPU access; area 1 is a double buffer, including buffer area A that can only write data temporarily and buffer area B that can only read data.

[0068] The above-mentioned collected data, including algorithm parameters, well condition data, target depth parameters and data cache space, are all stored in the microcontroller's on-chip SRAM and managed by the Cortex-M7 core memory protection unit MPU.

[0069] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention rewrites the read and write strategies of different memory areas to improve data security. The configuration information is stored at the bottom of AXI_SRAM, and the memory area D-Cache is enabled to improve CPU access efficiency. When the ping-pong cache area B is full, its memory attribute is changed to read-only, and the cache in area A is changed to write-only. This can ensure data accuracy while reducing algorithm time consumption.

[0070] The storage medium of the system is integrated into the embedded microcontroller, replacing the existing method of using cables as the communication medium to communicate with ground equipment, thereby reducing environmental interference during wired communication.

[0071] A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which can include: ROM, RAM, disk or CD, etc.

[0072] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for petroleum perforation, the system is used in conjunction with a perforating gun, a casing collar locator CCL is arranged in the perforating gun, and is characterized in that: The system includes: a front-end signal processing module, an embedded microcontroller, a host computer communication module and a back-end ignition circuit module; The casing collar locator CCL is used to detect the casing collar in the wellbore and generate a CCL signal; The front-end signal processing module is used to collect and pre-process the CCL signal, and input the pre-processed signal into the embedded microcontroller; The host computer communication module is used to realize mutual communication between the host computer and the embedded microcontroller; The embedded microcontroller is used for system control and scheduling management, data collection and storage, and output of ignition control signals; After receiving the ignition control signal, the rear end ignition circuit module performs an ignition and explosion operation.

2. An embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for petroleum perforation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The embedded microcontroller includes an ADC signal acquisition module, an intelligent algorithm module, the data storage control unit, a serial communication module, a remote control module, an LED control module, a TIM control module, an MPU control module, an IMU control module, an output module and a power module.

3. The embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for petroleum perforation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Through the intelligent algorithm processing module, the pre-processed signal is sampled and detected, the collar signal is identified, and the depth of the perforating system is calculated based on the collar signal.

4. The embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for petroleum perforation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The data storage control unit comprises a ping-pong cache module, a flash memory drive unit and an off-chip Flash chip, and the flash memory drive unit comprises an MDMA control module and a QSPI control module.

5. The embedded multi-module collaborative processing system for petroleum perforation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The data storage process of this system is: Initialize the MPU, ping-pong cache area and off-chip flash chip respectively; Collect data. If a single data collection is completed, determine whether to update the ping-pong cache area; Whenever half of the ping-pong buffer area is filled with data, an MDMA transfer is triggered to write the data in the ping-pong buffer area to the off-chip flash chip.

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