Small-section transverse wall type medium-length hole ore breaking and filling mining method

Abstract

A small-section transverse wall type medium-length hole ore breaking and filling mining method comprises the following steps that a gently-inclined to-inclined thin ore body is divided into stages in the inclination direction, ore blocks are divided in the stages in the trend, and studs, wide chambers and small sections in the trend are arranged in the ore blocks in the inclination direction; the chamber is divided into a plurality of stoping units by the small sections. Arranging a small cutting well at one end of the stoping unit, drilling a medium-length hole which is inclined relative to the undercutting roadway, carrying out transverse wall type continuous ore breaking, and transferring the ore to a draw shaft by ore removal equipment to be transported out; and after all the ores in the stoping unit are transported out, cemented filling is performed on the unit goaf, and a certain height is reserved to serve as a rock drilling space of the previous stoping unit. And after the stoping of the stope room is finished, recycling the non-utilized stud in the shallow hole. The method has the advantages that the ore block production capacity is high, and personnel do not enter the goaf for operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a mining method for underground mining of metal ore deposits, in particular to a small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore-dropping and filling mining method, which is suitable for mining gently inclined to inclined thin ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] The mining methods commonly used in traditional mining of gently inclined to inclined thin ore bodies include full mining, room-and-pillar mining, wall caving mining, and wall-filling mining. Full mining and room-and-pillar mining have simple processes, small mining and cutting workloads, and are easy for workers to master; however, the labor intensity of operators is high and the risk factor is high. Wall caving mining has small losses and dilution; however, the law of roof collapse is difficult to understand, the danger level of operators is high, and the tilt of the bottom plate can easily cause the pillars to slide. Wall-filling mining has a high ore recovery rate and a low dilution rate; however, the mining efficiency is low, the process is complex, and the consumption of pit wood is high.

[0003] These mining methods all use shallow hole mining, with low block production capacity and high ore recovery rate. According to the Mining Design Manual and Mining Manual, the block production capacity of the full mining method, room-and-pillar mining method, wall caving mining method, and wall-filling mining method are 40-90t / d, 40-290t / d, 60-240t / d, and 30-40t / d, respectively, and the ore recovery rates are 80-97%, 70-97%, 65-90%, and 91-96%, respectively. In addition, for the full mining method and room-and-pillar mining method, personnel need to enter the empty area to work, and personal safety is difficult to guarantee; for the wall caving mining method and wall-filling mining method, personnel work under the protection of pillars at the edge of the empty area, and the degree of danger is also high. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of low ore block production capacity and high risk for operators in the above-mentioned traditional gently inclined to inclined thin ore body mining, the present invention proposes a small-segmented horizontal wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method, which has the advantages of high ore block production capacity, high ore recovery rate, and operators do not need to enter the empty area to operate.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole drop-filling mining method, which is suitable for mining of gently inclined to inclined thin ore bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Block division: The ore body is divided into stages along the inclination direction, and the blocks are divided along the strike in the stages. Pillars, wide mine rooms and small sections along the strike are arranged in the blocks. The small sections divide the mine rooms into several mining units.

[0007] (2) Mining and cutting: From the stage transportation tunnel, dig the chute and ventilation tunnel to reach the ore body, and dig the mine exit and pedestrian ventilation tunnel from the chute to the inside of the ore body, which are connected with the electric rake chamber and chute of the previous stage. Dig the electric rake chamber below the chute mouth and connect the ventilation tunnel. At the bottom of the ore block, dig the bottom tunnel between the two mine exits and the mountain, and arrange a small cutting shaft at one end of the mining unit;

[0008] (3) Mining: In the mining unit, a medium-depth hole inclined to the bottom lane is drilled, and the small well and the bottom lane are cut as blasting compensation space. The ore is continuously dropped in a horizontal wall. After each cycle of ore body blasting is completed, the dropped ore is transported to the chute by the ore discharge equipment. After all the ore in the mining unit is transported out, a filling retaining wall is built, the unit empty area is cemented and filled, and a certain height is reserved as the rock drilling space of the previous mining unit. After the filling body in the unit empty area solidifies, the previous mining unit is mined;

[0009] (4) Pillar recovery: After all the mining units in a single mining room have been filled and solidified, a shallow hole parallel to the mine exit or pedestrian ventilation path is drilled with a shallow hole drill, and the pillars that are no longer used are recovered by blasting from top to bottom. After the recovery of the pillars is completed, the empty areas of the pillars are cemented and filled.

[0010] The gently inclined to inclined thin ore body described in step (1) specifically refers to an ore body with an inclination angle of 25° to 45° and a thickness of less than 3m. The stage of ore body division has an oblique length of 30 to 50m along the inclination direction, and the length of the ore block is 60 to 80m. The stage is divided into 4 to 5 small sections, and the oblique length of the small section along the inclination direction is 5 to 10m.

[0011] The specifications of the stage transport tunnel, mine exit and mountain, pedestrian ventilation tunnel, bottom tunnel and electric rake chamber described in step (2) are all 2.5m×2.8m, and the specifications of the ventilation tunnel, cutting well and chute are all 2m×2m.

[0012] The medium-depth hole described in step (3) has an angle of 30° to 45° between the ore layer and the bottom tunnel, and a hole depth of 1.5 to 14.14 m. The bottom of the hole can be reinforced with explosives so that the collapsed ore can fall into the bottom tunnel as much as possible.

[0013] The reserved certain height described in step (3) is 2.8m.

[0014] The angle between the parallel shallow holes described in step (4) and the mine exit and pedestrian ventilation paths is 90°, and the hole depth is 1.8m.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] (1) The wide mine room is divided into several mining units by small sections. The mining units adopt the horizontal wall type medium and deep hole mining method to improve the ore production capacity.

[0017] (2) Drill medium-deep holes in the ore layer that are inclined to the bottom tunnel or rock drilling space to ensure that the collapsed ore falls into the bottom tunnel as much as possible.

[0018] (2) To ensure smooth process, the chute and electric rake chamber in this stage will be moved down to the next stage for layout.

[0019] (3) Relying on the columns to build the filling retaining wall, the filling preparation work is simple and efficient;

[0020] (4) During the filling process of the unit void area, a certain height is reserved as the working space of the previous mining unit, which reduces the amount of mining and cutting work.

[0021] (5) There are no top pillars or bottom pillars, and the intermediate pillars are mined later, resulting in a high ore recovery rate.

[0022] (6) Personnel do not enter the airspace to work, which can ensure personal safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is the front view of the small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method described in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a side view of the small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method described in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a top view of the small-segment transverse wall type medium-depth hole ore filling mining method described in the present invention.

[0026] Markings in the figure are: 1-stage transport tunnel, 2-chute, 3-ventilation connection tunnel, 4-out of the mine and up the mountain, 5-pedestrian ventilation up the mountain, 6-upper stage chute, 7-electric rake chamber, 8-bottom pulling tunnel, 9-cutting small well, 10-medium and deep hole, 11-caved ore, 12-electric rake, 13-filling retaining wall, 14-filling pipe, 15-filling body, 16-pillar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this is not a limitation of the present invention. Any changes and improvements made based on the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an application example of the small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method of the present invention is used for mining from gently inclined to inclined thin ore bodies, including the following steps:

[0030] (1) Block division: When there is an ore body with an average thickness of 1.8 m and a dip angle of 25° and the surrounding rock is moderately stable, the stage oblique length is 30 m and the block length is 60 m. The stage is divided into 4 small sections. The small section near the bottom of the block has an oblique length of 9 m, and the remaining small sections have an oblique length of 7 m.

[0031] (2) Mining and cutting: From the stage transportation tunnel 1, a chute 2 and a ventilation tunnel 3 are excavated to reach the ore body. From the chute 2, a 2.5m×2.8m mine exit 4 and a pedestrian ventilation tunnel 5 are excavated into the ore body to connect to the chute 6 of the previous stage. A 2m×2m electric rake chamber 7 is excavated below the chute mouth to connect to the ventilation tunnel 3. At the bottom of the ore block, a 2.5m×2.8m bottom tunnel 8 is excavated between the two mine exits 4. A 2m×2m cutting shaft 9 is arranged at one end of the mining unit;

[0032] (3) Mining: In the mining unit, a medium-depth hole 10 inclined to the bottom lane is drilled, the angle between the direction of the medium-depth hole in the ore layer and the bottom lane is 30°, the minimum hole depth is 1.5m, and the maximum is 13.8m; the cutting well 9 is used as the blasting compensation space, and the horizontal wall type medium-depth hole is continuously dropped. After each cycle of ore body blasting is completed, the ore 11 is transported to the mine out of the mountain 4 by an electric rake, and then transported to the chute 2 by an electric rake 12, and finally transported out through the stage transportation lane 1. After all the ore in the mining unit is transported out, a filling retaining wall 13 is built, and a filling pipe 14 is arranged in the previous stage chute to cement and fill the unit empty area. When the mining unit is filled, 2.8m is reserved as the working space of the previous mining unit. After the filling body 15 solidifies, the previous mining unit is mined;

[0033] (4) Mining of pillars: After the mining of the left ore room is completed, a shallow hole with a depth of 1.8m is drilled parallel to the mine uphill 5, and the pillars 16 that are no longer used are blasted from top to bottom. After the recovery of the pillars is completed, the empty areas of the pillars are cemented and filled.

[0034] Example 1 adopts a small-segment horizontal wall medium-deep hole drop-and-fill mining method, with a block production capacity of 295t / d and an ore recovery rate of 97.5%. Compared with the traditional gently inclined to inclined thin ore body mining method, the block production capacity has been improved to a certain extent, and the ore recovery rate is also higher.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] Another application example of the small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore-dropping and filling mining method of the present invention is used for mining a gently inclined to inclined thin ore body, comprising the following steps:

[0037] (1) Block division: When the ore body has an average thickness of 2.2 m, a dip angle of 35° and the surrounding rock is moderately stable, the stage oblique length is 40 m, the block length is 70 m, and the stage is divided into 5 small sections. The small section near the bottom of the block has an oblique length of 10 m, and the remaining small sections have an oblique length of 7.5 m.

[0038] (2) Mining and cutting: The dimensions of the connecting road, mine exit and mountain climbing, pedestrian ventilation mountain climbing, electric rake chamber, ore chute, segmented rock drilling tunnel, and cutting small well are the same as those in Example 1;

[0039] (3) Mining: In the mining unit, a medium-depth hole 10 inclined to the bottom tunnel is drilled. The angle between the direction of the medium-depth hole in the ore layer and the bottom tunnel is 40°. The minimum hole depth is 1.5m and the maximum is 11.5m. The cutting well 9 is used as the blasting compensation space, and the ore is continuously dropped in the horizontal wall. After each cycle of ore body blasting is completed, the ore 11 is transported to the mine outlet 4 by an electric rake, and then transported to the chute 2 by an electric rake 12, and finally transported out through the stage transportation tunnel 1. After all the ore in the mining unit is transported out, a filling retaining wall 13 is built, and a filling pipe 14 is arranged in the chute of the previous stage to cement and fill the unit empty area. When the mining unit is filled, 2.8m is reserved as the working space of the previous mining unit. After the filling body 15 solidifies, the previous mining unit is mined.

[0040] (4) Mining of pillars: After the mining of the left ore room is completed, a shallow-hole rock drill is used to drill parallel blastholes with a depth of 1.8 m and perpendicular to the mine uphill 5. The pillars 16 that are no longer used are blasted from top to bottom. After the recovery of the pillars is completed, the empty areas of the pillars are cemented and filled.

[0041] Example 2 adopts a small-segment horizontal wall medium-deep hole drop-and-fill mining method, with a block production capacity of 310t / d and an ore recovery rate of 98%. Compared with the traditional gently inclined to inclined thin ore body mining method, the block production capacity has been greatly improved and the ore recovery rate is also higher.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] Another application example of the small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore-dropping and filling mining method of the present invention is used for mining a gently inclined to inclined thin ore body, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) Ore block division: When the ore body has an average thickness of 3m, a dip angle of 45° and the surrounding rock is moderately stable, the stage oblique length is 50m, the block length is 80m, and the stage is divided into 5 small sections, each with an oblique length of 10m;

[0045] (2) Mining and cutting: The dimensions of the connecting road, mine exit and mountain climbing, pedestrian ventilation mountain climbing, electric rake chamber, ore chute, segmented rock drilling tunnel, and cutting small well are the same as those in Example 1;

[0046] (3) Mining: In the mining unit, a medium-depth hole 10 inclined to the bottom tunnel is drilled. The angle between the direction of the medium-depth hole in the ore layer and the bottom tunnel is 45°. The minimum hole depth is 1.5m and the maximum is 14.14m. The cutting well 9 is used as the blasting compensation space, and the ore is continuously dropped in the horizontal wall. After each cycle of ore body blasting is completed, the ore 11 is transported to the mine exit 4 by an electric rake, and then transported to the chute 2 by an electric rake 12, and finally transported out through the stage transportation tunnel 1. After all the ore in the mining unit is transported out, a filling retaining wall 13 is built, and a filling pipe 14 is arranged in the chute of the previous stage to cement and fill the unit void. When the mining unit is filled, 2.8m is reserved as the working space of the previous mining unit. After the filling body 15 solidifies, the previous mining unit is mined.

[0047] (4) Mining of pillars: After the mining of the left ore room is completed, a shallow hole with a depth of 1.8 m and parallel to the mine uphill 5 is drilled with a shallow hole drill, and the unused pillars 16 are blasted from top to bottom. After the recovery of the pillars is completed, the empty areas of the pillars are cemented and filled.

[0048] Example 3 adopts a small-segment horizontal wall medium-deep hole drop-and-fill mining method, with a block production capacity of 350t / d and an ore recovery rate of 99%. Compared with the traditional gently inclined to inclined thin ore body mining method, the block production capacity has been greatly improved and the ore recovery rate is also higher.

Claims

1. A small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method, characterized in that: Applicable to mining of gently inclined to inclined thin ore bodies, including the following steps: (1) Block division: The ore body is divided into stages along the inclination direction, and the blocks are divided along the strike in the stages. Pillars, wide mine rooms and small sections along the strike are arranged in the blocks. The small sections divide the mine rooms into several mining units. (2) Mining and cutting: From the stage transportation tunnel, dig the chute and ventilation tunnel to reach the ore body, and dig the mine exit and pedestrian ventilation tunnel from the chute to the inside of the ore body, which are connected with the electric rake chamber and chute of the previous stage. Dig the electric rake chamber below the chute mouth and connect the ventilation tunnel. At the bottom of the ore block, dig the bottom tunnel between the two mine exits and the mountain, and arrange a small cutting shaft at one end of the mining unit; (3) Mining: In the mining unit, a medium-depth hole inclined to the bottom lane is drilled, and the small well and the bottom lane are cut as blasting compensation space. The ore is continuously dropped in a horizontal wall. After each cycle of ore body blasting is completed, the dropped ore is transported to the chute by the ore discharge equipment. After all the ore in the mining unit is transported out, a filling retaining wall is built, the unit empty area is cemented and filled, and a certain height is reserved as the rock drilling space of the previous mining unit. After the filling body in the unit empty area solidifies, the previous mining unit is mined; (4) Pillar recovery: After all the mining units in a single mining room have been filled and solidified, a shallow hole parallel to the mine exit or pedestrian ventilation path is drilled with a shallow hole drill, and the pillars that are no longer used are recovered by blasting from top to bottom. After the recovery of the pillars is completed, the empty areas of the pillars are cemented and filled.

2. The small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gently inclined to inclined thin ore body described in step (1) refers to an ore body with an inclination angle of 25° to 45° and a thickness of less than 3m. The stage of the ore body division has an oblique length of 30 to 50m along the inclination direction, and the length of the ore block is 60 to 80m. The stage is divided into 4 to 5 small sections, and the oblique length of the small section along the inclination direction is 5 to 10m.

3. The small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specifications of the stage transport tunnel, mine exit and mountain, pedestrian ventilation tunnel, bottom tunnel and electric rake chamber in step (2) are all 2.5m×2.8m, and the specifications of the ventilation tunnel, cutting well and chute are all 2m×2m.

4. The upward small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle between the medium-depth hole in the ore layer and the bottom tunnel described in step (3) is 30° to 45°, the hole depth is 1.5 to 14.1 m, and the bottom of the hole can be reinforced with explosives so that the collapsed ore can fall into the bottom tunnel as much as possible.

5. The upward small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reserved certain height in step (3) is 2.8m.

6. The upward small-segment transverse wall type medium-deep hole ore filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle between the parallel shallow holes in step (4) and the mine exit and pedestrian ventilation paths is 90°, and the hole depth is 1.8 m.

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