Proppant migration experimental device and experimental method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and provides a proppant migration experiment device and method, the proppant migration experiment device comprises a flat plate experiment assembly, the flat plate experiment assembly comprises a flat plate frame, a tortuous surface module is detachably connected in the flat plate frame, and a flow channel piece is arranged between the tortuous surface module and the flat plate frame; the runner piece is used for enabling a propping agent to flow through the tortuous surface module through the flat plate frame; the fluid injection assembly comprises an injection pump, the injection pump injects a proppant to one side of the tortuosity module through the flat plate frame, and a circulation assembly is arranged between the other side of the tortuosity module and the liquid inlet end of the injection pump; the observation assembly comprises a camera arranged on one side of the tortuosity module, and the camera is used for shooting the migration process of the propping agent in the tortuosity module. According to the invention, the complex real crack form can be accurately simulated, different crack samples can be conveniently and flexibly replaced, and the experiment efficiency and the data accuracy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and in particular relates to a proppant migration experimental device and an experimental method. Background Art

[0002] During the hydraulic fracturing process of oil and gas fields, proppants are injected into rock cracks to support the cracks and keep them open, thereby providing efficient seepage channels for oil and gas. Understanding the migration of proppants in cracks is crucial for optimizing fracturing design and improving oil and gas recovery.

[0003] At present, most traditional proppant migration simulation experimental devices use simplified fracture models, such as parallel plate models or artificial fractures with regular geometric shapes. These models are difficult to truly reflect the complex and changeable natural fracture morphology underground. Natural fractures are usually tortuous, irregular and multi-scale. The experimental results obtained using conventional models deviate greatly from the actual situation and cannot accurately guide on-site construction. In addition, some existing devices have poor flexibility in simulating different fracture morphologies. If the research object needs to be changed, it is often necessary to carry out large-scale transformation of the entire device, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and has high experimental costs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a proppant migration experimental device and an experimental method to solve the above problems, achieve accurate simulation of complex real fracture morphology, and facilitate flexible replacement of different fracture samples, thereby improving experimental efficiency and data accuracy.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme: a proppant migration experimental device, comprising:

[0006] A flat plate experimental assembly comprises a flat plate frame, a tortuous surface module is detachably connected to the flat plate frame, a flow channel is arranged between the tortuous surface module and the flat plate frame, and the flow channel is used to allow the proppant to flow through the tortuous surface module through the flat plate frame;

[0007] A fluid injection assembly, comprising an injection pump, wherein the injection pump injects proppant into one side of the tortuous surface module through the flat plate frame, and a circulation assembly is provided between the other side of the tortuous surface module and the liquid inlet end of the injection pump;

[0008] An observation assembly, comprising a camera disposed on one side of the tortuous surface module, the camera being used to photograph the migration process of the proppant in the tortuous surface module;

[0009] The flat plate frame includes a U-shaped frame, and the flow channel component includes a plurality of simulated perforations vertically opened on one side wall of the U-shaped frame and a liquid outlet opened on the other side wall of the U-shaped frame. The simulated perforations and the liquid outlet are respectively connected to both sides of the tortuous surface module.

[0010] Preferably, the tortuous surface module is prepared by the following steps: obtaining a natural fracture core, and obtaining a digital surface model of the core by scanning;

[0011] Produce tortuous surface samples of required proportions according to the digital model;

[0012] A visualization cover plate is fixedly connected to the crack side of the tortuous surface sample, and a metal slot plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the visualization cover plate and the tortuous surface sample to form a tortuous surface module.

[0013] Preferably, two opposite side walls of the U-shaped frame are respectively provided with card slots, and two ends of the card slots are respectively flush with the two ends of the side walls of the U-shaped frame, and the bottoms of the two groups of the card slots are respectively fixedly connected with sealing rings, and the sealing rings are used to perform a sealing effect between the side walls of the curved surface module and the card slots, and the bottom of the U-shaped frame is provided with a fixing part for fixing the curved surface module.

[0014] Preferably, the simulated perforations and the liquid outlet are respectively located on the inner sides of the two sealing rings, and a plurality of the simulated perforations are connected to the liquid outlet end of the injection pump through a liquid collecting cavity.

[0015] Preferably, the liquid inlet end of the injection pump is connected to a sand mixing tank through an injection pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the circulation component comprises a grit chamber, the bottom of the grit chamber is connected to the sand mixing tank via a reflux pipe, a liquid pump is connected to the reflux pipe, and the liquid outlet is connected to the top opening of the grit chamber via a liquid outlet pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the injection pipe is connected to a pressure and flow monitor, and the liquid outlet pipe is connected to an outlet flow monitor.

[0018] Preferably, the fixing member includes a plurality of magnets fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped frame, and the plurality of magnets are used for magnetically attracting the metal slot plate.

[0019] Proppant migration experimental method, the experimental steps include:

[0020] S1. Prepare several tortuous surface modules with different crack characteristics;

[0021] S2, installing a tortuous surface module into a flat frame and configuring a certain concentration of proppant;

[0022] S3, using an injection pump to inject proppant into the tortuous surface module to simulate the injection conditions of the proppant during downhole fracturing, and using a camera to shoot the migration process of the proppant on the tortuous surface of the fracture;

[0023] S4, replace the tortuous surface module, repeat steps S2-S3, and carry out multiple groups of comparative experiments;

[0024] S5. The video data captured by the camera is processed using image analysis software to extract the motion trajectory, velocity vector, and deposition position data of the proppant particles.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention manufactures a tortuous surface module based on actual geological samples, accurately restores the complex morphology and physical properties of underground natural fractures, makes the experimental results more in line with actual oil and gas production scenarios, and greatly improves the accuracy of research on proppant migration laws.

[0027] 2. The present invention provides a flat frame that can quickly install and disassemble the tortuous surface module, allowing users to easily replace different crack samples in a short time without the need for complex tools and a lot of disassembly work, thereby significantly improving experimental efficiency, reducing time costs, and facilitating large-scale multi-condition comparison experiments.

[0028] 3. The large flat panel frame combined with a variety of sample preparation processes can cover multi-scale research from micro-fractures to macro-fractures, meeting the needs of proppant migration simulation for different oil and gas reservoir types (such as sandstone, shale, coal rock, carbonate rock, etc.) and different mining stages, and providing a platform for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of proppant behavior.

[0029] 4. Through the supporting observation components, the whole process of proppant migration can be monitored in real time, and the coupling relationship between proppant migration and fluid dynamics and fracture characteristics can be quantitatively analyzed, providing a reliable basis for engineering optimization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 is a side view of the tortuous surface module of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the experimental device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the flat panel frame of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 A top view of the flat panel frame and the camera of the present invention;

[0035] Among them, 1. Flat frame; 2. Injection pump; 3. Camera; 101. U-shaped frame; 102. Card slot; 103. Sealing ring; 104. Simulated perforation; 105. Magnet; 106. Liquid outlet; 107. Liquid collecting cavity; 4. Tortuous surface sample; 5. Visual cover; 6. Metal card slot plate; 7. Injection pipe; 8. Liquid outlet pipe; 9. Grit chamber; 10. Sand mixing tank; 11. Liquid pump; 12. Reflux pipe; 13. Pressure and flow monitoring meter; 14. Outlet flow monitoring meter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Embodiment 1:

[0039] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a tortuous surface module, the manufacturing steps comprising:

[0040] Obtain natural fracture cores and obtain digital surface models of the cores by scanning;

[0041] Prepare a tortuous surface sample 4 of a required scale according to the digital model;

[0042] A visualization cover plate 5 is fixedly connected to the crack side of the tortuous surface sample 4, and a metal slot plate 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the visualization cover plate 5 and the tortuous surface sample 4 to form a tortuous surface module.

[0043] Specifically, based on the geological characteristics of the target oil and gas field, representative natural fracture cores are selected, and advanced CT scanning or laser scanning technology is used to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate data of the fracture surface and generate a point cloud model.

[0044] The point cloud model is then preprocessed to remove noise points and repair holes. The processed point cloud is converted into a triangular mesh surface model using reverse engineering software. The surface model is then scaled and optimized according to the size requirements required for actual use to obtain a digital model that can be used to make physical samples.

[0045] Through 3D printing, silicone mold remolding combined with precision casting and other processes, the digital model is transformed into a solid tortuous surface sample with real crack surface morphology characteristics4.

[0046] With further optimization, the scanning accuracy of CT scanning or laser scanning is within 0.05 mm.

[0047] To further optimize the solution, the visualization cover 5 uses high-strength visualization materials, such as high-strength special tempered glass, PC board, etc.

[0048] To further optimize the solution, after the tortuous surface sample 4 is produced, it is necessary to conduct a physical property test to ensure that its permeability and porosity parameters are close to those of the actual rock.

[0049] To further optimize the plan, the material of the tortuous surface module is selected according to the simulated rock type. For example, simulated sandstone can be made of a mixture of concrete, gravel and quartz sand, and simulated shale can be made by splicing ceramic materials with real shale, etc. The permeability and porosity of the module are similar to those of the actual rock.

[0050] Embodiment 2:

[0051] like Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also provides a proppant migration experimental device, comprising:

[0052] A flat plate experimental assembly comprises a flat plate frame 1, a tortuous surface module is detachably connected to the flat plate frame 1, a flow channel is arranged between the tortuous surface module and the flat plate frame 1, and the flow channel is used to allow the proppant to flow through the tortuous surface module through the flat plate frame 1;

[0053] A fluid injection assembly, including an injection pump 2, the injection pump 2 injects proppant into one side of the tortuous surface module through a flat frame 1, and a circulation assembly is provided between the other side of the tortuous surface module and the liquid inlet end of the injection pump 2;

[0054] The observation component includes a camera 3 arranged on one side of the tortuous surface module, and the camera 3 is used to shoot the migration process of the proppant in the tortuous surface module.

[0055] The main function of the flat frame 1 is to facilitate the operator to quickly install and disassemble the tortuous surface module, and to ensure that the fluid injection assembly can inject the proppant into the tortuous surface module through the flow channel; the main function of the circulation assembly is to allow the proppant to circulate back into the injection pump 2 for recycling and reduce the consumption of experimental materials; the main function of the camera 3 is to shoot the migration process of the proppant on the tortuous surface of the fracture at a high frame rate, capture the key information such as the movement trajectory of the particles and the deposition morphology, and provide intuitive materials for subsequent data analysis. On the whole, the proppant migration experimental device of the present invention can quickly install and disassemble the flat frame of the tortuous surface module, allowing the user to easily replace different fracture samples in a short time, which is convenient for carrying out large-scale multi-condition comparison experiments, and can meet the needs of proppant migration simulation for different oil and gas reservoir types and different production stages, and through the matching observation components, it can realize real-time monitoring of the entire process of proppant migration.

[0056] According to a further optimization scheme, the camera 3 is a high-speed camera, the frame rate of the camera 3 is not less than 200fps, and the field of view covers the crack area of ​​the tortuous surface module.

[0057] According to the further optimization scheme, the flow rate adjustment range of the injection pump 2 is 0-4m³ / h, and the upper limit of the pressure is not less than 10MPa.

[0058] A further optimized solution is provided, wherein the flat plate frame 1 comprises a U-shaped frame 101, and slots 102 are respectively provided on two opposite side walls of the U-shaped frame 101, and two ends of the slots 102 are respectively flush with two ends of the side walls of the U-shaped frame 101, and sealing rings 103 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottoms of the two groups of slots 102, and the sealing rings 103 are used to seal between the side walls of the tortuous surface module and the slots 102, and the flow channel parts are arranged on two opposite side walls of the U-shaped frame 101, and a fixing part for fixing the tortuous surface module is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped frame 101.

[0059] A further optimized solution is that the flow channel component includes a plurality of simulated perforations 104 vertically opened on one side wall of the U-shaped frame 101 and a liquid outlet 106 opened on the other side wall of the U-shaped frame 101, the simulated perforations 104 and the liquid outlet 106 are respectively located on the inner sides of the two sealing rings 103, the simulated perforations 104 and the liquid outlet 106 are respectively connected to the two sides of the tortuous surface module, and the plurality of simulated perforations 104 are connected to the liquid outlet end of the injection pump 2 through a liquid collecting cavity 107.

[0060] According to a further optimized solution, the fixing member includes a plurality of magnets 105 fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped frame 101 , and the plurality of magnets 105 are used for magnetically attracting the metal card slot plate 6 .

[0061] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the operator presses the tortuous surface module down along the slots 102 on both sides of the U-shaped frame 101 so that the tortuous surface module is inserted between the two slots 102. When the metal slot plate 6 at the bottom of the tortuous surface module contacts with a plurality of magnets 105, the magnetic attraction of the magnets 105 can be used to fix the tortuous surface module between the two slots 102. At the same time, the two sides of the tortuous surface module are fitted with two sealing rings 103 to avoid leakage of the proppant during the experiment.

[0062] The proppant enters the liquid collecting cavity 107 under the pumping action of the injection pump 2, and is injected into the tortuous surface module through a plurality of simulated perforations 104, so that the proppant can migrate along the cracks on the surface of the tortuous surface sample.

[0063] According to a further optimized solution, the liquid inlet end of the injection pump 2 is connected to a sand mixing tank 10 via an injection pipe 7 .

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the main function of the sand mixing tank 10 is to produce a proppant with a certain concentration.

[0065] To further optimize the solution, the circulation component includes a grit chamber 9, the bottom of which is connected to a sand mixing tank 10 via a return pipe 12, a liquid pump 11 is connected to the return pipe 12, and a liquid outlet 106 is connected to a top opening of the grit chamber 9 via a liquid outlet pipe 8.

[0066] To further optimize the solution, the injection pipe 7 is connected to a pressure and flow rate monitoring meter 13 , and the liquid outlet pipe 8 is connected to an outlet flow rate monitoring meter 14 .

[0067] The main functions of the pressure and flow monitor 13 and the outlet flow monitor 14 are to measure the fluid pressure and flow in real time. Combined with the data from the camera 3, the intrinsic relationship between proppant migration and fluid dynamics parameters can be deeply studied.

[0068] Embodiment three:

[0069] Proppant migration experimental method, the experimental steps include:

[0070] S1. Prepare several tortuous surface modules with different crack characteristics;

[0071] S2, installing a tortuous surface module into the flat frame 1, and configuring a certain concentration of proppant;

[0072] A tortuous surface module is installed in the flat frame 1, and clean water is first injected into the tortuous surface module at a low flow rate through the injection pump 2 to test the sealing of the entire device to observe whether there are any leaks. If there are any problems, they are promptly checked and repaired. At the same time, a certain concentration of proppant can be configured in the sand mixing tank 10.

[0073] S3, using the injection pump 2 to inject the proppant into the tortuous surface module to simulate the injection condition of the proppant during the downhole fracturing process, and using the camera 3 to shoot the migration process of the proppant on the tortuous surface of the fracture;

[0074] The injection pump 2 is turned on to inject the sand-carrying fluid into the flat device at the set flow rate and pressure to simulate the injection condition of the proppant during downhole fracturing. The migration process of the proppant on the tortuous surface of the fracture is filmed in real time by the camera 3, and the fluid pressure and flow rate change data are recorded by the pressure and flow rate monitoring meter 13 and the outlet flow rate monitoring meter 14. The experiment lasts for a certain period of time until the predetermined injection amount is reached or a stable proppant deposition state is observed.

[0075] S4, replace the tortuous surface module, repeat steps S2-S3, and carry out multiple groups of comparative experiments;

[0076] After a set of experiments is completed, the fluid injection is stopped, the used tortuous surface module is disassembled, and the impurities remaining in the card slot 102 and the U-shaped frame 101 are cleaned.

[0077] The tortuous surface module samples were replaced with new ones with different fracture characteristics (such as fracture width, tortuosity, and roughness changes), and multiple groups of comparative experiments were carried out to study the influence of different fracture morphologies on the migration law of proppant.

[0078] S5. The video data captured by the camera 3 is processed using image analysis software to extract the motion trajectory, velocity vector, and deposition position data of the proppant particles.

[0079] The video data captured by the camera 3 is processed by using image analysis software to extract the motion trajectory, velocity vector, deposition position and other data of the proppant particles. Combined with the measured values ​​of the fluid dynamics parameters, a mathematical model of proppant migration is established.

[0080] By comparing multiple groups of experimental data, the migration efficiency and deposition distribution law of proppants under different fracture tortuosity samples are analyzed to provide an optimization design basis for the actual hydraulic fracturing projects in oil and gas fields, such as determining the best proppant injection scheme and fracture parameter adjustment strategy.

[0081] To further optimize the plan, during the experiment, fluorescent tracer particles can be added to the proppant according to research needs, and a fluorescent microscope can be used to assist in observing the migration details of the proppant in microscopic cracks.

[0082] Embodiment 4:

[0083] A specific experimental scheme is as follows:

[0084] In the hydraulic fracturing study of a sandstone oil and gas reservoir, five fractured core samples with different fracture characteristics were first selected from different areas of the target oil and gas field. The core fractures were scanned with a scanning accuracy of 0.05 mm using high-precision laser scanning equipment to obtain detailed three-dimensional surface data. After data processing and model construction, a set of corresponding tortuous surface modules with dimensions of 4 meters × 4.5 meters × 0.2 meters (length × width × thickness) were produced using photo-curing 3D printing technology, gravel, quartz filling, etc. The permeability of the module material was tested to be about 50-150md, which is consistent with the actual permeability range of the sandstone oil and gas reservoir.

[0085] The module is installed in the slot 102 of the U-shaped frame 101 (size 4.06m×4.53m×0.26m). The injection pump 2 uses a high-precision plunger pump with a flow adjustment range of 0-600mL / min and a pressure upper limit of 15MPa. A total of three cameras 3 are arranged on the side and top of the flat device, with a frame rate set to 300fps, and the field of view covers the entire crack area.

[0086] A quartz sand-carrying fluid (i.e., proppant) with a concentration of 12% was prepared, wherein the quartz sand particle size was 70 / 140 mesh, and the injection pump 2 was turned on to inject the proppant at a flow rate of 30 mL / min and a pressure of 8 MPa. The experiment lasted for 45 minutes. During this period, the camera 3 recorded the proppant migration process, and the pressure and flow monitor 13 and the outlet flow monitor 14 collected data in real time. After the experiment, different tortuous surface modules were replaced, and the experiment was repeated 3 times, and a total of 4 sets of experimental data under different fracture conditions were obtained.

[0087] The collected data was processed, and the trajectory of the proppant particles was tracked using professional image analysis software. Combined with the fluid parameters, the proppant deposition rate, main deposition area, and the influence on the fluid permeability under different fracture shapes in the sandstone oil and gas reservoir were analyzed, providing targeted optimization suggestions for on-site fracturing construction, such as reasonably adjusting the proppant injection rate according to the fracture tortuosity, and optimizing the proppant concentration according to the fracture width.

[0088] Embodiment five:

[0089] A specific experimental scheme is as follows:

[0090] For the study of complex natural fractures in shale gas extraction, shale cores were selected and micro-CT scanning technology was used with a scanning resolution of 5 microns to obtain fracture microstructure information. After building a high-precision 3D model, a fracture tortuosity surface module was made using a precision casting process using ceramic materials with similar properties to shale. The module size is 4m×1m×0.2m, and the permeability is controlled in the range of 0.001-0.1md to simulate the low permeability characteristics of shale.

[0091] The tortuous surface module is installed on the U-shaped frame 101 (size 4.05m×1.1m×0.24m). The injection pump 2 uses a screw pump to meet the low flow and high pressure precision control requirements. The flow range is 0-150mL / min and the pressure can reach 20MPa. In addition to the camera 3, the observation system adds fluorescent tracer particles and a fluorescent microscope to observe the subtle migration and adhesion of the proppant in the microscopic cracks.

[0092] The experiment used a relatively low concentration (6%) of ceramsite proppant-carrying fluid (ceramsite particle size 30 / 50 mesh), injected at a flow rate of 150mL / min and a pressure of 16MPa. During the experiment, multiple observation methods were used for simultaneous monitoring, and the experiment lasted for 70 minutes. The experiment was repeated by replacing different microstructure fracture modules many times, and the migration mechanism of proppant in nano-micron-scale fractures in shale gas production was deeply studied, providing key data support for the optimization of shale gas fracturing process, such as screening the proppant type and particle size suitable for shale fractures, and determining the reasonable injection pressure and time interval of fracturing fluid.

[0093] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0094] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A proppant migration experimental device, characterized in that: include: A flat plate experimental assembly comprises a flat plate frame (1), a tortuous surface module being detachably connected to the flat plate frame (1), a flow channel component being arranged between the tortuous surface module and the flat plate frame (1), the flow channel component being used to allow a proppant to flow through the tortuous surface module via the flat plate frame (1); A fluid injection assembly, comprising an injection pump (2), wherein the injection pump (2) injects proppant into one side of the tortuous surface module through the flat plate frame (1), and a circulation assembly is provided between the other side of the tortuous surface module and the liquid inlet end of the injection pump (2); An observation component, comprising a camera (3) arranged on one side of the tortuous surface module, the camera (3) being used to photograph the migration process of the proppant in the tortuous surface module; The flat plate frame (1) comprises a U-shaped frame (101), and the flow channel component comprises a plurality of simulated perforations (104) vertically arranged on one side wall of the U-shaped frame (101) and a liquid outlet (106) arranged on the other side wall of the U-shaped frame (101), wherein the simulated perforations (104) and the liquid outlet (106) are respectively connected to two sides of the tortuous surface module.

2. The proppant migration experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tortuous surface module is prepared by the following steps: Obtain natural fracture cores and obtain digital surface models of the cores by scanning; Produce a tortuosity surface sample of the required scale according to the digital model (4); A visualization cover plate (5) is fixedly connected to the crack side of the tortuous surface sample (4), and a metal slot plate (6) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the visualization cover plate (5) and the tortuous surface sample (4), thereby forming a tortuous surface module.

3. The proppant migration experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The U-shaped frame (101) has two opposite side walls provided with card slots (102), the two ends of the card slots (102) being flush with the two ends of the side walls of the U-shaped frame (101), the bottoms of the two groups of card slots (102) being fixedly connected with sealing rings (103), the sealing rings (103) being used to perform a sealing function between the side walls of the curved surface module and the card slots (102), and the bottom of the U-shaped frame (101) being provided with fixing parts for fixing the curved surface module.

4. The proppant migration experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The simulated perforations (104) and the liquid outlets (106) are respectively located inside the two sealing rings (103), and a plurality of the simulated perforations (104) are connected to the liquid outlet end of the injection pump (2) via a liquid collecting cavity (107).

5. The proppant migration experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid inlet end of the injection pump (2) is connected to a sand mixing tank (10) via an injection pipe (7).

6. The proppant migration experimental device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The circulation component comprises a grit chamber (9), the bottom of the grit chamber (9) being connected to the sand mixing tank (10) via a return pipe (12), the return pipe (12) being connected to a liquid pump (11), and the liquid outlet (106) being connected to a top opening of the grit chamber (9) via a liquid outlet pipe (8).

7. The proppant migration experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The injection pipe (7) is connected to a pressure and flow rate monitor (13), and the liquid outlet pipe (8) is connected to an outlet flow rate monitor (14).

8. The proppant migration experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing member comprises a plurality of magnets (105) fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped frame (101), and the plurality of magnets (105) are used to magnetically attract the metal slot plate (6).

9. A proppant migration experimental method, based on the proppant migration experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental steps include: S1. Prepare several tortuous surface modules with different crack characteristics; S2, installing a tortuous surface module into the flat frame (1), and configuring a proppant with a certain concentration; S3, using an injection pump (2) to inject proppant into the tortuous surface module to simulate the injection conditions of the proppant during downhole fracturing, and simultaneously using a camera (3) to photograph the migration process of the proppant on the tortuous surface of the fracture; S4, replace the tortuous surface module, repeat steps S2-S3, and carry out multiple groups of comparative experiments; S5. The video data captured by the camera (3) is processed using image analysis software to extract the motion trajectory, velocity vector, and deposition position data of the proppant particles.

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