Intelligent generation method for technological procedures of slender shaft parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a slender shaft part technological procedure intelligent generation method. The method comprises the following steps that a two-dimensional model database, an operation interface, a technological database and technological rules are constructed; the two-dimensional model database comprises a plurality of editable feature modules of different types, the feature modules are dragged to designated positions to be combined to form a to-be-processed product, and the required feature module can be selected to be inserted into the combined product, or a certain feature module in the combined product is removed or replaced; after a cutting tool is selected, parameters associated with the cutting tool are directly called out for selection, data are screened according to the product size and machining requirements obtained through combination in a two-dimensional model database, and therefore the parameters are automatically selected and determined, and all feature modules are machined in sequence according to the diameter size. The system is constructed in a modularization mode, the relation among the cutting tool, the feature module and the process rule is directly constructed, selection of the machining process is rapidly improved, and the system is more intelligent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of process manufacturing of slender shaft parts, in particular to an intelligent generation method of process regulations for slender shaft parts. Background Art

[0002] Slender shafts are typical weak-rigidity shafts. The definition of a slender shaft is that the length and diameter of the shaft meet the condition of L / D>25, which is called a slender shaft. Slender shafts are widely used and are often used in important parts that require very high precision, such as screw rods and transmission shafts. At the same time, the market size of slender shafts exceeds 400 billion, and the demand is huge. However, it is difficult to solve the impact of the weak rigidity of slender shafts during processing in traditional processing technology, so that the product qualification rate and quality are not well guaranteed, resulting in a high scrap rate of products and huge losses. At the same time, when it is used in various high-precision occasions, if the accuracy of the slender shaft cannot be guaranteed, it will have a more adverse effect on the accuracy of the entire mechanism during actuation, greatly reducing the accuracy of the actuation.

[0003] At present, the modeling of slender shaft products is all three-dimensional modeling. The established model does not include product processing information such as processing requirements, and the relationship between each feature and the whole in the three-dimensional modeling is a logical relationship of seeking differences. This will lead to two problems: ① Because there are no processing requirements in the model, the roughness, precision and other information of each feature need to be manually input when selecting subsequent processing parameters and formulating processing routes. The subsequent processing parameters also need to be manually selected by referring to the process manual, which cannot achieve the purpose of intelligence. ② Because the overall relationship in the model is a difference relationship, there may be many coordinate factors to be considered when modifying the product model, which makes the modification inconvenient and time-consuming.

[0004] Currently, there is no good process database that can automatically call out the associated processing parameters. In current lathe processing, the common problems faced in the processing technology of slender shafts are that the workpiece is prone to bending and deformation during the processing of slender shafts, the workpiece is prone to jumping and vibrating during processing, and the force applied to the workpiece during processing is likely to cause the workpiece to "bend" or "bend". This makes the slender shaft more sensitive to process parameters during processing, which greatly affects the product processing quality and efficiency. Traditional processing methods often rely on experience and process manuals to select processing parameters. This method is only applicable to parts with good rigidity, and is not applicable to parts with weak rigidity. It often leads to the inability to predict or eliminate processing problems caused by the sensitivity of process parameters.

[0005] At present, there are softwares for studying machining process methods at home and abroad, such as Kaimu CAPP and Siemens NX. The process procedures generated by their products are widely applicable within the range of strong rigidity workpieces, but the process procedures for weak rigidity workpieces such as slender shafts lack targeted design. As a result, the sensitive parameters obtained in the processing are not accurately controlled, which causes the qualified rate of slender shaft parts to drop sharply. Their products can only design tool paths based on the features after modeling, and the process parameters need to be manually consulted in the process manual to be obtained. Therefore, when using such data for weak rigidity workpieces, the sensitivity of the process parameters cannot be solved to affect the workpiece, resulting in defects in processing quality.

[0006] In addition, there are two main ways to generate slender shaft processing technology: derivative and generative. The derivative method realizes process generation by retrieving and reusing similar parts processes, but it cannot handle special parts. The generative method directly analyzes the processing characteristics of parts and generates the process using methods such as production rules, but it requires manual design, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is difficult to intelligently generate the processing parameters of slender shaft parts. At present, the selection of process data is mostly an exhaustive selection of materials, cutting tools, and processing data. Such conversion into computer selection requires a lot of computing power for retrieval, and it is impossible to generate optimized process parameters and methods. Moreover, for slender shafts, the processing of different areas is often carried out in order from left to right or from right to left, but different areas of the slender shaft will have parts of different diameters. This sequential processing will affect the efficiency and accuracy of cutting. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for intelligently generating a process specification for a slender shaft part comprises the following steps:

[0010] Build 2D model database, operation interface, process database and process rules;

[0011] The two-dimensional model database includes several different types of editable feature modules. According to the processing requirements, different types of feature modules are selected, and the product to be processed is formed by dragging each feature module to a specified position. The required feature module can be selected to be inserted into the combined product, or the corresponding feature module in the combined product can be removed or replaced;

[0012] The process database includes cutting tool data and various process data. The cutting tool data includes several cutting tools of different types. The connection between several cutting tools and feature modules in the two-dimensional model library and the connection between several cutting tools and various process data are constructed to complete the connection between the process database and the two-dimensional model library. After selecting the cutting tool, the processing parameters associated with the cutting tool are directly called out for selection. The data is screened according to the size and processing requirements of the product combined in the two-dimensional model database, so as to automatically select and determine the parameters.

[0013] Process rules: Establish processing rules for each feature module. A single feature module determines the number of passes and the amount of passes of the cutting tool according to the selected processing parameters. The processing range is determined by the range of the feature module in the operation interface. If the product contains multiple different feature modules, during rough processing, define the feature module with the largest diameter among all feature modules as the first initial processing module. After the first initial processing module is processed, use the first initial processing module as a reference to check which side of the first initial processing module the feature module with the largest diameter among the remaining feature modules is located. First, complete the processing of all feature modules on the side where the feature module with the largest diameter among the remaining feature modules is located, and then process all feature modules on the other side.

[0014] When processing the feature module on the same side of the first initial feature module, define the feature module with the largest diameter among all the feature modules on the same side as the second initial processing module. After the second initial processing module is processed, use the second initial processing module as a reference to check which side of the second initial feature module the feature module with the largest diameter among the remaining feature modules is located. Then, after all the feature modules on the same side of the second initial feature module are processed, process the feature module on the other side of the second initial feature module, and repeat this cycle until all the feature modules are rough-processed.

[0015] When processing each feature module, the corresponding feature module is processed on the same side by starting from the current position of the cutting tool in the set direction. Several feature modules are crossed in one tool pass, or one tool pass happens to be the feature module to be processed.

[0016] As a further improvement, the operation interface includes a drawing editing area, a process package selection area and a finished product assembly display area, wherein the drawing editing area includes different feature base selection areas, and the feature module is arranged in the feature base selection area; the feature base selection area is provided with accuracy grade, material, and tolerance data information associated with the feature module, and after selection, the data information of this type is automatically called out from the respective databases, and the data information is stored in the corresponding feature module.

[0017] As a further improvement, when constructing the two-dimensional model database, it includes:

[0018] Geometric graphics database: first preset an editable 2D graphics database with various features, dimension information and processing requirements, drag the features matching the current slender shaft parts from the 2D model information library and drop them to the specified position, modify the values ​​of each feature, combine different features to form the product to be processed, and obtain the geometric shape of the current slender shaft parts through the feature information;

[0019] The material database contains the yield strength, tensile strength, expansion ratio, cross-sectional shrinkage, general hardness and hardness after different processing for several materials;

[0020] A processing parameter database, including a tolerance database storing a tolerance grade value table, a precision grade database storing a precision grade value table, and a roughness database storing a roughness value table;

[0021] After obtaining the current slender shaft parts to be processed, first select the geometric figure, and then define the material, size, accuracy level, and tolerance of the figure to form a complete geometric model.

[0022] As a further improvement, the process database includes:

[0023] Cutting tool database, including cutting tool materials and cutting tool geometry;

[0024] The optical axis and conical surface processing technology library includes the diameter, shaft length, shaft material and hardness of the hand shaft. For a shaft with a certain diameter, processed diameter, shaft length, material, hardness, roughness, precision, etc., the tool path, cutting speed, feed rate and processing allowance for roughing and finishing can be formulated according to its requirements;

[0025] Thread processing technology library, which stores different types of thread information;

[0026] Chamfering process library, storing the processing paths corresponding to different chamfers;

[0027] Library of undercut machining processes.

[0028] As a further improvement, four selection areas are set in the operation interface, namely: a feature type selection area, a tool selection area, a processing material selection area, and a cutting amount display area.

[0029] The process rules include cutting tool processing rules, which connect a number of cutting tools and feature modules; specifically, they include optical axis and taper processing rules, thread processing rules, chamfer processing rules, back groove processing, and processing rules for processing a number of features;

[0030] The optical axis and cone surface processing rules include roughing, semi-finishing and finishing. According to the processing amount of the processed product, the roughing allowance, semi-finishing allowance, finishing allowance and tool path are set respectively, and the processing is carried out in the order of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing.

[0031] When machining a tapered surface, start from the small end of the product.

[0032] As a further improvement, the optical axis and cone surface processing rules include cone surface processing:

[0033] Before machining the taper, the optical axis is first fine-machined to the large end diameter of the taper surface, and then the taper is determined to be positive or negative. If it is a positive taper, a positive cutting tool is used for machining, and if it is a negative taper, a negative cutting tool is used for machining;

[0034] Set the cutting amount for taper rough machining, taper semi-finishing, and taper finishing, and set the tool path. The taper tool path is machined upward from the small end to the large end according to the taper ratio.

[0035] As a further improvement, the thread processing rules include:

[0036] According to the thread profile and angle, select the corresponding thread cutting tool;

[0037] It includes lateral feed processing and longitudinal feed processing. The lateral feed processing is controlled by gradually reducing the lateral feed from the first cut to the last cut; the longitudinal feed processing is divided into thread roughing and thread finishing. The thread roughing uses a series to distribute the cutting amount of each cut. The thread roughing uses a series to distribute the cutting amount of each cut.

[0038] As a further improvement, the chamfering processing rule adopts a chamfering cutting tool to process the corresponding chamfer according to the size and type of the chamfer; the back-cutting groove processing rule selects the corresponding cutting tool width and feed rate according to the diameter of the back-cutting groove to process to the required depth, and the back-cutting processing is performed after the optical axis processing.

[0039] As a further improvement, the processing rules for processing a plurality of features include:

[0040] All cutting tools used in optical axis processing, taper processing, thread processing, undercut processing, and chamfering processing are marked in order, with the peeled blank as the rough reference and the maximum outer diameter of the finishing processing as the fine reference;

[0041] Compare the various diameter size data in the acquired graphics of the slender shaft parts to find the maximum value. First, use the external cylindrical rough cutting tool to rough-process the blank to the position of the maximum diameter. After rough-processing to the maximum diameter, compare the diameter size data again to find the second maximum value. If the feature of the second maximum value is on the left side of the maximum value feature, first process the left part of the maximum value to the diameter size of the second maximum value. If it is on the right side, perform the above-mentioned rough processing on the right part. According to this cycle, compare the remaining sizes and perform rough processing until the rough processing operation of the minimum diameter is completed, thus completing the rough processing of the slender shaft parts.

[0042] Finally, the chamfers of the workpieces are processed uniformly. The chamfers are divided into left chamfers and right chamfers, and different cutting tools are required to be used respectively. The left chamfer is processed first, and then the right chamfer.

[0043] As a further improvement, respective processing areas are set for the marked cutting tools, and after processing each area, the cutting tool is radially retracted to a safe position before processing the next area.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0045] During the modeling process, you only need to drag the features to the specified position in order and coordinates, and the system will automatically sum the features to form the product model. If the processing information of the dragged features does not conform to the requirements, you only need to modify the values, and the complete product model can be established.

[0046] The method of associating the material, cutting tool and processing data of the workpiece is adopted. When building the process library, the data is first classified by features, and the data in the corresponding features are directly screened when filtering the data, which greatly reduces the search scope. In the process library, the cutting tool information has been associated with the material information. After selecting the material and feature information, there will be a set of cutting tool data corresponding to the material information, and the processing parameters are associated with the cutting tool information. After selecting the cutting tool, there will be a set of processing data automatically corresponding to the cutting tool. In this way, when filtering, you only need to select the corresponding data in the material library according to the characteristics and material information of the workpiece, and you will automatically get the cutting tool data and processing data associated with it. Compared with the traditional method, the advantage of this method is that it can reduce the complexity of the algorithm by optimizing the data from filtering multiple times to filtering a certain type of values, and no exhaustive search of the data is required, which saves a lot of computing time.

[0047] When processing a single feature, the system can automatically call the number of passes and the amount of passes for processing the feature according to the selected data. For multiple features, the diameter size data in the abstracted two-dimensional graphics is compared, the maximum value is found, and then the heights on the left and right are determined. Rough processing, feature processing, fine processing, and chamfering are performed in order from the largest to the smallest diameter. This method can achieve intelligent processing while ensuring the rationality of the processing technology, achieving the purpose of intelligent workpiece processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the front and back processing of each cutting tool of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an operation interface in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the processing sequence in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like are involved, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] A method for intelligently generating a process specification for a slender shaft part comprises the following steps:

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, a two-dimensional model database, an operation interface, a process database and process rules are constructed;

[0057] The two-dimensional model database includes several different types of editable feature modules. According to the processing requirements, different types of feature modules are selected, and the product to be processed is formed by dragging each feature module to a specified position. The required feature module can be selected to be inserted into the combined product, or the corresponding feature module in the combined product can be removed or replaced;

[0058] The process database includes cutting tool data and various process data. The cutting tool data includes several cutting tools of different types. The connection between several cutting tools and feature modules in the two-dimensional model library and the connection between several cutting tools and various process data are constructed to complete the connection between the process database and the two-dimensional model library. After selecting the cutting tool, the processing parameters associated with the cutting tool are directly called out for selection. The data is screened according to the size and processing requirements of the product combined in the two-dimensional model database, so as to automatically select and determine the parameters.

[0059] Process rules: Establish processing rules for each feature module. A single feature module determines the number of passes and the amount of passes of the cutting tool according to the selected processing parameters. The processing range is determined by the range of the feature module in the operation interface. If the product contains multiple different feature modules, during rough processing, define the feature module with the largest diameter among all feature modules as the first initial processing module. After the first initial processing module is processed, use the first initial processing module as a reference to check which side of the first initial processing module the feature module with the largest diameter among the remaining feature modules is located. First, complete the processing of all feature modules on the side where the feature module with the largest diameter among the remaining feature modules is located, and then process all feature modules on the other side.

[0060] When processing the feature modules on the same side of the first initial feature module, define the feature module with the largest diameter among all the feature modules on the same side as the second initial processing module. After the second initial processing module is processed, use the second initial processing module as a reference to check on which side of the second initial feature module the feature module with the largest diameter among the remaining feature modules is located. Then, after all the feature modules on the same side of the second initial feature module are processed, process the feature modules on the other side of the second initial feature module, and repeat this cycle until all the feature modules are rough-processed.

[0061] When processing each feature module, the corresponding feature module is processed on the same side by starting from the current position of the cutting tool in the set direction. Several feature modules are crossed in one tool pass, or one tool pass happens to be the feature module to be processed.

[0062] For a more specific definition of processing direction, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the product to be processed is set to be composed of 10 feature modules in total. Among these 10 feature modules, the feature module with the largest diameter is defined as feature module 1. During rough processing, this feature module 1 is the first module to be processed, and this is a fixed processing module. Taking feature module 1 as the reference datum, the feature modules on the right and left are numbered in sequence, such as feature module 2, feature module 3, feature module 4, feature module 5, feature module 6 and feature module 7 on the right side of feature module 1; feature module 8, feature module 9 and feature module 10 on the left side of feature module 1. Among these 10 feature modules, in descending order of diameter, they are: feature module 1, feature module 3, feature module 5, feature module 9, feature module 6, feature module 10, feature module 2, feature module 8, feature module 7, feature module 4.

[0063] by Figure 4Take the rough processing sequence as an example: first process feature module 1. Since the second largest diameter feature module 3 is on the right side of feature module 1, after processing feature module 1, it is necessary to first process feature modules 2-7 on the right side, and then turn to the left side to process feature modules 8-10. On the right side of feature module 1, first process feature module 3 of the second largest diameter, and then determine the diameter size of each unprocessed feature module on both sides of feature module 3. Feature module 5 of the third largest diameter is located on the right side of feature module 3. Therefore, for the third processing of feature module 5, it is necessary to first process feature modules 4-7 on the right side of feature module 3, and then process feature module 2 on the left side of feature module 3. After feature module 5 is processed, it is determined again to check the diameter size of the unprocessed feature modules on both sides of feature module 5. At this time, it should be noted that the two sides of feature module 5 are divided by feature module 3. The diameter of feature module 6 on the right side of feature module 5 is larger, so feature module 6 is processed after feature module 5 is processed. There is no feature module on the left side of feature module 6, so feature module 7 on the right side of feature module 6 is processed, and finally feature module 2 on the left side of feature module 3 is processed. As can be seen from the above, once it is determined which side is the priority for processing, this side must be fully processed before processing other sides, even if there is a feature module with a smaller diameter on this side. Figure 4 It is shown that the diameter of feature module 2 is larger than feature module 4 and feature module 7. However, since feature modules 4, 7 and 5 are all located on the right side of feature module 3, and feature module 2 is located on the left side of feature module 3, all feature modules on the right side of feature module 3 must be processed first before feature module 2 on the left side of feature module 3 can be processed. After all the processing on the right side of feature module 1 is completed, the processing on the left side of feature module 1 can be performed. According to this rule, the processing of all feature modules is completed.

[0064] The above is the definition of the processing sequence of each module and the selection of the cutting tool's direction. It should be noted that the processing of each feature module above does not refer to the processing of the feature module alone, but to the processing of the corresponding feature module by one pass in the set direction. The direction of the cutting tool can be defined as from left to right, or from right to left. In this embodiment, the direction is defined as from left to right.

[0065] refer to Figure 4As shown, assuming that the processing starts from feature module 10 at the beginning, for feature module 1, the cutting tool starts from feature module 10 and moves from left to right, and moves once until it reaches feature module 7 on the right end. At this time, the rough processing of feature module 1 is completed. Then the tool is retracted to the position of feature module 1. According to the definition rules, the processing of each module on the right side of feature module 1 is completed first. First, feature module 3 needs to be processed. The cutting tool starts from feature module 1 and moves to the right, moves to the position of feature module 7 on the right, completes the rough processing of feature module 3, and then retracts to the position of feature module 3. Then, feature module 5 is processed. The cutting tool moves from feature module 3 to the right, moves to feature module 7 on the right, completes the rough processing of feature module 5, and retracts to the position of feature module 5. Then, the cutting tool moves from feature module 5 to the right, moves to feature module 7 on the right, completes the rough processing of feature module 5, and retracts to the position of feature module 5. Then, the cutting tool moves from feature module 5 to the right, moves to feature module 7, completes the processing of feature module 6, and then retracts to the position of feature module 6. Then, the cutting tool moves from feature module 6 to the right again, and completes the processing of feature module 7. At this time, the right side of feature module 3 is completely processed, and the cutting tool retracts to feature module 1, and then continues to move from left to right to feature module 3 to complete the processing of feature module 2. Then the cutting tool retracts to the leftmost side, that is, the left side of feature module 1, and the cutting tool also moves from left to right. The processing of feature module 9 with the largest diameter is completed first, followed by feature module 10, and finally feature module 8. Each processing is a pass in the set direction.

[0066] For finishing, it is done after roughing is completed, cutting from one side in one go and moving to the other to complete the machining.

[0067] refer to Figure 3 As shown, the operation interface includes a drawing editing area, a process package selection area and a finished product assembly display area, wherein the drawing editing area includes different feature base selection areas, and the feature module is arranged in the feature base selection area; the feature base selection area is provided with accuracy grade, material, and tolerance data information associated with the feature module, and after selection, the data information of this type is automatically called out from the respective databases, and the data information is stored in the corresponding feature module.

[0068] Since multiple feature modules are preset in the 2D model database, each feature module has a different type, and multiple modules can be selected to form different products by dragging them directly, which reduces the difficulty of operation, improves efficiency, and is more intelligent. For example, they can be combined into a light axis, a stepped axis, or multiple steps.

[0069] When building a 2D model database, include:

[0070] Geometric graphics database, first preset a database of editable two-dimensional graphics with various features, dimension information and processing requirements, drag the features matching the current slender shaft parts from the two-dimensional model information library and drop them to the specified position, modify the values ​​of each feature, combine different features to form the product to be processed, and obtain the geometric shape of the current slender shaft parts through the feature information. When combining features, you can insert them in the front, back or middle to complete the combination. To make model building faster and more convenient, we can pre-set different process packages, such as: slender shaft process package, stepped shaft process package, etc. Under different process packages, there is a commonly used part drawing of this type. If the preset drawing is inconsistent with the part, you can directly insert or delete it on the drawing. When inserting, you only need to select the feature type to be inserted first, then select the location to be inserted, and edit the feature data after insertion to complete the modification. The establishment of process packages and features can make it easier and faster for operators to select the parts to be processed and build their models, and also achieve a certain degree of intelligent drawing generation. Compared with three-dimensional modeling of parts, it is easier and faster, and the requirements for operators can also be reduced.

[0071] The material database contains the yield strength, tensile strength, expansion ratio, cross-sectional shrinkage, general hardness and hardness after different processing corresponding to several materials. After selecting the geometry and the material used, you can retrieve all kinds of values ​​in the data at the same time. These data can be used as a reference for the subsequent selection of cutting tools and processing methods. The processing parameter database includes a tolerance database that stores tolerance grade value tables, a precision grade database that stores precision grade value tables, and a roughness database that stores roughness value tables;

[0072] After obtaining the current slender shaft parts to be processed, first select the geometric figure, then define the material, size, accuracy level, and tolerance of the figure to form a complete geometric model. A complete geometric model data includes: 1. Database of basic geometric figures. 2. Database of information on various materials. 3. Tolerance database. 4. Accuracy level database. 5. Roughness database. 6. An operating interface for editing and combining the above databases. The operating steps are carried out according to the drawing steps of the engineering drawing, that is, first select the geometric figure, then define the material, size, accuracy level, and tolerance of the figure to form a complete geometric model.

[0073] The process database includes:

[0074] The cutting tool database includes the material of the cutting tool and the geometric dimensions of the cutting tool. When designing the cutting tool database, in order to facilitate the connection between the cutting tool and the feature, the method of establishing a cutting tool library under the feature type is adopted, and the commonly used cutting tools for processing the feature are listed under a specified feature. For the specific cutting tool used, first according to the processing requirements in the two-dimensional model of the feature, generally the lower the roughness value, the smaller the selected rake angle will be. According to the workpiece stiffness to determine the main deflection angle and other rules to select the specific parameters of the cutting tool, so according to the above principles to establish some cutting tool selection conditions to establish the connection between the cutting tool and the feature.

[0075] In the overall cutting tool library, a classification is made according to the major features, and then a branch classification is made for roughing and finishing. The cutting tool material, geometric angle, etc. are marked to complete the establishment of the cutting tool database. In addition, some remarks can be appropriately added, such as the commonly used processing methods of each cutting tool, for manual reference, which can also improve the convenience of the overall selection of cutting tool operations.

[0076] The optical axis and tapered surface processing technology library includes the diameter, shaft length, shaft material and hardness of the hand shaft. For a shaft with a determined diameter, diameter after processing, shaft length, material, hardness, roughness, accuracy, etc., the tool path, cutting speed, feed rate and processing allowance for roughing and finishing can be formulated according to its requirements.

[0077] The thread processing technology library stores different types of thread information.

[0078] The chamfering process library stores the processing paths corresponding to different chamfers. Common chamfers are mainly divided into 30°, 45°, and 60°, but the chamfering processing method and the selected tool do not affect it. The main thing is to control the tool path to control the chamfering angle.

[0079] Undercut machining process library.

[0080] Four selection areas are set in the operation interface, namely: a feature type selection area, a tool selection area, a processing material selection area, and a cutting amount display area.

[0081] The optical axis and taper processing rules include optical axis processing:

[0082] The parameters can be set in advance before processing: ap1 is the machining allowance for external cylindrical finishing, ap2 is the machining allowance for external cylindrical semi-finishing, ap3 is the cutting amount for the first cut, ap4 is the second cut, and so on.

[0083] Then semi-finishing and finishing are carried out to complete the cutting process according to the set cutting amount and cutting direction.

[0084] Feed rate selection: Select the corresponding feed rate according to the workpiece material, surface roughness and tool tip arc radius.

[0085] Selection of turning speed for semi-finishing and finishing turning: According to different cutting tools processing different materials and their hardness, select the ap reference value closest to the reference cutting depth during processing, and select the cutting speed corresponding to the feed reference value f closest to the maximum cutting amount.

[0086] The optical axis and taper processing rules include taper processing:

[0087] Before machining the taper, the optical axis is first fine-machined to the large end diameter of the taper surface, and then the taper is determined to be positive or negative. If it is a positive taper, a positive cutting tool is used for machining, and if it is a negative taper, a negative cutting tool is used for machining;

[0088] Set the cutting amount for taper rough machining, taper semi-finishing, and taper finishing, and set the tool path. The taper tool path is machined upward from the small end to the large end according to the taper ratio.

[0089] Feed rate selection: Select the corresponding feed rate according to the workpiece material, surface roughness and tool tip arc radius.

[0090] The thread processing rules include:

[0091] According to the thread profile and angle, select the corresponding thread cutting tool;

[0092] It includes lateral feed processing and longitudinal feed processing. The lateral feed processing is controlled by gradually reducing the lateral feed from the first cut to the last cut; the longitudinal feed processing is divided into thread roughing and thread finishing. The thread roughing uses a series to distribute the cutting amount of each cut. The thread roughing uses a series to distribute the cutting amount of each cut.

[0093] The chamfering processing rule adopts a chamfering cutting tool to process the corresponding chamfer according to the size and type of the chamfer; the back-cutting groove processing rule selects the corresponding cutting tool width and feed rate according to the diameter of the back-cutting groove to process to the required depth, and the back-cutting processing is performed after the optical axis processing.

[0094] The processing rules for processing a plurality of features include:

[0095] All cutting tools used in optical axis processing, taper processing, thread processing, undercut processing, and chamfering processing are marked in order, with the peeled blank as the rough reference and the maximum outer diameter of the finishing processing as the fine reference;

[0096] Compare the various diameter size data in the acquired graphics of the slender shaft parts to find the maximum value. First, use the external cylindrical rough cutting tool to rough-process the blank to the position of the maximum diameter. After rough-processing to the maximum diameter, compare the diameter size data again to find the second maximum value. If the feature of the second maximum value is on the left side of the maximum value feature, first process the left part of the maximum value to the diameter size of the second maximum value. If it is on the right side, perform the above-mentioned rough processing on the right part. According to this cycle, compare the remaining sizes and perform rough processing until the rough processing operation of the minimum diameter is completed, thus completing the rough processing of the slender shaft parts.

[0097] After the rough machining is completed, the corresponding cutting tools are used to complete the finishing of each feature according to the diameter size compared during the rough machining;

[0098] Finally, the chamfers of the workpieces are processed uniformly. The chamfers are divided into left chamfers and right chamfers, and different cutting tools are required to be used respectively. The left chamfer is processed first, and then the right chamfer.

[0099] It should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. However, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Build 2D model database, operation interface, process database and process rules; The two-dimensional model database includes several different types of editable feature modules. According to the processing requirements, different types of feature modules are selected, and the product to be processed is formed by dragging each feature module to a specified position. The required feature module can be selected to be inserted into the combined product, or the corresponding feature module in the combined product can be removed or replaced; The process database includes cutting tool data and various process data. The cutting tool data includes several cutting tools of different types. The connection between several cutting tools and feature modules in the two-dimensional model library and the connection between several cutting tools and various process data are constructed to complete the connection between the process database and the two-dimensional model library. After selecting the cutting tool, the processing parameters associated with the cutting tool are directly called out for selection. The data is screened according to the size and processing requirements of the product combined in the two-dimensional model database, so as to automatically select and determine the parameters. Process rules: Establish processing rules for each feature module. A single feature module determines the number of passes and the amount of passes of the cutting tool according to the selected processing parameters. The processing range is determined by the range of the feature module in the operation interface. If the product contains multiple different feature modules, during rough processing, define the feature module with the largest diameter among all feature modules as the first initial processing module. After the first initial processing module is processed, use the first initial processing module as a reference to check which side of the first initial processing module the feature module with the largest diameter among the remaining feature modules is located. First, complete the processing of all feature modules on the side where the feature module with the largest diameter among the remaining feature modules is located, and then process all feature modules on the other side. When processing the feature module on the same side of the first initial feature module, define the feature module with the largest diameter among all the feature modules on the same side as the second initial processing module. After the second initial processing module is processed, use the second initial processing module as a reference to check which side of the second initial feature module the feature module with the largest diameter among the remaining feature modules is located. Then, after all the feature modules on the same side of the second initial feature module are processed, process the feature module on the other side of the second initial feature module, and repeat this cycle until all the feature modules are rough-processed. When processing each feature module, the cutting tool starts from the current position of the cutting tool in the set direction and completes the processing of the corresponding feature module on the same side. Several feature modules are crossed in one tool pass, or one tool pass is just one feature module to be processed. After each feature module is processed, the tool is retracted to the position of the currently completed feature module.

2. The method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The operation interface includes a drawing editing area, a process package selection area and a finished product assembly display area, wherein the drawing editing area includes different feature base selection areas, and the feature module is arranged in the feature base selection area; the feature base selection area is provided with accuracy grade, material, and tolerance data information associated with the feature module, and after selection, the data information of this type is automatically called out from the respective databases, and the data information is stored in the corresponding feature module.

3. The method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When constructing a 2D model database, there are many different types of process packages, including slender shaft process packages and stepped shaft process packages. If the preset drawing to be processed is different from the product shape in the selected process package, select the feature module at the corresponding position to insert or delete it to make the preset drawing consistent with the selected process package. Geometric graphics database: first preset an editable 2D graphics database with various features, dimension information and processing requirements, drag the feature module matching the current slender shaft parts from the 2D model information library and drop it to the specified position, modify the value of each feature, combine different features to form the product to be processed, and obtain the geometric shape of the current slender shaft parts through the feature information; The material database contains the yield strength, tensile strength, expansion ratio, cross-sectional shrinkage, general hardness and hardness after different processing for several materials; A processing parameter database, including a tolerance database storing a tolerance grade value table, a precision grade database storing a precision grade value table, and a roughness database storing a roughness value table; After obtaining the current slender shaft parts to be processed, first select the geometry and material, and the corresponding material parameters and shape parameters are displayed simultaneously for reference.

4. The method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The process database includes: Cutting tool database, including cutting tool materials and cutting tool geometry; The optical axis and conical surface processing technology library includes the diameter, shaft length, shaft material and hardness of the hand shaft. For a shaft with a certain diameter, processed diameter, shaft length, material, hardness, roughness, precision, etc., the tool path, cutting speed, feed rate and processing allowance for roughing and finishing can be formulated according to its requirements; Thread processing technology library, which stores different types of thread information; Chamfering process library, storing the processing paths corresponding to different chamfers; Undercut processing technology library; After the cutting tool is selected, the various process data corresponding to the cutting tool are retrieved, and by selecting and confirming, the cutting tool is processed in sequence according to the selected processing sequence.

5. The method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The process rules include cutting tool processing rules, which connect a number of cutting tools and feature modules; specifically, they include optical axis and taper processing rules, thread processing rules, chamfer processing rules, back groove processing, and processing rules for processing a number of features; The optical axis and cone surface processing rules include roughing, semi-finishing and finishing. According to the processing amount of the processed product, the roughing allowance, semi-finishing allowance, finishing allowance and tool path are set respectively, and the processing is carried out in the order of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing. When machining a tapered surface, start from the small end of the product.

6. The method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The thread processing rules include: According to the thread profile and angle, select the corresponding thread cutting tool; It includes transverse feed processing and longitudinal feed processing. The transverse feed processing is controlled in a way that the transverse feed is gradually reduced from the first cut to the last cut; the longitudinal feed processing is divided into thread roughing and thread finishing.

7. The method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The chamfering processing rule adopts a chamfering cutting tool to process the corresponding chamfer according to the size and type of the chamfer; the back-cutting groove processing rule selects the corresponding cutting tool width and feed rate according to the diameter of the back-cutting groove to process to the required depth, and the back-cutting processing is performed after the optical axis processing.

8. The method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The processing rules for processing a plurality of features include: All cutting tools used in optical axis processing, taper processing, thread processing, undercut processing, and chamfering processing are marked in order, with the peeled blank as the rough reference and the maximum outer diameter of the finishing processing as the fine reference; Compare the various diameter size data in the acquired graphics of the slender shaft parts to find the maximum value. First, use the external cylindrical rough cutting tool to rough-process the blank to the position of the maximum diameter. After rough-processing to the maximum diameter, compare the diameter size data again to find the second maximum value. If the feature of the second maximum value is on the left side of the maximum value feature, first process the left part of the maximum value to the diameter size of the second maximum value. If it is on the right side, perform the above-mentioned rough processing on the right part. According to this cycle, compare the remaining sizes and perform rough processing until the rough processing operation of the minimum diameter is completed, thus completing the rough processing of the slender shaft parts. Finally, the chamfers of the workpieces are processed uniformly. The chamfers are divided into left chamfers and right chamfers, and different cutting tools are required to be used respectively. The left chamfer is processed first, and then the right chamfer.

9. The method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: After rough machining is completed, finishing is completed in one pass from one side of the product to be processed to the other side.

10. The method for intelligently generating process specifications for slender shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the operation interface, after selecting the feature module, a confirmation window and a preview window pop up.

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