Supercritical water reactor flow distribution method, device and equipment based on memory metal

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear energy, and particularly discloses a supercritical water reactor flow distribution method, device and equipment based on memory metal, and the method specifically comprises the steps: determining a target flow at an outlet of a supercritical water reactor based on an actual working condition; a target section of a memory metal pipeline is determined based on the target flow, and the memory metal pipeline is arranged at an outlet of the supercritical water reactor; determining a temperature adjustment amount based on the target section; and changing the temperature at the memory metal pipeline based on the temperature adjusting quantity so as to adjust the section of the memory metal pipeline and adjust the flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor. Thus, automatic adjustment and optimization of a fluid channel in a complex system can be achieved by controlling the temperature, the heat efficiency and the system stability are improved, and the requirement for distribution of fluid flow in a reactor under various accident working conditions is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of nuclear energy technology, and in particular to a supercritical water reactor flow distribution method, device and equipment based on memory metal. Background Art

[0002] Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR) is one of the fourth generation nuclear reactor technologies, with the potential for high thermal efficiency and simplified system design. Its working principle is to operate water as a coolant and working fluid at supercritical pressure, avoiding the phase transition between liquid and gas in traditional nuclear reactors. The appeal of SCWR technology lies in its high thermal efficiency of more than 45% and relatively simplified system structure, which makes it an important candidate for future clean energy technology. At present, the main research focuses on high temperature resistant materials, fuel design, and feasibility and safety verification of the system. The current technical background includes material stability, corrosion resistance, and optimization of thermodynamic and fluid dynamic properties in high temperature and high pressure environments to ensure the safety and economy of the reactor. The research and development of advanced materials and control technologies are crucial to its development.

[0003] Memory metals have two major properties. One is the shape memory property. When a memory metal is deformed at low temperatures, it will automatically return to its previous shape if heated to a certain temperature. This phenomenon is caused by the change in the crystal structure of the alloy at different temperatures. The temperature at which the memory metal deforms is called the phase transition temperature or the martensite-austenite transition temperature. This temperature range varies depending on the composition and specific design of the alloy. When a certain transition temperature is reached, the crystal structure of the metal changes from the martensite phase to the austenite phase, restoring it to its original shape. The second is that it has superelasticity. Within a certain temperature range, the memory metal can undergo a large elastic deformation even when subjected to a large stress. When the stress is removed, the metal can automatically return to its original shape. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a supercritical water reactor flow distribution method, device and equipment based on memory metal to improve the efficiency of the current supercritical water reactor flow distribution.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal, comprising:

[0007] Determine the target flow rate at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor based on actual operating conditions;

[0008] Determine a target cross-section of the memory metal pipe based on the target flow rate, wherein the memory metal pipe is arranged at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor;

[0009] determining a temperature adjustment amount based on the target cross section;

[0010] Based on the temperature adjustment amount, the temperature at the memory metal pipe is changed to adjust the cross section of the memory metal pipe, so as to adjust the flow rate at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor.

[0011] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the actual operating condition includes an accident operating condition.

[0012] Further, in some embodiments of the present application, determining a target cross-section of the memory metal pipe based on the target flow rate includes:

[0013] The target cross section is determined by the following formula:

[0014]

[0015] Wherein, Q is the target flow rate, A is the target cross section, ρ is the density of the fluid in the memory metal pipe, and ΔP is the pressure difference of the fluid passing through the memory metal pipe.

[0016] Further, in some embodiments of the present application, determining the temperature adjustment amount based on the target cross section includes:

[0017] Determining the strain of the memory metal pipe based on the target cross-section and the current cross-section of the memory metal pipe;

[0018] The temperature adjustment amount is determined based on the strain amount.

[0019] Further, in some embodiments of the present application, determining the temperature adjustment amount based on the strain amount includes:

[0020] Based on the strain amount, a target stress for causing the memory metal pipe to deform corresponding to the strain amount is determined by presetting a shape memory effect equation; wherein the shape memory effect equation is used to characterize the relationship between the stress and strain of the memory metal material of the memory metal pipe;

[0021] The temperature adjustment amount is determined based on the target stress and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

[0022] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the material of the memory metal pipe is nickel-titanium alloy.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application provides a supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal, comprising:

[0024] A first determination module is used to determine a target flow rate at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor based on actual operating conditions;

[0025] A second determination module is used to determine a target cross-section of a memory metal pipe based on the target flow rate, wherein the memory metal pipe is arranged at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor;

[0026] A third determination module, configured to determine a temperature adjustment amount based on the target cross section;

[0027] A control module is used to change the temperature at the memory metal pipe based on the temperature adjustment amount, so as to adjust the cross-section of the memory metal pipe and adjust the flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor.

[0028] In a third aspect, the present application provides a supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal, including a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is connected to the memory:

[0029] Wherein, the processor is used to call and execute the program stored in the memory;

[0030] The memory is used to store the program, and the program is at least used to execute the above-mentioned supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal.

[0031] The present invention relates to the field of nuclear energy technology, and specifically discloses a supercritical water reactor flow distribution method, device and equipment based on memory metal, the method specifically comprising: determining the target flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor based on actual working conditions; determining the target cross-section of the memory metal pipeline based on the target flow, wherein the memory metal pipeline is arranged at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor; determining the temperature adjustment amount based on the target cross-section; changing the temperature at the memory metal pipeline based on the temperature adjustment amount to adjust the cross-section of the memory metal pipeline to adjust the flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor. In this way, the automatic adjustment and optimization of the fluid channel in the complex system can be realized by controlling the temperature, the thermal efficiency and system stability can be improved, and the requirements for the distribution of the fluid flow in the reactor under various accident conditions can be met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1It is a flow chart of a supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 , this embodiment may include the following steps:

[0038] S101. Determine the target flow rate at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor based on actual operating conditions.

[0039] Specifically, in the present application, the above working conditions may include accident working conditions, such as when an accident occurs, such as blockage or damage of the main steam pipe, the fluid flow needs to be increased to ensure sufficient cooling and steam output, and the flow needs to be increased at this time. It should be noted that in the present application, when determining the target flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor, an accurate flow value may be determined, or only a range may be determined.

[0040] S102. Determine a target cross-section of the memory metal pipe based on the target flow rate.

[0041] Among them, the memory metal pipe is arranged at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor.

[0042] Specifically, in the present application, the material of the memory metal pipe can be nickel-titanium alloy (Ni-Ti, Nitinol), whose martensitic phase transition temperature is usually between -50°C and +100°C, and the temperature at which the nickel-titanium alloy completely recovers from the martensite phase to the austenite phase is generally between +20°C and +80°C, depending on the alloy ratio and processing technology. The alloy ratio and processing technology can be designed according to actual working conditions.

[0043] S103. Determine a temperature adjustment amount based on the target cross section.

[0044] S104. Based on the temperature adjustment amount, change the temperature at the memory metal pipe.

[0045] By adjusting the temperature at the memory metal pipe, the cross section of the memory metal pipe is adjusted, and then the flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor is adjusted.

[0046] The present invention provides a supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal, which first determines the target flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor based on the actual working conditions; then determines the target cross-section of the memory metal pipe based on the target flow, wherein the memory metal pipe is arranged at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor; then determines the temperature adjustment amount based on the target cross-section; finally, based on the temperature adjustment amount, changes the temperature at the memory metal pipe to adjust the cross-section of the memory metal pipe, so as to adjust the flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor. In this way, the automatic adjustment and optimization of the fluid channel in the complex system can be realized by controlling the temperature, the thermal efficiency and system stability can be improved, and the requirements for the distribution of the fluid flow in the reactor under various accident conditions can be met.

[0047] Further, in the present application, the target cross-section of the memory metal pipe can be determined based on the target flow rate by the flow formula, namely, the Bernoulli equation, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] Wherein, Q is the target flow rate, A is the target cross section, ρ is the density of the fluid in the memory metal pipe, and ΔP is the pressure difference of the fluid passing through the memory metal pipe. In this way, after determining the target flow rate based on the actual working conditions, the target cross section of the memory metal pipe can be obtained.

[0050] It should be noted that the relationship between the cross-sectional change of the memory metal pipe and its strain can be determined through experimental measurement and statistics, so as to determine the strain amount based on the target cross-sectional area and the current actual cross-sectional area.

[0051] On this basis, the temperature adjustment amount can be determined based on the strain amount through the shape memory effect equation and Clausius-Clapeyron of the material of the preset memory metal pipe.

[0052] Specifically, first, the target stress that causes the memory metal pipe to deform corresponding to the strain is determined by the strain. In the shape memory effect equation, the stress-strain-temperature relationship for shape memory alloys such as nickel-titanium-hafnium alloys mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be expressed in the following form:

[0053] σ=E(T)ε+H(T)

[0054] Where: σ is the stress of the material, E(T) is the temperature-dependent elastic modulus of the material (which can be obtained through actual or experimental measurement statistics), ε is the strain, and H(T) is the hardening function that changes with temperature (which can be obtained through actual or experimental measurement statistics) (It should be noted that the temperature in this formula refers to the temperature at which the memory metal undergoes a phase change, which is a fixed temperature range. For example, if we choose nickel-titanium alloy, T here is the temperature range at which the nickel-titanium alloy undergoes a phase change. That is to say, in this relationship, the specific value of the temperature depends on the memory metal material used and its phase change temperature).

[0055] In this way, the target stress for causing the memory metal pipe to deform corresponding to the strain amount can be determined based on the determined strain amount through the above formula.

[0056] On this basis, based on the target stress, the temperature adjustment amount is determined by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. In practical applications, the Clausius-Clapeyron equation describes the relationship between the phase change temperature and stress (the stress caused by temperature change in capital application), which is often used for stress-induced phase change of shape memory alloys. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] In this formula, σ is stress, T is temperature, ΔS is the entropy change during the phase change (which can be obtained by actual or experimental measurement statistics), and Δε is the strain difference (which can be obtained by actual or experimental measurement statistics). This formula expresses the phase change relationship between the martensite phase and the austenite phase of the alloy when the temperature and stress change Clausius-Clapeyron. Among them, when the temperature rises, the austenite phase is stable and the material exhibits high elasticity; when the temperature decreases, the martensite phase becomes stable and the material may deform.

[0059] Substitute the target stress corresponding to the strain into the above formula to obtain the temperature that causes the stress, that is, the temperature adjustment amount.

[0060] On this basis, based on the temperature adjustment amount obtained above, the temperature of the memory metal pipe is adjusted to achieve flow control.

[0061] In addition, in this application, the martensitic transformation temperature formula can also be used to design and select metal materials to help design and adjust the reaction of the alloy at a specific temperature. For nickel-titanium alloy, the martensitic transformation temperature M s It has the following relationship with the applied stress σ:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, M s (0) is the martensite start temperature in the stress-free state.

[0064] In practical application, the stress-temperature change relationship of the memory metal under high temperature conditions can be calculated by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, so as to determine and optimize the fluid flow regulation mechanism by analyzing the influence of temperature on the alloy phase change. At the same time, the shape memory effect equation is used to calculate the stress-strain relationship of the alloy under temperature change to ensure that the change of the flow channel size can be realized when the temperature is changed. And through the flow formula (i.e., the Bernoulli equation), the flow change of the fluid through the adjusted outlet is analyzed and predicted to ensure stable flow distribution, improve the heat transfer and cooling efficiency of the reactor, and cope with the flow of the fluid required under various working conditions. When the flow needs to be changed, the flow distribution control is realized by the above-mentioned supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal. In this way, in a supercritical water reactor, through the supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal provided by the present application, under different working conditions or accident conditions, the demand for fluid flow in the reactor selects memory metal and uses its shape memory characteristics to control the flow, which can ensure the safety of the reactor and improve the thermal efficiency and stability of the reactor, as well as the flow of the fluid required under various working conditions.

[0065] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal, which is used to implement the above method embodiment. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0066] The first determination module 21 is used to determine the target flow rate at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor based on the actual operating conditions.

[0067] The second determination module 22 is used to determine the target cross-section of the memory metal pipe based on the target flow rate, wherein the memory metal pipe is arranged at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor.

[0068] A third determination module 23, used to determine a temperature adjustment amount based on a target cross section;

[0069] The control module 24 is used to change the temperature at the memory metal pipe based on the temperature adjustment amount to adjust the cross-section of the memory metal pipe to adjust the flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor.

[0070] Regarding the device in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0071] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal, which is used to implement the above method embodiment. Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a processor 31 and a memory 32, and the processor 31 is connected to the memory 32. Among them, the processor 31 is used to call and execute the program stored in the memory 32; the memory 32 is used to store the program, and the program is at least used to execute the supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal in the above embodiment.

[0072] The specific implementation scheme of the supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal provided in the embodiment of the present application can refer to the implementation scheme of the supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal in any of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0073] It can be understood that the same or similar parts of the above embodiments can be referenced to each other, and the contents not described in detail in some embodiments can refer to the same or similar contents in other embodiments.

[0074] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" refers to at least two.

[0075] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention belong.

[0076] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0077] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0078] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into a processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0079] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0080] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0081] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal, characterized in that: include: Determine the target flow rate at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor based on actual operating conditions; Determine a target cross-section of the memory metal pipe based on the target flow rate, wherein the memory metal pipe is arranged at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor; determining a temperature adjustment amount based on the target cross section; Based on the temperature adjustment amount, the temperature at the memory metal pipe is changed to adjust the cross section of the memory metal pipe, so as to adjust the flow rate at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor.

2. The supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The actual operating conditions include accident conditions.

3. The supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining a target cross-section of the memory metal pipe based on the target flow rate comprises: The target cross section is determined by the following formula: Wherein, Q is the target flow rate, A is the target cross section, ρ is the density of the fluid in the memory metal pipe, and ΔP is the pressure difference of the fluid passing through the memory metal pipe.

4. The supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the temperature adjustment amount based on the target cross section includes: Determining the strain of the memory metal pipe based on the target cross-section and the current cross-section of the memory metal pipe; The temperature adjustment amount is determined based on the strain amount.

5. The supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The determining the temperature adjustment amount based on the strain amount comprises: Based on the strain amount, a target stress for causing the memory metal pipe to deform corresponding to the strain amount is determined by presetting a shape memory effect equation; wherein the shape memory effect equation is used to characterize the relationship between the stress and strain of the memory metal material of the memory metal pipe; The temperature adjustment amount is determined based on the target stress and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

6. The supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the memory metal pipe is nickel-titanium alloy.

7. A supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal, characterized in that: include: A first determination module is used to determine a target flow rate at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor based on actual operating conditions; A second determination module is used to determine a target cross-section of a memory metal pipe based on the target flow rate, wherein the memory metal pipe is arranged at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor; A third determination module, configured to determine a temperature adjustment amount based on the target cross section; A control module is used to change the temperature at the memory metal pipe based on the temperature adjustment amount, so as to adjust the cross-section of the memory metal pipe and adjust the flow at the outlet of the supercritical water reactor.

8. A supercritical water reactor flow distribution device based on memory metal, characterized in that: The invention comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is connected to the memory: Wherein, the processor is used to call and execute the program stored in the memory; The memory is used to store the program, and the program is at least used to execute the supercritical water reactor flow distribution method based on memory metal as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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