A monitoring device for overhead lines

Abstract

The present invention discloses a monitoring device for an overhead line, the monitoring device comprising: a distributed sensor array, a central processing module, a power module and a communication module; the distributed sensor array is connected to the overhead line and the central processing module, the distributed sensor array is used to obtain the current parameter and voltage parameter of the overhead line, and transmit the current parameter and voltage parameter to the central processing module; the central processing module performs fault detection according to the current parameter and voltage parameter; the communication module is connected to the central processing module, the communication module is used to obtain the result of the fault detection of the central processing module, and upload the result of the fault detection of the central processing module to a remote monitoring center; the power module is used to supply power to the distributed sensor array, the central processing module and the communication module. The present invention realizes comprehensive coverage of multiple three-phase four-wire loops, effectively improving the data processing capability and the overall performance of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power distribution, and in particular to a monitoring device for overhead lines. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous growth of electricity demand, the safety and reliability of low-voltage power grid, as an important part of urban power supply, are increasingly valued.

[0003] In low-voltage power grids, overhead lines are the primary means of power transmission, and their operational status directly impacts the stability and security of power supply. However, due to the widespread distribution of overhead lines and the complex environment, traditional monitoring methods often require the installation of independent monitoring equipment at each monitoring point. The lack of standardized communication methods between monitoring devices makes data integration and sharing difficult.

[0004] To solve the above problems, researchers have proposed a low-voltage power grid monitoring solution based on Internet of Things technology. However, the existing Internet of Things monitoring solution still has problems such as incomplete coverage of monitoring points, poor data real-time performance, and insufficient data processing capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an overhead line monitoring device to solve the problems of incomplete monitoring point coverage, poor data real-time performance and insufficient data processing capability in existing Internet of Things monitoring solutions.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an overhead line monitoring device, the monitoring device comprising: a distributed sensor array, a central processing module, a power module, and a communication module;

[0007] The distributed sensor array is connected to the overhead line and the central processing module. The distributed sensor array is used to obtain current parameters and voltage parameters of the overhead line and transmit the current parameters and voltage parameters to the central processing module; the central processing module performs fault detection based on the current parameters and voltage parameters;

[0008] The communication module is connected to the central processing module, and is used to obtain the fault detection results of the central processing module and upload the fault detection results of the central processing module to the remote monitoring center;

[0009] The power module is connected to the distributed sensing array, the central processing module and the communication module, and is used to supply power to the distributed sensing array, the central processing module and the communication module.

[0010] Optionally, the distributed sensing array includes a plurality of Hall current sensors and a plurality of Hall voltage sensors; the Hall current sensors are clamped on the surface of the overhead line by a buckle, and the Hall voltage sensors are clamped on the surface of the overhead line by a buckle;

[0011] The distributed sensing array is connected to the central processing module through a shielded twisted pair cable, and the current parameters and voltage parameters are transmitted to the central processing module using differential signal transmission technology.

[0012] Optionally, the monitoring device further includes a backup power supply;

[0013] The power module draws power from overhead lines and / or backup power sources through non-intrusive power supply technology and supplies power to the distributed sensor array, central processing module, and communication module.

[0014] Optionally, the communication module includes multiple communication protocols; the communication module selects a communication protocol according to external communication conditions to upload the fault detection results of the central processing module to the remote monitoring center.

[0015] Optionally, the communication module is also used to encrypt the fault detection result of the central processing module after obtaining the fault detection result of the central processing module, and then upload the encrypted fault detection result of the central processing module to the remote monitoring center.

[0016] Optionally, the communication module selects a main communication protocol and a backup communication protocol from a plurality of communication protocols according to external communication conditions, and uses the main communication protocol to upload the fault detection results of the central processing module to the remote monitoring center, and when a fault occurs in the main communication protocol, switches to the backup communication protocol to upload the fault detection results of the central processing module to the remote monitoring center.

[0017] Optionally, the central processing module is used to compare the voltage parameters of the overhead line obtained by the distributed sensor array with preset voltage parameters, and when the voltage parameters of the overhead line are less than the preset voltage parameters, determine that a low-voltage power outage fault has occurred in the overhead line.

[0018] Optionally, the central processing module is used to calculate the actual load based on the current parameters, voltage parameters and grid parameters of the overhead line obtained by the distributed sensing array, compare the actual load with the preset overload parameters, and determine that an overload fault has occurred in the overhead line when the actual load is greater than the preset overload parameters; the grid parameters include the structural parameters of each branch of the overhead line.

[0019] Optionally, the central processing module is used to extract features of the voltage parameters and current parameters of the overhead line obtained by the distributed sensing array, and determine that a short circuit fault has occurred in the overhead line when the rate of change of the current parameter is greater than the preset current change rate, the peak value of the current parameter is greater than the rated current, the rate of change of the voltage parameter is greater than the preset voltage change rate and / or the peak value of the voltage parameter is greater than the rated voltage.

[0020] Optionally, the voltage parameters and current parameters of the overhead line acquired by the distributed sensor array include the voltage parameters and current parameters of each branch in the overhead line; the central processing module is also used to compare the change rate of the voltage parameters and current parameters of each branch to determine the branch where the short circuit fault occurs.

[0021] Optionally, the monitoring device further comprises: a protective cabin; a temperature and humidity sensor and an intelligent fan are provided in the protective cabin;

[0022] The distributed sensor array, central processing module, power module and communication module are set in the protective cabin. The temperature and humidity sensors and smart fans are both connected to the central processing module. The central processing module is used to control the smart fan based on the temperature and humidity data in the protective cabin obtained by the temperature and humidity sensors.

[0023] The technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention utilizes a distributed sensor array to achieve comprehensive coverage of multiple three-phase, four-wire circuits. The central processing module, meanwhile, employs a high-performance embedded system and high-speed communication interface to ensure real-time data acquisition and transmission, improving the accuracy and timeliness of overhead line monitoring. The central processing module, through integrated intelligent algorithms, conducts in-depth analysis of the current and voltage signals monitored by the distributed sensor array, enabling rapid and accurate identification of various fault types, such as low-voltage power outages, overloads, and short circuits, thereby enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of fault handling. Furthermore, the use of a high-performance embedded system and large-capacity memory enables rapid processing and storage of massive amounts of data, improving data processing capabilities and overall system performance.

[0024] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an overhead line monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 1 is a schematic structural diagram of another overhead line monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of another overhead line monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0031] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an overhead line monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring device includes: a distributed sensor array 1, a central processing module 2, a power module 4, and a communication module 3. The distributed sensor array 1 is connected to the overhead line and the central processing module 2. The distributed sensor array 1 is used to obtain the current parameters and voltage parameters of the overhead line and transmit the current parameters and voltage parameters to the central processing module 2. The central processing module 2 performs fault detection based on the current parameters and voltage parameters. The communication module 3 is connected to the central processing module 2. The communication module 3 is used to obtain the fault detection results of the central processing module 2 and upload the fault detection results of the central processing module 2 to a remote monitoring center. The power module 4 is connected to the distributed sensor array 1, the central processing module 2, and the communication module 3 to supply power to the distributed sensor array 1, the central processing module 2, and the communication module 3.

[0032] Specifically, the distributed sensing array 1 is connected to an overhead line. The overhead line may include multiple three-phase four-wire loops. The distributed sensing array 1 may include multiple current sensors and multiple voltage sensors. For example, each branch of each three-phase four-wire loop may be equipped with a current sensor and a voltage sensor, and each three-phase four-wire loop may be equipped with four current sensors and four voltage sensors. The distributed sensing array 1 can monitor the current and voltage status of multiple three-phase four-wire loops in real time.

[0033] The central processing module 2 can use an advanced ARM Cortex-M series processor, equipped with high-speed random access memory (RAM) and large-capacity flash memory, and supports multi-channel and high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) input channels. The current parameters and voltage parameters of each three-phase four-wire loop detected by the distributed sensing array 1 can be input into the central processing module 2 through independent ADC channels to ensure the real-time and accuracy of data processing. The central processing module 2 can also be developed based on a real-time operating system (RTOS) to achieve a modular design. The software has embedded intelligent algorithms. For example, the intelligent algorithms may include fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet analysis. They are used for time-frequency domain analysis of current and voltage signals to improve the accuracy of fault identification of overhead lines. The central processing module 2 can detect faults such as low-voltage power outages, overloads, and short circuits on overhead lines based on the voltage and current signals detected by the distributed sensing array 1.

[0034] The communication module 3 is used to obtain the fault detection results of the central processing module 2 and upload the fault detection results of the central processing module 2 to the remote monitoring center. The antenna of the communication module 3 establishes wireless communication with the remote monitoring center and transmits various fault results to the remote monitoring center, so that the staff can quickly obtain the status of the overhead line and make corresponding solutions.

[0035] The remote monitoring center receives data uploaded by the communication module 3 to enable real-time monitoring and control of overhead lines. The received data is further processed and analyzed to extract useful information and trends. This information can be used to guide on-site operations, optimize overhead line performance, or predict potential failures. If data is abnormal or exceeds a preset range, the remote monitoring center triggers an alarm mechanism and takes appropriate measures. For example, the remote monitoring center can send an alarm message to relevant personnel or activate an emergency plan.

[0036] The technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention utilizes a distributed sensor array to achieve comprehensive coverage of multiple three-phase, four-wire circuits. The central processing module, meanwhile, employs a high-performance embedded system and high-speed communication interface to ensure real-time data acquisition and transmission, improving the accuracy and timeliness of overhead line monitoring. The central processing module, through integrated intelligent algorithms, conducts in-depth analysis of the current and voltage signals monitored by the distributed sensor array, enabling rapid and accurate identification of various fault types, such as low-voltage power outages, overloads, and short circuits, thereby enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of fault handling. Furthermore, the use of a high-performance embedded system and large-capacity memory enables rapid processing and storage of massive amounts of data, improving data processing capabilities and overall system performance.

[0037] Optionally, Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of another overhead line monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the distributed sensing array 1 includes multiple Hall-effect current sensors 11 and multiple Hall-effect voltage sensors 12. The Hall-effect current sensors 11 are clamped to the surface of the overhead line using clips, while the Hall-effect voltage sensors 12 are also clamped to the surface of the overhead line using clips. The distributed sensing array 1 is connected to the central processing module 2 via shielded twisted-pair cables, and differential signal transmission technology is used to transmit current and voltage parameters to the central processing module 2.

[0038] Specifically, the distributed sensing array 11 can include built-in high-sensitivity Hall elements. Specifically, the distributed sensing array 1 can include multiple Hall current sensors 11 and multiple Hall voltage sensors 12. For example, each three-phase, four-wire circuit can be equipped with four Hall current sensors 11 and four Hall voltage sensors 12. By integrating Hall elements, wide-range and high-precision current and voltage measurements can be achieved, effectively improving the sampling accuracy of current and voltage signals. Each Hall current sensor 11 and each Hall voltage sensor 12 can be clipped onto the surface of the overhead line using a clip, eliminating the need to damage the line structure and facilitating installation.

[0039] Each Hall current sensor 11 and each Hall voltage sensor 12 is connected to the corresponding ADC input channel of the central processing module 2 via a shielded twisted pair cable to ensure signal transmission stability and anti-interference. At the same time, differential signal transmission technology is used to further reduce noise interference.

[0040] The distributed sensing array 1 converts the detected voltage and current signals into differential signals—two signals with opposite phases and equal amplitudes. The differential signals are transmitted via shielded twisted-pair cables, which are closely spaced and have consistent length and impedance to ensure signal integrity. During transmission, differential signals are highly resistant to external electromagnetic interference, as interference signals affect both transmission lines simultaneously and are canceled out at the receiving end.

[0041] Central processing module 2 receives the differential signal and feeds it into an integrated differential amplifier. This amplifier amplifies only the difference between the two input signals and ignores the potential of the two signals relative to ground. This amplifier produces a clear, amplified differential signal, which can be converted into a digital signal for further processing and analysis.

[0042] Optional, Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of another overhead line monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the monitoring device further includes a backup power supply 5. The power supply module 4 draws power from the overhead line and / or the backup power supply 5 using a non-intrusive power supply technology and supplies power to the distributed sensor array 1, the central processing module 2 and the communication module 3.

[0043] Specifically, power module 4 can integrate non-invasive power extraction technology and intelligent power management algorithms to inductively draw power from overhead lines, thereby safely and efficiently extracting energy. If the overhead lines cannot provide sufficient power for power module 4, power module 4 automatically switches to backup power source 5 for power. For example, backup power source 5 can be a supercapacitor bank, thereby ensuring the continuous operation of the monitoring device.

[0044] The power module 4 can be connected to the central processing module 2 through a built-in DC-DC converter to provide a stable DC voltage for the central processing module 2. The power module 4 can be connected to the overhead line and the backup power supply 5 through a fuse and an air switch to form a safety protection circuit.

[0045] The power module 4 may include a power extraction device. First, a non-invasive power extraction device is installed on the overhead line. The device uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to extract electrical energy from the overhead line. When installing the power extraction device, it is necessary to ensure a safe distance between it and the overhead line to avoid affecting the normal operation of the overhead line. The electrical energy is transmitted to the distributed sensor array 1, the central processing module 2 and the communication module 3 through the transmission line. The power module 4 may also include a filtering unit and a voltage stabilizing unit to perform necessary filtering and voltage stabilization during the power transmission process to ensure the stability and reliability of the power. At the same time, in order to cope with the instability of the power supply, an energy storage device can be set in the monitoring device to store excess electrical energy and release it when needed.

[0046] Power module 4 utilizes an intelligent power management algorithm to implement real-time power monitoring, device control, and power optimization. This intelligent power management algorithm automatically adjusts the operating state and power supply mode of power module 4 based on monitored power parameters to ensure stable operation of distributed sensor array 1, central processing module 2, and communication module 3 with appropriate power supply.

[0047] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 The communication module 3 includes multiple communication protocols. The communication module 3 selects a communication protocol according to external communication conditions to upload the fault detection results of the central processing module 2 to the remote monitoring center.

[0048] Specifically, the communication module 3 can connect to the central processing module 2 via a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) interface or a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) to receive and send data. Furthermore, the communication module 3 has a built-in antenna that establishes a wireless connection with the remote monitoring center. The communication module 3 supports multiple communication protocols, including, for example, the LoRa protocol, the NB-IoT protocol, the 4G protocol, and the 5G protocol.

[0049] Communication module 3 uses built-in sensors or external inputs to sense the communication conditions of the on-site environment in real time. These conditions can include signal strength, network coverage, and bandwidth. Based on these perceived communication conditions, the intelligent algorithm within communication module 3 evaluates the applicability and performance of various communication protocols. For example, in areas with weak signal strength or limited network coverage, communication module 3 selects the low-power, long-distance transmission LoRa or NB-IoT protocols. In areas with strong signal strength and ample bandwidth, communication module 3 selects high-speed communication protocols such as 4G or 5G. After selecting the optimal communication protocol, communication module 3 automatically switches to that protocol for data transmission. This seamless switchover requires no human intervention and does not affect data continuity or integrity. Using the selected optimal communication protocol, communication module 3 uploads data stably and quickly to the remote monitoring center. During the upload process, communication module 3 monitors network status and data transmission quality in real time to ensure data integrity and accuracy. This configuration allows communication module 3 to support multiple communication protocols and intelligently select the optimal communication method based on the on-site environment, ensuring stable and rapid data upload. This ensures efficient and stable data transmission in the complex and ever-changing overhead line environment.

[0050] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 The communication module 3 is also used to encrypt the fault detection result of the central processing module 2 after obtaining the fault detection result of the central processing module 2, and then upload the encrypted fault detection result of the central processing module 2 to the remote monitoring center.

[0051] Specifically, before data transmission, communication module 3 pre-processes the data, which may include compression and encryption. This improves transmission efficiency and security. Data security is a critical issue during data transmission and storage. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention protect the security and privacy of monitoring data by employing data encryption algorithms and secure communication protocols, preventing data leakage and unauthorized access.

[0052] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 The communication module 3 selects a main communication protocol and a backup communication protocol from a plurality of communication protocols according to external communication conditions, and uses the main communication protocol to upload the fault detection result of the central processing module 2 to the remote monitoring center. When a fault occurs in the main communication protocol, the communication module 3 switches to the backup communication protocol to upload the fault detection result of the central processing module 2 to the remote monitoring center.

[0053] Specifically, to improve data transmission reliability, communication module 3 typically employs a redundant backup strategy. For example, communication module 3 selects a primary communication protocol and a backup communication protocol based on external communication conditions. If the primary communication protocol fails, communication module 3 automatically switches to the backup communication protocol for data transmission, ensuring data continuity and integrity.

[0054] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 The central processing module 2 is used to compare the voltage parameters of the overhead line obtained by the distributed sensing array 1 with the preset voltage parameters, and when the voltage parameters of the overhead line are less than the preset voltage parameters, determine that a low-voltage power outage fault occurs in the overhead line.

[0055] Specifically, staff determined the monitoring point locations based on a site survey. They then sequentially installed components such as the distributed sensor array 1, central processing module 2, communication module 3, and power module 4, performing electrical connections and commissioning. After installation, they conducted tests for current sampling accuracy, alarm response, and communication stability to ensure that all functions met design requirements. Furthermore, they conducted long-term operational tests to verify the stability and reliability of the equipment.

[0056] Distributed sensor array 1 acquires the voltage parameters of the three-phase, four-wire circuit in real time and transmits them to central processing module 2. Central processing module 2 compares the voltage parameters with preset voltage parameters, which are pre-set based on actual conditions and used to determine whether a low-voltage power outage has occurred on the overhead line. If the voltage parameters are less than or equal to the preset voltage parameters, central processing module 2 determines that a low-voltage power outage has occurred on the overhead line and uploads the alarm information to the remote control center or the mobile device of the operation and maintenance personnel via communication module 3.

[0057] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1The central processing module 2 is configured to calculate the actual load based on the current and voltage parameters of the overhead line and the grid parameters acquired by the distributed sensor array 1, compare the actual load with a preset overload parameter, and determine that an overhead line overload fault has occurred when the actual load exceeds the preset overload parameter. The grid parameters include the structural parameters of each branch of the overhead line.

[0058] Specifically, the distributed sensor array 1 acquires the current and voltage parameters of the three-phase, four-wire circuit in real time and transmits them to the central processing module 2. The central processing module 2 calculates the actual load based on the voltage and current parameters and the structural parameters of each branch of the three-phase, four-wire circuit. The central processing module 2 compares the actual load with a preset overload parameter, which is a parameter pre-set based on actual conditions and used to determine whether an overhead line overload fault has occurred. If the actual load is greater than or equal to the preset overload parameter, the central processing module 2 determines that an overhead line overload fault has occurred and uploads an alarm message to a remote control center or a mobile device of an operator via the communication module 3. The distributed sensor array 1, central processing module 2, and communication module 3 can all be connected to the power module 4 via an intelligent switch. When the central processing module 2 detects an overhead line overload fault, it can control the intelligent switch to disconnect.

[0059] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 The central processing module 2 is used to extract features of the voltage parameters and current parameters of the overhead line obtained by the distributed sensing array 1, and determine that a short circuit fault occurs in the overhead line when the change rate of the current parameter is greater than the preset current change rate, the peak value of the current parameter is greater than the rated current, the change rate of the voltage parameter is greater than the preset voltage change rate and / or the peak value of the voltage parameter is greater than the rated voltage.

[0060] Specifically, the distributed sensing array 1 acquires the current parameters and voltage parameters of the three-phase four-wire circuit in real time, and transmits the current parameters and voltage parameters to the central processing module 2. The central processing module 2 performs feature extraction on the voltage parameters and current parameters. The central processing module 2 can calculate statistical features such as the rate of change, peak value, and average value of the current parameters to reflect the changing trend and amplitude of the current parameters. The central processing module 2 can also calculate statistical features such as the rate of change, peak value, and average value of the voltage parameters to reflect the changing trend and amplitude of the voltage parameters. In a three-phase system, the central processing module 2 can also analyze the phase relationship between the current parameters and the voltage parameters to determine whether there is a phase offset or imbalance.

[0061] When a short circuit occurs, the current increases dramatically due to the sudden decrease in resistance in the circuit. Central processing module 2 can determine whether an overhead line has experienced a short circuit by monitoring the rate of change and peak value of current parameters. If the rate of change of the current parameter is greater than or equal to a preset rate of change, or the peak value of the current parameter is greater than or equal to the rated current of the overhead line at the monitoring point, central processing module 2 determines that a short circuit has occurred in the overhead line.

[0062] When a short circuit occurs, the voltage drops dramatically due to current shunting and resistive voltage drop. Central processing module 2 monitors changes in voltage parameters. If the voltage parameter drops by a magnitude greater than or equal to a preset voltage change rate, or if the voltage parameter is less than or equal to a certain percentage of the rated voltage of the overhead line at the monitoring point, central processing module 2 determines that a short circuit has occurred in the overhead line.

[0063] When a short circuit occurs, the power factor changes due to the change in the phase relationship between the current and voltage parameters. The central processing module 2 can calculate the power factor and monitor its changes to determine whether a short circuit has occurred in the overhead line.

[0064] Before the central processing module 2 is applied to fault detection, operations such as model training and verification need to be performed. First, it is considered to select an algorithm. According to the specific application scenario and data characteristics, a suitable algorithm is selected for data analysis. For example, a machine learning algorithm (support vector machine or neural network, etc.) or a statistical method (chi-square test or t-test, etc.) can be used. The algorithm is trained using historical data to establish a short-circuit feature or other fault feature recognition model. During the training process, the parameters and thresholds of the model need to be continuously adjusted to improve the recognition accuracy and generalization ability of the model. The trained model is verified using a new data set to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the model. If the recognition accuracy and stability of the model meet the requirements, the central processing module 2 can be applied to fault detection.

[0065] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 The voltage and current parameters of the overhead line acquired by the distributed sensor array 1 include the voltage and current parameters of each branch in the overhead line. The central processing module 2 is also used to compare the rate of change of the voltage and current parameters of each branch to determine the branch with a short circuit fault.

[0066] Specifically, after the central processing module 2 determines that a short circuit fault has occurred in the overhead line based on the current parameters and voltage parameters, the central processing module 2 performs preliminary positioning of the short circuit fault. The current sensors and voltage sensors of the distributed sensing array 1 are used to measure the voltage parameters and current parameters of each branch in the overhead line. By comparing the current and voltage changes of each branch, a preliminary judgment is made on the area where the short circuit fault may occur. For example, if the current of a branch suddenly increases and the voltage drops sharply, there may be a short circuit fault in the branch. After completing the above preliminary fault positioning, the central processing module 2 transmits the short circuit fault results to the communication module 3, and the communication module 3 uploads them to the remote monitoring center in the form of charts or reports, which helps the operation and maintenance personnel quickly understand the operating status and abnormal conditions of the power grid. When the central processing module 2 identifies the short circuit characteristics, the alarm mechanism should be triggered to promptly notify the operation and maintenance personnel to handle it. The alarm information may include information such as the location, time, and severity of the short circuit.

[0067] After the operation and maintenance personnel learn that a short circuit has occurred in a specific branch, they can divide the branch into multiple sections and use tools such as digital multimeters to measure the resistance values ​​of each section. Based on the changes in the resistance values, they can gradually narrow the fault range until they find a section with an abnormal resistance value (resistance value close to zero or far below the normal value), which is the short circuit fault point. Alternatively, they can use an infrared thermal imager to scan the branch to find the hot spot caused by the short circuit. The hot spot is the short circuit fault point or the nearby area. A cable fault locator can also be used. For cable circuits, a cable fault locator can be used to locate the fault. The cable fault locator uses the conduction and reflection principles of high-voltage pulse signals in the cable to accurately locate the short circuit fault point. After determining the short circuit fault point, the staff should conduct on-site verification to ensure the accuracy of the fault point location. Based on the verification results, the algorithm of the central processing module 2 is adjusted and optimized as necessary to improve the accuracy and efficiency of fault location.

[0068] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 The monitoring device also includes a protective cabin (not shown). Temperature and humidity sensors and a smart fan are installed within the protective cabin. A distributed sensor array 1, a central processing module 2, a power supply module 4, and a communication module 3 are installed within the protective cabin. The temperature and humidity sensors and the smart fan are connected to the central processing module 2, which controls the smart fan based on the temperature and humidity data within the protective cabin acquired by the temperature and humidity sensors.

[0069] Specifically, the protective cabin utilizes high-strength, corrosion-resistant composite materials, combined with a sealed design, to meet IP67 standards for water and dust resistance. Built-in temperature and humidity sensors and an intelligent fan automatically adjust the cabin environment. The distributed sensor array 1, central processing module 2, power module 4, and communication module 3 within the protective cabin are all connected to the outside world via waterproof connectors or sealing rubber rings, ensuring stable operation even in adverse weather conditions.

[0070] The monitoring device may also include a safety protection module, which may include an overcurrent protection unit, a short-circuit protection unit, and a lightning protection unit. The overcurrent protection unit may include a fuse, the short-circuit protection unit may include an air switch, and the lightning protection unit may include a surge suppressor. The components of the safety protection module may be arranged in series and parallel in the circuit of the distributed sensing array 1, the central processing module 2, the power module 4, and the communication module 3, thereby forming a complete electrical protection chain.

[0071] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention utilizes a distributed sensor array 1, using a contactless snap-on design, to achieve real-time monitoring of multiple three-phase, four-wire circuits. It also integrates key components such as the power module 4, communication module 3, central processing module 2, safety protection module, and protective cabin to construct an efficient, stable, and reliable monitoring system. The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention not only improves the sampling accuracy of current and voltage signals and the stability of communication, but also uses intelligent algorithms to enable rapid fault identification and immediate upload of alarm information, providing powerful technical support for power operation and maintenance. It achieves efficient and accurate monitoring of low-voltage power grids, improving the safety and reliability of power supply. In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, key components such as the distributed sensor array 1, power module 4, communication module 3, central processing module 2, safety protection module, and protective cabin can adopt a modular design, enabling flexible combination and replacement of components and reducing costs. Furthermore, by integrating components such as the power module 4 and protective cabin, the reliability and durability of the monitoring device are improved, reducing maintenance frequency and costs.

[0072] It should be understood that the various forms of the processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention can be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved. This is not limited herein.

[0073] The above specific embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for an overhead line, characterized in that: include: Distributed sensor array, central processing module, power module and communication module; The distributed sensor array is connected to the overhead line and the central processing module, and the distributed sensor array is used to obtain current parameters and voltage parameters of the overhead line, and transmit the current parameters and the voltage parameters to the central processing module; the central processing module performs fault detection according to the current parameters and the voltage parameters; The communication module is connected to the central processing module, and the communication module is used to obtain the fault detection result of the central processing module and upload the fault detection result of the central processing module to the remote monitoring center; The power supply module is connected to the distributed sensing array, the central processing module and the communication module, and is used to supply power to the distributed sensing array, the central processing module and the communication module.

2. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed sensing array includes a plurality of Hall current sensors and a plurality of Hall voltage sensors; the Hall current sensors are clamped on the surface of the overhead line by buckles, and the Hall voltage sensors are clamped on the surface of the overhead line by buckles; The distributed sensing array is connected to the central processing module via a shielded twisted pair cable, and a differential signal transmission technology is used to transmit the current parameter and the voltage parameter to the central processing module.

3. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes backup power; The power supply module draws power from the overhead line and / or the backup power supply through a non-invasive power supply technology, and supplies power to the distributed sensor array, the central processing module and the communication module.

4. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module includes a plurality of communication protocols; the communication module selects a communication protocol according to external communication conditions so as to upload the fault detection result of the central processing module to a remote monitoring center.

5. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module is also used to encrypt the fault detection result of the central processing module after obtaining the fault detection result of the central processing module, and then upload the encrypted fault detection result of the central processing module to the remote monitoring center.

6. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The communication module selects a main communication protocol and a backup communication protocol from a plurality of communication protocols according to external communication conditions, and uses the main communication protocol to upload the fault detection result of the central processing module to a remote monitoring center, and when a fault occurs in the main communication protocol, switches to the backup communication protocol to upload the fault detection result of the central processing module to a remote monitoring center.

7. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central processing module is used to compare the voltage parameter of the overhead line obtained by the distributed sensor array with the preset voltage parameter, and when the voltage parameter of the overhead line is less than the preset voltage parameter, determine that a low-voltage power outage fault occurs in the overhead line.

8. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central processing module is used to calculate the actual load based on the current parameters, voltage parameters and grid parameters of the overhead line obtained by the distributed sensor array, compare the actual load with the preset overload parameters, and determine that an overload fault occurs in the overhead line when the actual load is greater than the preset overload parameters; the grid parameters include the structural parameters of each branch of the overhead line.

9. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central processing module is used to extract features from the voltage parameters and current parameters of the overhead line acquired by the distributed sensing array, and determine that a short circuit fault occurs in the overhead line when the change rate of the current parameter is greater than the preset current change rate, the peak value of the current parameter is greater than the rated current, the change rate of the voltage parameter is greater than the preset voltage change rate and / or the peak value of the voltage parameter is greater than the rated voltage.

10. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The voltage parameters and current parameters of the overhead line acquired by the distributed sensor array include the voltage parameters and current parameters of each branch in the overhead line; the central processing module is also used to compare the change rates of the voltage parameters and current parameters of each branch to determine the branch where a short circuit fault occurs.

11. The overhead line monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A protection cabin; a temperature and humidity sensor and an intelligent fan are arranged in the protection cabin; The distributed sensing array, the central processing module, the power module and the communication module are arranged in the protection cabin, the temperature and humidity sensor and the smart fan are both connected to the central processing module, and the central processing module is used to control the smart fan according to the temperature and humidity data in the protection cabin obtained by the temperature and humidity sensor.

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