Personal cleansing compositions, methods and uses

Abstract

Personal cleansing compositions, methods, and uses are described herein. A personal cleansing composition may include a surfactant, a perfume, a hydrogenation solvent, and water, wherein the composition is structured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application is generally related to personal cleansing compositions, methods thereof and uses thereof. The personal cleansing composition comprises a surfactant, a perfume, a hydrogenated solvent and water, the surfactant comprising a first surfactant and a co-surfactant. The first surfactant comprises a specific mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants. The composition is structured, and preferably at least a portion of the composition may be in a lamellar phase. Background Art

[0002] Cleaning is an activity that has been carried out for hundreds of years. Early cleansers were based on soap chemistry or simple mechanical action to remove dirt from the skin, as well as endogenous dirt such as sweat, sebum and body odor. Smelling clean is an important beneficial effect, however, in the early days, spices were applied after cleaning because early cleansers were not designed to deposit the spices of consumer preferred amounts on the skin. Therefore, because it is washed down the drain, it is both wasteful and expensive to include a large amount of spices in the cleaning composition. Because skin cleaning compositions have become more complicated, the user of modern skin cleansers expects to provide fragrance during cleaning and residual fragrance on the skin after cleaning. Personal cleansing compositions comprising trideceth-2 sodium sulfate and hydrogenated solvents have been studied to provide a microemulsion phase to deliver fragrance.

[0003] Ethoxylated surfactants, such as sodium laureth sulfate (SLES or SLE3S) or sodium trideceth-n sulfate (STnS), are widely used in the cosmetic industry in personal cleansing products. These surfactants have traditionally been used to achieve consumer desired product features, including partitioning viscosity / product texture, foam, cleansing, and deposition of skin actives. Ethoxylation provides enhanced solubility, reduced crystallization in liquids, enhanced polymer interactions for coacervate formation and subsequent beneficial delivery to the skin and scalp, increased mildness to the skin, and improved foam quality.

[0004] Alkoxylated fatty alcohols are used in many industries. For example, they can be used as nonionic surfactants in detergents and cleaners. They can also be intermediates for the preparation of other surfactants by processes such as sulfation. Current sulfation processes for alkoxylated fatty alcohols can lead to the formation of unwanted impurities such as 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diol as trace residual amounts. Alkane components, which may remain as part of the alkoxylated fatty alcohol sulfate when sold or used. Such unwanted impurities can be removed by additional processing, such as a relatively and expensive vacuum stripping process.

[0005] In addition, 1,4-di Alkanes are persistent impurities formed from ethoxylated surfactants and can result in trace residual amounts being present, particularly during the sulfation of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, as well as in those same ethoxylated surfactants during aging in the supply chain and more slowly in final products containing them.

[0006] It would therefore be desirable to prepare personal cleansing compositions containing relatively ultra-low levels or no ethoxylated surfactants to mitigate any undesirable impurity profiles and any need for any additional processing steps.

[0007] There is a need to develop a formulation method for personal cleansing compositions that utilize relatively ultra-low or non-ethoxylated surfactants without negative consumer-noticeable tradeoffs.

[0008] There remains a need to provide personal cleansing compositions having relatively ultra-low ethoxylated or non-ethoxylated surfactants which can be rigid and stable gels that can deliver perfume benefits to the skin.

[0009] There remains a need to provide personal cleansing compositions having relatively ultra-low ethoxylated or non-ethoxylated surfactants which provide similar or improved scent and / or residual scent on the skin during cleansing; and which maintain their effectiveness in cleansing and are easy to dispense and spread on the skin. Summary of the invention

[0010] A personal cleansing composition is provided and comprises: i) from about 30% to about 55%, preferably from about 32% to about 52%, more preferably from about 35% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant, wherein the surfactant comprises a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, wherein the primary surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, optionally wherein the primary surfactant consists essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, wherein the mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula I and surfactant isomers of Formula II:

[0011]

[0012] Where 10≤p≤11;

[0013] Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9;

[0014] wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; wherein the first surfactant comprises: from about 37% to about 50%, preferably from about 38% to about 49%, more preferably from about 40% to about 49%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; from about 50% to about 63%, preferably from about 51% to about 62%, more preferably from about 51% to about 60%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably less than or equal to about 4% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants;

[0015] ii) from about 4.5% to about 25%, preferably from about 7% to about 22%, more preferably from about 7.5% to about 19.5%, by weight of the composition, of fragrance;

[0016] iii) from about 6% to about 18.5%, preferably from about 6.5% to about 17%, more preferably from about 7% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, of a hydrogenated solvent; and

[0017] iv) water;

[0018] wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent is greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably from 3.8 to 5.0; wherein the composition is structured, preferably at least a portion of the composition is in the lamellar phase.

[0019] A method is provided for providing similar or enhanced in vitro body or fragrance skin deposition of a rinse-off microemulsion cleansing composition, and the composition comprises a combination of a first surfactant and a hydrogenated solvent, comprising: i) from about 30% to about 55%, preferably from about 32% to about 52%, more preferably from about 35% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant, wherein the surfactant comprises a first surfactant and a co-surfactant, wherein the first surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, optionally wherein the first surfactant consists essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, wherein the mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula I and a surfactant isomer of Formula II:

[0020]

[0021] Where 10≤p≤11;

[0022] Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9;

[0023] wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; wherein the first surfactant comprises: from about 37% to about 50%, preferably from about 38% to about 49%, more preferably from about 40% to about 49%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; from about 50% to about 63%, preferably from about 51% to about 62%, more preferably from about 51% to about 60%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably less than or equal to about 4% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants;

[0024] ii) from about 4.5% to about 25%, preferably from about 7% to about 22%, more preferably from about 7.5% to about 19.5%, by weight of the composition, of fragrance;

[0025] iii) from about 6% to about 18.5%, preferably from about 6.5% to about 17%, more preferably from about 7% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, of a hydrogenated solvent;

[0026] wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent is greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably 3.8 to 5.0; and water to obtain a personal cleansing composition containing a microemulsion phase; and then diluting the personal cleansing composition with water at a weight ratio of water to composition of from about 2:1 to about 10:1, preferably from about 3:1 to about 10:1, more preferably from about 5:1 to about 8:1, to form a rinse-off microemulsion cleaning composition.

[0027] Use of a personal cleansing composition as described herein to provide a stable or improved stable gel.

[0028] Use of the first surfactant in the personal cleansing composition as described above to provide a stable or improved stable and rigid gel. The personal cleansing composition has an elastic modulus G' of about 100 Pa to about 2500 Pa at 1 Hz according to the G' and G" test method as disclosed herein.

[0029] Use of a first surfactant in a personal cleansing composition as described above to provide improved foam stability.

[0030] Use of a first surfactant in a personal cleansing composition as described above to provide similar or thicker foam.

[0031] Use of a combination of a first surfactant and a co-surfactant in a personal cleansing composition as described above for providing similar or denser foam, wherein the ratio of the weight percentage of the first surfactant to the weight percentage of the co-surfactant is 4: 1 to 20: 1, preferably 5: 1 to 9: 1, more preferably 6: 1 to 8: 1. Preferably, the co-surfactant may include betaine, alkylamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine and combinations thereof.

[0032] The combination of the first surfactant and the hydrogenated solvent in the personal cleansing composition as described above provides similar or enhanced in vitro body for use in the personal cleansing composition.

[0033] The combination of the first surfactant and the hydrogenated solvent in the personal cleansing composition as described above provides similar or enhanced fragrance persistence on the skin for use in the personal cleansing composition.

[0034] The combination of the first surfactant and the hydrogenated solvent in the personal cleansing composition as described above provides the use of a similar or enhanced scent to the personal cleansing composition prior to use.

[0035] The combination of the first surfactant and the hydrogenated solvent in the personal cleansing composition as described above provides for the use of a similar or enhanced scent on the skin of the personal cleansing composition upon initial application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] While the specification concludes with a claim that particularly points out and distinctly claims the invention, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0037] Figure 1 is a ternary diagram at a constant water percentage of 35% by weight of the composition showing a first surfactant, dipropylene glycol (DPG), and a fragrance oil;

[0038] Figure 2 is a ternary diagram at a constant water percentage of 35% by weight of the composition showing another first surfactant, dipropylene glycol (DPG), and a fragrance oil;

[0039] Figure 3 Mean values ​​of the relative headspace responses of the micellar control bath agents upon dilution and taking into account the different PRM log P ranges are provided;

[0040] Figure 4 providing an average of relative headspace responses of a personal cleansing composition comprising a first surfactant upon dilution and taking into account different PRMlog P ranges;

[0041] Figure 5 providing the average headspace response at 70 PRM of a personal cleansing composition including a first surfactant compared to a control micellar composition at each dilution step tested; and

[0042] Figure 6 Bar graph showing the sum of all 70PRM GC-MS headspace counts for the personal cleansing compositions of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Definition of terms

[0044] In this document, unless specifically stated otherwise, the following definitions apply in all embodiments, including in all aspects of the invention.

[0045] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are by weight (w / w) of the composition. "wt. %" means weight percentage. References to 'parts' (e.g., a mixture of 1 part X and 3 parts Y) are ratios by weight. Unless otherwise specifically stated, all ratios or percentages are weight ratios or weight percentages.

[0046] An "active composition" is a composition that does not contain water, and an "active ingredient" is an ingredient that does not contain water.

[0047] "QS" or "QSP" means sufficient for 100% or for 100 g. + / - indicates standard deviation. All ranges are inclusive and combinable. The number of significant figures expresses neither a limitation on the amount shown nor a limitation on the accuracy of the measurement. All numerical values ​​are understood to be modified by the word "about".

[0048] Unless otherwise indicated, all measurements are understood to be made at 25°C and ambient conditions, where "ambient conditions" means at a pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm) and at 65% relative humidity. "Relative humidity" means the ratio of the moisture content of air compared to the saturation moisture content at the same temperature and pressure (expressed as a percentage). Relative humidity can be measured using a hygrometer, specifically using International probe moisture meter.

[0049] As used herein, "min" means "one minute" or "several minutes". As used herein, "mol" means "mole". As used herein, "g" after a number means "gram". "Ex." means "Example". All amounts referring to listed ingredients are based on the active content and do not include carriers or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials.

[0050] As used herein, "comprising" means that other steps and other ingredients may be added. "Comprising" encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of". The compositions, methods, uses, kits and processes of the invention may comprise, consist of and consist essentially of the elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any additional or optional ingredients, components, steps or limitations described herein. Unless incompatibility is indicated, the embodiments and aspects described herein may include elements, features or components of other embodiments and / or aspects or may be combined with elements, features or components of other embodiments and / or aspects, although not explicitly exemplified in the combination.

[0051] As used herein, articles including "a" and "an" when used in a claim should be understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described.

[0052] As used herein, the terms "including," "comprising," and "containing" are intended to be non-limiting.

[0053] Where content ranges are given, these should be understood to be the total amount of the ingredient in the composition, or where more than one material falls within an ingredient definition, the total amount of all ingredients in the composition that meet the definition.

[0054] For example, if a composition comprises 1% to 5% fatty alcohol, a composition comprising 2% stearyl alcohol and 1% cetyl alcohol and no other fatty alcohols would fall within the range.

[0055] The amount of each specific ingredient or mixtures thereof described below may comprise up to 100% (or 100%) of the total amount of ingredients in the composition.

[0056] As used herein, the term "free of" means that the composition comprises 0% of an ingredient by total weight of the composition, and thus has no detectable amount of the ingredient.

[0057] As used herein, the term "substantially free" means less than about 1%, less than about 0.8%, less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.3%, or less than an insubstantial amount, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0058] As used herein, the term "cleansing composition" refers to compositions intended for topical application to the skin for cleansing.

[0059] As used herein, the term "concentrated / concentrated" with respect to cleaning compositions refers to compositions wherein the weight percentage of surfactant relative to the total composition is greater than about 15%.

[0060] The term "C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant" refers to a sulfated anionic surfactant including an alkyl group having a total number of 12 carbon atoms.

[0061] The term "C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant" refers to a sulfated anionic surfactant including an alkyl group having a total number of 13 carbon atoms.

[0062] As used herein, the term "2-branched C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant" refers to a C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant having an alkyl chain at the carbon 2 position.

[0063] As used herein, the term "2-branched C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant" refers to a C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant having an alkyl chain at the carbon 2 position.

[0064] As used herein, the term "other branched C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants" refers to any other branched C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants other than 2-branched C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, such as 3-branched or 4-branched or 5-branched etc. C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0065] As used herein, the term "other branched C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants" refers to any other branched C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants other than 2-branched C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, such as 3-branched or 4-branched or 5-branched C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0066] As used herein, the term "other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants" refers to any other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants that are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, such as C11, C14, C15, etc., C16 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0067] As used herein, the term "gel" refers to a material or composition that does not flow under its own weight and has a G' greater than about 25 Pa at 1 Hz in an oscillatory rheology test.

[0068] As used herein, the term "shelf stable gel" refers to a material or composition that does not flow under its own weight and has a G' of about 25 Pa to less than 90 at 1 Hz in an oscillatory rheology test.

[0069] As used herein, the term "stable gel" refers to a material or composition that does not separate into more than one phase in a centrifuge test, is able to retain small bubbles after standing for 1 day under ambient conditions, and has a G' greater than or equal to about 100 Pa at 1 Hz in an oscillatory rheology test.

[0070] As used herein, the term "hydrogenating solvent" refers to a solvent that is a neutral organic substance that contains at least 2 hydroxyl groups and is not a hydrotrope.

[0071] As used herein, the term "hydrotrope" refers to a charged amphiphilic solubility modifier. The hydrotrope is typically a charged olefin, especially an olefin sulfonate, such as an aromatic sulfonate.

[0072] As used herein, the term "relative richness" refers to the fragrance in the headspace of the composition during use in a perfumed cleaning composition relative to the concentration of a conventional hydrogenated solvent-free control micellar composition having 10 wt. % starting surfactant and 1 wt. % starting fragrance when the same fragrance is used in the composition and the micellar composition.

[0073] As used herein, the term "in vitro intensity" refers to the amount of fragrance experienced at a weight ratio of at least 2:1 water to composition dilution compared to the amount of fragrance in the headspace prior to dilution, and can be measured according to the perfumed headspace abundance during the dilution method described below.

[0074] As used herein, the term "micelle" refers to a structure comprising individual surfactant molecules aggregated to form a hydrophobic core region with outwardly facing polar head groups in equilibrium with surfactant monomers in a polar phase, the structure having a characteristic size of about two surfactant lengths, i.e., a diameter generally less than about 10 nm.

[0075] As used herein, the term "microemulsion" refers to a thermodynamically stable, isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, and water comprising an internal hydrophobic core having a diameter about twice the extended length of the surfactant molecule, i.e., typically having at least one diameter dimension greater than about 3.5 nm in diameter as measured by neutron scattering.

[0076] As used herein, the term "mixture" is meant to include a simple combination of substances, as well as any compounds that may result from their combination.

[0077] As used herein, the term "fragrance" refers to a mixture of volatile organic oils having a pleasing aroma, wherein the fragrance components have individual molecular weights between about 75 and 400 Daltons.

[0078] As used herein, the term "rinse-off" means that the intended use of the product includes application to the skin and then washing and / or wiping the product from the skin within seconds to minutes of the application step. The product is typically applied and rinsed off in the same use event, such as a shower.

[0079] "Room temperature" refers to a temperature of 25°C.

[0080] As used herein, the term "solvent" refers to a substance or mixture of substances that is present in a solution of molecules at the greatest molar concentration and that acts by dissolving other substances, which are usually larger molecules.

[0081] As used herein, the term "single phase" when used with respect to the cleaning compositions of the present invention refers to homogeneity when measured according to the centrifuge test at a specified temperature.

[0082] As used herein, the term "structured" refers to personal cleansing compositions that may contain more than one phase that does not separate into two or more visible layers or phases in a centrifuge test as disclosed herein; and does not separate after standing for 24 hours under ambient conditions; and is a gel, preferably a shelf stable gel, most preferably a stable gel.

[0083] The object of the present invention is to provide a personal cleaning product, method and use of the product, structure and corresponding composition as described in the summary of the invention or as described below for achieving the technical effects or goals as set forth herein. These objectives and other advantages described in the above summary of the invention and the detailed description and defined in the subsequent claims that can be obtained by the present invention may be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0084] Beneficial Effects

[0085] Chemical impurities are sometimes found in raw materials or in products that utilize raw materials. For example, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene Alkanes are undesirable byproducts in the preparation of detergents. 1,4-Dioxanes have been previously reported as industrial process solvents or chemical intermediates. Alkanes are used to produce products that may have commercial or consumer applications, such as coatings, adhesives, detergents, and pesticides. Alkanes may be present as impurities and may occur in trace residual amounts in consumer cosmetics / toiletries, household detergents, pharmaceuticals, food, agricultural and veterinary products, and ethylene glycol-based antifreeze coolants.

[0086] In addition, 1,4-di 1,4-Dioxane is a byproduct of the manufacturing process of ethoxylated surfactants produced using ethylene oxide. Alkanes are unwanted chemicals formed during the surfactant manufacturing process used to produce ingredients such as ethoxylated surfactants and polyethylene glycols.

[0087] 1,4-di Alkanes can be formed from the ethoxylated product during an unintended side reaction known as "intramolecular chain transfer" or "backbiting". Two moles of ethylene oxide are eliminated from the ethoxylated product to form 1,4-dioxolane. Backbiting can occur once for every 2 moles of ethylene oxide on the molecule.

[0088] Therefore, 1,4-di Alkanes are persistent impurities formed from ethoxylate products, particularly during the sulfation of ethoxylated fatty alcohols to make ethoxylated surfactants, as well as in those same ethoxylated surfactants during aging in the supply chain, and more slowly in final products containing them.

[0089] 1,4-Dimethoxy-1,4-diols in alkoxylated (especially ethoxylated) alkyl sulfates Based on recent technological advances, manufacturers can reduce the amount of alkane byproducts by vacuum stripping or by removing impurities (such as 1,4-dimethoxylated surfactants) from the ethoxylated surfactants. Improved methods to remove most 1,4-diols from consumer products alkyl.

[0090] However, it is desirable to prepare personal cleansing compositions containing relatively ultra-low levels or no ethoxylated surfactants without negative consumer-noticeable trade-offs.

[0091] Initially, consideration has been given to comparing non-ethoxylated surfactants, namely those sold under the trade names TDS is available from Solvay as non-ethoxylated sodium tridecyl sulfate or under the trade name 13 Non-ethoxylated sodium tridecyl sulfate prepared by sulfation of corresponding tridecyl alcohol supplied by ExxonMobil.

[0092] However, it is not possible to prepare a concentrated personal cleansing composition having the requisite level of the comparative surfactant when using the above comparative non-ethoxylated surfactant supplied with 35 wt% water in the composition. In addition, the personal cleansing composition does not have acceptable structuring properties.

[0093] In order to provide a rigid and stable gel as well as high fragrance delivery properties, personal cleansing compositions require a specific first surfactant structure that needs to be discovered and optimized. Previously, surfactant structures included branched alkyl hydrocarbon chains, hydrophilic ethoxylate spacers, and anionic sulfate head groups in combination with other ingredient components to produce personal cleansing compositions organized into a structured, lamellar phase that is desirable for dispensing rheology and aesthetics, while being able to be diluted into a microemulsion in the presence of water.

[0094] Sodium trideceth-n hydrocarbon is a highly branched alkyl sulfate and is able to achieve all of these structurally related requirements for high fragrance delivery compositions, but in the absence of ethoxylation, the inventors have found that it fails to produce the lamellar phase necessary to deliver the desired in-use aesthetics. Furthermore, related to these structural observations, highly branched non-ethoxylated sodium trideceth sulfate fails to produce a stable lamellar phase and does not have the resulting elastic modulus G' for useful product in-use aesthetics.

[0095] Surprisingly, the present inventors have found that when selected proportions of a first surfactant comprising a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants as defined herein are combined with selected proportions and weight ratios of a hydrogenated solvent such as dipropylene glycol and the surfactant and a fragrance, a stable and rigid gel, i.e. having a lamellar structure, can be obtained.

[0096] The surfactant comprises a first surfactant and a co-surfactant. The first surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants. Optionally, the first surfactant may consist essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants. The mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula I and surfactant isomers of Formula II:

[0097]

[0098] Where 10≤p≤11;

[0099] Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9;

[0100] wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; wherein the first surfactant comprises: from about 37% to about 50%, preferably from about 38% to about 49%, more preferably from about 40% to about 49%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; from about 50% to about 63%, preferably from about 51% to about 62%, more preferably from about 51% to about 60%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably less than or equal to about 4% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0101] Surprisingly, the present inventors have found that by varying the nature and distribution of the hydrocarbon branches of the 2-branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, a personal cleansing composition comprising a first surfactant having a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants as described herein is structured and may in particular have a structured lamellar phase. In particular, the first surfactant is commercially available under the trade name SULFATE supplied by SASOL. 123A alcohol or Sulfated product obtained from 123A alcohol.

[0102] A personal cleansing composition comprising a first surfactant having a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants as described herein can produce a rigid and stable gel having elastic modulus G', G", and tan δ as described in more detail below. The gel remains stable in the absence of any further addition of any ethoxylated anionic surfactant.

[0103] Preferably, at least a portion of the composition is in the lamellar phase, or the composition is in the lamellar phase.

[0104] The resulting personal cleansing composition can have a microemulsion phase even at low water content, ie without any further dilution.

[0105] Additionally, the personal cleansing composition can be further diluted from the lamellar phase to an increased microemulsion phase at low water levels.

[0106] The personal cleansing composition dispenses and spreads easily onto the skin without running.

[0107] To accommodate current consumer habits during body cleansing, the personal cleansing composition can be in the form of a stable gel having a structure defined by the elastic modulus G', viscous modulus G", viscosity, and shear-thinning viscosity ratio, as measured by the test methods below. The gel can contain a lamellar phase that approximates a micellar composition. In some cases, when the gel has a relatively high fragrance concentration in its headspace, it is believed to be in equilibrium with a microemulsion phase because the gel can exhibit a characteristic lamellar x-ray diffraction pattern. In other cases, the gel can have a high fragrance concentration in the headspace only after the introduction of dilution water.

[0108] The present inventors have discovered that when G' is below about 25 Pa, the personal cleansing composition is not fully structured and is not lamellar; and tends to phase separate and become an unstable gel.

[0109] As a combination between a surfactant including a first surfactant as described herein and a hydrogenated solvent such as dipropylene glycol, the inventors have discovered that the combination of a first surfactant having a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants and a hydrogenated solvent is unique because it has a wide range over which it can help produce a desired structured composition. In addition, it can result in a microemulsion approaching a lamellar phase in a personal cleansing composition.

[0110] Figure 1 and Figure 2A phase diagram of a surfactant comprising two different first surfactants having a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants; and a co-surfactant, preferably when the first surfactant and the co-surfactant are combined in a weight ratio of 10:1 to 4:1, such as 6.7:1, as shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples in; when combined with a hydrogenated solvent such as dipropylene glycol (DPG) and a representative perfume oil fragrance.

[0111] The entirety of the graph is at 35% water content and the points on the graph thus constitute the non-aqueous components of the personal cleansing composition. The personal cleansing composition forms a rigid stable gel in the so-called 'lamellar' region above about 50% surfactant, below about 25% DPG and below about 35% fragrance (see Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). When more than about 25% DPG is used, the hydrogenated solvent dissolves the lamellar structure and forms additional phases in the two-phase region between the lamellar and micelles and between the lamellar and microemulsion. There may be a transition region between the micelle and the microemulsion, which cannot be determined by visual observation or rheological measurements.

[0112] When too much fragrance is used, the lamellar phase cannot dissolve it all and it becomes a second phase which is less dense than the lamellar phase and thus may be a microemulsion in equilibrium with the lamellar phase.

[0113] When too little surfactant is used, especially when too little primary surfactant is used while the weight ratio between primary surfactant and co-surfactant remains the same, no structured phase and lamellar phase are formed because there is enough water and hydrogenated solvent to allow for greater surfactant spacing.

[0114] Foam Benefits

[0115] Some personal cleansing compositions may form microemulsions but perform poorly with respect to lathering and, therefore, cleansing, which are important characteristics to consumers.As described herein, personal cleansing compositions including a first surfactant may also have lather characteristics that are acceptable to consumers.

[0116] Foam can be measured according to the graduated cylinder method described below. The composition can have a foam volume of about 500 mL or more, preferably about 600 mL or more, more preferably about 630 mL to about 1050 mL. The composition can have a foam density of about 0.03 g / cc, about 0.04 g / cc, about 0.05 g / cc, 0.055 g / cc, 0.06 g / cc, 0.065 g / cc or more. The composition can have a foam mass of about 20 g, about 25 g, about 30 g, about 35 g, about 40 g, about 45 g or more.

[0117] Personal cleansing compositions comprising a first surfactant as described herein can achieve denser foams, primarily due to improved filling at the interface resulting in bubble elasticity compared to when the anionic surfactant is sodium trideceth-n sulfate (ST2S or ST3S).

[0118] Fragrance-related beneficial effects

[0119] Modern consumers of cleansing compositions expect the compositions to provide a scent during use and to have a lingering scent on the skin after use, making fragrance an important component of personal cleansing compositions. Fragrance is also an important component of many personal cleansing compositions for masking the base odor of the cleansing ingredients which may be unpleasant.

[0120] Perfumes are mainly composed of hydrophobic oils, but personal cleaning compositions generally have an aqueous continuous phase that does not substantially provide the ability to carry perfume. It is desirable to provide perfume in a soluble form in liquid personal cleaning compositions because any type of insoluble phase can lead to instability problems in the composition. Therefore, perfumes are generally solubilized in the surfactant component of the personal cleaning composition, such as micelles, lamellar structures, vesicles, etc. Due to the aggregation of surfactant tails, all types of surfactant structures contain hydrophobic regions that can solubilize a large amount of perfume oils. Perfumes are generally present in the surfactant tail in the form of molecular solutions rather than thermodynamically unstable colloidal structures (such as emulsion droplets) due to the interaction of perfumes with surfactant tails.

[0121] There are problems with providing fragrance during use and providing residual fragrance from personal cleansing compositions to the skin. Well-known physical laws govern the equilibrium relationship between fragrance in the air and fragrance solubilized in micelles or other environments. This relationship is defined by the molar fraction of fragrance in the soluble environment (usually micelles). Micelles are a common feature of skin cleansers because even non-micellar surfactant compositions typically become micelles during the dilution experienced during cleansing.

[0122] Because the concentration of perfume in personal cleansing composition is usually only 25% or less on a molar basis in surfactant micelles, the vapor pressure of each perfume molecule can be reduced by 75% or even more due to its solubilization in micelles. The expectation of delivering perfume to the skin suffers a similar fate during cleaning. Perfume molecules can diffuse or be distributed into the skin during cleaning. The driving force for doing so is the thermodynamic activity coefficient gradient of perfume molecules. Although pure perfume with a high activity coefficient applied to the skin can be quickly distributed into the skin, perfume in surfactant micelles located near the skin suffers from a reduced activity coefficient (75% or more) due to micellar solubilization. Therefore, most of the perfume (about 90%) in personal cleansing compositions is usually washed off during rinsing before it can be distributed into the skin or accumulated in the headspace. The result is that after a typical cleaning event, the skin still has no or very little fragrance and only lasts for a short duration. Therefore, it is inefficient to deliver perfume to the air and skin during cleaning, and it is therefore expensive.

[0123] Overcoming these technical limitations in order to increase the fragrance delivery to the skin and the richness of the fragrance during the cleaning event is not just a matter of adjusting the formulation components at an increased cost. There are natural limitations associated with factors such as solubility. For example, increasing the fragrance in a personal cleansing composition is not only expensive, but also not feasible considering that a large amount of fragrance may become insoluble in the surfactant composition, resulting in instability. In some cases, the amount of fragrance exceeds the capacity of the micelles, and the composition becomes unstable and no longer transparent, which is a quality expected by consumers, and the viscosity decreases. In order to overcome the low viscosity and lack of transparency, more surfactants can be added. This method usually leads to a composition with high manufacturing costs. In addition, increasing the fragrance content in the composition may be detrimental to the cleaning and stability of the cleaning foam, because the hydrophobic nature of the fragrance oil causes it to behave like "dirt" for the decontamination aspect of the surfactant. When using 2% by weight or more of fragrance, micellar compositions with acceptable viscosity usually require up to 15% by weight or even 18% by weight of surfactant.

[0124] Various approaches to overcome this problem have been proposed. Fragrance microcapsules have been developed to encapsulate fragrance and prevent it from contacting surfactants. However, only a limited number of fragrance molecules are stable in fragrance microcapsules; and the fragrance microcapsules themselves must then be delivered to the skin and subsequently mechanically crushed by the consumer in order to release the fragrance. Most fragrance microcapsules themselves are washed down the drain during cleansing, providing little benefit.

[0125] In addition, personal cleansing compositions have been formulated as micelles. Surfactants have a critical micelle concentration or CMC at which they aggregate. Below the CMC, the surfactant exists in the solution as a monomer. It has been proposed that dilution below the CMC can release the fragrance to increase the richness. The problem with this approach is that the CMC is very low, typically about 100 ppm for a cleaning surfactant mixture (i.e., 0.01% by weight, diluted more than 500 times from the initial composition). Therefore, the CMC occurs at a concentration that is irrelevant to cleaning or rinsing the body. During rinsing, the CMC is only reached at the end of cleaning, when almost all of the cleaning components have been washed down the drain in the form of micelles, carrying the fragrance. The relevant dilution during cleaning is less than 10 times, especially less than 5 times, during which there is extensive exposure of the washing composition to the body and the air in the shower, thereby providing time and opportunity for the fragrance to aggregate and be distributed to the skin if it can be removed from the environment of the micelles.

[0126] The personal cleansing compositions may also deliver similar or enhanced initial perfume perception, similar or enhanced perfume intensity during cleansing, and similar or enhanced perfume retention on the skin after cleansing.

[0127] Surprisingly, the inventors have discovered that a specific first surfactant as described herein, together with a hydrogenated solvent, at the described weight ratio between the surfactant and the hydrogenated solvent, can deliver similar or enhanced initial perfume perception, similar or enhanced perfume intensity during cleansing, and similar or enhanced retention of perfume on the skin after cleansing.

[0128] Without wishing to be bound by theory, personal cleansing compositions comprising a specific first surfactant as described herein can provide fragrance-related benefits. In addition, it is believed that fragrance-related benefits are at least partially produced when at least a portion of the fragrance in the composition is in the physical form of a fragrance microemulsion within a lamellar phase. This is because the personal cleansing composition is structured, and preferably close to a microemulsion, which is capable of producing a fragrance microemulsion. In microemulsion form, it is believed that most of the fragrance is in the central core region and is not in close molecular proximity to the surfactant hydrocarbon, so it is not in a solvent-solute relationship that can reduce the fragrance activity coefficient.

[0129] The result is that the intensity and / or relative intensity is similar or significantly enhanced, sometimes double or even triple or more; and the perfume scent on the skin after washing can be enhanced similarly or by a similar magnitude.

[0130] The personal cleansing composition may already contain a microemulsion phase. The microemulsion phase may be in equilibrium with the lamellar phase.

[0131] The personal cleansing composition is structured, preferably in a lamellar phase, and may coexist with or be so close to a microemulsion phase prior to dilution during use, but may be completely converted to a perfume microemulsion during use. In fact, it is not necessary to convert the composition to a perfume microemulsion upon dilution, as the microemulsion may already be or nearly coexist to provide perfume-related benefits.

[0132] Optionally, further dilution of the personal cleansing composition can result in an increase in the microemulsion phase from the lamellar phase.

[0133] In order to make the personal cleaning composition lead to a perfume microemulsion when diluted, it is believed that sufficient perfume (which is the oil component used to prepare the perfume core); a specific first surfactant as described herein (surfactant at the correct level); and a hydrogenated solvent and a weight ratio of surfactant to hydrogenated solvent are contributing factors. The hydrogenated solvent has a variety of effects, such as reducing the dielectric of the aqueous phase, acting as a solvent for the surfactant head group, reducing the interfacial tension between the aqueous phase and the hydrocarbon, and interacting with the perfume in the core. During the use of the personal cleaning composition, when the composition is diluted, the concentration of the hydrogenated solvent decreases, and the composition begins to transform into a perfume microemulsion, due to the addition of a large amount of water during washing and rinsing. This provides an additional beneficial effect of increasing the perfume activity coefficient by increasing the perfume molar concentration in the core. Therefore, a sufficient amount of hydrogenated solvent in the initial composition will form a microemulsion phase close to a lamellar phase without further dilution, which can increase perfume activity during use.

[0134] Perfumes are beneficial agents. Perfume benefits can be achieved at different time points in the cleaning composition. Perfumes in the headspace of the package may be important for selecting products at the time of purchase. During cleaning, when an appropriate amount of water (such as, for example, about 3 parts of water per composition (i.e., a 3:1 dilution ratio)) is introduced, the fragrance of the perfume provides a beneficial effect during skin cleansing. During skin cleansing, some perfumes can be distributed into the outer layer of the skin, which can provide a fragrant skin benefit after cleaning and last for a period of time, which is called fragrance persistence. The controlling characteristic of both fragrance intensity and shelf life is the activity coefficient of the perfume molecule, which is a thermodynamic term. Perfume molecules only show their maximum vapor pressure when they are pure. Diluted perfume molecules, whether diluted by surfactants in micelles, organic solvents, water, etc., all show a vapor pressure lower than their pure vapor pressure. The amount of perfume in the headspace on the composition, diluted composition, or skin can be analyzed and measured, as described in the method section below. The benefits of initial fragrance intensity, richness or shelf life compared to conventional body wash or shampoo compositions can be demonstrated by comparing the performance of the composition before, during and / or after a skin cleansing event.

[0135] Additionally, perfume analysis in the headspace can be directly related to the perfume solvent environment in the composition or diluted composition, such that gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) headspace measurements are indicative of the perfume environment, i.e., the microemulsion phase, and the relationship of the perfume to the solvent molecules therein. Well-established physical laws govern the relationship between the concentration of molecules in the headspace and the solvent environment of the molecules in solution, such as Raoult's law. Likewise, headspace measurements on the skin after washing are equally useful, since, as previously described, perfume activity coefficients enhance the partitioning of perfume into the skin.

[0136] In addition to being a benefit agent, fragrance is also an oil, and thus can contribute directly to the formation of the phase responsible for its activity coefficient (as described above), and thus can contribute directly to fragrance intensity and shelf life benefits. As described above, fragrance oils can generally be added to the micellar surfactant mixture before its phase separation to only about 0.25 weight fraction of surfactant, however the diluted cleaning compositions described herein can maintain at least 0.5 parts fragrance:surfactant, or even 0.75 parts fragrance:surfactant, or even more, while remaining clear, including water-diluted compositions.

[0137] The fragrance can be a carrier of a fragrance-free hydrophobic additive. At least 5 wt %, or at least 10 wt %, or at least 20 wt % of the additive miscible with the fragrance can be used to increase the delivery of the additive to the skin. Any additive that provides a beneficial effect to the skin or skin environment (e.g., skin microorganisms) can be used. The additive can provide a direct or indirect beneficial effect, such as antibacterial, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, chelating, pH adjustment, antifungal, antiviral, disease control (e.g., acne, atopic dermatitis, eczema, dermatitis, dandruff), anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, age spot reduction, sunscreen, hydration, moisturizing or any other skin beneficial effect. The advantage of the personal cleansing composition is to enhance the delivery of the additive during cleaning to the skin. The additional beneficial effect is that the subsequent evaporation of the fragrance on the skin is due to the reduction of the activity coefficient of the additive by diluting with the fragrance, which increases the thermodynamic activity of the additive after it is delivered to the skin. The fragrance can also provide a beneficial effect except for the fragrance, such as some having antimicrobial activity when delivered to the skin.

[0138] Optionally, at least a portion of the personal cleansing composition can be diluted with water in a water to composition weight ratio of from about 2: 1 to about 10: 1, preferably from about 3: 1 to about 10: 1, more preferably from about 5: 1 to about 8: 1. The personal cleansing composition can be a rinse-off composition.

[0139] During use, during dilution of the composition, some microemulsions may equilibrate with other phases. The coexistence of both microemulsion and micellar phases may have advantages, as micelles may provide excellent foaming and cleaning properties, while microemulsions may deliver enhanced perfume benefits. Certain analytical measurements, such as neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering, and visible light transmission may be used as a guide when evaluating microemulsion phases.

[0140] According to the above, the personal cleaning composition includes a surfactant, a hydrogenated solvent, a perfume and water, and the surfactant includes a first surfactant and an auxiliary surfactant. In addition, as described herein, optional ingredients such as preservatives, thickeners, hydrophobic oils, pH regulators, additives, soaps, etc. may also be included. The personal cleaning composition may not be in the form of a styling gel. The personal cleaning composition is structured and may have at least a portion in a lamellar phase. The personal cleaning composition may be in the form of a microemulsion or may contain a microemulsion phase.

[0141] To this end, the present inventors have discovered that personal cleansing compositions require surfactants, perfumes, and hydrogenated solvents delivered in defined ratios in a structured personal cleansing composition.

[0142] Personal cleansing compositions

[0143] A personal cleansing composition is provided and includes from about 30% to about 55%, preferably from about 32% to about 52%, more preferably from about 35% to about 50%, and most preferably from about 35.5% to about 45.5% of a surfactant by weight of the composition. The surfactant includes a first surfactant and a co-surfactant. The first surfactant includes a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants. Optionally, the first surfactant may consist essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0144] The mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula I and surfactant isomers of Formula II:

[0145]

[0146] Where 10≤p≤11;

[0147] Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9;

[0148] wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium.

[0149] The first surfactant comprises from about 37% to about 50%, preferably from about 38% to about 49%, more preferably from about 40% to about 49%, of a C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, based on the weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate.

[0150] The first surfactant comprises from about 50% to about 63%, preferably from about 51% to about 62%, more preferably from about 51% to about 60%, by weight of the first surfactant, of a C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate.

[0151] The first surfactant also includes less than or equal to about 5% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant, preferably less than or equal to about 4% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant is not a C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0152] The personal cleansing composition further comprises: from about 4.5% to about 25%, preferably from about 7% to about 22%, more preferably from about 7.5% to about 19.5%, by weight of the composition, of a perfume; from about 6% to about 18.5%, preferably from about 6.5% to about 17%, more preferably from about 7% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, of a hydrogenated solvent; and water.

[0153] The personal cleansing composition further comprises a weight ratio of surfactant to hydrogenated solvent greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably from 3.8 to 5.0.

[0154] The personal cleansing composition is structured, preferably with at least a portion of the composition being in a lamellar phase.

[0155] The lamellar phase of the personal cleansing composition is characterized by its rheological properties (G', G", tan delta), elasticity and microbirefringence.

[0156] Personal cleansing compositions may contain a microemulsion phase.

[0157] The personal cleansing composition may contain a microemulsion phase, wherein the microemulsion phase is in equilibrium with a lamellar phase.

[0158] Alternatively, the personal cleansing composition may also include a fragrance having a weight ratio of fragrance to surfactant of at least about 1.5:10, preferably from about 1.5:10 to about 5.5:10, more preferably from about 3:10 to about 5.5:10; and a hydrogenated solvent having a weight ratio of hydrogenated solvent to surfactant of at least about 2:10; and water between about 25% to about 50% by weight of the composition, wherein the personal cleansing composition has an elastic modulus G' at 1 Hz of about 100 Pa to about 2500 Pa according to the G' and G" test methods as disclosed herein.

[0159] In this alternative, the personal cleansing composition may also include a fragrance at a ratio of about 1.5:10 to 5.5:10 to surfactant, preferably about 2:10 to 5:10, more preferably about 3:10 to 5:10; a hydrogenated solvent at a ratio of about 2:10 to 3:9 to surfactant, preferably about 2:10 to 2.5:8, more preferably about 2:7 to 2:5; and water between about 25% to about 50% by weight of the composition, wherein the personal cleansing composition has an elastic modulus G' at 1 Hz of about 100 Pa to about 1000 Pa, preferably about 200 Pa to about 850 Pa, more preferably about 250 Pa to about 775 Pa, according to the test method disclosed herein.

[0160] Surfactants

[0161] Personal cleansing compositions contain surfactants. Surfactants can help provide cleaning benefits, foam properties, and rheological properties to the composition. Surfactants include primary surfactants and secondary surfactants.

[0162] The personal cleansing composition comprises from about 30% to about 55%, preferably from about 32% to about 52%, more preferably from about 35% to about 50%, most preferably from about 35% to about 46%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant, wherein the surfactant includes a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant.

[0163] The total weight percentage of surfactant in the composition previously mentioned includes the primary surfactant and any co-surfactants.

[0164] The personal cleansing composition may comprise a first surfactant at a level of from about 20% to about 48%, from about 25% to about 45%, or from about 30% to about 40%, or from about 31% to about 40%, or from about 36% to about 40%, by weight of the composition.

[0165] The first surfactant

[0166] The first surfactant as described herein can be used in a personal cleansing composition selected from the group consisting of a personal bar soap, a hand soap, a shower gel, a body wash or shower gel, a foaming body wash, and mixtures thereof.

[0167] The first surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants. Optionally, the first surfactant may consist essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants. The mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula I and surfactant isomers of Formula II:

[0168]

[0169] Where 10≤p≤11;

[0170] Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9;

[0171] wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium.

[0172] The first surfactant includes from about 37% to about 50% of a C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant includes a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate. The first surfactant includes from about 50% to about 63% of a C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant includes a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate. In addition, the first surfactant includes less than or equal to about 5% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant. The other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are preferably not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0173] 2-Alkyl branched or "beta" branched primary alkyl sulfates are sulfate surfactants having a branch at the C2 position. As shown in formula (II), the C1 position is at the carbon atom to which the sulfate moiety is covalently attached.

[0174] Preferably, the first surfactant may include from about 38% to about 49% of a C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate. The first surfactant may preferably include from about 51% to about 62% of a C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate. The first surfactant may include less than or equal to about 4% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0175] More preferably, the first surfactant may include from about 40% to about 49% of a C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate. The first surfactant may more preferably include from about 51% to about 60% of a C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate. The first surfactant may include less than or equal to about 4% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0176] Most preferably, the first surfactant may include from about 43% to about 46% of a C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate. The first surfactant may more preferably include from about 51% to about 57% of a C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate. The first surfactant may include less than or equal to about 3% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0177] Examples of first surfactants are commercially available under the trade name SURFACE ... Sulfated products obtained from 123A alcohol (see also Table 1).

[0178] In this example, the first surfactant includes about 45.2% by weight of the first surfactant, or, depending on the commercial batch from the starting alcohol, about 38% to about 48% of a C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant includes a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate (about 23.6% by weight of the first surfactant). The first surfactant includes about 51.9% by weight of the first surfactant, or, depending on the commercial batch from the starting alcohol, about 52% to about 62% of a C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant includes a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate (about 25.7% by weight of the first surfactant). The first surfactant includes about 2.9% by weight of the first surfactant, or, depending on the commercial batch (from the starting alcohol), less than about 3% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0179] In another example, the first surfactant may be a surfactant commercially available under the trade name SURFACTANT® supplied by Sasol Corporation. 123A alcohol obtained by the sulfated product. In this example as shown in Table 3, the first surfactant includes about 42.8% by weight of the first surfactant, or depending on the commercial batch from the starting alcohol, about 37% to about 48% of a C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant includes a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate. The first surfactant includes about 55.1% by weight of the first surfactant, or depending on the commercial batch from the starting alcohol, about 52% to about 63% of a C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant includes a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate. The first surfactant includes about 2.1% by weight of the first surfactant, or less than about 3% (or depending on the commercial batch from the starting alcohol) of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0180] According to the technical data information from the starting alcohol, the first surfactant includes about 37% to about 50%, preferably about 38% to about 49%, more preferably about 40% to about 49%, most preferably about 43% to about 46% of C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants include 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfates. The first surfactant includes about 50% to about 63%, preferably about 51% to about 62%, more preferably about 51% to about 60%, most preferably about 51% to about 57% of C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants include 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfates. In addition, the first surfactant includes less than or equal to about 5%, preferably less than or equal to about 4%, more preferably less than or equal to about 3% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant. The other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are preferably not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0181] The alcohol starting material can be analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC / FID).

[0182] Samples are typically evaluated by diluting the starting alcohol example to about 0.1% (v / v) in a volatile alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. The prepared sample (1 μL injection volume) is injected into a splitless inlet and an Agilent DB-1, 30m×0.250mm ID, 0.25 μm film thickness capillary GC column at 280°C. The H2 carrier gas is in a constant pressure mode of 0.68bar (10.00psi). The oven temperature program [50°C (2min), heating (10°C / min) to 300°C (3min)] has a total run time of 30 minutes. The flame ionization detection (FID) temperature is 320°C with 30mL / min H2 flow, 300mL / min air flow and 30mL / min supplemental (N2) flow.

[0183] Sulfation of the alcohol starting material does not change the alkyl chain distribution in the resulting first surfactant. The first surfactant as a sulfate can be separated and analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), and detected by both charged aerosol detection (CAD) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). However, the results shown in Table 2 are only indicative because the method has not yet been standardized. It is necessary to evaluate and quantify a variety of single and pure branched isomers by UHPLC-CAD to verify the method.

[0184] For the results of Table 2, a reverse gradient can be used so that the mobile phase composition at the two detectors is constant throughout the separation process, thereby ensuring that the analyte response will not be biased due to differences in the organic composition of the mobile phase during elution. The CAD response is structure-agnostic, and the electrospray ionization (ESI) MS response may also be affected by the analyte structure. The first surfactant as sulfate has a hard negative charge, which should minimize the change in the ionization efficiency of different branched and chain length types. When the chain length distribution is determined by both UHPLC-CAD and UHPLC-HRMS on the first surfactant embodiment 1, the ESIMS response is consistent. HRMS provides a molar response, and CAD provides a mass response. HRMS data can be converted into a mass response for comparison.

[0185] The relative chain length distributions of the starting alcohol and the resulting first surfactant comprising a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are identical with some typical marginal errors.

[0186] The first surfactant may have an average degree of branching of greater than about 90%, preferably greater than about 92%, more preferably about 92% to about 100%. Alternatively, the first surfactant may have an average degree of branching of from about 40% to about 60% by weight, preferably from about 45% to about 55% by weight, more preferably from about 46% to about 54% by weight, and most preferably from about 47% to about 54% by weight.

[0187] For example, the first surfactant may be a surfactant commercially available under the trade name SULFATE supplied by Sasol The sulfated product obtained from 123A alcohol has an average degree of branching of about 49.4%. Depending on the commercial batch of the starting alcohol, the first surfactant may have an average degree of branching of about 40 wt % to about 60 wt %, preferably about 45 wt % to about 55 wt %, more preferably about 46 wt % to about 54 wt %, and most preferably about 47 wt % to about 54 wt %.

[0188] As another aspect, the first surfactant may be a surfactant commercially available under the trade name SULFATE supplied by Sasol. The sulfated product obtained from 123A alcohol has an average branching degree of about 92.6%. Depending on the commercial batch of the starting alcohol, the first surfactant may have an average branching degree greater than about 90%, preferably greater than about 92%, and more preferably from about 92% to about 100%.

[0189] The C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant may be composed of: a) less than about 70% linear C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; b) greater than about 30% 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein; and c) less than about 10% other branched C12 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (a), (b) and (c) total about 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0190] In this aspect, the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate may include greater than about 25% 2-methylundecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; and about 25% or less 2-ethyldecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate.

[0191] Alternatively, the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate may include a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl chain and: greater than about 25% 2-methylundecyl by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl chain; and about 25% or less 2-ethyldecyl by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl chain.

[0192] C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant refers to an alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprising an alkyl chain consisting of 12 carbon atoms. Thus, for a blend of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants having an average chain length of 12 carbon atoms, only those alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprising a C12 alkyl chain fall within the definition of C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0193] For blends of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprising a mixture of different chain lengths (including a C12 alkyl subcomponent), independent of the average alkyl chain length, only the C12 alkyl subcomponent falls within the definition of C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0194] With respect to the specific degree and type of C2-branching, the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be comprised of: a) less than or equal to about 60% linear C12 alkyl sulfate, based on the weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; b) greater than or equal to about 40% 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, based on the weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and c) less than about 10% other branched C12 alkyl sulfates, based on the weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (a), (b) and (c) total about 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0195] Preferably, the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be composed of: a) from about 45% to about 55% of linear C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; b) from about 45% to about 55% of 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and c) from about 0% to about 5% of other branched C12 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (a), (b) and (c) add up to about 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0196] More preferably, the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be composed of: a) about 45% to 51% of linear C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; b) about 49% to about 55% of 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and c) about 0% to about 5% of other branched C12 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (a), (b) and (c) add up to about 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0197] When the first surfactant is commercially available under the trade name of The above characteristics can be illustrated when the sulfated product obtained from 123A alcohol is used.

[0198] Alternatively, for example when the first surfactant is a commercially available surfactant supplied by Sasol under the trade name When the sulfated product is obtained from 123A alcohol, the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be composed of: a) less than about 10%, preferably less than about 9%, more preferably from about 0% to about 8% of linear C12 alkyl sulfate, based on the weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; b) greater than about 90%, preferably greater than about 91%, more preferably from about 92% to about 100% of 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, based on the weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and c) from about 0% to about 5% of other branched C12 alkyl sulfates, based on the weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (a), (b) and (c) total about 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0199] In this aspect, the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate may include greater than about 25% 2-methylundecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; and about 25% or less 2-ethyldecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate.

[0200] In any case, the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate may include: greater than about 30% of 2-methylundecyl sulfate based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; less than about 20% of 2-ethyldecyl sulfate based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; less than about 20% of 2-propylnonyl sulfate based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; and greater than about 25% of 2-butyloctyl sulfate and 2-pentylheptyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfates based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate.

[0201] Preferably, the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate may include: about 30.5% to about 35% of 2-methylundecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; about 15% to about 19.5% of 2-ethyldecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; about 15% to about 19.5% of 2-propylnonyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; and about 26% to about 35% of 2-butyloctyl sulfate and 2-pentylheptyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfates, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate.

[0202] Alternatively, the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate may include: greater than about 30%, preferably about 30.5% to about 35%, of 2-methylundecyl by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl chain; less than about 20%, preferably about 15% to about 19.5% of 2-ethyldecyl by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl chain; less than about 20%, preferably about 15% to about 19.5% of 2-propylnonyl by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl chain; and greater than about 25%, preferably about 26% to about 35% of 2-butyloctyl and 2-pentylheptyl and other 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl groups by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl chain.

[0203] The distribution of 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate with 2-methyl-1-undecyl sulfate, 2-ethyl-1-decyl sulfate, 2-propyl-1-nonyl sulfate, 2-butyl-1-octyl sulfate, 2-pentyl-1-heptyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfates can be provided by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant or by weight of the first surfactant.

[0204] The C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant may be composed of: d) less than about 60% of linear C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, and e) greater than about 40% of 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and f) less than about 10% of other branched C13 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (d), (e) and (f) total about 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0205] In this aspect, the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate may include greater than about 30% 2-methyl dodecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate and about 25% or less 2-ethyl undecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate.

[0206] Alternatively, the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate may include a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl chain and: greater than about 30% 2-methyldodecyl by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl chain, and about 25% or less 2-ethylundecyl by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl chain.

[0207] C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants also refer to alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprising an alkyl chain consisting of 13 carbon atoms. Thus, for a blend of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants having an average chain length of 13 carbon atoms, only those alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprising a C13 alkyl chain fall within the definition of C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.

[0208] For blends of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprising a mixture of different chain lengths (including a C13 alkyl subcomponent), independent of the average alkyl chain length, only the C13 alkyl subcomponent falls within the definition of C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0209] With regard to the specific degree and type of C2-branching, the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be composed of: d) less than about 55% linear C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; e) greater than about 45% 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and f) less than about 10% other branched C13 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (d), (e) and (f) total about 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0210] Preferably, the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be composed of: d) from about 45% to about 54% of linear C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; e) from about 46% to about 55% of 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and f) from about 0% to about 5% of other branched C13 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (d), (e) and (f) add up to about 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0211] More preferably, the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be composed of: d) from about 48% to about 53% of linear C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; e) from about 47% to about 52% of 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and f) from about 0% to about 5% of other branched C13 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (d), (e) and (f) add up to about 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0212] When the first surfactant is commercially available under the trade name of The above characteristics can be illustrated when the sulfated product obtained from 123A alcohol is used.

[0213] Alternatively, for example when the first surfactant is a commercially available surfactant supplied by Sasol under the trade name When the sulfated product is obtained from 123A alcohol, the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be composed of: a) less than about 10%, preferably less than about 9%, more preferably from about 0% to about 8% of linear C13 alkyl sulfate, based on the weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; b) greater than about 90%, preferably greater than about 91%, more preferably from about 92% to about 100% of 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate, based on the weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and c) from about 0% to about 5% of other branched C13 alkyl sulfates, based on the weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein (a), (b) and (c) total about 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0214] In this aspect, the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate may include greater than about 30% 2-methyl dodecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate and about 25% or less 2-ethyl undecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate.

[0215] In any case, the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate may include: greater than about 30.5% of 2-methyldodecyl sulfate based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; less than about 20% of 2-ethylundecyl sulfate based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; less than about 20% of 2-propyldecyl sulfate based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and greater than about 25% of 2-butylnonyl sulfate and 2-pentyloctyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfates based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate.

[0216] Preferably, the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate may include: about 31% to about 40% of 2-methyldodecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; about 10% to about 18% of 2-ethylundecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; about 10% to about 18% of 2-propyldecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and about 26% to about 40% of 2-butylnonyl sulfate and 2-pentyloctyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfates, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate.

[0217] Alternatively, the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate may include: greater than about 30.5%, preferably about 31% to about 40%, of 2-methyldodecyl based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl chain; less than about 20%, preferably about 10% to about 18%, of 2-ethylundecyl based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl chain; less than about 20%, preferably about 10% to about 18%, of 2-propyldecyl based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl chain; and greater than about 25%, preferably about 26% to about 40%, of 2-butylnonyl and 2-pentyloctyl and other 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl groups based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl chain.

[0218] In addition, the distribution of 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate with 2-methyl-1-dodecyl sulfate, 2-ethyl-1-undecyl sulfate, 2-propyl-1-decyl sulfate, 2-butyl-1-nonyl sulfate, 2-pentyl-1-octyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfates can be provided by weight of the 2-branched C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, or by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant or by weight of the first surfactant.

[0219] Thus, the alkyl chains of the C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are highly branched and have a completely different alkyl branching distribution than other sulfates derived from complex branched alcohols such as, for example, those supplied by ExxonMobil Corporation under the name 13 Alcohol for sale.

[0220] The personal cleansing composition may be substantially free or free of alkoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants. Preferably, the personal cleansing composition may be substantially free or free of ethoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants.

[0221] The first surfactant may be substantially free or free of alkoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants. In other words, the first surfactant may have an average degree of alkoxylation of less than 0.5, less than 0.25, preferably less than 0.1, and more preferably no alkoxylation.

[0222] Preferably, the first surfactant may be substantially free or free of ethoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants. In other words, the first surfactant may have an average degree of ethoxylation of less than 0.5, less than 0.25, preferably less than 0.1, more preferably no ethoxylation.

[0223] The C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be substantially free of or free of alkoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants. In other words, the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may have an average degree of alkoxylation of less than 0.5, less than 0.25, preferably less than 0.1, and more preferably no alkoxylation.

[0224] Preferably, the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be substantially free of or free of ethoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants. In other words, the average ethoxylation degree of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be less than 0.5, less than 0.25, preferably less than 0.1, and more preferably no ethoxylation.

[0225] The C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be substantially free of or free of alkoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants. In other words, the average alkoxylation degree of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be less than 0.5, less than 0.25, preferably less than 0.1, and more preferably free of alkoxylation.

[0226] Preferably, the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be substantially free of or free of ethoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants. In other words, the average ethoxylation degree of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant may be less than 0.5, less than 0.25, preferably less than 0.1, and more preferably no ethoxylation.

[0227] The average degree of alkoxylation is the molar average degree of alkoxylation of all first or C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants (i.e., the molar average degree of alkoxylation). Therefore, when calculating the molar average degree of alkoxylation, the number of moles of first or C12 or C13 non-alkoxylated sulfate anionic surfactants is included:

[0228] Molar average alkoxylation degree = (x1*alkoxylation degree of surfactant 1 + x2*alkoxylation degree of surfactant 2 + ...) / (x1 + x2 + ...)

[0229] wherein x1, x2, . . . are the number of moles of each alkyl (or alkoxy) sulfate anionic surfactant of the mixture, and the degree of alkoxylation is the number of alkoxy groups in each alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0230] Suitable alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants can be prepared using the following method.

[0231] Alkyl sulfates are generally prepared by the reaction of fatty alcohols with sulfur trioxide (SO3) or its derivatives or by the reaction of unsaturated compounds with sulfuric acid. In particular, processes using sulfur trioxide are known for making alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants for use in detergent compositions.

[0232] Suitable sulfur trioxide derivatives include sulfur trioxide complexes such as chlorosulfonic acid, sulfuric acid or aminosulfonic acid. Sulfur trioxide is preferred because it tends to produce a purer product. The sulfation reaction is typically carried out in a continuous process using a cascade, falling film or tube bundle reactor, wherein sulfur trioxide is applied in an equimolar or small excess, typically in a temperature range of 20°C to 60°C, wherein the reaction temperature is determined at least in part by the solidification point of the fatty alcohol in the reaction. The reaction typically produces an acid form of the resulting alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, and the first surfactant herein is typically neutralized in a subsequent step using a base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diamines, polyamines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, amine-containing surfactants, and mixtures thereof.

[0233] In addition, it is well known that the method of sulfurizing fatty alcohol to produce alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant also produces various impurities. The exact nature of these impurities depends on the conditions of sulfation and neutralization. However, usually, the impurities of the sulfation process include one or more inorganic salts, unreacted fatty alcohol and olefins ("The Effect of Reaction By-Products on the Viscosities of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solutions," Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 55, No. 12, pp. 909-913 (1978), CF Putnik and SEM McGuire). The level of non-alkyl sulfate impurities in the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the present invention can be less than about 6% by weight, preferably less than about 4% by weight, and most preferably less than about 2% by weight based on the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0234] Additional anionic surfactant

[0235] The personal cleansing composition may comprise an additional anionic surfactant. The additional anionic surfactant may be a non-alkoxylated, preferably a non-ethoxylated anionic surfactant. The additional anionic surfactant is different from the first surfactant.

[0236] The additional anionic surfactant is different from the first surfactant and can be selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauryl sulfate, C10-15 alkyl ammonium sulfate, C11-15 alkyl ammonium sulfate, decyl ammonium sulfate, undecyl ammonium sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium lauric acid monoglyceride sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium C10-15 alkyl sulfate, sodium C11-15 alkyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, undecyl sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium laurate ... laurate monoglyceride sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium C10-15 alkyl sulfate, sodium C11-15 alkyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, undecyl sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate The invention relates to sodium alkyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium C10-15 alkyl sulfate, potassium C11-15 alkyl sulfate, potassium decyl sulfate, potassium undecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, sodium tridecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and combinations thereof.

[0237] Preferably, the additional anionic surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium undecyl sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium undecyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium undecyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and combinations thereof.

[0238] Most preferably, the additional anionic surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauryl sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate and combinations thereof, even more preferably sodium lauryl sulfate.

[0239] The personal cleansing compositions may comprise from about 0.5% to about 10%, preferably from about 1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 2% to about 6%, most preferably from about 2.5% to about 5.5%, by weight of the composition, of an additional anionic surfactant.

[0240] Auxiliary surfactant

[0241] The personal cleansing composition may include from about 1.5% to about 10%, preferably from about 3% to about 7.75%, more preferably from about 4.5% to about 6.5% of a co-surfactant by weight of the composition. The co-surfactant may be, for example, a zwitterionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or a combination thereof. Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants may include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609.

[0242] Additional amphoteric detersive surfactants suitable for use in personal cleansing compositions may include those surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, wherein the aliphatic radical may be straight or branched chain, and wherein the aliphatic substituent may contain from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, such that one carbon atom may contain a water-solubilizing anionic group, such as a carboxyl, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples of compounds falling within this definition may be sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-alkyltaurines (such as those prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,072), N-higher alkyl aspartic acids (such as those prepared according to the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 2,438,091), and the products described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,528,378. Other examples of amphoteric surfactants can include sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium lauroamphoacetate, disodium cocoamphoacetate, and mixtures thereof. Amphoacetates and diamphoacetates can also be used.

[0243] Zwitterionic surfactants suitable for use in personal cleansing compositions are well known in the art and include those broadly described as fatty quaternary ammonium, Those surfactants which are derivatives of onium and sulfonium compounds, wherein the aliphatic radical may be straight or branched chain, and wherein the aliphatic substituent may contain from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, such that one carbon atom may contain an anionic group, such as carboxyl, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate. Other zwitterionic surfactants may include betaines, such as alkyl betaines or alkylamidopropyl betaines, such as cocamidopropyl betaine.

[0244] Suitable nonionic surfactants for use in personal cleansing compositions may include those selected from the group consisting of alkyl ethoxylates, alkyl glucosides, polyglucosides (e.g., alkyl polyglucosides, decyl polyglucosides), polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkoxylated fatty acid esters, sucrose esters, amine oxides, or mixtures thereof. Some exemplary nonionic surfactants may include cocamide monoethanolamine, decyl glucoside, or combinations thereof.

[0245] As indicated above, the co-surfactant may include a combination of amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. One group of exemplary co-surfactants includes lauryl amphoacetate, lauroamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine, lauryl amine oxide, or a combination thereof.

[0246] Preferably, the auxiliary surfactant may include betaine, alkylamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, or a combination thereof.

[0247] The weight ratio of the first surfactant to the auxiliary surfactant may be from about 4:1 to about 20:1, preferably from about 5:1 to about 9:1, more preferably from about 6:1 to about 8:1, and most preferably from about 6.5:1 to about 7:1.

[0248] spices

[0249] The personal cleansing composition comprises a perfume.The personal cleansing composition comprises from about 4.5% to about 25%, preferably from about 7% to about 22%, more preferably from about 7.5% to about 19.5%, even more preferably from about 7.5% to about 15% perfume by weight of the composition.

[0250] The perfume may include solvents such as triethyl citrate, isopropyl myristate, dipropylene glycol, etc., to help, for example, the miscibility of perfume molecules with each other or to reduce costs. Typically, due to the low amount of perfume in the total composition, these perfume solvents provide minimal or negligible effects on the surfactant composition as a whole, and the amount of solvent in the perfume can be ignored. However, when the solvent in the perfume accounts for more than about 5% by weight of the total hydrogenated solvent in the cleaning composition, it should be explained. For example, when a perfume containing 10% hydrogenated solvent is added to the cleaning composition at a level of 10% by weight and the composition has 10% by weight of the added hydrogenated solvent, the 1% by weight hydrogenated solvent from the perfume is the cause of the 9% increase in the hydrogenated solvent in the cleaning composition (1 / 11). Since this is a change of more than 5% of the hydrogenated solvent in the composition, it may be important. In this case, the hydrogenated solvent from the perfume is added (mathematically) to the hydrogenated solvent from other sources added to the composition; and the perfume is considered to contain only fragrance molecules without solvents, and the solvent is subtracted from the perfume weight % in the composition.

[0251] In addition, the weight ratio of perfume to surfactant can affect the ability of the composition to provide enhanced fragrance benefits. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that at least some of the perfume benefits, such as richness and residual fragrance, are derived from rich perfumes based on their relationship with surfactants, which is at least partially due to the interaction of perfumes with surfactants when the composition is diluted. Perfumes can only be dissolved in surfactant micelles at about 25% by weight of surfactant. Above this level, the composition may become unstable unless steps are taken to form a phase that accepts rich perfumes. However, those phases that form perfume stability allow the composition to cycle back to a position where the perfume is bound and difficult to release within the composition.

[0252] Thus, the personal cleansing compositions may comprise from about 2% to about 90%, preferably from about 4% to about 70%, more preferably from about 5% to about 50%, even more preferably from about 8% to about 60%, even more preferably from about 10% to about 50%, even more preferably from about 12% to about 40%, or still even more preferably from about 15% to about 35%, or most preferably from about 20% to about 30%, of perfume, by weight of surfactant.

[0253] The fragrance may have a fragrance to surfactant weight ratio of less than or equal to about 6:10, preferably from about 1.5:10 to about 5.5:10, more preferably from about 2:10 to about 5:10, even more preferably from about 3:10 to about 5:10.

[0254] Perfumes typically contain a wide range of perfume molecules (PRMs) with different properties. It is an oversimplification to place all perfumes in a perfume in a specific location such as the core of a microemulsion. The real situation is more complex, with perfume molecules in a dynamic equilibrium and structures such as micelles and microemulsions permeable. In addition, some perfume molecules may be favored in the surfactant tail or even in the aqueous phase rather than in the microemulsion core. In short, all perfume molecules within a perfume mixture do not behave the same. Certain generalizations are useful to explain observed behavior without inferring that all molecules in a perfume behave the same. For our purposes, multiple perfume molecules in a perfume mixture are analyzed by averaging or summarizing their performance.

[0255] Hydrogenated solvents

[0256] The personal cleansing composition comprises a hydrogenated solvent.The personal cleansing composition comprises from about 6% to about 18.5%, preferably from about 6.5% to about 17%, more preferably from about 7% to about 15%, most preferably from about 9% to about 13%, by weight of the composition, of a hydrogenated solvent.

[0257] The hydrogenation solvent may be selected from the group consisting of glycerol, dipropylene glycol (glycol ether), diethylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, heptanediol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of less than about 500, or a combination thereof. An example of polyethylene glycol is PEG 300. Isomers are included in the general descriptive solvents listed, for example, butanediol is meant to include 1,2-butanediol, and 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol. When the solvent is a solid in pure form (e.g., 1,6-hexanediol), they are meltable during the preparation process and are effective hydrogenation solvents.

[0258] The hydrogenated solvent may preferably be a diol containing 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 4 carbon atoms. The hydrogenated solvent may preferably be a diol selected from the group consisting of hexanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, heptanediol, propylene glycol and mixtures thereof.

[0259] Alternatively, the hydrogenated solvent may preferably be a glycol ether containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms.The hydrogenated solvent may preferably be a glycol ether selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, and a mixture thereof.

[0260] Preferably, the hydrogenation solvent may be selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, propylene glycol, and combinations thereof.

[0261] More preferably, the hydrogenation solvent may be selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, pentylene glycol, propylene glycol, and combinations thereof.

[0262] Even more preferably, the hydrogenation solvent may be selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol (glycol ether), pentylene glycol, propylene glycol, and combinations thereof.

[0263] Most preferably, the hydrogenation solvent may include dipropylene glycol.

[0264] The personal cleansing compositions may preferably comprise from about 6% to about 18.5%, preferably from about 6.5% to about 17%, more preferably from about 7% to about 15%, most preferably from about 9% to about 13%, by weight of the composition, of dipropylene glycol.

[0265] In addition, the personal cleansing composition may include from about 7% to about 60%, or from about 10% to about 55%, or from about 12% to about 50%, or from about 14% to about 48%, or from about 17% to about 45%, or from about 20% to about 42%, or from about 25% to about 40%, or from about 30% to about 35% hydrogenated solvent by weight of the surfactant. For example, an exemplary cleaning composition would have 11.7% hydrogenated solvent by weight of the composition and 45.4% surfactant by weight of the composition. The hydrogenated solvent level can be expressed as a percentage of the surfactant because the solvent molecules can be bonded to the surfactant molecules.

[0266] Intermediate levels of hydrogenated solvent can be used to deliver exemplary rheological and perfume delivery properties. Thus, the hydrogenated solvent can be from about 15% to about 40%, preferably from about 17% to about 35%, more preferably from about 20% to about 30%, expressed as a weight percent of the surfactant.

[0267] The weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent of the hydrogenated solvent may be greater than or equal to about 2.7, or from about 2.7 to about 5.0, or greater than or equal to about 2.8, or greater than or equal to about 2.9, or greater than or equal to about 3.0, or preferably greater than or equal to about 3.1 or from about 3.1 to about 5.0, or greater than or equal to about 3.2 or from about 3.2 to about 5.0, or from about 3.5 to about 5.0, more preferably greater than or equal to about 3.8 or even more preferably from about 3.8 to about 5.0.

[0268] The weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent of the hydrogenated solvent may be greater than or equal to about 2.7, preferably about 2.7 to about 5.0, more preferably about 3.1 to about 5.0, even more preferably about 3.2 to about 5.0, most preferably about 3.8 to about 5.0, wherein the hydrogenated solvent may be selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, butanediol, pentylene glycol, propylene glycol and combinations thereof, preferably dipropylene glycol.

[0269] It has been discovered that when the personal cleansing composition comprises the stated levels of surfactant, the first surfactant, and the specific weight ratio of surfactant to hydrogenated solvent as previously described, the composition is structured as a rigid gel and can deliver fragrance to the skin.

[0270] water

[0271] The personal cleansing composition comprises water. Water can be added with other components or can be added in the form of free water. The personal cleansing composition can include from about 1.5% to about 59.5%, or from about 9% to about 54.5%, or from about 15.5% to about 50.5%, or from about 18% to about 50%, or from about 25% to about 45% water by weight of the composition.

[0272] Alternatively, the personal cleansing composition may comprise from about 25% to 50%, from about 28% to about 45%, from about 30% to about 40%, by weight of the composition, of water.

[0273] Alternatively, the personal cleansing composition may comprise from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 12% to about 45%, more preferably from about 20% to about 40%, by weight of the composition, of water.

[0274] In addition, the total weight percentage of water and hydrogenated solvent can help define the amount of solvent phase in which the microemulsion or surfactant structure is distributed. Due to the proximity of the surfactants, the total amount of solvent phase (approximately the additive inverse of the surfactant level) is a key driver of the surfactant phase. Therefore, the composition can include a combination of water and hydrogenated solvents in an amount of about 5% to about 75%, about 15% to about 60%, about 25% to about 55%, about 30% to about 53% by weight of the composition.

[0275] The pH of the personal cleansing composition may be from about 5 to about 7, preferably from about 5.5 to 6.5.

[0276] Rheology - Viscoelasticity and Viscosity

[0277] The rheological properties of a personal cleansing composition can be characterized by viscoelastic parameters and viscosity. The rheology of a composition can be defined by its G' and G" values, which are related to the structure of the composition. G' and G" are measured according to the rheological properties discussed herein, the so-called G' and G" test methods. G' and G" describe the elastic response and viscous response of a personal cleansing composition to applied stress, thereby characterizing how the material behaves when dispensed from a bottle, resting on a consumer tool or hand, and how the product spreads when applied. It also affects consumer perception of the product, for example, a product with a low G' value flows too easily when used and is associated with consumer perception and can be perceived as diluted. In contrast, a product with a high G' is associated with a concentrated personal cleansing product in consumer perception. At least a portion of the personal cleansing composition is in a lamellar phase.

[0278] The personal cleansing composition may be a structured and shelf-stable gel and have an elastic modulus G' at 1 Hz of from about 30 Pa to about 2500 Pa. Preferably, the personal cleansing composition may be a structured and stable gel and have an elastic modulus G' at 1 Hz of from about 100 Pa to about 2000 Pa, more preferably from about 250 Pa to about 1500 Pa, even more preferably from about 250 Pa to about 1200 Pa, and most preferably from about 250 Pa to about 775 Pa, according to the G' and G" test methods as disclosed herein.

[0279] Most preferably, the personal cleansing composition can be a structured and stable gel and has a tan δ of less than or equal to about 0.40, or 0.25, or 0.15, or 0.10, preferably a tan δ of about 0.01 to about 0.10, more preferably a tan δ of about 0.03 to about 0.10, even more preferably a tan δ of about 0.05 to about 0.10, and most preferably a tan δ of about 0.07 to about 0.10, according to the G' and G" test methods as disclosed herein.

[0280] Additionally, the personal cleansing composition should have a viscosity sufficient to permit its dispensing from the package onto an implement or directly onto the skin.At least a portion of the personal cleansing composition is in the lamellar phase.

[0281] The viscosity of the personal cleansing composition is measured according to the rheological properties discussed herein, the so-called G' and G" test methods. The viscosity of the personal cleansing composition at about 0.10 1 / s can be from about 10 Pa.s to about 1200 Pa.s; from about 20 Pa.s to about 1000 Pa.s, from about 30 Pa.s to about 500 Pa.s or from about 40 Pa.s to about 300 Pa.s.

[0282] Alternatively, the personal cleansing composition can have a viscosity of from about 1 Pa.s to about 30 Pa.s; from about 1 Pa.s to about 20 Pa.s, from about 1 Pa.s to about 15 Pa.s, or from about 1 Pa.s to about 10 Pa.s at about 10 1 / s.

[0283] The composition may also be high shear thinning, having a viscosity ratio, which is the ratio of the viscosity at 10 1 / s divided by the viscosity at 0.10 1 / s, of less than about 0.20, or 0.10, or even less than 0.05.

[0284] additive

[0285] Personal cleansing compositions may include additives. Additives are materials that are at least partially soluble in the fragrance. It is believed that additives that are at least partially soluble in the fragrance will also exhibit deposition benefits. At least about 5 wt %, or at least about 10 wt %, or at least about 20 wt % of additives that are miscible with the fragrance can be used to increase the delivery of the additive to the skin. Some examples of material classes that are soluble in fragrances are skin actives, vitamins, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, chelating agents, or combinations thereof.

[0286] Examples of skin actives that may be included are sunscreens; anti-acne medications; antioxidants; skin soothing agents, skin healing agents; essential oils, skin sensitizers, anti-wrinkle medications, or mixtures thereof. Some examples of skin soothing agents may include, for example, aloe vera, allantoin, bisabolol, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, or combinations thereof.

[0287] Examples of vitamins that may be included are vitamin A (e.g., beta carotene, retinoic acid, retinol, retinoids, retinyl palmitate, retinyl propionate, etc.), vitamin B (e.g., niacin, niacinamide, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, etc.), vitamin C (e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.), vitamin D (e.g., ergosterol, ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol, etc.), vitamin E (e.g., tocopherol acetate, tocopherol nicotinate, etc.), vitamin K (e.g., vitamin K1 (phytonadione), vitamin K3 (menadione), phthiocol, etc.), or combinations thereof.

[0288] Examples of antibacterial and / or antifungal agents that may be included are glycolic acid, lactic acid, phytic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, zinc pyrithione, octopirox (octopirox olamine), climbazole, ketoconazole, magnalol, hinokitiol, honokitiol, thymol, terpineol, essential oils, or combinations thereof.

[0289] Examples of chelating agents that may be included are 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (AEP), N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid (PMIDA), 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP), phytic acid, nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic acid (NIP), 2-hydroxypyridine oxide (HPNO), or combinations thereof.

[0290] The personal cleansing composition may comprise from about 1% to 20%, from about 2% to about 10%, or from about 3% to about 8%, by weight of the composition, of additives.

[0291] Hydrophobic Oil

[0292] The personal cleansing composition may include a hydrophobic oil. The hydrophobic oil may contribute to the formation of a microemulsion phase due to its low solubility in the micellar fence layer, to further enhance aggregation and deposition on the skin. The personal cleansing composition may include about 0% to 25%, about 2% to about 20%, or about 3% to about 15% hydrophobic oil by weight of the composition. Exemplary hydrophobic oils may include, for example, isopropyl myristate, isostearyl isostearate, behenyl behenate, triglycerides such as soybean oil, hydrocarbons such as mineral oil, or combinations thereof.

[0293] preservative

[0294] Liquid cleaning compositions typically have a high water activity (i.e., about 0.95 or greater). Water activity describes the availability of water within a composition to support various chemical and biological processes that require water. Compositions with high water activity can allow microbial growth, and therefore generally utilize preservatives. For example, bacteria can grow at a water activity of about 0.90 or higher, and fungi can grow at a water activity of about 0.70 or higher. Below these water activities, microorganisms generally dehydrate and die.

[0295] The personal cleansing composition can have a relatively low water activity, less than about 0.90. The relatively low water activity allows the composition to naturally resist the growth of microorganisms and thus utilize little or even no preservatives. In addition, the use of high levels (5% by weight or more) of glycols, such as dipropylene glycol, can also help prevent the growth of microorganisms and further support the composition requiring little or even no preservatives.

[0296] Thickener

[0297] The personal cleansing composition may include from about 0.1% to about 4% thickener by weight of the composition. Preferred thickeners are hydrophilic, such as cellulose derivatives, hydrophobically modified celluloses, starches and starch derivatives, polyacrylates, including hydrophobically modified polyacrylates and polyacrylamides, bacterial polymers such as xanthan gum, gums and plant gums such as guar gum, insoluble thickeners such as cellulose.

[0298] soap

[0299] The personal cleansing compositions described herein may further comprise soap.

[0300] Package

[0301] The personal cleansing composition can be dispensed from a squeezable package with an aperture, such as a conventional body wash or shampoo package. The package can be a compact package, i.e., containing a volume of less than about 250 ml, or 200 ml, or 150 ml to indicate that the contents are concentrated. The shear-thinning composition can be dispensed from a package with a slit valve aperture or other flexible aperture, typically cut from a silicone elastomeric material and inserted into the aperture housing.

[0302] When the composition has a relatively low viscosity, preferably less than about 0.25 Pa.s at 10 1 / s, it may be dispensed from a foaming pack, such as a pump foamer. The composition may also be dispensed from a liquid pump pack.

[0303] method

[0304] In addition to the above-mentioned composition elements and parameters, it is believed that there are some inventive benefits and / or uses of the composition, which are shown in the following method. For the sake of brevity, all the above-mentioned composition elements and parameters are not repeated herein, but can be used in the relevant method.

[0305] A method for providing a stable or improved stable gel of a personal cleansing composition, the method comprising, combining i) from about 30% to about 55%, preferably from about 32% to about 52%, more preferably from about 35% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant, wherein the surfactant comprises a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, wherein the first surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, optionally wherein the first surfactant consists essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, wherein the mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula I and surfactant isomers of Formula II:

[0306]

[0307] Where 10≤p≤11;

[0308] Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9;

[0309] wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; wherein the first surfactant comprises: from about 37% to about 50%, preferably from about 38% to about 49%, more preferably from about 40% to about 49%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; from about 50% to about 63%, preferably from about 51% to about 62%, more preferably from about 51% to about 60%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably less than or equal to about 4% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants;

[0310] ii) from about 4.5% to about 25%, preferably from about 7% to about 22%, more preferably from about 7.5% to about 19.5%, by weight of the composition, of fragrance;

[0311] iii) from about 6% to about 18.5%, preferably from about 6.5% to about 17%, more preferably from about 7% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, of a hydrogenated solvent; and

[0312] iv) water;

[0313] wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent is greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably from 3.8 to 5.0; wherein the composition is structured, preferably at least a portion of the composition is in the lamellar phase.

[0314] A method for providing a similar or thicker foam to a personal cleansing composition, the method comprising, combining; i) from about 30% to about 55%, preferably from about 32% to about 52%, more preferably from about 35% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant, wherein the surfactant comprises a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, wherein the first surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, optionally wherein the first surfactant consists essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, wherein the mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula I and surfactant isomers of Formula II:

[0315]

[0316] Where 10≤p≤11;

[0317] Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9;

[0318] wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; wherein the first surfactant comprises: from about 37% to about 50%, preferably from about 38% to about 49%, more preferably from about 40% to about 49%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; from about 50% to about 63%, preferably from about 51% to about 62%, more preferably from about 51% to about 60%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably less than or equal to about 4% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants;

[0319] ii) from about 4.5% to about 25%, preferably from about 7% to about 22%, more preferably from about 7.5% to about 19.5%, by weight of the composition, of fragrance;

[0320] iii) from about 6% to about 18.5%, preferably from about 6.5% to about 17%, more preferably from about 7% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, of a hydrogenated solvent; and

[0321] iv) water;

[0322] wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent is greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably from 3.8 to 5.0; wherein the composition is structured, preferably at least a portion of the composition is in the lamellar phase.

[0323] A method of providing similar or enhanced fragrance or in vitro intensity or fragrance persistence of a personal cleansing composition, the method comprising, combining a first surfactant and a hydrogenated solvent, comprising: i) from about 30% to about 55%, preferably from about 32% to about 52%, more preferably from about 35% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant, wherein the surfactant comprises a first surfactant and a co-surfactant, wherein the first surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, optionally wherein the first surfactant consists essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, wherein the mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a surfactant isomer of Formula I and a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula II:

[0324]

[0325] Where 10≤p≤11;

[0326] Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9;

[0327] wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; wherein the first surfactant comprises: from about 37% to about 50%, preferably from about 38% to about 49%, more preferably from about 40% to about 49%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; from about 50% to about 63%, preferably from about 51% to about 62%, more preferably from about 51% to about 60%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably less than or equal to about 4% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants;

[0328] ii) from about 4.5% to about 25%, preferably from about 7% to about 22%, more preferably from about 7.5% to about 19.5%, by weight of the composition, of fragrance;

[0329] iii) from about 6% to about 18.5%, preferably from about 6.5% to about 17%, more preferably from about 7% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, of a hydrogenated solvent;

[0330] wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent is greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably 3.8 to 5.0; and water to obtain a personal cleansing composition containing a microemulsion phase; and then diluting the personal cleansing composition with water at a weight ratio of water to composition of about 2:1 to about 10:1, preferably about 3:1 to about 10:1, more preferably about 5:1 to about 8:1, to form a rinse-off microemulsion cleansing composition

[0331] The rinse-off microemulsion cleaning composition may have a G' at 1 Hz of about 100 Pa to about 2500 Pa. When the total GCMS counts are measured at zero dilution according to the PHADD method, the total GCMS counts of the composition may be higher than the total GCMS counts of the control in which the hydrogenated solvent is replaced with water. The composition may have a total GCMS count of about 10% more than the control, 15%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250% or even 300% more than the control.

[0332] use

[0333] In addition to the above-mentioned composition elements and parameters, it is believed that there are some inventive benefits and / or uses of the composition, which are shown in the following uses. For the sake of brevity, all the above-mentioned composition elements and parameters are not repeated herein, but can be used in the relevant uses.

[0334] Use of a personal cleansing composition as described herein to provide a stable or improved stable and rigid gel.

[0335] Use of a first surfactant in a personal cleansing composition as described above to provide a stable or improved stable gel. The personal cleansing composition has an elastic modulus G' of about 100 Pa to about 2500 Pa at 1 Hz according to the G' and G" test method as disclosed herein.

[0336] Use of a first surfactant in a personal cleansing composition as described above to provide improved foam stability.

[0337] Use of a first surfactant in a personal cleansing composition as described above to provide similar or thicker foam.

[0338] Use of a combination of a first surfactant and a co-surfactant in a personal cleansing composition as described above for providing similar or denser foam, wherein the ratio of the weight percentage of the first surfactant to the weight percentage of the co-surfactant is 4: 1 to 20: 1, preferably 5: 1 to 9: 1, more preferably 6: 1 to 8: 1. Preferably, the co-surfactant may include betaine, alkylamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine and combinations thereof.

[0339] The combination of the first surfactant and the hydrogenated solvent in the personal cleansing composition as described above provides similar or enhanced in vitro body for use in the personal cleansing composition.

[0340] The combination of the first surfactant and the hydrogenated solvent in the personal cleansing composition as described above provides similar or enhanced fragrance persistence on the skin for use in the personal cleansing composition.

[0341] The combination of the first surfactant and the hydrogenated solvent in the personal cleansing composition as described above provides the use of a similar or enhanced scent to the personal cleansing composition prior to use.

[0342] The combination of the first surfactant and the hydrogenated solvent in the personal cleansing composition as described above provides for the use of a similar or enhanced scent on the skin of the personal cleansing composition upon initial application.

[0343] Test Method

[0344] It should be understood that the test methods disclosed in the Test Methods section of this application should be used to determine the corresponding parameter values ​​of Applicants' invention as described and claimed herein.

[0345] Test Method

[0346] a) G' and G" test methods

[0347] To measure the viscoelasticity, viscous modulus (G"), and elastic modulus (G') of personal care compositions, a rheometer, such as an AR G2 rheometer (TA Instruments, DE, USA), is used, which has a serrated plate upper geometry with a diameter of 40 mm and a serrated plate lower geometry, which uses Peltier heating / cooling to control the temperature. Approximately 2 grams of the personal care composition is placed on the lower test geometry, and the upper geometry is lowered to a gap of 1050 microns, the geometry is locked and the excess composition is wiped off to create a uniform surface around the edge of the geometry, and then continued to a 1 mm measuring gap. The oscillation test is performed in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz, using a constant oscillating strain of 0.5% and a temperature of 25°C, collecting 5 points per decade. Tan δ is calculated as the ratio of G" / G'.

[0348] G' and G" (Pa) were recorded at a frequency of 1 Hz.

[0349] b) Centrifuge test

[0350] A composition is considered structured when it does not separate into two or more visible layers or phases when centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 25°C in a standard benchtop swinging rotor.

[0351] c) Viscosity method

[0352] To measure the viscosity of the personal care composition, a rheometer set up as described above is used, such as an AR G2 rheometer (TA Instruments, DE, USA). A continuous flow test is performed at 25°C, the shear rate is controlled and the shear rate is increased from 0.01 1 / s to 100 1 / s over a period of 3 minutes, the test is run in logarithmic mode and 15 points are collected every decade. The viscosity (Pa.s) at the shear rate of interest is recorded, for the samples herein, we report the viscosity at a shear rate of about 0.10 1 / sec and about 11 / sec, interpolating as necessary to obtain the value at the shear rate. The data are fitted to

[0353] The Carreau viscosity model is used and the zero shear viscosity (Pa.s) is reported.

[0354] d) Flavor headspace abundance during dilution method (PHADD)

[0355] 1) Flavor headspace abundance of pure products

[0356] Unless otherwise stated, all laboratory instruments were operated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The following equipment was used: 20 mL headspace vials from Gerstel (Baltimore, MD); timer; gas chromatograph (GC) Agilent 6890 model and Gerstel MPS-2 autosampler; GC column J&W DB5-MS: 30 m×0.25 mm ID, 1.0 μm film thickness, obtained from Agilent Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, DE., USA; carrier gas of ultrapure helium, about 1 mL / min flow rate; solid phase microextraction injection port liner (0.75 mm ID) from Supelco; and mass selective detector model 5973 obtained from Agilent Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA, with a source temperature of about 230° C. and a MSQuad temperature of about 150° C.

[0357] 1 gram of cleaning composition is placed in a clean 20mL headspace vial and a stirring rod is added to the vial. A polytetrafluoroethylene cap is placed on the vial and tightened by hand. The sample is balanced to establish a balance of the fragrance molecules between the composition and the headspace. This usually takes at least 30 minutes at room temperature. The sample is then analyzed using an automatic solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (SPME-GC-MS) analysis system.

[0358] Transfer the sample vials to the autosampler tray to start analysis. Start the order of sample loading and analysis. Each sample vial is taken out by the autosampler to the incubation chamber and kept at 30°C for 1 minute. The SPME fiber assembly is DVB / CAR / PDMS (50 / 30μm, 24ga, 1cm length). The sampling time is 1 minute. Stir the sample at 500rpm during SPME sampling. After sampling, the SPME fiber is injected into the GC syringe. The syringe temperature is about 270°C.

[0359] GC-MS analysis was started. The SPME desorption time was about 5 minutes. The following temperature program was used: i) an initial temperature of about 50°C was maintained for 0.5 minutes, and ii) the initial temperature was increased at a rate of about 8°C / min until a temperature of about 275°C was reached, and maintained at about 275°C for 2.5 minutes. The John Wiley & Sons and National Institute of Standards and Technology purchased and licensed by Agilent were used.

[0360] The fragrance compounds were identified using the MS spectral library of NIST. The chromatographic peaks for specific ions were integrated using MassHunter software obtained from Agilent Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA. To calculate the fragrance headspace abundance, all area counts for the fragrance molecules were added together.

[0361] 2) Dilute the fragrance headspace abundance of the product

[0362] For flavor headspace abundance of diluted products, the method described above for neat products was used, except 1.0 g of product was combined with sufficient aqueous phase to achieve the desired dilution level, typically between (0.5 g to 5 g), a magnetic stir bar was added to each vial, and after the caps were in place, the vials were stirred via the magnetic bar for at least 30 minutes to equilibrate.

[0363] e) Perfumed Skin Headspace Abundance Method (PSHAM)

[0364] Unless otherwise stated, all laboratory instruments were operated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The following equipment was used: a stir bar adsorption extraction sampling device - Gerstel Twister, 2 cm length, 1 mm PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) phase thickness; a glass sampling cup with a magnet to hold the Twister during sampling - about 35 mL volume; a timer; a gas chromatograph (GC) Agilent 7890 model and a Gerstel MPS-2 autosampler with a thermal desorption unit (TDU) and a temperature programmable inlet with on-column cooling (CIS-4); a GC column J&W DB5-MS, 30 m×0.25 mm ID, 1.00 μm film thickness, obtained from Agilent Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA; a carrier gas of ultrapure helium, about 1 mL / min flow rate; liquid nitrogen for cryogenic cooling of the injection port; a Gerstel TDU injection port liner with glass wool; and ... The detector was a Model 5975 Mass Selective Detector from OptiFlex Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA, with a source temperature of about 230°C and a MS Quad temperature of about 150°C.

[0365] Collect headspace samples from the panelist's arm that has been washed with the test product and / or control. The wash protocol includes: 1) adjust the water temperature to about 37.8°C (100°F) and adjust the water flow rate to about 1 gallon / minute; 2) rinse the arm under the water stream for about 5 seconds; 3) apply a known weight of product to a puff that has been pre-wetted with water for 5 seconds; 4) lather the foam product in the puff by hand for 10 seconds; 5) wash the entire forearm for 15 seconds using a back and forth motion, then wait for about 15 seconds; 6) rinse the arm under the water stream for about 15 seconds; 7) dry the forearm with a paper towel; and then 8) perform sensory evaluation or analytical sampling. The Twister device is held inside the sampling cup with a magnetic force while the cup is placed against the panelist's arm for 3 minutes. The Twister is then transferred to a thermal desorption tube and capped with a transfer adapter.

[0366] To begin the analysis, the Twister transport tube is transferred to the autosampler tray and subjected to TDU-GC-MS analysis. The order of samples that need to be analyzed is established and the order of sample loading and analysis is started. In this step, the Twister transport tube is sent to the thermal desorption unit by the autosampler, where it is heated to about 250°C and maintained at this temperature for about 5 minutes. The fragrance material thermally desorbed from the Twister is captured by the liquid nitrogen cooled inlet, which is maintained at about -120°C during desorption. The programmable temperature inlet is then heated to 275°C and maintained at this temperature for 3 minutes.

[0367] Start the GC-MS analysis run and start the GC temperature program with mass spectrometer detection. Use the following temperature program: i) maintain an initial temperature of about 50°C for 0.5 minutes, and ii) increase the initial temperature at a rate of about 8°C / min until a temperature of about 275°C is reached, and maintain it at about 275°C for 5 minutes. Use the MS spectral library of John Wiley & Sons and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) purchased and authorized by Agilent to identify fragrance compounds. Use MassHunter software obtained from Agilent Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA to integrate the chromatographic peaks of specific ions. The fragrance abundance in the headspace on the skin is calculated by adding the area counts of all fragrance molecules. The relative increase in the fragrance abundance in the headspace using the test product compared to the control product is obtained by the ratio of the total peak area counts. The PSHAM measurement can be repeated on the target surface at a later time interval to test the fragrance persistence on the skin. These time intervals can be any desired, for example, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, etc. after the initial application.

[0368] f) Graduated cylinder method

[0369] Foam can be measured according to the graduated cylinder method. Use a graduated cylinder with a scale and a rotating mechanical device to measure the foam volume. Use a 1,000 ml graduated cylinder with a scale, which is marked in 10 ml increments, has a height of 14.5 inches from the inside of its bottom to the 1,000 ml mark, and has a bottleneck (e.g., Pyrex No. 2982) at its top that is adapted for an inline plastic cap. Moderate hard water (about 7 gpg or about 120 ppm) is prepared by dissolving 1.14 grams of calcium chloride dihydrate and 1.73 grams of magnesium chloride hexahydrate in one U.S. gallon of distilled water. The water is kept between 40.5°C and 43.3°C (105°F to 110°F). Heat the graduated cylinder to about the same temperature by rinsing it with excess tap water of the same temperature for about 15 seconds, then dry its outside, and briefly shake it up and down to dry the inside. 100.0 grams of the desired temperature of moderate hard water is weighed directly into the graduated cylinder. The graduated cylinder is clamped in a mechanical rotating device, which vertically clamps the graduated cylinder to the position of the center of the graduated cylinder across its axis of rotation. Using a 3- or 4-position measuring balance, the plastic cover for the graduated cylinder is inverted on the balance pan, and the clamp is used to keep the cover horizontal, and the 0.500 gram composition (0.250 gram composition of the weighing composition being greater than or equal to 19% surfactant) of the composition is weighed with an accuracy within 4 milligrams. The cover is inserted into the graduated cylinder neck, and all compositions are now carefully placed in the space inside the graduated cylinder. With regard to the composition having very low viscosity, not remaining on the cover surface, 500mg composition can be directly added to the graduated cylinder. Rotate the graduated cylinder 25 full turns at a rate of about 10 turns per 18 seconds to produce foam, and stop in the vertical position of the horizontal state. When the graduated cylinder stops in the vertical position, start the digital stopwatch. Observe the drainage at the bottom, and when the water height is measured to be 50cc, then 60cc, then 70cc, etc., until at least 90cc has been discharged, record the time and be accurate to the second. Measure and record the total height of the foam inside the column, which is the foam volume. If the top surface of the foam is uneven, the lowest height in the middle of the cross section of the graduated cylinder that may be seen is taken as the foam volume (ml). If the foam is coarse, so that a single or only a few foam cells ("bubbles") span the entire graduated cylinder, the height at which at least about 10 foam cells are required to fill the space is taken as the foam volume, also in ml from the bottom up. When measuring the foam height, bubbles greater than about 25.4mm (1 inch) across the top surface are considered free air rather than foam. The measurement is repeated, and the results of at least three times are averaged to obtain the foam volume. In a spreadsheet, calculate the foam density at each observed time point as the foam volume (total height minus water height) divided by the foam weight (100.5 grams minus the observed water weight, using a water density of 1.00 g / cc).Fit the 3 time points closest to (and ideally including) 20 seconds to a second order polynomial equation. Solve the equation for the foam density at 20 seconds, which is the foam density of the composition. Multiply the foam volume by the foam density to obtain the foam mass in grams.

[0370] The entire measurement process should take less than about 3 minutes in order to maintain the desired temperature.

[0371] g) Aging stability test

[0372] The composition was filled into 118.3 mL (4 fl. oz.) glass jars with minimal headspace and capped and placed in a dark room maintained at 40° C. for 3 months. The composition was stable if there was minimal visual evidence of phase separation and the viscosity changed less than about 90% from the initial viscosity.

[0373] Example

[0374] The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the scope of the present invention. These examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Applicable ingredients herein are identified by chemical name or CTFA name, unless otherwise defined below.

[0375] Examples of Suitable Alkyl Sulfate Anionic Surfactants and Their Synthesis :

[0376] The following are representative and non-limiting examples of suitable first surfactants including mixtures of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, including non-limiting methods of synthesis from corresponding starting alcohols. The corresponding starting alcohols include corresponding mixtures of C12 and C13 alcohols.

[0377] Using the above method with sulfur trioxide, the starting alcohols described below as Alcohol Example 1 and Alcohol Example 2 were commercially available and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC / FID) as indicated below:

[0378] Samples are typically evaluated by diluting the starting alcohol example to about 0.1% (v / v) in a volatile alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. The prepared sample (1 μL injection volume) is injected into a splitless inlet and an Agilent DB-1, 30m×0.250mm ID, 0.25 μm film thickness capillary GC column at 280°C. The H2 carrier gas is in a constant pressure mode of 0.68bar (10.00psi). The oven temperature program [50°C (2min), heating (10°C / min) to 300°C (3min)] has a total run time of 30 minutes. The flame ionization detection (FID) temperature is 320°C with 30mL / min H2 flow, 300mL / min air flow and 30mL / min supplemental (N2) flow.

[0379] Non-limiting starting alcohols are:

[0380] Alcohol Example 1. Commercially available from Sasol under the trade name 123A alcohol.

[0381] Alcohol Example 2. Commercially available from Sasol under the trade name 123A alcohol.

[0382] First Surfactant Example 1. Synthesis of the First Surfactant Alkyl Sulfate Using a Falling Film Sulfation Reactor Salt

[0383] The alcohol from alcohol Example 1 was sulfated in a falling film using SO3 generated from a sulfur combustion gas facility using a Chemithon single 15 mm x 2 m tube reactor operated with 2.4 kg / h (5.3 lb / h) sulfur to produce 3.56% SO3 by volume. The alcohol feed rate was 14.2 kg / h (31.33 lb / hr) and the feed temperature was 37.8°C (100°F). Conversion of the alcohol to an alcohol sulfuric acid mixture was achieved at 97.75% completion. Neutralization with 50% sodium hydroxide was completed at ambient process temperature to achieve 0.55% excess sodium hydroxide. 124.9 L (33 gallons) of sodium neutralized first surfactant sulfate paste. The final average product activity was 69.8% as determined by analysis of the standard cationic SO3 titration method.

[0384] First Surfactant Example 2. Synthesis of Another First Surfactant Alkane Using a Falling Film Sulfation Reactor Base Sulfate

[0385] First Surfactant Example 2 was prepared from the alcohol from Alcohol Example 2 using the same protocol as First Surfactant Example 1. The final average product activity was determined by analysis by standard cationic SO3 titration method to be 28.3%.

[0386] The effect of the type of branching within the alkyl chain of a first surfactant comprising a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants on performance in personal cleansing formulations with respect to gel stability, structural characteristics, foam stability, miscibility and perfume benefit was evaluated according to the test methods described above.

[0387] Test Materials :

[0388] The relative performance of the first surfactant comprising a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants was determined based on the starting alcohols summarized in Table 1. Starting alcohol Example 1 in Table 1 comprises or consists essentially of C12 and C13 alkyl chains. Alcohol Example 1 used to prepare the first surfactant in the composition of the present invention has a branching type as described in the claims and is prepared according to the preparation method described herein.

[0389] Example 1 of alcohol can be trade name 123A alcohol was purchased from Sasol and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC / FID) as described above. The alkyl chain distribution is provided in Table 1.

[0390] Table 1: Alkyl chain distribution of starting alcohol Example 1. 123A alcohol is commercially available from Sasol

[0391]

[0392]

[0393] 1 Based on the weight of the starting alcohol

[0394] 2 By weight of C12 alcohol

[0395] 3 Based on the weight of 2-alkyl branched C12 alcohol

[0396] 4 By weight of C13 alcohol

[0397] 5 Based on the weight of 2-alkyl branched C13 alcohol

[0398] 6 Such as alcohol isomers having alkyl chain lengths other than 12 or 13 carbons.

[0399] The starting alcohol Example 1 of Table 1 was separately sulfated in a pilot facility according to the method described above to provide a first surfactant Example 1. The resulting alkyl sulfate distribution (Table 2) was retained and corresponded to the alkyl chain distribution described for alcohol Example 1 in Table 1. The data shown in Table 2 are indicative only, as measured by a UHPLC-CAD method that has not been standardized.

[0400] Table 2: From the supply of Sasol 123A alcohols obtained include C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anions Indicative alkyl chain distribution of the first surfactant of a mixture of sub-surfactants

[0401]

[0402]

[0403] 1 By weight of the first surfactant

[0404] 2 By weight of C12 alkyl sulfate

[0405] 3 By weight of 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate

[0406] 4 By weight of C13 alkyl sulfate

[0407] 5 By weight of 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate

[0408] 6 Such as isomers having alkyl chain lengths other than 12 or 13 carbons.

[0409] Example 2 of alcohol can be trade name 123A alcohol was purchased from Sasol and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC / FID) as described above. The alkyl chain distribution is provided in Table 3.

[0410] Starting alcohol Example 2 of Table 3 was separately sulfated in a pilot plant according to the method described above to provide a first surfactant Example 2. The resulting alkyl sulfate distribution was retained and corresponded to the alkyl chain distribution described for alcohol Example 2.

[0411] Table 3: Alkyl chain distribution of starting alcohol example 2. 123A alcohol is commercially available from Sasol have to

[0412] Alcohol Example 2 Alkyl chain length C12 <![CDATA[Total C12 alcohol 1 > 42.8％ Alkyl chain length C13 <![CDATA[Total C13 alcohol 1 > 55.1％ <![CDATA[Other 1,6 > 2.1％ <![CDATA[TOTAL 1 ]]> 100％ Degree of branching 92.6％

[0413] Compare the first surfactant

[0414] A comparative branched alkyl C13 alkyl sulfate was prepared as a comparative first surfactant from tridecyl alcohol. Tridecyl alcohol can be used as 13 is commercially available from ExxonMobil Corporation.

[0415] Comparative branched alkyl C13 alkyl sulfates were prepared according to the following method: SO3 generated from a sulfur combustion gas facility was used to convert the product available under the trade name of 13 Tridecyl alcohol commercially available from ExxonMobil Corporation was sulfated in a falling film, sulfur-fired gas facility operating at 2.4 kg / h (5.3 lb / h) sulfur to produce 3.56% SO3 by volume. The alcohol feed rate was 14.2 kg / h (31.33 lb / hr) and the feed temperature was 37.8°C (100°F). Conversion of the alcohol to an alcohol sulfuric acid mixture was achieved at 97.75% completion. Neutralization with 50% sodium hydroxide was accomplished at ambient process temperature to achieve 0.55% excess sodium hydroxide. 124.9 L (33 gallons) of sodium neutralized first surfactant sulfate paste. The final average product activity was determined to be about 29% by analysis by standard cationic SO3 titration method.

[0416] The resulting comparative branched alkyl C13 alkyl sulfate was further concentrated to 69% to 71% active and used in attempts to prepare concentrated personal cleansing compositions.

[0417] The resulting comparative branched alkyl C13 alkyl sulfate had two phases, as confirmed by microscopy: a fuzzy birefringent texture was observed, with a relatively high level of dispersed crystalline phases (spheres with a birefringent cross pattern). It is common for materials to have crystalline phases at ambient temperature. This requires heating for transportation and storage. However, even at 65°C, the comparative branched alkyl C13 alkyl sulfate remained in two phases.

[0418] The rheology of the comparative branched alkyl C13 alkyl sulfate appears to make it unsuitable for manufacture and commercial use. It is a gel with a somewhat hard texture at all temperatures evaluated, which means that it would be difficult to manufacture into the claimed personal cleansing composition.

[0419] Furthermore, it is worth noting that, on a large scale, it is almost impossible to manufacture comparative branched alkyl C13 alkyl sulfates because they do not have fluid rheology, as phase separation occurs at the end of the sulfation process. Therefore, a better first surfactant selection is required to be able to cause the personal cleansing composition to be a stable and rigid gel.

[0420] The following compositions were prepared and evaluated. First, a personal cleansing composition was prepared using First Surfactant Example 1. First Surfactant Example 1 is a sulfated product prepared from Alcohol Example 1, which is available under the trade name 123A alcohol was purchased from Sasol.

[0421] Composition (wt%)

[0422]

[0423] Composition (wt%)

[0424]

[0425] Composition (weight %)

[0426]

[0427] Composition (weight %)

[0428]

[0429] It has been found that compositions with an elastic modulus G' of about 100 Pa at 1 Hz do not include a significant lamellar phase and have no phase separation. For example, Example 3 provides a stable gel with a stable lamellar phase because Example 3 has no phase separation and has an elastic modulus G' of 448 Pa. The same observations can be found in Examples 4 and 5.

[0430] In some cases, the composition can have an elastic modulus G' of less than about 100 Pa (such as Example 6) and still provide an acceptable lamellar phase. Example 6 appears to be a shelf-stable gel when the elastic modulus G' is about 25 Pa to less than 90 Pa at 1 Hz.

[0431] like Figure 1 It has been shown that a personal cleansing composition comprising a surfactant comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant as defined herein needs to include:

[0432] from about 30% to about 55%, preferably from about 32% to about 52%, more preferably from about 35.5% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant;

[0433] from about 4.5% to about 25%, preferably from about 7% to about 22%, more preferably from about 7.5% to about 19.5%, by weight of the composition, of fragrance;

[0434] From about 6% to about 18.5%, preferably from about 6.5% to about 17%, more preferably from about 7% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, of a hydrogenated solvent; and water.

[0435] Furthermore, the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent needs to be greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably 3.8 to 5.0.

[0436] The personal cleansing composition is then structured. At least a portion of the composition may be in the lamellar phase. Thus, the personal cleansing composition is a stable and rigid gel, and is relatively concentrated.

[0437] Such stable and rigid gels may have a lamellar structure. The resulting personal cleansing composition has a relatively high content of perfume and a specific level of hydrogenated solvent. The claimed personal cleansing composition can then deliver a relatively high perfume level to the skin.

[0438] In other words, the personal cleansing composition is structured.The composition may have a lamellar composition including a relatively high level of perfume which may be delivered to the skin during cleansing due to the combination of surfactant and hydrogenated solvent as described above.

[0439] The lamellar phase can be close to a microemulsion and / or the personal cleansing composition can have a microemulsion phase in equilibrium with the lamellar phase.

[0440] Thus, the personal cleansing composition may not necessarily be in a single microemulsion phase. The personal cleansing composition may comprise two phases, one of which is a microemulsion and the other of which is a lamellar phase.

[0441] Thus, the personal cleansing composition itself need not be a microemulsion or diluted into a microemulsion, but a portion of the personal cleansing composition can be a microemulsion.

[0442] When diluted during use by a consumer, the personal cleansing composition is diluted into a microemulsion that delivers relatively high perfume levels to the skin.

[0443] As another example, the following compositions were prepared and evaluated. A personal cleansing composition was prepared using First Surfactant Example 2. First Surfactant Example 2 was a sulfated product prepared from Alcohol Example 2, which is available under the trade name 123A alcohol was purchased from Sasol.

[0444] Composition (wt%)

[0445]

[0446]

[0447] Composition (weight %)

[0448]

[0449] Composition (wt%)

[0450]

[0451]

[0452] The same findings were obtained using the first surfactant example 2 as when using the first surfactant example 1 (see also Figure 2 ).

[0453] Examples 20-23 also have relatively low tan deltas, indicating that the personal cleansing compositions are even better structured than the comparative compositions having higher tan deltas.

[0454] Spice headspace abundance during dilution

[0455] In addition to a micellar control (comprising sodium lauryl sulfate), two personal cleansing compositions, Example A and Example B, were prepared using First Surfactant Example 1.

[0456] Each composition was diluted with deionized water in a water:composition weight ratio of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.5. The compositions tested were as follows:

[0457]

[0458] As described above, the GC-MS headspace on the composition during the dilution step was measured using the Perfume Headspace Abundance During Dilution Method (PHADD) as an indication of fragrance delivery during consumer use.

[0459] Typically, micellar compositions such as conventional body washes deliver little fragrance to the skin, and micellar compositions dilute to lower headspace GCMS concentrations. In contrast, microemulsions rearrange the location of fragrance and surfactants, resulting in increased headspace concentrations of many perfume raw materials (PRMs). During dilution, significantly increased headspace concentrations relative to neat, undiluted compositions indicate microemulsion behavior.

[0460] As used herein, the term "fragrance raw material" refers to a fragrance material or aromatic. A fragrance raw material is characterized by its boiling point (BP) and its octanol / water partition coefficient (P). The octanol / water partition coefficient of a PRM is the ratio of its equilibrium concentration in octanol and in water. The partition coefficient of a PRM used in a composition can be more conveniently given in the form of its logarithm LogP to the base 10. As used herein, the term "ClogP" refers to the calculated logP ("ClogP") value of a PRM. ClogP is determined by a model that directly calculates the octanol-water partition coefficient (logP or logKow) of a general organic molecule based on molecular structure. LogP is a measure of the distribution of a solute between two immiscible liquid phases (octanol and water) and is generally used as a relative measure of the hydrophobicity of a solute. One method of calculating the LogP of a PRM is to use the ACD / Labs LogP software module from Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. Details of logP calculations can be found on the ACD / Labs website (https: / / www.acdlabs.com / products / percepta / predictors / logp / ). The LogP values ​​of the PRMs are calculated using the ACD / Labs LogP software module. Alternatively, it should be understood that another suitable method for measuring LogP is to use the "ClogP" program (e.g., ClogP Version 4.0 and Manual, 1999) from BioByte Corp. CLOG P User's Guide, Version 4.0, BioByte Corp (1999) (http: / / www.bio-byte.com / bb / prod / clogp40.html). Another suitable method for measuring LogP is to use the CLOGP program from Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc., Alison Viejo, CA. CLOGP Reference Manual, Daylight Version 4.9, Release Date February 1, 2008.

[0461] result

[0462] Figure 3 and Figure 4 Shown are the average headspace responses of 70 fragrance molecules grouped into low, medium and high logP, which are generally proportional to 1 / volatility. Results are normalized to the initial, undiluted composition. Micellar Control Body Wash ( Figure 3 ) showed typical headspace behavior: dilution with water reduced the concentration of the fragrance raw material and it was significantly less in the headspace. The lowest logP PRMs (which by definition are the most water soluble) were reduced the most.

[0463] Figure 4 It is shown that for microemulsion prone compositions, the Example A composition has elevated PRM concentrations for the medium and high logP PRMs, indicating the formation of a microemulsion. Similar results were obtained using Composition Example B.

[0464] Dilution decreased most of the water soluble PRMs but increased the more hydrophobic PRMs, indicating a rearrangement of the solvent environment of the dissolved fragrance, leading to its higher concentration, which indicates the formation of microemulsions, where these PRMs migrate to form the microemulsion core.

[0465] Figure 5 The personal cleansing compositions shown including a primary surfactant are normalized to micellar formulations rather than pure undiluted to illustrate the differences these types of compositions exhibit compared to normal body washes.

[0466] The claimed personal cleansing composition has two benefits: (1) the composition is structured so that when it is diluted there is microemulsion behavior which increases the fragrance impact, and (2) there is also more fragrance present in the composition compared to micelles. These two benefits combine to give an overall consumer benefit.

[0467] exist Figure 5 In , PRM data were individually indexed to micellar formulations by dividing and then averaging the headspace concentrations.

[0468] The claimed personal cleansing compositions are substantially greater than micellar body wash performance and provide superior in-use performance.

[0469] Figure 6 A bar graph showing the sum of all 70 PRM GC-MS headspace counts. Each bar is also labeled with its relative response to its own undiluted control. More perfume in the personal cleansing compositions Example A and Example B also increases the headspace PRMs.

[0470] A characteristic of personal cleansing compositions diluted into microemulsions is that the distribution behavior of different PRMs to different locations in the microemulsion produces different PRM responses depending on the location of each PRM distribution. Microemulsions can be described by a pseudophase model with three different compartments: a hydrophobic core, a surfactant film, and an outer aqueous compartment. PRMs can be distributed to (i) an aqueous compartment on the outside, (ii) a palisade layer in the surfactant chain, or (iii) a central core region (for microemulsions only). In compartments (i) and (ii), the PRMs will be diluted by water and surfactants as "solvents", thereby reducing the chemical potential and the perfume impact will be lower. Although there are general trends, such as the core region being the most hydrophobic and the aqueous compartment being the most hydrophilic, it is impossible to predict the location of 70 unique PRMs as a mixture in these compositions. The GC-MS headspace response gives us an indirect understanding of the solvent environment of individual PRMs.

[0471] Additional embodiments / combinations

[0472] A. A personal cleansing composition comprising: i) from 30% to 55%, preferably from 32% to 52%, more preferably from 35% to 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant, wherein the surfactant comprises a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, wherein the primary surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, optionally wherein the primary surfactant consists essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants; wherein the mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula I and surfactant isomers of Formula II:

[0473]

[0474] wherein 10≤p≤11; wherein 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9; wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; wherein the first surfactant comprises: 37% to 50%, preferably 38% to 49%, more preferably 40% to 49% of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; 50% to 63%, preferably 51% to 62%, more preferably 51% to 60% of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to 5% of other alkyl sulfates by weight of the first surfactant. alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, preferably less than or equal to 4% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant is not a C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; ii) from 4.5% to 25%, preferably from 7% to 22%, more preferably from 7.5% to 19.5% of perfume by weight of the composition; iii) from 6% to 18.5%, preferably from 6.5% to 17%, more preferably from 7% to 15% of a hydrogenated solvent by weight of the composition; and iv) water; wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent is greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably from 3.8 to 5.0; wherein the composition is structured, preferably at least a portion of the composition is in a lamellar phase.

[0475] B. The personal cleansing composition according to paragraph A, wherein the personal cleansing composition is a shelf-stable gel, preferably a stable gel; and according to the G' and G" test methods as disclosed herein, the elastic modulus G' at 1 Hz is from about 30 Pa to about 2500 Pa, preferably from about 100 Pa to about 2000 Pa, more preferably from about 250 Pa to about 1500 Pa, even more preferably from about 250 Pa to about 1200 Pa, and most preferably from 250 Pa to 775 Pa.

[0476] C. A personal cleansing composition according to any preceding paragraph, wherein the first surfactant has an average degree of branching greater than 90 wt% or from 40 wt% to 60 wt%, preferably from 45 wt% to 55 wt%, more preferably from 46 wt% to 54 wt%, most preferably from 48 wt% to 54 wt%.

[0477] D. A personal cleansing composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant consists of: a) less than about 10%, preferably less than about 9%, more preferably from about 0% to about 8% of linear C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; b) greater than about 90%, preferably greater than about 91%, more preferably from about 92% to about 100% of 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant. , wherein the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than about 25% 2-methylundecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; and about 25% or less 2-ethyldecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; and c) from about 0% to about 5% other branched C12 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein a), b) and c) total about 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0478] E. A personal cleansing composition according to any of paragraphs A to C, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant is composed of: a) less than 70% linear C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; b) greater than 30% 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than 25% 2-methylundecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; and 25% or less 2-ethyldecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; and c) less than 10% other branched C12 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein a), b) and c) total 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0479] F. A personal cleansing composition according to paragraph E, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant is composed of: a) less than or equal to 60%, preferably 45% to 55%, more preferably 45% to 51% of the linear C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; b) greater than or equal to 40%, preferably 45% to 55%, more preferably 49% to 55% of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and c) less than 10%, preferably 0% to 5% of other branched C12 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein a), b) and c) add up to 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0480] G. A personal cleansing composition according to any of paragraphs E to F, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than 30%, preferably 30.5% to 35% of 2-methylundecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; less than 20%, preferably 15% to 19.5% of 2-ethyldecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; less than 20%, preferably 15% to 19.5% of 2-propylnonyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; and greater than 25%, preferably 26% to 35% of 2-butyloctyl sulfate and 2-pentylheptyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfates, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate.

[0481] H. A personal cleansing composition according to paragraph D, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant consists of: d) less than about 10%, preferably less than about 9%, more preferably from about 0% to about 8% of a linear C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, and e) greater than about 90%, preferably greater than about 91%, more preferably from about 92% to about 100% of a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein The 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than about 30% of 2-methyl dodecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate, and about 25% or less of 2-ethyl undecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and f) about 0% to about 5% of other branched C13 alkyl sulfates, based on the weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein d), e) and f) total about 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0482] I. A personal cleansing composition according to any of paragraphs E to G, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant is composed of: d) less than 60% linear C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, and e) greater than 40% 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than 30% 2-methyl dodecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate, and 25% or less 2-ethyl undecyl sulfate by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and f) less than 10% other branched C13 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein d), e) and f) total 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0483] J. A personal cleansing composition according to paragraph I, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant is composed of: d) less than 55%, preferably 45% to 54%, more preferably 48% to 53% of the linear C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; e) greater than 45%, preferably 46% to 55%, more preferably 47% to 52% of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and f) less than 10%, preferably 0% to 5% of other branched C13 alkyl sulfates by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; wherein d), e) and f) add up to 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

[0484] K. A personal cleansing composition according to any of paragraphs I to J, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than 30.5%, preferably 31% to 40% 2-methyldodecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; less than 20%, preferably 10% to 18% 2-ethylundecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; less than 20%, preferably 10% to 18% 2-propyldecyl sulfate, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and greater than 25%, preferably 26% to 40% 2-butylnonyl sulfate and 2-pentyloctyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfates, based on the weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate.

[0485] L. A personal cleansing composition according to any preceding paragraph, wherein the personal cleansing composition is substantially free of or free of alkoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants; preferably wherein the personal cleansing composition is substantially free of or free of ethoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants.

[0486] M. A personal cleansing composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the surfactant further comprises from 2.5% to 10%, preferably from 3% to 7.75%, more preferably from 4.5% to 6.75% of a co-surfactant by weight of the composition, wherein the co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and combinations thereof, preferably wherein the co-surfactant comprises betaine, alkylamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine or combinations thereof.

[0487] N. A personal cleansing composition according to any preceding paragraph, wherein the weight ratio of the first surfactant to the auxiliary surfactant is from 4:1 to 20:1, preferably from 5:1 to 9:1, more preferably from 6:1 to 8:1.

[0488] O. A personal cleansing composition according to any preceding paragraph, wherein the composition comprises from 6.5% to 59%, preferably from 16% to 54.5%, more preferably from 25% to 45%, by weight of the composition, of water.

[0489] P. A personal cleansing composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the hydrogenated solvent is selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, heptanediol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of less than 500, and combinations thereof, preferably dipropylene glycol.

[0490] Q. A personal cleansing composition according to any preceding paragraph, wherein at least a portion of the composition becomes a microemulsion upon dilution with 3: 1 by weight (water:composition) to 10: 1 by weight (water:composition) water.

[0491] R. A method of providing similar or enhanced in vitro body or fragrance skin deposition of a rinse-off microemulsion cleansing composition, the composition comprising a synergistic combination of a first surfactant and a hydrogenated solvent, comprising: i) from 30% to 55%, preferably from 32% to 52%, more preferably from 35% to 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant, wherein the surfactant comprises a first surfactant and a co-surfactant, wherein the first surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, optionally wherein the first surfactant consists essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants; wherein the mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a surfactant isomer of Formula I and a mixture of surfactant isomers of Formula II:

[0492]

[0493] wherein 10≤p≤11; wherein 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9; wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of: lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; wherein the first surfactant comprises: 37% to 50%, preferably 38% to 49%, more preferably 40% to 49% of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; 50% to 63%, preferably 51% to 62%, more preferably 51% to 60% of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of the first surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to 5% of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants by weight of the first surfactant, preferably less than or equal to 5% by weight of the first surfactant. ii) from 4.5% to 25%, preferably from 7% to 22%, more preferably from 7.5% to 19.5% of perfume by weight of the composition; iii) from 6% to 18.5%, preferably from 6.5% to 17%, more preferably from 7% to 15%, of a hydrogenated solvent by weight of the composition; wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent is greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.0, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably from 3.8 to 5.0; and water to obtain a personal cleansing composition containing a microemulsion phase; and then diluting the personal cleansing composition with water in a water to composition weight ratio of 2:1 to 10:1, preferably 3:1 to 10:1, more preferably 5:1 to 8:1, to form a rinse-off microemulsion cleansing composition.

[0494] The dimensions and values ​​disclosed herein should not be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values ​​cited. Instead, unless otherwise indicated, each such dimension is intended to represent the stated value and a functionally equivalent range around that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm".

[0495] Unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited, each document cited herein, including any cross-referenced or related patent or application, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art to any of the present invention disclosed or claimed herein, or that it, by itself or in combination with any one or more references, proposes, suggests, or discloses any such invention. In addition, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this invention conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this invention shall govern.

[0496] Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is intended that all such changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention be covered in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A personal cleaning composition, comprising: (i) from 30% to 55%, preferably from 32% to 52%, more preferably from 35% to 50% by weight of the composition of a surfactant, The surfactant comprises a first surfactant and an auxiliary surfactant, wherein the first surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, optionally wherein the first surfactant consists essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, wherein the mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of formula I and surfactant isomers of formula II: Where 10≤p≤11; Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9; wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; Wherein the first surfactant comprises: 37% to 50%, preferably 38% to 49%, more preferably 40% to 49% of said C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of said first surfactant, wherein said C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; 50% to 63%, preferably 51% to 62%, more preferably 51% to 60%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to 5% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably less than or equal to 4% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants; (ii) from 4.5% to 25%, preferably from 7% to 22%, more preferably from 7.5% to 19.5% by weight of the composition of fragrance; (iii) from 6% to 18.5%, preferably from 6.5% to 17%, more preferably from 7% to 15% by weight of the composition of a hydrogenated solvent; and (iv) water; wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent is greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably 3.8 to 5.0; Wherein the composition is structured, preferably at least a portion of the composition is in the lamellar phase.

2. The personal cleansing composition according to claim 1, wherein the personal cleansing composition is a shelf stable gel, preferably a stable gel, and has an elastic modulus G' at 1 Hz of from about 30 Pa to about 2500 Pa, preferably from about 100 Pa to about 2000 Pa, more preferably from about 250 Pa to about 1500 Pa, even more preferably from about 250 Pa to about 1200 Pa, most preferably from 250 Pa to 775 Pa according to the G' and G" test methods as disclosed herein.

3. A personal cleansing composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first surfactant has an average degree of branching of greater than 90 wt% or from 40 wt% to 60 wt%, preferably from 45 wt% to 55 wt%, more preferably from 46 wt% to 54 wt%, most preferably from 47 wt% to 54 wt%.

4. A personal cleansing composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant consists of: (a) less than 10% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, Preferably less than 9%, more preferably 0% to 8% linear C12 alkyl sulfate; (b) greater than 90%, preferably greater than 91%, more preferably from 92% to 100%, by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, of a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate comprises: Greater than 25% by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate of 2-methylundecyl sulfate; and 25% or less, by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, of 2-ethyldecyl sulfate; and (c) 0% to 5% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of other branched C12 alkyl sulfates; wherein a, b and c add up to 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

5. The personal cleansing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant consists of: (a) less than 70% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, linear C12 alkyl sulfate; (b) greater than 30% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of a 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate comprises: Greater than 25% by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate of 2-methylundecyl sulfate; and 25% or less, by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, of 2-ethyldecyl sulfate; and (c) less than 10% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of other branched C12 alkyl sulfates; wherein a, b and c add up to 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

6. The personal cleansing composition according to claim 5, wherein the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant consists of: (a) less than or equal to 60%, preferably from 45% to 55%, more preferably from 45% to 51% of said linear C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of said C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; (b) greater than or equal to 40%, preferably from 45% to 55%, more preferably from 49% to 55%, of said 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate by weight of said C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and (c) less than 10%, preferably 0% to 5%, by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, of other branched C12 alkyl sulfates; wherein a, b and c add up to 100% by weight of the C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

7. The personal cleansing composition according to claim 6, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than 30%, preferably 30.5% to 35%, by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, of 2-methylundecyl sulfate; less than 20%, preferably 15% to 19.5%, by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, of 2-ethyldecyl sulfate; Less than 20%, preferably 15% to 19.5%, by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate, of 2-propyl nonyl sulfate; and Greater than 25%, preferably 26% to 35% by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate of 2-butyloctyl sulfate and 2-pentylheptyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfates.

8. The personal cleansing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant consists of: (d) less than 10% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, Preferably less than 9%, more preferably 0% to 8% linear C13 alkyl sulfate, and (e) greater than 90%, preferably greater than 91%, more preferably from 92% to 100%, by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, of 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than 30% by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate of 2-methyl dodecyl sulfate and 25% or less by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate of 2-ethyl undecyl sulfate; and (f) 0% to 5% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of other branched C13 alkyl sulfates; The total of d, e and f is 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

9. The personal cleansing composition according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of the first surfactant consists of: (d) less than 60% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of linear C13 alkyl sulfate, and (e) greater than 40% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of a 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than 30% by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate of 2-methyl dodecyl sulfate and 25% or less by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate of 2-ethyl undecyl sulfate; and (f) less than 10% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of other branched C13 alkyl sulfates; The total of d, e and f is 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

10. The personal cleansing composition according to claim 9, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant consists of: (d) less than 55%, preferably from 45% to 54%, more preferably from 48% to 53% of said linear C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of said C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; (e) greater than 45%, preferably from 46% to 55%, more preferably from 47% to 52% of said 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate by weight of said C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant; and (f) less than 10%, preferably 0% to 5%, by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, of other branched C13 alkyl sulfates; The total of d, e and f is 100% by weight of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.

11. The personal cleansing composition according to claim 10, wherein the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate comprises: greater than 30.5%, preferably 31% to 40%, by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate, of 2-methyl dodecyl sulfate; less than 20%, preferably 10% to 18%, by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate, of 2-ethyl undecyl sulfate; Less than 20%, preferably 10% to 18%, by weight of said 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate, of 2-propyldecyl sulfate; and Greater than 25%, preferably 26% to 40% by weight of the 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate of 2-butyl nonyl sulfate and 2-pentyl octyl sulfate and other 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfates.

12. A personal cleansing composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the personal cleansing composition is free or substantially free of ethoxylated anionic sulfate surfactants.

13. A personal cleansing composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the surfactant further comprises from 2.5% to 10%, preferably from 3% to 7.75%, more preferably from 4.5% to 6.75%, by weight of the composition, of a co-surfactant; wherein the co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and combinations thereof.

14. The personal cleansing composition according to claim 13, wherein the weight ratio of the first surfactant to the auxiliary surfactant is 4:1 to 20:1, preferably 5:1 to 9:1, more preferably 6:1 to 8:1; wherein the auxiliary surfactant comprises betaine, alkylamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine or a combination thereof.

15. The personal cleansing composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises a microemulsion phase, wherein the microemulsion phase is in equilibrium with a lamellar phase.

16. The personal cleansing composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrogenated solvent is selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, heptanediol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of less than 500, and combinations thereof, preferably dipropylene glycol.

17. A method of providing similar or enhanced in vitro body or fragrance skin deposition of a rinse-off microemulsion cleansing composition, the method comprising a combination of a first surfactant and a hydrogenated solvent, the combination comprising: (i) from 30% to 55%, preferably from 32% to 52%, more preferably from 35% to 50% by weight of the composition of a surfactant, The surfactant comprises a first surfactant and an auxiliary surfactant, wherein the first surfactant comprises a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, optionally wherein the first surfactant consists essentially of a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, wherein the mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants comprises a mixture of surfactant isomers of formula I and surfactant isomers of formula II: Where 10≤p≤11; Where 8≤m+n≤9 and 0≤m, n≤9; wherein X is a counter cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium, preferably sodium; Wherein the first surfactant comprises: 37% to 50%, preferably 38% to 49%, more preferably 40% to 49% of said C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant by weight of said first surfactant, wherein said C12 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises 2-alkyl branched C12 alkyl sulfate; 50% to 63%, preferably 51% to 62%, more preferably 51% to 60%, by weight of the first surfactant, of the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, wherein the C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises 2-alkyl branched C13 alkyl sulfate; and less than or equal to 5% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably less than or equal to 4% by weight of the first surfactant of other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, preferably wherein the other alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants are not C12 or C13 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants; (ii) from 4.5% to 25%, preferably from 7% to 22%, more preferably from 7.5% to 19.5% by weight of the composition of fragrance; (iii) 6% to 18.5%, preferably 6.5% to 17%, more preferably 7% to 15% by weight of the composition of a hydrogenated solvent; wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the hydrogenated solvent is greater than or equal to 2.7, preferably greater than or equal to 3.1, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, even more preferably 3.8 to 5.0; and water, to obtain a personal cleansing composition comprising a microemulsion phase; The personal cleansing composition is then diluted with water in a water to composition weight ratio of 2:1 to 10:1, preferably 3:1 to 10:1, more preferably 5:1 to 8:1, to form a rinse-off microemulsion cleansing composition.

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