Method for increasing tomato yield by using precise fertilizer and water application

Abstract

The invention provides a method for increasing the tomato yield by using precise fertilizer and water application, and relates to the technical field of tomato planting.The method for increasing the tomato yield by using precise fertilizer and water application comprises the following steps that the tomato growth period is divided into a seedling period, a flowering period and a fruiting period, and base fertilizer is evenly scattered on the surface of soil; the method comprises the following steps: applying 300-400kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 15-20kg of calcium superphosphate, 10-30kg of urea and 3-5kg of zinc sulfate to each mu of land, digging planting ditches, transplanting tomato seedlings with 3-4 true leaves into the planting ditches, carrying out primary topdressing 4-5 days after tomato planting, applying 50-60kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, 7-10kg of calcium superphosphate, 8-12kg of urea, 1-2kg of borax and 2-5kg of microbial agent to each mu of land, and carrying out secondary topdressing 4-5 days after tomato planting, the soil humidity in the seedling stage is 70%-75%, the soil humidity in the flowering stage is 65%-72%, and the soil humidity in the fruiting stage is 78%-85%, and according to the method, different fertilizer types are applied in different topdressing times, fertilization is more accurate, and therefore the purpose of promoting better growth of tomato plants is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tomato planting, and in particular to a method for increasing tomato yield by using precise fertilization and watering. Background Art

[0002] Tomato is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Solanum in the Solanaceae family. The genetically modified tomatoes are bright red in color, the fruits are hard and not easy to crack, the tomato stems are easy to lodging, the leaves are pinnate, the base is wedge-shaped, relatively oblique, and have irregular serrations, the corolla is radial, yellow, the lobes are narrow and oblong, the berries are oblate or nearly spherical, fleshy and juicy, orange or bright red, with a smooth surface, the flowering and fruiting period is summer and autumn, the seeds are yellow and covered with soft hairs.

[0003] Tomatoes are rich in vitamin C and lycopene, both of which are powerful antioxidants that can remove free radicals in the body, reduce the damage of free radicals to the skin, and help maintain the youthfulness and radiance of the skin. Antioxidant ingredients can also inhibit the conversion of melanin in the body, help inhibit the formation of spots on the skin surface, and make the skin whiter. Due to the low sweetness of tomatoes, tomatoes have also become a favorite fruit for people who lose weight and exercise.

[0004] In the process of tomato growth, fertilization and watering are key factors in the growth of tomato fruits. Excessive or insufficient fertilization and watering will affect the growth of tomato fruits. For example, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will cause the plants to grow too tall, affect flowering and fruiting, and may also cause diseases and insect pests. Unbalanced fertilization, especially improper ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, will also lead to nutritional imbalance in the plants, affecting growth and yield.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for increasing tomato yield by using precise fertilization and watering.

[0007] The method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: dividing the growth period of tomatoes into a seedling period, a flowering period and a fruiting period:

[0008] Seedling stage:

[0009] S1: Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and deep plow the soil;

[0010] The base fertilizer is applied in the following manner:

[0011] Apply 300-400kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 15-20kg of superphosphate, 10-30kg of urea, and 3-5kg of zinc sulfate per mu;

[0012] S2: digging a fixed-value ditch, transplanting the tomato seedlings with 3-4 true leaves into the fixed-value ditch, and applying plant ash to the fixed-value tomato seedlings;

[0013] S3: 4-5 days after the tomatoes have set their value, the first topdressing is carried out. The first topdressing is applied in the following manner:

[0014] Apply 50-60kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 7-10kg of superphosphate, 8-12kg of urea, 1-2kg of borax and 2-5kg of microbial agent per mu;

[0015] Flowering period:

[0016] S4: When the first ear of flowers blooms, apply the second topdressing, and when the first ear of flowers sets fruit, apply the third topdressing;

[0017] Resulting period:

[0018] S5: When the first bunch of tomatoes begins to swell, apply the fourth topdressing, and the fifth topdressing after 10 days;

[0019] The soil moisture in the seedling stage is 70%-75%, the soil moisture in the flowering stage is 65%-72%, and the soil moisture in the fruiting stage is 78%-85%.

[0020] Preferably, phosphorus fertilizer is applied in both the second topdressing and the third topdressing, wherein the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the second topdressing is 3-4 kg per mu, and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the third topdressing is 4-5 kg ​​per mu.

[0021] Preferably, potassium fertilizer is applied in both the fourth and fifth topdressing, wherein the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fourth topdressing is 5-7 kg per mu, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fifth topdressing is 4-6 kg per mu.

[0022] Preferably, the plant spacing of the tomato seedlings after the setting is 40-50 cm, and the row spacing is 60-80 cm.

[0023] Preferably, when applying, the wood ash is evenly scattered around the tomato seedlings after setting, 5-8 cm away from the roots of the tomato seedlings.

[0024] Preferably, the depth of deep plowing is 25-35 cm.

[0025] Preferably, the decomposed farmyard manure includes straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, wherein the weight ratio of straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 2:2:2:1:1.

[0026] Preferably, the method for preparing the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following steps:

[0027] S801: Evenly mix straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed material;

[0028] S802: adjusting the moisture content of the mixed material to 55%-65%;

[0029] S803: composting the mixed material after adjusting the moisture content to a height of 1.5-2 m for fermentation;

[0030] S804: Turn the compost on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days after fermentation. When the temperature of the compost drops to room temperature, fermentation is complete and mature farmyard manure is obtained.

[0031] Preferably, the microbial agent includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0032] Compared with the related art, the method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The present invention applies fertilizers for several times during the growth period of tomatoes, and supplies fertilizers in a targeted manner each time. Different types of fertilizers are applied at different topdressing times, and fertilization is performed more accurately, thereby achieving the purpose of promoting better growth of tomato plants. Before transplanting tomatoes, base fertilizer is applied, and 300-400kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 15-20kg of superphosphate, 10-30kg of urea, and 3-5kg of zinc sulfate are applied per mu. After the tomatoes are fixed for 4-5 days, the first topdressing is performed, and 50-60kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, 7-10kg of superphosphate, 8-12kg of urea, 1-2kg of borax, and 2-5kg of microbial agent are applied per mu. Through a reasonable ratio of ingredients, the yield of tomatoes is increased to a certain extent.

[0034] 2. When supplying water to tomato plants, the present invention divides tomato growth into seedling stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage, wherein the soil moisture in the seedling stage is 70%-75%, the soil moisture in the flowering stage is 65%-72%, and the soil moisture in the fruiting stage is 78%-85%. Through this watering method, the soil moisture is controlled within a certain range, thereby promoting the growth of tomato plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 ,in, Figure 1A schematic flow chart of a method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering provided by the present invention.

[0038] In the specific implementation process,

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] A method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering, comprising the following steps: dividing the tomato growth period into a seedling period, a flowering period, and a fruiting period:

[0041] Seedling stage:

[0042] S1: Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and deep plow the soil to a depth of 25-35cm;

[0043] The method of applying base fertilizer is:

[0044] Apply 300kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 15kg of superphosphate, 10kg of urea and 3kg of zinc sulfate per mu;

[0045] S2: Dig a fixed value ditch, transplant the tomato seedlings that have grown 3-4 true leaves into the fixed value ditch, the spacing between the tomato seedlings after the fixed value is 40-50 cm, the row spacing is 60-80 cm, and the tomato seedlings after the fixed value are applied with plant ash. When applying the plant ash, evenly spread it around the tomato seedlings after the fixed value, 5-8 cm away from the roots of the tomato seedlings;

[0046] S3: 4-5 days after the tomato is fixed, the first topdressing is carried out. The first topdressing is applied in the following way:

[0047] Apply 50kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 7kg of superphosphate, 8kg of urea, 1kg of borax and 2kg of microbial agents per mu. The microbial agents include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria.

[0048] Flowering period:

[0049] S4: When the first ear of flowers blooms, a second topdressing is performed, and when the first ear of flowers bears fruit, a third topdressing is performed, and phosphorus fertilizer is applied in both the second and third topdressings, wherein the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the second topdressing is 3-4 kg per mu, and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the third topdressing is 4-5 kg ​​per mu;

[0050] Resulting period:

[0051] S5: When the first bunch of tomato fruits begins to swell (when the diameter of the first bunch of fruits grows to 2-3cm), the fourth topdressing is carried out, and the fifth topdressing is carried out after an interval of 10 days. Potassium fertilizer is applied in both the fourth and fifth topdressing. The amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fourth topdressing is 5-7kg per mu, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fifth topdressing is 4-6kg per mu;

[0052] The soil moisture during the seedling stage is 70%, the soil moisture during the flowering stage is 65%, and the soil moisture during the fruiting stage is 78%;

[0053] The decomposed farmyard manure includes straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, wherein the weight ratio of the straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 2:2:2:1:1. The preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure includes the following steps:

[0054] S801: Evenly mix straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed material;

[0055] S802: adjusting the moisture content of the mixed material to 55%-65%;

[0056] S803: composting the mixed material after adjusting the moisture content to a height of 1.5-2 m for fermentation;

[0057] S804: Turning the compost on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days after fermentation, when the temperature of the compost drops to room temperature, fermentation is complete and mature farmyard manure is obtained;

[0058] Embodiment 2

[0059] A method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering, comprising the following steps: dividing the tomato growth period into a seedling period, a flowering period, and a fruiting period:

[0060] Seedling stage:

[0061] S1: Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and deep plow the soil to a depth of 25-35cm;

[0062] The method of applying base fertilizer is:

[0063] Apply 350kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 17kg of superphosphate, 20kg of urea and 4kg of zinc sulfate per mu;

[0064] S2: Dig a fixed value ditch, transplant the tomato seedlings that have grown 3-4 true leaves into the fixed value ditch, the spacing between the tomato seedlings after the fixed value is 40-50 cm, the row spacing is 60-80 cm, and the tomato seedlings after the fixed value are applied with plant ash. When applying the plant ash, evenly spread it around the tomato seedlings after the fixed value, 5-8 cm away from the roots of the tomato seedlings;

[0065] S3: 4-5 days after the tomato is fixed, the first topdressing is carried out. The first topdressing is applied in the following way:

[0066] Apply 55kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 8kg of superphosphate, 10kg of urea, 1.5kg of borax and 3kg of microbial agents per mu, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria;

[0067] Flowering period:

[0068] S4: When the first ear of flowers blooms, a second topdressing is performed, and when the first ear of flowers bears fruit, a third topdressing is performed, and phosphorus fertilizer is applied in both the second and third topdressings, wherein the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the second topdressing is 3-4 kg per mu, and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the third topdressing is 4-5 kg ​​per mu;

[0069] Resulting period:

[0070] S5: When the first bunch of tomato fruits begins to swell (when the diameter of the first bunch of fruits grows to 2-3cm), the fourth topdressing is carried out, and the fifth topdressing is carried out after an interval of 10 days. Potassium fertilizer is applied in both the fourth and fifth topdressing. The amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fourth topdressing is 5-7kg per mu, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fifth topdressing is 4-6kg per mu;

[0071] The soil moisture during the seedling stage is 73%, the soil moisture during the flowering stage is 68%, and the soil moisture during the fruiting stage is 82%;

[0072] The decomposed farmyard manure includes straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, wherein the weight ratio of the straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 2:2:2:1:1. The preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure includes the following steps:

[0073] S801: Evenly mix straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed material;

[0074] S802: adjusting the moisture content of the mixed material to 55%-65%;

[0075] S803: composting the mixed material after adjusting the moisture content to a height of 1.5-2 m for fermentation;

[0076] S804: Turning the compost on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days after fermentation, when the temperature of the compost drops to room temperature, fermentation is complete and mature farmyard manure is obtained;

[0077] Embodiment 3

[0078] A method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering, comprising the following steps: dividing the tomato growth period into a seedling period, a flowering period, and a fruiting period:

[0079] Seedling stage:

[0080] S1: Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and deep plow the soil to a depth of 25-35cm;

[0081] The method of applying base fertilizer is:

[0082] Apply 400kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 20kg of superphosphate, 30kg of urea and 5kg of zinc sulfate per mu;

[0083] S2: Dig a fixed value ditch, transplant the tomato seedlings that have grown 3-4 true leaves into the fixed value ditch, the spacing between the tomato seedlings after the fixed value is 40-50 cm, the row spacing is 60-80 cm, and the tomato seedlings after the fixed value are applied with plant ash. When applying the plant ash, evenly spread it around the tomato seedlings after the fixed value, 5-8 cm away from the roots of the tomato seedlings;

[0084] S3: 4-5 days after the tomato is fixed, the first topdressing is carried out. The first topdressing is applied in the following way:

[0085] Apply 60kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 10kg of superphosphate, 12kg of urea, 2kg of borax and 5kg of microbial agents per mu, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria;

[0086] Flowering period:

[0087] S4: When the first ear of flowers blooms, a second topdressing is performed, and when the first ear of flowers bears fruit, a third topdressing is performed, and phosphorus fertilizer is applied in both the second and third topdressings, wherein the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the second topdressing is 3-4 kg per mu, and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the third topdressing is 4-5 kg ​​per mu;

[0088] Resulting period:

[0089] S5: When the first bunch of tomato fruits begins to swell (when the diameter of the first bunch of fruits grows to 2-3cm), the fourth topdressing is carried out, and the fifth topdressing is carried out after an interval of 10 days. Potassium fertilizer is applied in both the fourth and fifth topdressing. The amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fourth topdressing is 5-7kg per mu, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fifth topdressing is 4-6kg per mu;

[0090] The soil moisture during the seedling stage is 75%, the soil moisture during the flowering stage is 72%, and the soil moisture during the fruiting stage is 85%;

[0091] The decomposed farmyard manure includes straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, wherein the weight ratio of the straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 2:2:2:1:1. The preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure includes the following steps:

[0092] S801: Evenly mix straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed material;

[0093] S802: adjusting the moisture content of the mixed material to 55%-65%;

[0094] S803: composting the mixed material after adjusting the moisture content to a height of 1.5-2 m for fermentation;

[0095] S804: Turning the compost on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days after fermentation, when the temperature of the compost drops to room temperature, fermentation is complete and mature farmyard manure is obtained;

[0096] Comparative Example 1

[0097] A method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering, comprising the following steps: dividing the tomato growth period into a seedling period, a flowering period, and a fruiting period:

[0098] Seedling stage:

[0099] S1: Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and deep plow the soil to a depth of 25-35cm;

[0100] The method of applying base fertilizer is:

[0101] Apply 280kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 10kg of superphosphate, 8kg of urea and 2kg of zinc sulfate per mu;

[0102] S2: Dig a fixed value ditch, transplant the tomato seedlings that have grown 3-4 true leaves into the fixed value ditch, the spacing between the tomato seedlings after the fixed value is 40-50 cm, the row spacing is 60-80 cm, and the tomato seedlings after the fixed value are applied with plant ash. When applying the plant ash, evenly spread it around the tomato seedlings after the fixed value, 5-8 cm away from the roots of the tomato seedlings;

[0103] S3: 4-5 days after the tomato is fixed, the first topdressing is carried out. The first topdressing is applied in the following way:

[0104] Apply 43kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 5kg of superphosphate, 6kg of urea, 0.8kg of borax and 1kg of microbial agent per mu, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria;

[0105] Flowering period:

[0106] S4: When the first ear of flowers blooms, a second topdressing is performed, and when the first ear of flowers bears fruit, a third topdressing is performed, and phosphorus fertilizer is applied in both the second and third topdressings, wherein the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the second topdressing is 3-4 kg per mu, and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the third topdressing is 4-5 kg ​​per mu;

[0107] Resulting period:

[0108] S5: When the first bunch of tomato fruits begins to swell (when the diameter of the first bunch of fruits grows to 2-3cm), the fourth topdressing is carried out, and the fifth topdressing is carried out after an interval of 10 days. Potassium fertilizer is applied in both the fourth and fifth topdressing. The amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fourth topdressing is 5-7kg per mu, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fifth topdressing is 4-6kg per mu;

[0109] The soil moisture during the seedling stage is 65%, the soil moisture during the flowering stage is 60%, and the soil moisture during the fruiting stage is 73%;

[0110] The decomposed farmyard manure includes straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, wherein the weight ratio of the straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 2:2:2:1:1. The preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure includes the following steps:

[0111] S801: Evenly mix straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed material;

[0112] S802: adjusting the moisture content of the mixed material to 55%-65%;

[0113] S803: composting the mixed material after adjusting the moisture content to a height of 1.5-2 m for fermentation;

[0114] S804: Turning the compost on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days after fermentation, when the temperature of the compost drops to room temperature, fermentation is complete and mature farmyard manure is obtained;

[0115] Comparative Example 2

[0116] A method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering, comprising the following steps: dividing the tomato growth period into a seedling period, a flowering period, and a fruiting period:

[0117] Seedling stage:

[0118] S1: Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and deep plow the soil to a depth of 25-35cm;

[0119] The method of applying base fertilizer is:

[0120] Apply 430kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 23kg of superphosphate, 35kg of urea and 6kg of zinc sulfate per mu;

[0121] S2: Dig a fixed value ditch, transplant the tomato seedlings that have grown 3-4 true leaves into the fixed value ditch, the spacing between the tomato seedlings after the fixed value is 40-50 cm, the row spacing is 60-80 cm, and the tomato seedlings after the fixed value are applied with plant ash. When applying the plant ash, evenly spread it around the tomato seedlings after the fixed value, 5-8 cm away from the roots of the tomato seedlings;

[0122] S3: 4-5 days after the tomato is fixed, the first topdressing is carried out. The first topdressing is applied in the following way:

[0123] Apply 62kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 12kg of superphosphate, 14kg of urea, 3kg of borax and 6kg of microbial agents per mu, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria;

[0124] Flowering period:

[0125] S4: When the first ear of flowers blooms, a second topdressing is performed, and when the first ear of flowers bears fruit, a third topdressing is performed, and phosphorus fertilizer is applied in both the second and third topdressings, wherein the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the second topdressing is 3-4 kg per mu, and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the third topdressing is 4-5 kg ​​per mu;

[0126] Resulting period:

[0127] S5: When the first bunch of tomato fruits begins to swell (when the diameter of the first bunch of fruits grows to 2-3cm), the fourth topdressing is carried out, and the fifth topdressing is carried out after an interval of 10 days. Potassium fertilizer is applied in both the fourth and fifth topdressing. The amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fourth topdressing is 5-7kg per mu, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fifth topdressing is 4-6kg per mu;

[0128] The soil moisture during the seedling stage is 77%, the soil moisture during the flowering stage is 73%, and the soil moisture during the fruiting stage is 88%;

[0129] The decomposed farmyard manure includes straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, wherein the weight ratio of the straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 2:2:2:1:1. The preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure includes the following steps:

[0130] S801: Evenly mix straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed material;

[0131] S802: adjusting the moisture content of the mixed material to 55%-65%;

[0132] S803: composting the mixed material after adjusting the moisture content to a height of 1.5-2 m for fermentation;

[0133] S804: Turn the compost on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days after fermentation. When the temperature of the compost drops to room temperature, fermentation is complete and mature farmyard manure is obtained.

[0134] Experimental Group

[0135] Five experimental fields were set up, and tomatoes were planted according to the tomato fertilization and watering methods in Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, respectively. After the fruits of each embodiment and each comparative example were ripe, the quality of the fruits was measured, including the vitamin C content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and single plant yield, as shown in Table 1:

[0136]

[0137] From the data in the table, the tomatoes obtained by the method provided by the present invention are superior to the control examples in terms of vitamin C content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and single plant yield. Among them, the vitamin C content in Example 2 is the highest, and the soluble protein content and soluble sugar content in Example 1 are the highest. In addition, the single plant yield in Example 1 is also the highest, which shows that the present invention effectively improves the quality and yield of tomatoes through appropriate ingredient ratios and topdressing methods.

[0138] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The tomato growth period is divided into seedling stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage: Seedling stage: S1: Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and deep plow the soil; The base fertilizer is applied in the following manner: Apply 300-400kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 15-20kg of superphosphate, 10-30kg of urea, and 3-5kg of zinc sulfate per mu; S2: digging a fixed-value ditch, transplanting the tomato seedlings with 3-4 true leaves into the fixed-value ditch, and applying plant ash to the fixed-value tomato seedlings; S3: 4-5 days after the tomatoes have set their value, the first topdressing is carried out. The first topdressing is applied in the following manner: Apply 50-60kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 7-10kg of superphosphate, 8-12kg of urea, 1-2kg of borax and 2-5kg of microbial agent per mu; Flowering period: S4: When the first ear of flowers blooms, apply the second topdressing, and when the first ear of flowers sets fruit, apply the third topdressing; Resulting period: S5: When the first bunch of tomatoes begins to swell, apply the fourth topdressing, and the fifth topdressing after 10 days; The soil moisture in the seedling stage is 70%-75%, the soil moisture in the flowering stage is 65%-72%, and the soil moisture in the fruiting stage is 78%-85%.

2. The method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering according to claim 1, characterized in that: Phosphorus fertilizer is applied in both the second and third topdressing, wherein the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the second topdressing is 3-4 kg per mu, and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the third topdressing is 4-5 kg ​​per mu.

3. The method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering according to claim 2, characterized in that: Potassium fertilizer is applied in both the fourth and fifth topdressing. The amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fourth topdressing is 5-7 kg per mu, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fifth topdressing is 4-6 kg per mu.

4. The method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plant spacing of the tomato seedlings after the setting is 40-50 cm, and the row spacing is 60-80 cm.

5. The method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering according to claim 4, characterized in that: When applying the wood ash, it is evenly spread around the tomato seedlings after setting, 5-8 cm away from the roots of the tomato seedlings.

6. The method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The depth of the deep plowing is 25-35cm.

7. The method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering according to claim 6, characterized in that: The decomposed farmyard manure includes straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, wherein the weight ratio of the straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 2:2:2:1:

1.

8. The method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for preparing the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following steps: S801: Evenly mix straw, sheep manure, chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed material; S802: adjusting the moisture content of the mixed material to 55%-65%; S803: composting the mixed material after adjusting the moisture content to a height of 1.5-2 m for fermentation; S804: Turn the compost on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days after fermentation. When the temperature of the compost drops to room temperature, fermentation is complete and mature farmyard manure is obtained.

9. The method for increasing tomato yield by precise fertilization and watering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agents include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

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