Film-mulching close-planting high-yield cultivation method for corn in cold area

Abstract

The invention discloses a film-mulching close-planting high-yield cultivation method for corn in a cold and cool area, relates to the technical field of corn cultivation, and aims to solve the problems of poor quality and yield effect of corn planting in the cold and cool area. The degradable mulching film is adopted for covering, pollution of the plastic mulching film to the environment is reduced, the requirements for environmental protection and sustainable development are met, and unnecessary waste and environmental pollution can be reduced by scientifically and reasonably selecting and using chemical agents and chemical control agents. Meanwhile, the chemical control agent is selected according to the growth stage and the anti-falling requirement of the corn, the accuracy and the high efficiency of resource utilization are reflected, a high-nitrogen blended fertilizer is selected as the fertilizer, the fertilizer generally has a higher nutrient utilization rate, nutrient loss and waste are reduced, the negative influence on the environment is reduced, and the yield of the corn is increased. Fertilizer is selected according to soil fertility and corn growth requirements, nutrients in the fertilizer can be supplemented according to the corn growth requirements, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of corn cultivation, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold and cool areas by film covering and dense planting. Background Art

[0002] Corn cultivation refers to the planting and management of corn through a series of agricultural technical measures to achieve high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency production goals.

[0003] The Chinese patent with publication number CN117256424A discloses a method for cultivating fresh corn with double harvests in one season in cold regions. The method mainly uses light and heat resources reasonably, adopts the measure of "rushing ahead and delaying later" on limited black soil, and cleverly arranges the crop rotation, so that the traditional cultivation in the cold north, which can only harvest one crop a year, is transformed into harvesting two crops a year, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing production, income and efficiency. The method adopts the cultivation technology of "rushing ahead and delaying later", and adopts the measures of seed coating, mulching, staggered interplanting, formula fertilization, chemical control to promote growth, drip irrigation fertilization, green prevention and control, and lossless harvesting to improve the land multiple cropping index and make full use of natural resources. Although the above patent solves the problem of corn cultivation, the following problems still exist in actual operation: 1. Targeted confirmation of film covering materials and fertilizers was not carried out according to the actual conditions of the corn-growing area, resulting in poor corn yields.

[0004] 2. Failure to carry out effective chemical control to prevent lodging and pests and diseases according to the growth conditions of corn, resulting in reduced corn quality.

[0005] 3. After the mature corn is harvested, the straw is not effectively processed, and there is no effective data analysis of the corn cultivation process, which makes it impossible to optimize and improve the cultivation process. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method for corn covered with film and densely planted in cold and cool areas, which uses degradable mulch to cover, reduces the pollution of plastic mulch to the environment, meets the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development, and reduces unnecessary waste and environmental pollution by scientifically and rationally selecting and using chemical agents and chemical control agents. At the same time, the selection of chemical control agents according to the growth stage of corn and the need to prevent lodging also reflects the accuracy and efficiency of resource utilization. The fertilizer selects high-nitrogen blended fertilizer, which usually has a higher nutrient utilization rate, reduces the loss and waste of nutrients, and reduces the negative impact on the environment. Fertilizers are selected according to soil fertility and corn growth requirements to ensure that the nutrients in the fertilizer can be supplemented according to the growth needs of corn, improve the utilization of fertilizers, and solve the problems in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The high-yield cultivation method of corn covered with film and densely planted in cold and cool areas comprises the following steps: S1: Regional feature confirmation: read the climate data, soil data and environmental data of the corn planting area in the database, and perform feature recognition on the read data to obtain the target planting area data after feature recognition; S2: Regional material selection: Confirm the mulching materials and fertilizers according to the target planting area data, and obtain the target planting material data after confirmation; S3: Land preparation and corn sowing: Before corn is planted in the planting area, the planting area is first prepared, and after the land preparation is completed, film covering and sowing are carried out. After the film covering and sowing are completed, the target corn sowing area is obtained; S4: Field management: The target corn planting area is treated with chemical control to prevent lodging and pests and diseases, and after the treatment is completed, the corn area to be harvested is obtained; S5: Mechanical harvesting and returning to the field: Monitor the moisture content of corn in the area to be harvested, harvest the corn according to the monitoring results, and return the corn straw to the field after the corn is harvested; S6: Cultivation result analysis: Perform cultivation data analysis on the growth process and harvest results of corn, and conduct cultivation evaluation based on the results of the cultivation data analysis.

[0008] Preferably, in S1, the climate data, soil data and environmental data of the corn planting area in the database are read, and feature recognition is performed on the read data, including: The characteristic data in climate data include effective accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, precipitation and extreme weather; Among them, effective accumulated temperature is the total accumulated temperature in a year, sunshine hours are the sunshine hours in a year, precipitation is the precipitation in a year, and extreme weather is the frequency and intensity of high temperature, low temperature, drought and flood weather. The characteristic data in soil data include soil type, soil fertility, soil pH value and soil structure; Among them, soil type is to identify the type of soil, including black soil, loam and sandy soil; soil fertility is to determine the nutrient content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil; soil pH value is to determine the acidity and alkalinity of the soil; soil structure is to analyze the texture and structure of the soil; The characteristic data in environmental data include altitude, slope, water source conditions and vegetation coverage; The target planting area data is obtained after feature recognition of climate data, soil data and environmental data.

[0009] Preferably, confirming the film covering material and fertilizer according to the target planting area data in S2 includes: The mulch film is selected according to the soil type and climate data in the target planting area data, and the mulch film is a degradable mulch film; Confirming the thickness of the mulch film according to climate data and corn growth requirements, wherein the corn growth requirements are extracted from the rule database; Confirm the width of the mulch film according to the row spacing and plant spacing of corn in the corn growth requirements; Fertilizers are selected based on soil fertility and corn growth requirements, and high-nitrogen blended fertilizers are used; Determine fertilizer application rates based on soil fertility and corn yield targets; After the mulch and fertilizer are confirmed, the target planting material data is obtained.

[0010] Preferably, before planting corn in the planting area in S3, the planting area is first prepared, and after the preparation is completed, film covering and sowing are performed, including: Before preparing the land for corn planting, confirm the land preparation equipment and depth according to soil type, soil structure and moisture; Use land preparation equipment to till, break up and loosen the soil, and remove weeds and crop residues on the surface; After the land preparation is completed, the soil surface is leveled, and after the leveling is completed, an on-site inspection is carried out to check the effect of the land preparation and whether the texture and structure of the soil after land preparation meet the requirements for corn growth; If it does not meet the requirements for corn growth, re-till the land; if it meets the requirements for corn growth, cover the land with film and sow the seeds.

[0011] Preferably, before planting corn in the planting area in S3, the planting area is first prepared, and after the preparation is completed, film covering and sowing are performed, and the method further includes: Prepare the degradable mulch film according to the mulch film width and thickness in the target planting material data; Lay the degradable mulch film on the soil after land preparation and make sure that the degradable mulch film has no distortion or wrinkles; The sowing row spacing and plant spacing of the multifunctional film-covering seeder are adjusted, and the operations of fertilizer application, herbicide spraying, film covering and sowing are adjusted synchronously in the multifunctional film-covering seeder; After the synchronous adjustment is completed, the multifunctional film covering seeder is started, and the multifunctional film covering seeder performs film covering and sowing according to the preset row spacing and plant spacing; After film covering and sowing is completed, the target corn sowing area is obtained.

[0012] Preferably, the target corn sowing area is subjected to chemical control and prevention of lodging, pests and diseases in S4, including: Regularly monitor the growth status of corn planted in the target corn planting area, including plant height, leaf color and stalk strength; According to the growth stage of corn and the need for lodging prevention, the chemical control agent is selected, and the chemical control agent is diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon. When the corn is in the 6-12 leaf stage, diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon are used to spray the corn; The spraying time of diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon is in the morning or afternoon, and the weather for spraying diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon is sunny; After the chemical control and lodging prevention treatment is completed, pest and disease control treatment is carried out, which includes chemical weeding, prevention and control of corn leaf spot and prevention and control of corn borer; Chemical weed control is divided into pre-emergence weed control and post-emergence weed control. Pre-emergence weed control is to use acetochlor + atrazine + 2 and 4D butyl ester for soil sealing spraying when the multi-functional film seeder is in operation; post-emergence weed control is to use nicosulfuron + mesotrione + atrazine for spraying in the early stage of corn 5 leaves and weeds 3 to 4 leaves. To prevent and control corn leaf spot, use pyraclostrobin or difenoconazole to spray corn during the trumpeting stage and the early stage of the disease, and spray repeatedly 7 to 10 days after spraying. In the early stage of the disease, the leaf spots reach 10%; Corn borer control includes biological control and chemical control. Biological control is to place Beauveria bassiana granules on corn cobs for biological control; chemical control is to spray 40% chlorfenapyr water dispersible granules or 20% chlorfenapyr suspension for control. After chemical control to prevent lodging and prevention of diseases, insects and weeds is completed, the area for corn to be harvested is obtained.

[0013] Preferably, the periodic growth detection cycle of corn is dynamically adjusted, including: Extract plant height and leaf density obtained from current regular monitoring; Obtain the plant variation coefficient according to the corresponding plant height and leaf density currently monitored regularly; The plant variation coefficient is obtained by the following formula: ; Where V represents the plant variation coefficient; H and M represent the plant height and leaf density obtained by regular monitoring; H f Indicates the growth rate ratio between the plant height obtained by the current regular monitoring and the plant height obtained by the last regular monitoring; M f It indicates the growth rate ratio between the plant density obtained by the current regular monitoring and the plant density obtained by the last regular monitoring; comparing the plant variation coefficient with a preset variation coefficient threshold; When the plant variation coefficient is lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, there is no need to adjust the periodic growth detection cycle; When the plant variation coefficient is not lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, the periodic growth detection cycle is adjusted.

[0014] Preferably, when the plant variation coefficient is not lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, the periodic growth detection cycle is adjusted, including: When the plant variation coefficient is not lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, extracting a period length corresponding to regular monitoring; Using the plant variation coefficient to adjust the cycle length, and obtain an adjusted cycle length; The adjusted cycle length is obtained by the following formula: ; Wherein, R represents the adjusted cycle length; R0 represents the cycle length before adjustment; V represents the plant variation coefficient; V0 represents the preset variation coefficient threshold; Perform regular growth status monitoring according to the adjusted cycle length.

[0015] Preferably, monitoring the moisture content of corn in the corn area to be harvested in S5 and harvesting the corn according to the monitoring result includes: Use a grain moisture meter to sample corn kernels in the area where corn is to be harvested, and measure the moisture content after sampling; The moisture content is measured from the end of the milky stage to the beginning of the waxy stage of corn, and the measurement frequency is once a week depending on the weather conditions. When the moisture content of corn seeds is between 20% and 25%, it is the standard time for corn harvesting; Use corn combine harvesters for mechanical harvesting, and monitor stubble height and threshing speed in real time during the harvesting process; After harvesting, the corn is stored and the harvested straw is crushed using a straw crusher and evenly spread in the field. At the same time, the length of the crushed straw is monitored and the length of the crushed straw is less than 10 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the cultivation data analysis is performed on the growth process and harvest results of the corn in S6, and the cultivation evaluation is performed according to the results of the cultivation data analysis, including: Collect and organize the generation process data and collection result data obtained in steps S1-S5; The growth process data include climate data, soil data, planting material data, field management data and growth status monitoring data; the harvest result data include moisture content data, yield data, quality data and straw return data; Analyze the collected and organized data using methods including statistical analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and variance analysis; Conduct a comprehensive evaluation based on the data analysis results, including production level evaluation, effectiveness evaluation and cost-effectiveness evaluation; The comprehensive assessment data is converted into visual data. After the visual data conversion is completed, graphic data of the comprehensive assessment data is obtained. The staff reviews the graphic data and suggests improvements.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold areas with film covering and dense planting provided by the present invention selects high-nitrogen blended fertilizer as fertilizer, which usually has a higher nutrient utilization rate, reduces nutrient loss and waste, and reduces negative impacts on the environment. Fertilizers are selected according to soil fertility and corn growth requirements to ensure that nutrients in the fertilizer can be supplemented according to the growth requirements of corn, thereby improving fertilizer utilization.

[0018] 2. The high-yield cultivation method of corn covered with film and densely planted in cold and cool areas provided by the present invention adopts degradable mulch for covering, reduces the pollution of plastic mulch to the environment, meets the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development, and reduces unnecessary waste and environmental pollution by scientifically and rationally selecting and using chemical agents and chemical control agents. At the same time, the selection of chemical control agents according to the growth stage of corn and the need for preventing lodging also reflects the accuracy and efficiency of resource utilization.

[0019] 3. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold areas with film covering and dense planting provided by the present invention can ensure the yield and quality of corn by harvesting when the moisture content of corn seeds is between 20% and 25%. Reasonable harvesting time can avoid corn grain loss and deterioration due to over-maturity, or low yield and poor quality due to immaturity. Through scientific analysis and evaluation of cultivation data, it is helpful to discover problems and bottlenecks in the cultivation process, so as to take corresponding improvement measures and improve resource utilization efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of the high-yield cultivation of corn covered with film and densely planted according to the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the high-yield cultivation process of corn covered with film and densely planted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In order to solve the problem that the existing technology does not carry out targeted confirmation of film covering materials and fertilizers according to the actual situation of the corn planting area, resulting in poor corn yield, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions: The high-yield cultivation method of corn covered with film and densely planted in cold and cool areas comprises the following steps: S1: Regional feature confirmation: read the climate data, soil data and environmental data of the corn planting area in the database, and perform feature recognition on the read data to obtain the target planting area data after feature recognition; Among them, the target planting area data obtained through feature recognition can provide farmers and agricultural experts with a scientific basis for planting decisions; S2: Regional material selection: Confirm the mulching materials and fertilizers according to the target planting area data, and obtain the target planting material data after confirmation; Among them, the amount of fertilizer is determined by comprehensively considering soil fertility and corn yield targets, thus avoiding the problem of over-fertilization or under-fertilization; S3: Land preparation and corn sowing: Before corn is planted in the planting area, the planting area is first prepared, and after the land preparation is completed, film covering and sowing are carried out. After the film covering and sowing are completed, the target corn sowing area is obtained; Among them, film covering technology can also effectively prevent the growth of weeds and the invasion of pests and diseases, further ensuring the healthy growth and stable yield of corn; S4: Field management: The target corn planting area is treated with chemical control to prevent lodging and pests and diseases, and after the treatment is completed, the corn area to be harvested is obtained; Among them, regular monitoring of corn growth status helps to promptly detect and deal with problems in the corn growth process; S5: Mechanical harvesting and returning to the field: Monitor the moisture content of corn in the area to be harvested, harvest the corn according to the monitoring results, and return the corn straw to the field after the corn is harvested; The harvested straw is crushed by a straw crusher and evenly spread on the field, which helps increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil structure. S6: Cultivation result analysis: Perform cultivation data analysis on the growth process and harvest results of corn, and conduct cultivation evaluation based on the results of cultivation data analysis; Among them, through data collection, analysis, evaluation and visualization, intelligent support is provided for corn cultivation decision-making, which helps to achieve precision agriculture and intelligent management.

[0023] In S1, the climate data, soil data and environmental data of the corn planting area in the database are read, and the read data are subjected to feature recognition, including: The characteristic data in climate data include effective accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, precipitation and extreme weather; Among them, effective accumulated temperature is the total accumulated temperature in a year, sunshine hours are the sunshine hours in a year, precipitation is the precipitation in a year, and extreme weather is the frequency and intensity of high temperature, low temperature, drought and flood weather. The characteristic data in soil data include soil type, soil fertility, soil pH value and soil structure; Among them, soil type is to identify the type of soil, including black soil, loam and sandy soil; soil fertility is to determine the nutrient content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil; soil pH value is to determine the acidity and alkalinity of the soil; soil structure is to analyze the texture and structure of the soil; The characteristic data in environmental data include altitude, slope, water source conditions and vegetation coverage; The target planting area data is obtained after feature recognition of climate data, soil data and environmental data.

[0024] Specifically, by defining and extracting various characteristic data (such as effective accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, precipitation, soil type, soil fertility, etc.) in detail, the accuracy and pertinence of the data are improved. The effective accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, precipitation and extreme weather in the climate data are clearly defined and extracted, which helps to more accurately understand the impact of climate conditions on corn growth. The feature identification of soil data, such as soil type, fertility, pH value and structure, can more accurately assess soil quality and its suitability for corn growth. The feature identification of altitude, slope, water source conditions and vegetation coverage in environmental data helps to assess the overall environmental conditions of the planting area. The target planting area data obtained through feature identification can provide farmers and agricultural experts with a scientific basis for planting decisions. By rationally selecting and utilizing planting areas, land resources can be protected, ecological balance can be maintained, and sustainable agricultural development can be promoted. Planting strategies can be optimized through data analysis to reduce adverse effects on the environment.

[0025] Confirm the mulching materials and fertilizers according to the target planting area data in S2, including: The mulch film is selected according to the soil type and climate data in the target planting area data, and the mulch film is a degradable mulch film; Confirming the thickness of the mulch film according to climate data and corn growth requirements, wherein the corn growth requirements are extracted from the rule database; Confirm the width of the mulch film according to the row spacing and plant spacing of corn in the corn growth requirements; Fertilizers are selected based on soil fertility and corn growth requirements, and high-nitrogen blended fertilizers are used; Determine fertilizer application rates based on soil fertility and corn yield targets; After the mulch and fertilizer are confirmed, the target planting material data is obtained.

[0026] Specifically, the mulch film is selected according to the soil type and climate data of the target planting area to ensure that the mulch film can adapt to specific environmental conditions, thereby improving planting efficiency. By extracting the corn growth requirements from the rule database and combining with climate data, the thickness of the mulch film is confirmed to meet the specific needs of corn growth. Determining the mulch film width according to the row spacing and plant spacing of corn planting helps to optimize the planting layout and improve land use efficiency. Selecting degradable mulch film reduces the pollution of traditional mulch film to the environment, which is beneficial to protecting the ecological environment and soil health. Fertilizers choose high-nitrogen blended fertilizers, which usually have higher nutrient utilization rates, reduce nutrient loss and waste, and reduce negative impacts on the environment. Fertilizers are selected according to soil fertility and corn growth requirements to ensure that the nutrients in the fertilizer can be supplemented according to the growth needs of corn, thereby improving the utilization rate of fertilizers. By comprehensively considering soil fertility and corn yield targets to determine the amount of fertilizer, the problem of over-fertilization or under-fertilization is avoided, further improving the economy and effectiveness of fertilizers.

[0027] In order to solve the problem that the existing technology does not carry out effective chemical control and prevention of diseases, insects and weeds according to the growth conditions of corn, thus reducing the quality of corn, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions: Before planting corn in S3, the planting area is first prepared, and then covered with film and sown, including: Before preparing the land for corn planting, confirm the land preparation equipment and depth according to soil type, soil structure and moisture; Use land preparation equipment to till, break up and loosen the soil, and remove weeds and crop residues on the surface; After the land preparation is completed, the soil surface is leveled, and after the leveling is completed, an on-site inspection is carried out to check the effect of the land preparation and whether the texture and structure of the soil after land preparation meet the requirements for corn growth; If it does not meet the requirements for corn growth, re-till the land; if it meets the requirements for corn growth, cover the land with film and sow the seeds.

[0028] Prepare the degradable mulch film according to the mulch film width and thickness in the target planting material data; Lay the degradable mulch film on the soil after land preparation and make sure that the degradable mulch film has no distortion or wrinkles; The sowing row spacing and plant spacing of the multifunctional film-covering seeder are adjusted, and the operations of fertilizer application, herbicide spraying, film covering and sowing are adjusted synchronously in the multifunctional film-covering seeder; After the synchronous adjustment is completed, the multifunctional film covering seeder is started, and the multifunctional film covering seeder performs film covering and sowing according to the preset row spacing and plant spacing; After film covering and sowing is completed, the target corn sowing area is obtained.

[0029] Specifically, by analyzing the soil type, structure and moisture before land preparation, selecting the appropriate land preparation equipment and land preparation depth, it is possible to more effectively plow, crush and loosen the soil, thereby improving the soil structure and increasing the soil's air permeability and water retention capacity. Removing surface weeds and residual crops reduces the sources of pests and diseases in the soil, providing a healthier soil environment for corn growth. Leveling the soil surface helps ensure the uniformity and consistency of sowing depth, thereby improving the germination rate and survival rate of seeds. On-site inspections ensure that the land preparation effect meets the requirements for corn growth and avoids sowing failures caused by soil texture and structure problems. The use of a multi-functional mulching seeder for synchronous fertilizer application, herbicide spraying, mulching and sowing operations greatly reduces the complexity and time cost of manual operations. The machine's preset row and plant spacing ensures the accuracy and consistency of sowing, improves sowing efficiency, and uses degradable mulch to cover the soil, reducing the pollution of plastic mulch to the environment, meeting the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development. Degradable mulch film decomposes naturally in the soil without destroying the soil structure, which is beneficial to the growth of corn and the long-term use of the soil. At the same time, it can also increase the ground temperature and indirectly increase the accumulated temperature of the corn growth environment. Increasing the ground temperature can promote the germination and emergence of corn seeds, accelerate the growth process, and enable corn to grow and develop better in a cool environment, thereby improving yield and quality. Through mechanized and automated sowing methods, manpower input is reduced and production costs are reduced. Mechanized management can improve the efficiency of sowing, fertilization, weeding, harvesting and other operations, shorten operation time, reduce labor costs, and improve production efficiency. At the same time, mechanized management can ensure the quality of operations, improve operation accuracy, and reduce the impact of human factors on corn growth, thereby indirectly increasing the growth temperature of corn. Film sowing technology can also increase soil temperature, maintain soil moisture, reduce irrigation times and water consumption, and further reduce production costs. Film covering technology can also effectively prevent weed growth and pests and diseases, further ensuring the healthy growth and stable yield of corn. Degradable mulch film covering can significantly reduce soil moisture evaporation, thereby increasing soil temperature. This warming effect is particularly important for corn planting in cold areas. It can promote seed germination, emergence and root growth, accelerate the growth and development process of corn, and improve soil structure, increase soil porosity, improve soil permeability and water retention capacity through land preparation measures such as plowing, crushing and loosening, which is beneficial to root growth and nutrient absorption, thereby indirectly increasing the growth temperature of corn.

[0030] Chemical control and prevention of lodging, pests and diseases will be carried out in the target corn planting areas in S4, including: Regularly monitor the growth status of corn planted in the target corn planting area, including plant height, leaf color and stalk strength; According to the growth stage of corn and the need for lodging prevention, the chemical control agent is selected, and the chemical control agent is diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon. When the corn is in the 6-12 leaf stage, diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon are used to spray the corn; The spraying time of diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon is in the morning or afternoon, and the weather for spraying diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon is sunny; After the chemical control and lodging prevention treatment is completed, pest and disease control treatment is carried out, which includes chemical weeding, prevention and control of corn leaf spot and prevention and control of corn borer; Chemical weed control is divided into pre-emergence weed control and post-emergence weed control. Pre-emergence weed control is to use acetochlor + atrazine + 2 and 4D butyl ester for soil sealing spraying when the multi-functional film seeder is in operation; post-emergence weed control is to use nicosulfuron + mesotrione + atrazine for spraying in the early stage of corn 5 leaves and weeds 3 to 4 leaves. To prevent and control corn leaf spot, use pyraclostrobin or difenoconazole to spray corn during the trumpeting stage and the early stage of the disease, and spray repeatedly 7 to 10 days after spraying. In the early stage of the disease, the leaf spots reach 10%; Corn borer control includes biological control and chemical control. Biological control is to place Beauveria bassiana granules on corn cobs for biological control; chemical control is to spray 40% chlorfenapyr water dispersible granules or 20% chlorfenapyr suspension for control. After chemical control to prevent lodging and prevention of diseases, insects and weeds is completed, the area for corn to be harvested is obtained.

[0031] Specifically, by using ammonium ethyl ester and ethephon for chemical control and lodging prevention, especially spraying during the 6-12 leaf expansion period of corn, the lodging resistance of corn plants can be effectively enhanced. This helps corn to remain stable during growth and reduce yield losses caused by lodging. Chemical control agents such as ammonium ethyl ester and ethephon can regulate the growth of corn plants, promote root growth, and improve the lodging resistance of corn. Strong root systems can better absorb water and nutrients and fix plants, making them less likely to lodge in severe weather such as wind and rain, thereby ensuring the normal growth and development of corn and indirectly increasing the growth temperature of corn. Specific measures for chemical weed control, prevention and control of corn leaf spot disease, and prevention and control of corn borers are planned in detail, including the selection of appropriate agents, spraying time and methods. This precise prevention and control strategy can minimize the impact of pests and diseases and weeds on corn growth, improve corn yield and quality, and reduce unnecessary waste and environmental pollution through the scientific and reasonable selection and use of chemical agents and chemical control agents. At the same time, the selection of chemical control agents according to the growth stage of corn and the need for lodging prevention also reflects the accuracy and efficiency of resource utilization. Regular monitoring of corn growth status, including indicators such as plant height, leaf color and stalk strength, helps to timely discover and deal with problems in the growth process of corn. This monitoring and intervention mechanism helps to promote the healthy growth of corn, improve its yield and stress resistance. Through the comprehensive application of chemical control and lodging prevention and disease, insect and weed control measures, the yield and quality of corn can be effectively guaranteed. This not only helps to meet the market demand for high-quality corn, but also increases farmers' economic benefits. At the same time, through chemical weeding, prevention and control of corn leaf spot and control of corn borers, the impact of diseases, insect pests and weeds on corn growth can be reduced, ensuring the healthy growth of corn. Healthy corn plants can better absorb nutrients and use sunlight, improve photosynthetic efficiency, thereby indirectly increasing the utilization rate of accumulated temperature and promoting corn growth.

[0032] Specifically, the regular growth detection cycle of corn is dynamically adjusted, including: Extract plant height and leaf density obtained from current regular monitoring; Obtain the plant variation coefficient according to the corresponding plant height and leaf density currently monitored regularly; The plant variation coefficient is obtained by the following formula: ; Where V represents the plant variation coefficient; H and M represent the plant height and leaf density obtained by regular monitoring; H f Indicates the growth rate ratio between the plant height obtained by the current regular monitoring and the plant height obtained by the last regular monitoring; M f It indicates the growth rate ratio between the plant density obtained by the current regular monitoring and the plant density obtained by the last regular monitoring; comparing the plant variation coefficient with a preset variation coefficient threshold; When the plant variation coefficient is lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, there is no need to adjust the periodic growth detection cycle; When the plant variation coefficient is not lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, the periodic growth detection cycle is adjusted.

[0033] The technical effect of the above technical solution is: by extracting the current regularly monitored plant height and leaf density, and combining the data of the last regular monitoring to calculate the growth rate ratio, the growth rate and state of corn can be accurately reflected. This method can dynamically adjust the monitoring cycle according to the actual growth of corn, avoiding the problem of resource waste or insufficient monitoring caused by traditional fixed-cycle monitoring. When corn grows slowly, reducing the monitoring frequency can save manpower and material resources; when corn grows rapidly or abnormalities occur, increasing the monitoring frequency can timely discover and deal with problems. The plant variation coefficient, as an important indicator for judging the growth state of corn, can intuitively reflect the growth trend of corn. By comparing with the preset variation coefficient threshold, it can quickly decide whether the monitoring cycle needs to be adjusted. This data-driven decision-making method is more accurate and efficient than traditional empirical judgment, can reduce human intervention and errors, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring work. Regular growth monitoring of corn can timely discover problems and abnormalities in the growth process, such as pests and diseases, malnutrition, etc. By dynamically adjusting the monitoring cycle, timely and effective intervention and management of corn can be ensured at critical moments. This helps to ensure the healthy growth of corn, improve yield and quality, and thus increase the economic and social benefits of agricultural production. This technical solution combines modern information technology and agricultural knowledge to achieve intelligent monitoring and management of corn growth status. With the continuous development of technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data, this intelligent management method will become an important trend in future agricultural development. By combining monitoring data with agricultural models, the value of data can be further explored to provide more accurate and scientific decision-making support for agricultural production.

[0034] In summary, this technical solution achieves accurate monitoring and efficient management of corn growth status by dynamically adjusting the regular growth detection cycle of corn, thereby promoting the healthy growth of corn and the development of agricultural production.

[0035] Specifically, when the plant variation coefficient is not lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, the periodic growth detection cycle is adjusted, including: When the plant variation coefficient is not lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, extracting a period length corresponding to regular monitoring; Using the plant variation coefficient to adjust the cycle length, and obtain an adjusted cycle length; The adjusted cycle length is obtained by the following formula: ; Wherein, R represents the adjusted cycle length; R0 represents the cycle length before adjustment; V represents the plant variation coefficient; V0 represents the preset variation coefficient threshold; Perform regular growth status monitoring according to the adjusted cycle length.

[0036] The technical effect of the above technical solution is: the solution dynamically adjusts the periodic growth detection cycle to match the monitoring frequency with the actual growth status of the plant. When the plant variation coefficient exceeds the preset threshold, it means that the plant grows faster or abnormally. At this time, shortening the monitoring cycle can timely discover and deal with problems in growth, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the monitoring system. By adjusting the monitoring cycle, unnecessary frequent monitoring or insufficient monitoring can be avoided. When the plant grows steadily or slowly, maintaining a longer monitoring cycle can save manpower, material resources and time costs; while when the plant grows rapidly or abnormally, shortening the cycle can ensure timely acquisition of information, thereby reasonably allocating resources. The adjusted monitoring cycle is more in line with the actual needs of plant growth and helps to improve the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring. Frequent monitoring may bring a large amount of data, but it may not reflect the true condition of the plant; while the appropriate monitoring frequency can reduce the burden of data processing while ensuring the validity of the data. This solution is a manifestation of precision agriculture practice. By accurately measuring and analyzing the growth data of the plant and adjusting the monitoring strategy based on the data, more refined agricultural production management can be achieved. This helps to optimize planting strategies, increase crop yields and quality, and reduce the impact on the environment. This solution is based on existing regular monitoring data and can adjust the cycle through simple mathematical formulas. This method has low implementation costs and is easy to promote and apply in agricultural production. In addition, with the advancement of technology and the enrichment of data collection methods, this solution can be further expanded and optimized to adapt to more complex agricultural production scenarios.

[0037] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that after the mature corn is harvested, the straw is not effectively processed, and the corn cultivation process is not effectively analyzed, which leads to the inability to optimize and improve the cultivation process, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions: The moisture content of corn in the area to be harvested in S5 is monitored, and the corn is harvested according to the monitoring results, including: Use a grain moisture meter to sample corn kernels in the area where corn is to be harvested, and measure the moisture content after sampling; The moisture content is measured from the end of the milky stage to the beginning of the waxy stage of corn, and the measurement frequency is once a week depending on the weather conditions. When the moisture content of corn seeds is between 20% and 25%, it is the standard time for corn harvesting; Use corn combine harvesters for mechanical harvesting, and monitor stubble height and threshing speed in real time during the harvesting process; After harvesting, the corn is stored and the harvested straw is crushed using a straw crusher and evenly spread in the field. At the same time, the length of the crushed straw is monitored and the length of the crushed straw is less than 10 cm.

[0038] Specifically, by using a grain moisture meter to sample corn kernels and measure their moisture content, the accuracy and reliability of the data can be ensured. The moisture content measurement time is selected from the end of milky maturity to the beginning of waxy maturity, which is the key stage of corn maturity and can accurately reflect the maturity and moisture content changes of corn. The measurement frequency is once a week according to weather conditions, which not only ensures the timeliness of the data, but also avoids the additional costs and workload caused by frequent measurements. When the moisture content of corn kernels is between 20% and 25%, they are harvested. This is based on a lot of practical experience and scientific research. The conclusion can ensure the yield and quality of corn. Reasonable harvesting time can prevent corn from falling off and deteriorating due to over-maturity, or low yield and poor quality due to immaturity. The use of corn combine harvesters for mechanical harvesting greatly improves the harvesting efficiency and reduces labor costs. Real-time monitoring of stubble height and threshing speed can ensure stability and consistency during the harvesting process and avoid unnecessary damage to corn. The harvested straw is crushed by a straw crusher and evenly spread in the field, which helps to increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve soil structure, and increase soil fertility. The length of the crushed straw is less than 10 cm, which is conducive to the rapid decomposition of the straw and the release of nutrients, while avoiding the environmental problems caused by straw accumulation. From moisture content monitoring, harvesting time selection, mechanical harvesting, straw processing to storage and processing, a complete and efficient process has been formed. The various links are interconnected and closely coordinated to ensure the smooth progress of the entire harvesting process and the high-quality output of corn.

[0039] Cultivation data analysis was performed on the growth process and harvest results of corn in S6, and cultivation evaluation was performed based on the results of cultivation data analysis, including: Collect and organize the generation process data and collection result data obtained in steps S1-S5; The growth process data include climate data, soil data, planting material data, field management data and growth status monitoring data; the harvest result data include moisture content data, yield data, quality data and straw return data; Analyze the collected and organized data using methods including statistical analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and variance analysis; Conduct a comprehensive evaluation based on the data analysis results, including production level evaluation, effectiveness evaluation and cost-effectiveness evaluation; The comprehensive assessment data is converted into visual data. After the visual data conversion is completed, graphic data of the comprehensive assessment data is obtained. The staff reviews the graphic data and suggests improvements.

[0040] Specifically, it covers the comprehensive collection of process data from steps S1 to S5 to the harvest result data, including climate, soil, planting materials, field management, growth status monitoring, moisture content, yield, quality and straw return to the field, etc., ensuring the comprehensiveness and systematicness of the data. Through scientific methods such as statistical analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and variance analysis, the collected data are deeply analyzed to reveal the laws and trends behind the data, providing a scientific basis for subsequent evaluation. The comprehensive evaluation includes yield level evaluation, effectiveness evaluation and cost-effectiveness evaluation. These evaluations are based on data analysis results, are objective and accurate, and can fully reflect the cultivation effect. The evaluation data is combined for visual data conversion to obtain graphic data. This intuitive form of expression enables staff to understand the evaluation results more easily and make more accurate decisions. After viewing the graphic data, the staff can make targeted improvement suggestions based on data analysis and evaluation results, which is of great significance for improving the efficiency and benefits of corn cultivation. Through data collection, analysis, evaluation and visualization, it provides intelligent support for corn cultivation decision-making, helps to realize precision agriculture and intelligent management, and through scientific cultivation data analysis and evaluation, it helps to discover problems and bottlenecks in the cultivation process, so as to take corresponding improvement measures to improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce environmental pollution.

[0041] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0042] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for corn in cold and cool areas by dense planting with film covering, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Regional feature confirmation: read the climate data, soil data and environmental data of the corn planting area in the database, and perform feature recognition on the read data to obtain the target planting area data after feature recognition; S2: Regional material selection: Confirm the mulching materials and fertilizers according to the target planting area data, and obtain the target planting material data after confirmation; S3: Land preparation and corn sowing: Before corn is planted in the planting area, the planting area is first prepared, and after the land preparation is completed, film covering and sowing are carried out. After the film covering and sowing are completed, the target corn sowing area is obtained; S4: Field management: The target corn planting area is treated with chemical control to prevent lodging and pests and diseases, and after the treatment is completed, the corn area to be harvested is obtained; S5: Mechanical harvesting and returning to the field: Monitor the moisture content of corn in the area to be harvested, harvest the corn according to the monitoring results, and return the corn straw to the field after the corn is harvested; S6: Cultivation result analysis: Perform cultivation data analysis on the growth process and harvest results of corn, and conduct cultivation evaluation based on the results of the cultivation data analysis.

2. The high-yield cultivation method for corn in cold and cool regions by film covering and dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the climate data, soil data and environmental data of the corn planting area in the database are read, and the read data are subjected to feature recognition, including: The characteristic data in climate data include effective accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, precipitation and extreme weather; Among them, effective accumulated temperature is the total accumulated temperature in a year, sunshine hours are the sunshine hours in a year, precipitation is the precipitation in a year, and extreme weather is the frequency and intensity of high temperature, low temperature, drought and flood weather. The characteristic data in soil data include soil type, soil fertility, soil pH value and soil structure; Among them, soil type is to identify the type of soil, including black soil, loam and sandy soil; soil fertility is to determine the nutrient content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil; soil pH value is to determine the acidity and alkalinity of the soil; soil structure is to analyze the texture and structure of the soil; The characteristic data in environmental data include altitude, slope, water source conditions and vegetation coverage; The target planting area data is obtained after feature recognition of climate data, soil data and environmental data.

3. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold and cool areas by film covering and dense planting according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Confirm the mulching materials and fertilizers according to the target planting area data in S2, including: The mulch film is selected according to the soil type and climate data in the target planting area data, and the mulch film is a degradable mulch film; Confirming the thickness of the mulch film according to climate data and corn growth requirements, wherein the corn growth requirements are extracted from the rule database; Confirm the width of the mulch film according to the row spacing and plant spacing of corn in the corn growth requirements; Fertilizers are selected based on soil fertility and corn growth requirements, and high-nitrogen blended fertilizers are used; Determine fertilizer application rates based on soil fertility and corn yield targets; After the mulch and fertilizer are confirmed, the target planting material data is obtained.

4. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold and cool regions by film covering and dense planting according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Before planting corn in S3, the planting area is first prepared, and then covered with film and sown, including: Before preparing the land for corn planting, confirm the land preparation equipment and depth according to soil type, soil structure and moisture; Use land preparation equipment to till, break up and loosen the soil, and remove weeds and crop residues on the surface; After the land preparation is completed, the soil surface is leveled, and after the leveling is completed, an on-site inspection is carried out to check the effect of the land preparation and whether the texture and structure of the soil after land preparation meet the requirements for corn growth; If it does not meet the requirements for corn growth, re-till the land; if it meets the requirements for corn growth, cover the land with film and sow the seeds.

5. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold and cool regions by film covering and dense planting according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Before planting corn in S3, the planting area is first prepared, and after the preparation is completed, the film covering and sowing are carried out, which also includes: Prepare the degradable mulch film according to the mulch film width and thickness in the target planting material data; Lay the degradable mulch film on the soil after land preparation and make sure that the degradable mulch film has no distortion or wrinkles; The sowing row spacing and plant spacing of the multifunctional film-covering seeder are adjusted, and the operations of fertilizer application, herbicide spraying, film covering and sowing are adjusted synchronously in the multifunctional film-covering seeder; After the synchronous adjustment is completed, the multifunctional film covering seeder is started, and the multifunctional film covering seeder performs film covering and sowing according to the preset row spacing and plant spacing; After film covering and sowing is completed, the target corn sowing area is obtained.

6. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold and cool regions by film covering and dense planting according to claim 5, characterized in that: Chemical control and prevention of lodging, pests and diseases will be carried out in the target corn planting areas in S4, including: Regularly monitor the growth status of corn planted in the target corn planting area, including plant height, leaf color and stalk strength; According to the growth stage of corn and the need for lodging prevention, the chemical control agent is selected, and the chemical control agent is diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon. When the corn is in the 6-12 leaf stage, diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon are used to spray the corn; The spraying time of diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon is in the morning or afternoon, and the weather for spraying diethylaminoethyl ester and ethephon is sunny; After the chemical control and lodging prevention treatment is completed, pest and disease control treatment is carried out, which includes chemical weeding, prevention and control of corn leaf spot and prevention and control of corn borer; Chemical weed control is divided into pre-emergence weed control and post-emergence weed control. Pre-emergence weed control is to use acetochlor + atrazine + 2 and 4D butyl ester for soil sealing spraying when the multi-functional film seeder is in operation; post-emergence weed control is to use nicosulfuron + mesotrione + atrazine for spraying in the early stage of corn 5 leaves and weeds 3 to 4 leaves. To prevent and control corn leaf spot, use pyraclostrobin or difenoconazole to spray corn during the trumpeting stage and the early stage of the disease, and spray repeatedly 7 to 10 days after spraying. In the early stage of the disease, the leaf spots reach 10%; Corn borer control includes biological control and chemical control. Biological control is to place Beauveria bassiana granules on corn cobs for biological control; chemical control is to spray 40% chlorfenapyr water dispersible granules or 20% chlorfenapyr suspension for control. After chemical control to prevent lodging and prevention of diseases, insects and weeds is completed, the area for corn to be harvested is obtained.

7. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold and cool regions by film covering and dense planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: Dynamically adjust the regular growth detection cycle of corn, including: Extract plant height and leaf density obtained from current regular monitoring; Obtain the plant variation coefficient according to the corresponding plant height and leaf density currently monitored regularly; The plant variation coefficient is obtained by the following formula: ； Where V represents the plant variation coefficient; H and M represent the plant height and leaf density obtained by regular monitoring; H f Indicates the growth rate ratio between the plant height obtained by the current regular monitoring and the plant height obtained by the last regular monitoring; M f It indicates the growth rate ratio between the plant density obtained by the current regular monitoring and the plant density obtained by the last regular monitoring; comparing the plant variation coefficient with a preset variation coefficient threshold; When the plant variation coefficient is lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, there is no need to adjust the periodic growth detection cycle; When the plant variation coefficient is not lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, the periodic growth detection cycle is adjusted.

8. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold and cool regions by film covering and dense planting according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the plant variation coefficient is not lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, the periodic growth detection cycle is adjusted, including: When the plant variation coefficient is not lower than a preset variation coefficient threshold, extracting a period length corresponding to regular monitoring; Using the plant variation coefficient to adjust the cycle length, and obtain an adjusted cycle length; The adjusted cycle length is obtained by the following formula: ； Wherein, R represents the adjusted cycle length; R0 represents the cycle length before adjustment; V represents the plant variation coefficient; V0 represents the preset variation coefficient threshold; Perform regular growth status monitoring according to the adjusted cycle length.

9. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold and cool regions by film covering and dense planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The moisture content of corn in the area to be harvested in S5 is monitored, and the corn is harvested according to the monitoring results, including: Use a grain moisture meter to sample corn kernels in the area where corn is to be harvested, and measure the moisture content after sampling; The moisture content is measured from the end of the milky stage to the beginning of the waxy stage of corn, and the measurement frequency is once a week depending on the weather conditions. When the moisture content of corn seeds is between 20% and 25%, it is the standard time for corn harvesting; Use corn combine harvesters for mechanical harvesting, and monitor stubble height and threshing speed in real time during the harvesting process; After harvesting, the corn is stored and the harvested straw is crushed using a straw crusher and evenly spread in the field. At the same time, the length of the crushed straw is monitored and the length of the crushed straw is less than 10 cm.

10. The high-yield cultivation method of corn in cold and cool regions by film covering and dense planting according to claim 9, characterized in that: Cultivation data analysis was performed on the growth process and harvest results of corn in S6, and cultivation evaluation was performed based on the results of cultivation data analysis, including: Collect and organize the generation process data and collection result data obtained in steps S1-S5; The growth process data include climate data, soil data, planting material data, field management data and growth status monitoring data; the harvest result data include moisture content data, yield data, quality data and straw return data; Analyze the collected and organized data using methods including statistical analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and variance analysis; Conduct a comprehensive evaluation based on the data analysis results, including production level evaluation, effectiveness evaluation and cost-effectiveness evaluation; The comprehensive assessment data is converted into visual data. After the visual data conversion is completed, graphic data of the comprehensive assessment data is obtained. The staff reviews the graphic data and suggests improvements.

Images