Heat-proof tile with heat regulation and control function and design method of heat-proof tile

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat-proof tile with a heat regulation and control function and a design method of the heat-proof tile. The problem that a traditional heat-proof tile is low in heat-proof and heat-insulating performance is solved. Comprising an outer wall plate and an inner wall plate, a thermal metamaterial layer and a thermal insulation layer are sequentially arranged between the outer wall plate and the inner wall plate, the outer wall plate, the thermal metamaterial layer, the thermal insulation layer and the inner wall plate are connected into the whole heat-proof tile in a sewing mode through sewing fibers, and the thermal metamaterial layer is composed of a heat conduction layer and a phase change unit. The design method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting an outer wall plate material according to an aerodynamic thermal environment, and designing the thickness t of the outer wall plate; (2) designing a metamaterial layer, selecting a phase change unit material, and determining shape parameters of a phase change unit and a heat conduction layer; (3) designing a heat-insulating layer, selecting a heat-insulating layer material and determining the thickness l; (4) determining the thickness w of the inner wall plate; (5) determining cell lattice constants a and b and periodicity N and M of the phase change unit; and (6) finally, sewing and forming by using sewing fibers. The heat-proof performance and the thermal shock resistance of the heat-proof tile can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a heat-resistant tile design method, and in particular to a high-temperature resistant heat-resistant tile with heat regulation and heat management functions and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When an aircraft flies at high speed in the atmosphere, the surface of the aircraft violently compresses the air and causes friction. A large amount of kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, causing the external structure of the aircraft to undergo intense aerodynamic heating, especially the nose cone, wing / rudder leading edge, interference zone and other parts will face severe local high temperature, strong oxidation and strong thermal shock environment. Thermal tiles are an important means of protection to ensure that the aircraft is not damaged when facing intense aerodynamic heating. The development of high temperature resistant, ablation resistant, and reusable thermal tiles is a bottleneck technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the development of such aircraft. The heat insulation ability of thermal tiles is not only related to the physical and chemical properties of the constituent materials, but also affected by the structural layout plan. The development of new layout plans for thermal tiles is an important way to improve the thermal protection capability and reusability of such aircraft.

[0003] In recent years, the concept of thermal metamaterials has provided new ideas for the design of thermal protection structures. Thermal metamaterials are materials or structures that achieve extraordinary thermal properties that natural materials do not have through artificial microstructure design, such as thermal stealth, thermal aggregation, thermal rotation, etc. The essence of them is to achieve the regulation of heat flow transmission through microstructure design. Thermal metamaterials are an important way to achieve heat flow regulation, and have obtained in-depth theoretical research and experimental verification in the three major heat transfer modes of heat conduction, heat convection and thermal radiation. Traditional thermal protection tiles are mainly composed of an external heat protection layer and an internal thermal insulation layer. The external heat protection layer uses high-temperature resistant materials to achieve heat protection, and the internal thermal insulation layer uses low thermal conductivity materials to achieve heat insulation. Its function is relatively single, and it is difficult to effectively regulate the heat flow in space and time to improve the thermal insulation performance. In order to improve the thermal protection performance of thermal protection tiles, the thermal control idea of ​​thermal metamaterials is introduced into the layout design of aircraft thermal protection tiles for the first time. The airspace and time domain control of the internal heat flow of thermal protection tiles is achieved through microstructure design, so as to reduce local high temperature and reduce thermal shock. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention solves the problem that traditional heat-resistant tiles have relatively single energy, are difficult to effectively regulate heat flow in space and time, and have low heat-insulating performance by providing a high-temperature resistant heat-resistant tile layout solution and a design method thereof with heat regulation and heat management functions.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function comprises an outer wall panel and an inner wall panel, wherein a thermal metastructure material layer and a thermal insulation layer are sequentially arranged between the outer wall panel and the inner wall panel, and stitching fibers are used to stitch the outer wall panel, the thermal metastructure material layer, the thermal insulation layer and the inner wall panel into an integral heat-resistant tile, wherein the thermal metastructure material layer consists of a heat-conducting layer and a phase change unit, and the phase change unit is coated in the heat-conducting layer.

[0007] The outer wall panels and the inner wall panels are made of high temperature resistant and heat-proof materials, which may be high temperature resistant and ablation-resistant materials such as ultra-high temperature ceramics and ceramic-based composite materials.

[0008] The phase change unit is composed of phase change latent heat material, which can be high-temperature phase change material such as inorganic salt, aluminum silicon alloy, etc. according to the phase change temperature requirement. The thermal conductive layer is composed of high thermal conductivity graphite material.

[0009] The insulation layer is made of insulation felt or aerogel material.

[0010] The suture fibers are made of high temperature resistant materials such as carbon fiber, silicon dioxide or silicon carbide.

[0011] The phase change unit is a sphere, a cube or a cuboid.

[0012] The thickness of the outer wall panel is 3 to 5 mm, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 8 to 30 mm, the thickness of the inner wall panel is 1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of the superstructure material layer is 3 to 6 mm.

[0013] In the metamaterial layer, the thickness of the thermal conductive layer is 3 to 6 mm, and the thickness of the phase change unit is 2 to 4 mm.

[0014] A method for designing a heat-resistant tile with a heat regulation function, the steps are as follows:

[0015] ① According to the aerodynamic thermal environment, select the outer wall material and design the outer wall thickness t;

[0016] The outer wall plate is made of high temperature resistant materials including ultra-high temperature ceramics and ceramic matrix composite materials according to the use temperature. The thickness t is mainly determined by the external aerodynamic thermal environment and ablation conditions, and the value range is generally 3 to 5 mm.

[0017] ② Design the metamaterial layer, select the phase change unit material, and determine the shape parameters of the phase change unit and the thermal conductive layer;

[0018] The metamaterial layer is composed of a periodic phase change unit and a directional heat conduction layer matrix. The phase change unit is the main heat storage and management component. According to the use temperature, high-temperature phase change materials including inorganic salts and aluminum-silicon alloys are selected. The maximum size of the phase change unit ranges from 2 to 4 mm. The heat conduction layer mainly completes the directional conduction of heat. Materials with high thermal conductivity including high thermal conductivity graphite are selected. Its thickness is greater than the thickness of the phase change unit and ranges from 3 to 6 mm.

[0019] ③ Design the insulation layer, select the insulation layer material, and determine the thickness l;

[0020] The thermal insulation layer is made of materials with low thermal conductivity, including thermal insulation felt, aerogel and other materials with low density and good thermal insulation performance. Its thickness l is determined according to the material properties and the inner wall temperature requirements, and the value range is 8 to 30 mm;

[0021] ④Determine the thickness w of the inner wall plate;

[0022] The inner wall panel is connected to the main load-bearing structure and is made of the same material as the outer wall panel. The thickness w ranges from 1 to 3 mm.

[0023] ⑤ Determine the lattice constants a, b and the number of periods N, M of the phase change unit cell;

[0024] The heat-resistant tile can be regarded as a unit cell arranged periodically in a two-dimensional plane. The lattice constant a in the length direction and the lattice constant b in the width direction must be larger than the outer dimensions of the phase change unit, and the value range is 4 to 10 mm. The number of periods N and M is determined according to the overall size of the heat-resistant tile. The length X and width Y of each heat-resistant tile are generally 100 to 200 mm. The number of periods N and M are finally determined:

[0025]

[0026] ⑥Finally, the inner and outer wall panels are stitched together with the middle super-structure material layer and the thermal insulation layer by stitching fibers to form a whole. The stitching fibers are made of high-temperature resistant fiber materials including carbon fiber, silica, and silicon carbide.

[0027] When the phase change unit is a sphere, the bottom edge of the thermal conductive layer has a trapezoidal groove that matches the phase change unit, with the large mouth of the trapezoidal groove facing upward. The diameter d of the phase change unit and the shape parameters q, p and θ of the thermal conductive layer are: d ranges from 2 to 4 mm; the thickness q of the thermal conductive layer is greater than d, ranging from 3 to 6 mm, the width p of the small side of the trapezoidal groove ranges from 2 to 5 mm, and the inclination angle θ from the small side to the large side is 110° to 130°; the lattice constants a and b are both greater than d, ranging from 4 to 10 mm.

[0028] The present invention proposes a novel high-temperature resistant heat-resistant tile layout with thermal regulation function and a design method thereof. Compared with the traditional heat-resistant tile layout scheme, a metamaterial layer with thermal regulation function is added between the heat protection layer and the thermal insulation layer. The metamaterial layer is composed of high thermal conductivity materials and phase change materials, which can realize directional conduction of heat flow in the airspace and heat storage and management in the time domain, and can effectively improve the heat protection performance and thermal shock resistance of the heat-resistant tiles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA view;

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the unit cell of the present invention, wherein FIG. b is a left view of FIG. a, and FIG. c is a top view of FIG. a;

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the fiber stitching method of the present invention, wherein FIG. b is the BB view of FIG. a;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional perspective view of the heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention proposes a new heat-resistant tile layout scheme, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 5, it includes six parts: an outer wall plate (1), a heat-conducting layer (2), a phase change unit (3), a heat-insulating layer (4), a stitched fiber (5) and an inner wall plate (6). The outer wall plate and the inner wall plate are made of high-temperature resistant heat-proof materials, which can be high-temperature resistant and ablation-resistant materials such as ultra-high temperature ceramics and ceramic-based composite materials, mainly meeting the requirements of external aerodynamic thermal protection and structural dimensions; the heat-conducting layer and the phase change unit constitute a thermal meta-structure material layer to achieve in-plane directional conduction of heat flow and heat storage and management, wherein the phase change unit is made of phase change latent heat material, which can be inorganic salt, aluminum silicon alloy and other high-temperature phase change materials according to the phase change temperature requirements, and the heat-conducting layer is made of high-thermal conductivity graphite material; the heat-insulating layer is made of insulation felt or aerogel material, which has the characteristics of low density and good heat-insulating performance, so as to achieve efficient heat-insulating function in the thickness direction of the heat-proof tile; the stitched fiber is a high-temperature resistant material such as carbon fiber, silicon dioxide or silicon carbide, and the thermal meta-structure material layer and the heat-insulating layer are connected to form an integral heat-proof tile through the inner and outer wall plates.

[0035] The new heat-resistant tile layout can be seen as Figure 3 The cells shown are arranged periodically in a two-dimensional plane and are obtained by fiber stitching. Therefore, its design parameters are mainly determined by the cell parameters. The specific design method and steps are as follows:

[0036] ① Select the outer wall panel material and design the outer wall panel thickness t according to the aerodynamic thermal environment.

[0037] The outer wall panel is an external heat-resistant component. Depending on the operating temperature, high-temperature resistant materials such as ultra-high temperature ceramics and ceramic-based composites can be selected. Its thickness t is mainly determined by the external aerodynamic thermal environment and ablation conditions, and the value range is generally 3 to 5 mm.

[0038] ② Design the metamaterial layer, select the phase change unit material, and determine the phase change unit diameter d and the thermal conductive layer shape parameters q, p and θ.

[0039] The metamaterial layer is composed of spherical phase change units and a thermal conductive layer matrix, in which the phase change spherical unit is the main heat storage and management component. According to the operating temperature, high-temperature phase change materials such as inorganic salts and aluminum-silicon alloys can be selected. The diameter d is generally in the range of 2 to 4 mm. The thermal conductive layer mainly completes the directional conduction of heat. High thermal conductivity graphite materials with high thermal conductivity are selected. Its thickness q must be greater than d, and the value range is generally 3 to 6 mm. The value range of p is generally 2 to 5 mm, and θ is generally 110° to 130°.

[0040] ③Design the insulation layer, select the insulation layer material, and determine the thickness l.

[0041] The thermal insulation layer is made of materials with low thermal conductivity. Materials with low density and good thermal insulation performance such as thermal insulation felt and aerogel can be selected. The thickness l is determined according to the material properties and the inner wall temperature requirements, and the value range is generally 8 to 30 mm.

[0042] ④Determine the inner wall panel thickness w.

[0043] The inner wall panel needs to be connected to the main load-bearing structure and is generally made of the same material as the outer wall panel. The thickness w is generally in the range of 1 to 3 mm.

[0044] ⑤ Determine the unit cell lattice constants a, b and the number of periods N, M.

[0045] The new heat-resistant tile can be regarded as a periodic arrangement of cells in a two-dimensional plane. The lattice constants a and b must be greater than d, and the value range is generally 4 to 10 mm. The period numbers N and M are determined according to the overall size of the heat-resistant tile. The lengths X and Y of each heat-resistant tile are generally 100 to 200 mm. The period numbers N and M are finally determined (such as Figure 3 shown):

[0046]

[0047] ⑥Finally, use stitching fibers to stitch the inner and outer wall panels with the middle superstructure material layer and the thermal insulation layer to form a whole. The stitching fibers are made of high temperature resistant fiber materials such as carbon fiber, silicon dioxide, and silicon carbide. The stitching method is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0048] The present invention can realize directional conduction and storage of heat, and can make the local high heat flow with uneven airspace distribution quickly conduct to the surrounding low-temperature area, effectively alleviate the local high temperature of the heat protection layer, and its maximum surface temperature is reduced by more than 15% compared with the traditional heat protection tile, which greatly improves the heat protection ability of the heat protection tile. In addition, the new heat protection tile also has stronger heat storage and management capabilities. When impacted by time-varying high dynamic heat flow, the phase change unit can suppress the temperature oscillation of the heat protection tile by absorbing or releasing heat through phase change. Compared with the traditional heat protection tile, the steady-state oscillation amplitude is reduced by 47%, which can significantly improve the thermal shock resistance of the heat protection tile. It can be seen that the new heat protection tile greatly improves the thermal regulation ability of the heat protection tile by introducing a thermal metastructure material layer, so that it has more excellent heat protection performance, which is of great engineering significance for solving the local high temperature and thermal shock problems of the aircraft thermal protection system.

Claims

1. A heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function, characterized by: It includes an outer wall panel and an inner wall panel, and a thermal metastructure material layer and a thermal insulation layer are arranged in sequence between the outer wall panel and the inner wall panel. Sutured fibers connect the outer wall panel, the thermal metastructure material layer, the thermal insulation layer and the inner wall panel into an integral thermal protection tile by sewing, wherein the thermal metastructure material layer is composed of a thermal conductive layer and a phase change unit, and the phase change unit is coated in the thermal conductive layer.

2. The heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer wall panels and the inner wall panels are made of high temperature resistant and heat-proof materials, including ultra-high temperature ceramics and ceramic-based composite materials.

3. The heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The phase change unit is composed of phase change latent heat materials, including inorganic salts and aluminum silicon alloy high-temperature phase change materials, and the thermal conductive layer is composed of high thermal conductivity graphite materials.

4. The heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The insulation layer is made of insulation felt or aerogel material.

5. The heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stitching fibers are carbon fibers, silicon dioxide or silicon carbide high temperature resistant materials.

6. The heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The variable unit is a sphere, cube or cuboid.

7. The heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the outer wall panel is 3 to 5 mm, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 8 to 30 mm, the thickness of the inner wall panel is 1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of the superstructure material layer is 3 to 6 mm.

8. The heat-resistant tile with heat regulation function according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In the metamaterial layer, the thickness of the thermal conductive layer is 3 to 6 mm, and the thickness of the phase change unit is 2 to 4 mm.

9. A method for designing heat-resistant tiles with heat regulation function, characterized by: as follows: ① According to the aerodynamic thermal environment, select the outer wall material and design the outer wall thickness t; The outer wall plate is made of high temperature resistant materials including ultra-high temperature ceramics and ceramic matrix composite materials according to the use temperature. The thickness t is mainly determined by the external aerodynamic thermal environment and ablation conditions, and the value range is 3 to 5 mm. ② Design the metamaterial layer, select the phase change unit material, and determine the shape parameters of the phase change unit and the thermal conductive layer; The metamaterial layer is composed of a periodic phase change unit and a directional heat conduction layer matrix. The phase change unit is the main heat storage and management component. According to the use temperature, high-temperature phase change materials including inorganic salts and aluminum-silicon alloys are selected. The maximum size of the phase change unit ranges from 2 to 4 mm. The heat conduction layer mainly completes the directional conduction of heat. Materials with high thermal conductivity including high thermal conductivity graphite are selected. Its thickness is greater than the thickness of the phase change unit and ranges from 3 to 6 mm. ③ Design the insulation layer, select the insulation layer material, and determine the thickness l; The thermal insulation layer is made of materials with low thermal conductivity, including thermal insulation felt, aerogel and other materials with low density and good thermal insulation performance. Its thickness l is determined according to the material properties and the inner wall temperature requirements, and the value range is 8 to 30 mm; ④Determine the thickness w of the inner wall plate; The inner wall panel is connected to the main load-bearing structure and is made of the same material as the outer wall panel. The thickness w ranges from 1 to 3 mm. ⑤ Determine the lattice constants a, b and the number of periods N, M of the phase change unit cell; The heat-resistant tile can be regarded as a unit cell arranged periodically in a two-dimensional plane. The lattice constant a in the length direction and the lattice constant b in the width direction must be larger than the outer dimensions of the phase change unit, and the value range is 4 to 10 mm. The number of periods N and M is determined according to the overall size of the heat-resistant tile. The length X and width Y of each heat-resistant tile are 100 to 200 mm. The number of periods N and M are finally determined as follows: ⑥Finally, the inner and outer wall panels are stitched together with the middle super-structure material layer and the thermal insulation layer by stitching fibers to form a whole. The stitching fibers are made of high-temperature resistant fiber materials including carbon fiber, silica, and silicon carbide.

10. The method for designing heat-resistant tiles with heat regulation function according to claim 9 is characterized in that: When the phase change unit is a sphere, the bottom edge of the thermal conductive layer has a trapezoidal groove that matches the phase change unit, with the large mouth of the trapezoidal groove facing upward. The diameter d of the phase change unit and the shape parameters q, p and θ of the thermal conductive layer are: d ranges from 2 to 4 mm; the thickness q of the thermal conductive layer is greater than d, ranging from 3 to 6 mm, the width p of the small side of the trapezoidal groove ranges from 2 to 5 mm, and the inclination angle θ from the small side to the large side is 110° to 130°; the lattice constants a and b are both greater than d, ranging from 4 to 10 mm.

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