High-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system and use method

Abstract

According to the high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system and the use method, biomass raw materials pass through the gasification device and the biomass charcoal collecting device to produce biomass charcoal and biomass fuel gas; biomass gas can produce and supply various energy sources such as hydrogen, steam, electric power, cold and heat through equipment such as a purification device, a steam generation device, an internal combustion engine, a hydrogen purification device, a hydrogen collection device, a steam turbine, a generator set, a waste heat boiler, an absorption heat pump, a compression heat pump, a steam supply device, an electric power supply device and a cold and heat supply device. The operation mode of the system is adjusted through 13 adjusting valves and regulators according to the load demand of the energy consumption side and the energy supply price, the supply proportion of various energy sources is changed, and the purposes of balancing supply and demand, improving the equipment utilization rate and improving the system efficiency are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy utilization, and more specifically to a high-efficiency biomass gasification system for producing biochar, hydrogen, steam, electricity, and cooling and heating, and a method for using the system. Background Art

[0002] Biomass is the energy stored inside the biomass after solar energy is converted into chemical energy. It comes directly or indirectly from the photosynthesis of green plants. It is an inexhaustible renewable energy source and the only renewable carbon source. It has the characteristics of being cyclically renewable, widely distributed, and diversified in use. Biomass gasification is a technology that converts solid biomass materials (such as wood, crop residues, animal and plant waste, plant fibers, etc.) into combustible gases (usually including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, etc.) under high temperature, oxygen-free, or insufficient oxygen-deficient conditions. Biomass gasification technology can provide a variety of energy sources such as biochar, hydrogen, steam, electricity, and heating and cooling.

[0003] Traditional biomass gasification utilization systems are of a single form, for example, they can only supply steam or only generate electricity. Due to fluctuations in energy prices or unstable loads on the energy-consuming side, the system operating load changes frequently, and even long-term shutdowns occur, leading to a series of problems such as low equipment utilization, low system efficiency, and increased fixed costs. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system, which can supply multiple energy sources such as biomass charcoal, hydrogen, steam, electricity, heating and cooling, etc., to solve a series of problems such as low equipment utilization, low system efficiency, and increased fixed costs caused by the single form of traditional biomass gasification utilization systems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system, including a gasification device, a biomass charcoal collection device, a purification device, a steam generation device, an internal combustion engine, a hydrogen purification device, a hydrogen collection device, a steam turbine, a generator set, a waste heat boiler, an absorption heat pump, a compression heat pump, a steam supply device, an electric power supply device, and a cooling and heating supply device. The above 15 devices are connected through pipelines or lines to form a high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system, as follows:

[0007] (1) Two branches are provided at the outlet end of the gasification device, one branch is connected to the biochar collection device, and the other branch is divided into branch one and branch two; branch one is connected to the steam generation device, and branch two is connected to the purification device;

[0008] (2) The outlet pipeline of the steam generating device is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the steam supply device and the steam turbine;

[0009] (3) The outlet end of the steam turbine is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the generator set and the steam supply device;

[0010] (4) The outlet pipeline of the purification device is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the internal combustion engine and the hydrogen purification device;

[0011] (5) The outlet end of the internal combustion engine is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the generator set and the waste heat boiler;

[0012] (6) The outlet of the hydrogen purification device is provided with two branches, one of which is connected to the hydrogen collection device; the other branch is further divided into branch three and branch four, the branch three is connected to the internal combustion engine, and the branch four is connected to the steam generation device;

[0013] (7) The generator set outlet line is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the power supply device and the compression heat pump;

[0014] (8) The waste heat boiler is connected to the steam supply device;

[0015] (9) The inlet end of the absorption heat pump is connected to the steam main where the outlets of the steam generating device, the steam turbine, and the waste heat boiler meet;

[0016] (10) The inlet pipeline of the cooling and heating supply device is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the absorption heat pump and the compression heat pump.

[0017] Preferably, the system further comprises: regulating valve 1, regulating valve 2, regulating valve 3, regulating valve 4, regulating valve 5, regulating valve 6, regulating valve 7, regulating valve 8, regulating valve 9, regulating valve 10, regulating valve 11, regulator 12, regulating valve 13;

[0018] Wherein, the regulating valve 1 is arranged on the branch between the gasification device and the biomass charcoal collection device;

[0019] The regulating valve 2 is arranged on another branch of the gasification device;

[0020] The regulating valve 3 is arranged on the branch 1;

[0021] The regulating valve 4 is arranged on the branch 2;

[0022] The regulating valve 5 is arranged on a branch line between the steam generating device and the steam supply device;

[0023] The regulating valve 6 is arranged on a branch line between the steam generating device and the steam turbine;

[0024] The regulating valve 7 is arranged on the branch line between the steam turbine and the steam supply device;

[0025] The regulating valve 8 is arranged on a branch line between the purification device and the internal combustion engine;

[0026] The regulating valve 9 is arranged on the branch line between the purification device and the hydrogen purification device;

[0027] The regulating valve 10 is arranged on the branch 3;

[0028] The regulating valve 11 is arranged on the branch 4;

[0029] The regulator 12 is arranged on a branch line between the generator set and the compression heat pump;

[0030] The regulating valve 13 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the steam main pipe where the outlets of the steam generating device, the steam turbine and the waste heat boiler meet and the absorption heat pump.

[0031] Preferably, the steam turbine is a back pressure unit or a condensing unit, and the ratio of power generation and steam supply is adjusted according to needs.

[0032] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the above-mentioned high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system, which is specifically as follows: the operation mode of the system can be adjusted through a regulator and 13 regulating valves according to the load demand on the energy consumption side and the energy supply price, so as to change the supply ratio of various energy sources, achieve the purpose of balancing supply and demand, improving equipment utilization, and improving system efficiency, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0033] (1) Biomass materials such as wood, crop residues, animal and plant waste, and plant fibers enter the biomass gasification device for gasification reaction to produce combustible gas rich in carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane. At the same time, biochar can also be obtained during the gasification process. The production ratio of biochar and biogas can be controlled by regulating valves 1 and 2;

[0034] (2) The biomass gas enters the steam generating device to produce steam, or passes through the purification device to remove impurities, dust, tar, moisture, and hydrogen sulfide components to obtain high-quality biomass gas. The production ratio of steam and high-quality biomass gas can be controlled by regulating valves 3 and 4;

[0035] (3) The steam produced by the steam generating device enters the steam supply device for external steam supply, or enters the steam turbine to drive the generator set to generate electricity. The ratio of external steam supply and power generation can be controlled by regulating valve 5 and regulating valve 6;

[0036] (4) The steam turbine can realize cogeneration of steam and electricity, and the ratio of external steam supply and power generation can be controlled by regulating valve 7;

[0037] (5) The purified biomass gas enters the internal combustion engine to drive the generator set to generate electricity, or obtains hydrogen through the hydrogen purification device and supplies it to the outside. The ratio of hydrogen production and power generation can be controlled by regulating valves 8 and 9;

[0038] (6) The biomass gas after hydrogen purification can enter the internal combustion engine to generate electricity, or enter the steam generator to produce steam. The ratio of hydrogen production and power generation can be controlled by regulating valves 10 and 11;

[0039] (7) The cooling and heating supply can be achieved by an electrically driven compression heat pump or a steam driven absorption heat pump. The ratio of power consumption to steam consumption can be controlled by the regulator 12 and the regulating valve 13.

[0040] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the entire biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system adjusts the production proportions of steam, electricity, biochar, hydrogen, cooling and heating, etc., and adds purification and production, cascade utilization, waste heat recovery and other technical means to achieve the full value utilization of biomass energy, significantly improve equipment utilization and overall system efficiency, make the system run stably, and greatly improve the project's risk resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 It is the work flow chart of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure:

[0044] 1-gasification device, 2-biochar collection device, 3-purification device, 4-steam generating device, 5-internal combustion engine, 6-hydrogen purification device, 7-hydrogen collection device, 8-steam supply device, 9-steam turbine, 10-generator set, 11-waste heat boiler, 12-power supply device, 13-absorption heat pump, 14-compression heat pump, 15-cooling and heating supply device; 16-regulating valve 1; 17-regulating valve 2; 18-regulating valve 3; 19-regulating valve 4; 20-regulating valve 5; 21-regulating valve 6; 22-regulating valve 7; 23-regulating valve 8; 24-regulating valve 9; 25-regulating valve 10; 26-regulating valve 11; 27-regulator 12; 28-regulating valve 13. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] This embodiment provides a high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system, comprising a gasification device (1), a biomass char collection device (2), a purification device (3), a steam generation device (4), an internal combustion engine (5), a hydrogen purification device (6), a hydrogen collection device (7), a steam supply device (8), a steam turbine (9), a generator set (10), a waste heat boiler (11), a power supply device (12), an absorption heat pump (13), a compression heat pump (14), and a cooling and heating supply device (15):

[0048] (1) Two branches are provided at the outlet of the gasification device (1), one branch is connected to the biomass charcoal collecting device (2), and the other branch is further divided into branch one and branch two; branch one is connected to the steam generating device (4), and branch two is connected to the purification device (3);

[0049] (2) The outlet pipeline of the steam generating device (4) is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the steam supply device (8) and the steam turbine (9);

[0050] (3) The outlet end of the steam turbine (9) is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the generator set (10) and the steam supply device (8);

[0051] (4) The outlet pipeline of the purification device (3) is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the internal combustion engine (5) and the hydrogen purification device (6);

[0052] (5) The outlet pipeline of the internal combustion engine (5) is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the generator set (10) and the waste heat boiler (11);

[0053] (6) The outlet of the hydrogen purification device (6) is provided with two branches, one of which is connected to the hydrogen collecting device (7); the other branch is further divided into branch three and branch four, branch three is connected to the internal combustion engine (5), and branch four is connected to the steam generating device (4);

[0054] (7) The generator set (10) outlet line is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the power supply device (12) and the compression heat pump (14);

[0055] (8) The waste heat boiler (11) is connected to the steam supply device (8);

[0056] (9) The inlet end of the absorption heat pump (13) is connected to the steam main where the outlets of the steam generating device (4), the steam turbine (9) and the waste heat boiler (11) meet;

[0057] (10) The inlet pipeline of the cooling and heating supply device (15) is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the absorption heat pump (13) and the compression heat pump (14).

[0058] In this embodiment, the system further includes: regulating valve 1, regulating valve 2, regulating valve 3, regulating valve 4, regulating valve 5, regulating valve 6, regulating valve 7, regulating valve 8, regulating valve 9, regulating valve 10, regulating valve 11, regulator 12, regulating valve 13;

[0059] Wherein, the regulating valve 1 (16) is arranged on a branch line between the gasification device (1) and the biochar collection device (2);

[0060] The regulating valve 2 (17) is arranged on another branch of the gasification device (1);

[0061] The regulating valve 3 (18) is arranged on the branch line 1;

[0062] The regulating valve 4 (19) is arranged on the branch 2;

[0063] The regulating valve 5 (20) is arranged on a branch line between the steam generating device (4) and the steam supply device (8);

[0064] The regulating valve 6 (21) is arranged on a branch line between the steam generating device (4) and the steam turbine (9);

[0065] The regulating valve 7 (22) is arranged on a branch line between the steam turbine (9) and the steam supply device (8);

[0066] The regulating valve 8 (23) is arranged on a branch line between the purification device (3) and the internal combustion engine (5);

[0067] The regulating valve 9 (24) is arranged on a branch line between the purification device (3) and the hydrogen purification device (6);

[0068] The regulating valve 10 (25) is arranged on branch line 3;

[0069] The regulating valve 11 (26) is arranged on the branch 4;

[0070] The regulator 12 (27) is arranged on a branch line between the generator set (10) and the compression heat pump (14);

[0071] The regulating valve 13 (28) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the steam main pipe where the outlets of the steam generating device (4), the steam turbine (9) and the waste heat boiler (11) meet and the absorption heat pump.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment provides a method for using a high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] (1) Biomass raw materials such as wood, crop residues, animal and plant waste, and plant fibers enter the gasification device (1) for gasification reaction to produce combustible gas rich in carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane. Biochar can also be obtained during the gasification process. The production ratio of biochar and biogas can be controlled by regulating valve 1 (16) and regulating valve 2 (17);

[0075] (2) The biomass gas enters the steam generating device (4) to produce steam, or passes through the purification device (3) to remove impurities, dust, tar, moisture, and hydrogen sulfide components to obtain high-quality biomass gas. The production ratio of steam and high-quality biomass gas can be controlled by the regulating valve 3 (18) and the regulating valve 4 (19);

[0076] (3) The steam produced by the steam generating device (4) enters the steam supply device (8) to supply steam to the outside, or enters the steam turbine (9) to drive the generator set (10) to generate electricity. The ratio of steam supply to the outside and power generation can be controlled by the regulating valve 5 (20) and the regulating valve 6 (21);

[0077] (4) The steam turbine (9) can realize cogeneration of steam and electricity, and the ratio of external steam supply and power generation can be controlled by the regulating valve 7, wherein the regulating valve 7 (22) is located on the pipeline connecting the steam turbine and the steam supply device;

[0078] (5) The purified biomass gas enters the internal combustion engine (5) to drive the generator set (10) to generate electricity, or obtains hydrogen through the hydrogen purification device (6) and supplies it to the outside. The ratio of hydrogen production and power generation can be controlled by the regulating valve 8 (23) and the regulating valve 9 (24);

[0079] (6) The biomass gas after hydrogen purification can enter the internal combustion engine (5) to generate electricity, or enter the steam generator (4) to produce steam. The ratio of hydrogen production and power generation can be controlled by regulating valve 10 (25) and regulating valve 11 (26);

[0080] (7) Heating and cooling supply can be achieved by using an electrically driven compression heat pump (14) or a steam driven absorption heat pump (13). The ratio of power consumption to steam consumption can be controlled by regulating valve 12 (27) and regulating valve 13 (28).

[0081] The entire biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system adjusts the production proportions of steam, electricity, biochar, hydrogen, heating and cooling according to factors such as energy demand and energy prices, and uses technical means such as purification, cascade utilization, and waste heat recovery to achieve full energy value utilization of biomass energy, significantly improve equipment utilization and overall system efficiency, enable the system to operate stably, and greatly enhance the project's ability to resist risks.

[0082] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0083] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system, characterized in that: The system includes a gasification device, a biomass charcoal collection device, a purification device, a steam generation device, an internal combustion engine, a hydrogen purification device, a hydrogen collection device, a steam turbine, a generator set, a waste heat boiler, an absorption heat pump, a compression heat pump, a steam supply device, a power supply device, and a cooling and heating supply device. The above equipment is connected through pipelines or lines to form the high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system, as follows: (1) Two branches are provided at the outlet end of the gasification device, one branch is connected to the biochar collection device, and the other branch is divided into branch one and branch two; branch one is connected to the steam generation device, and branch two is connected to the purification device; (2) The outlet pipeline of the steam generating device is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the steam supply device and the steam turbine; (3) The outlet end of the steam turbine is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the generator set and the steam supply device; (4) The outlet pipeline of the purification device is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the internal combustion engine and the hydrogen purification device; (5) The outlet end of the internal combustion engine is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the generator set and the waste heat boiler; (6) The outlet of the hydrogen purification device is provided with two branches, one of which is connected to the hydrogen collection device; the other branch is further divided into branch three and branch four, the branch three is connected to the internal combustion engine, and the branch four is connected to the steam generation device; (7) The generator set outlet line is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the power supply device and the compression heat pump; (8) The waste heat boiler is connected to the steam supply device; (9) The inlet end of the absorption heat pump is connected to the steam main where the outlets of the steam generating device, the steam turbine, and the waste heat boiler meet; (10) The inlet pipeline of the cooling and heating supply device is provided with two branches, which are respectively connected to the absorption heat pump and the compression heat pump.

2. The high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steam turbine is a back pressure unit or a condensing unit, and the ratio of power generation and steam supply can be adjusted according to demand.

3. The high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Also includes: Regulating valve 1, regulating valve 2, regulating valve 3, regulating valve 4, regulating valve 5, regulating valve 6, regulating valve 7, regulating valve 8, regulating valve 9, regulating valve 10, regulating valve 11, regulator 12, regulating valve 13; Wherein, the regulating valve 1 is arranged on the branch between the gasification device and the biomass charcoal collection device; The regulating valve 2 is arranged on another branch of the gasification device; The regulating valve 3 is arranged on the branch 1; The regulating valve 4 is arranged on the branch 2; The regulating valve 5 is arranged on a branch line between the steam generating device and the steam supply device; The regulating valve 6 is arranged on a branch line between the steam generating device and the steam turbine; The regulating valve 7 is arranged on the branch line between the steam turbine and the steam supply device; The regulating valve 8 is arranged on a branch line between the purification device and the internal combustion engine; The regulating valve 9 is arranged on the branch line between the purification device and the hydrogen purification device; The regulating valve 10 is arranged on the branch 3; The regulating valve 11 is arranged on the branch 4; The regulator 12 is arranged on a branch line between the generator set and the compression heat pump; The regulating valve 13 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the steam main pipe where the outlets of the steam generating device, the steam turbine and the waste heat boiler meet and the absorption heat pump.

4. A method for using a high-efficiency biomass gasification comprehensive utilization system, characterized in that: According to the load demand and energy supply price on the energy consumption side, the operation mode of the system is adjusted through regulating valves and regulators to change the supply ratio of various energy sources, achieve the purpose of balancing supply and demand, improving equipment utilization, and improving system efficiency. The specific steps include: (1) The biomass raw material enters the gasification device for gasification reaction to produce biomass gas, and biomass char is obtained during the gasification process. The production ratio of biomass charcoal and biomass gas is controlled by regulating valve 1 and regulating valve 2; (2) The biomass gas enters the steam generating device to produce steam, or passes through the purification device to obtain high-quality biomass gas, and the production ratio of steam and high-quality biomass gas is controlled by regulating valves 3 and 4; (3) The steam produced by the steam generating device enters the steam supply device for external steam supply, or enters the steam turbine to drive the generator set to generate electricity. The ratio of external steam supply and power generation is controlled by regulating valve 5 and regulating valve 6; (4) The steam turbine is used to realize the cogeneration of steam and electricity, and the regulating valve 7 is used to control the ratio of external steam supply and power generation; (5) The purified biomass gas enters the internal combustion engine to drive the generator set to generate electricity, or obtains hydrogen through the hydrogen purification device and supplies it to the outside, and the ratio of hydrogen production and power generation is controlled by regulating valves 8 and 9; (6) The biomass gas after hydrogen purification enters the internal combustion engine to generate electricity, or enters the steam generator to produce steam, and the ratio of hydrogen production and power generation is controlled by regulating valves 10 and 11; (7) The cooling and heating supply is achieved by an electrically driven compression heat pump or a steam driven absorption heat pump, and the ratio of the power consumption to the steam consumption is controlled by the regulator 12 and the regulating valve 13.

Images