Gas flow rate adjusting mechanism

Abstract

The invention provides a gas flow rate adjusting mechanism which comprises a gas flow pipeline extending in the vertical direction, a speed reduction adjusting assembly and an acceleration adjusting assembly, the speed reduction adjusting assembly and the acceleration adjusting assembly are arranged at an upper pipe opening and a lower pipe opening of the gas flow pipeline respectively, and the acceleration adjusting assembly comprises a plurality of first speed adjusting plates which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and rotationally connected to the lower pipe opening of the gas flow pipeline; the speed reduction adjusting assembly comprises a plurality of second speed adjusting plates which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and rotationally connected to an upper pipe opening of the airflow pipeline, and the multiple second speed adjusting plates correspond to the multiple first speed adjusting plates one to one. A linkage mechanism is arranged between the first speed regulating plate and the second speed regulating plate which correspond to each other; a second speed regulation plate in the speed reduction regulation assembly and a first speed regulation plate in the acceleration regulation assembly can respectively form a speed reduction or acceleration structure similar to a Laval pipe with an airflow pipeline, so that airflow upwards enters the condenser at a preset speed or a speed close to the preset speed when passing through the regulation mechanism, the condensation time is sufficient and reasonable, and the condensation efficiency is improved. The preparation efficiency of the fatty acid is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of chemical industry, and in particular to a gas flow rate regulating mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Mixed fatty acids refer to fatty acids composed of multiple fatty acid monomers, including hexadecene saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 63°C, octadecene saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 72°C, and low-carbon fatty acids with a condensation point between 20°C and 63°C. The raw materials for the preparation of mixed fatty acids mainly come from natural oils and fats. Common ones such as palm oil can be refined to obtain edible oil with a condensation point of 24°C and a fatty acid mixture with impurities. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the mixed fatty acids through distillation.

[0003] The applicant has designed a fatty acid preparation device, including a still containing a fatty acid mixing zone and a distillation tower located above the still, wherein the distillation tower is provided with a packing, and above the packing is a liquid collecting tray allowing gas to pass through, and a vertical shell and tube condenser, wherein the shell and tube condenser includes a shell and a condenser tube inside the shell, and a space between the condenser tube and the shell is used to add a coolant, wherein the mixture in the still is heated to form a high-temperature vapor containing fatty acids, wherein the high-temperature vapor passes upward through the packing and is condensed into a liquid after being condensed by the condenser, and the liquid fatty acids flow downward out of the corresponding condenser tube under the action of gravity and flow into the liquid collecting tray.

[0004] High-temperature steam needs to rise at a predetermined flow rate when it rises to ensure condensation efficiency, but the speed of high-temperature steam when it rises is difficult to control, which will affect the condensation efficiency of fatty acid production; for example, when the rising flow rate of high-temperature steam is lower than the predetermined flow rate for a long time, although the condensation process is relatively complete, it will take a long time to condense, reducing the efficiency of fatty acid production; and as the heating time increases, when the upward flow rate of high-temperature steam exceeds the predetermined flow rate, it will cause the high-temperature steam to pass through the condenser too quickly, resulting in insufficient condensation, which will also affect the reduction of fatty acid production efficiency; therefore, it is necessary to set a gas flow rate regulating mechanism between the packing and the condenser to control the gas flow to enter the condenser of the condenser at a reasonable speed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a gas flow rate regulating mechanism, wherein a deceleration regulating component and an acceleration regulating component which can be linked to each other are respectively arranged at the lower pipe mouth position and the upper pipe mouth position of an air flow pipeline, and a second speed regulating plate in the deceleration regulating component and a first speed regulating plate in the acceleration regulating component can respectively form a deceleration or acceleration structure similar to a Laval tube between the air flow pipeline, so that when the air flow passes through the regulating mechanism upward, it enters a condenser upward at a predetermined speed or close to the predetermined speed, thereby ensuring that the condensation time is sufficiently reasonable and improving the preparation efficiency of fatty acids.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way: A gas flow rate regulating mechanism, comprising an airflow duct extending in a vertical direction, a deceleration regulating assembly and an acceleration regulating assembly respectively arranged at the upper and lower pipe openings of the airflow duct, wherein the acceleration regulating assembly comprises a plurality of first speed regulating plates evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and rotatably connected to the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct; the deceleration regulating assembly comprises a plurality of second speed regulating plates evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and rotatably connected to the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct, wherein the plurality of second speed regulating plates correspond to the plurality of first speed regulating plates one by one; a linkage mechanism is provided between the first speed regulating plates and the second speed regulating plates corresponding to each other; in an initial state, the plurality of first speed regulating plates are opened outwards and form a tapered acceleration channel with a narrow top and a wide bottom with the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct, and the plurality of second speed regulating plates are closed inwards to a vertical state; The gas flow rate regulating mechanism has an acceleration mode, a uniform speed mode and a deceleration mode. When the flow rate of the rising air flow gradually increases and is less than a predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism is in the acceleration mode. At this time, the multiple first speed regulating plates are further opened under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow passes through the conical acceleration pipe and then accelerates upward through the airflow pipe; when the gas flow rate gradually increases and is equal to the predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism switches to the uniform speed mode, and the multiple first speed regulating plates are opened outward to a horizontal state under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow passes through the airflow pipe upward at a predetermined speed; when the gas flow rate is greater than the predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism switches to the deceleration mode, and the first speed regulating plates are flipped upward from the horizontal state under the action of the airflow and are linked to the corresponding second speed regulating plates through the linkage mechanism to open outward, so that an inverted cone deceleration channel with a wide top and a narrow bottom is formed between the multiple second speed regulating plates and the upper pipe opening, so that the airflow after passing through the airflow pipe upward can reduce the flow speed through the inverted cone deceleration channel.

[0007] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a connecting rod assembly and a linkage assembly, the connecting rod assembly includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, the linkage assembly includes a base connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct, a sliding member is slidably connected to the base, and the sliding member has a linkage part extending beyond the base; the two ends of the first connecting rod are respectively hinged on the first speed regulating plate and the sliding member, the linkage assembly also includes a rotating seat, a rotating rod hinged on the rotating seat, and the positions of the rotating rod and the linkage part correspond; the two ends of the second connecting rod are respectively hinged on the second speed regulating plate and the rotating rod, when multiple first speed regulating plates are opened outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates drive the sliding member to slide through the first connecting rod and make the linkage part close to the rotating rod; when multiple first speed regulating plates are flipped upward from a horizontal state, the sliding member continues to slide and makes the linkage part act on the rotating rod to rotate, so as to link multiple closed second speed regulating plates to open outward.

[0008] Preferably, the rotating rod has a maximum rotation angle, and a limit portion is provided on the rotating seat. When the rotating rod is rotated to the maximum rotation angle, the rotating rod abuts against the limit portion to prevent the rotating rod from continuing to rotate; excessive rotation of the rotating rod is avoided, thereby facilitating the resetting of the rotating rod.

[0009] Preferably, two of the second connecting rods are hinged on the second speed regulating plate, and a linkage seat and a rotating rod that cooperate with the corresponding second connecting rods are provided on the outer wall of the airflow duct. The base is located between the two rotating seats, and the sliding member has two linkage parts that extend beyond the base and cooperate with the corresponding rotating rods; the symmetrical arrangement enables the first speed regulating plate to form sufficient linkage force on the second speed regulating plate.

[0010] Preferably, a first elastic sheet is connected between every two adjacent first speed regulating plates, and when the multiple first speed regulating plates are opened outward, the first elastic sheet generates elastic deformation and forms a seal for the space between the two adjacent first speed regulating plates; a second elastic sheet is connected between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates, and when the multiple second speed regulating plates are opened outward, the second elastic sheet generates elastic deformation and forms a seal for the space between the two adjacent second speed regulating plates. This prevents the generation of gaps between the two adjacent first speed regulating plates and between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates, and ensures the stability of the rising airflow.

[0011] Preferably, elastic parts are provided between the first speed regulating plate and the airflow duct and between the second speed regulating plate and the airflow duct. The corresponding elastic parts act on the first speed regulating plate and the second speed regulating plate, so that the first speed regulating plate and the second speed regulating plate always have a tendency to reset to an initial state.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating connection between the first speed regulating plate and the lower pipe mouth of the airflow duct forms a first hinged end, and the rotating connection between the second speed regulating plate and the upper pipe mouth of the airflow duct forms a second hinged end, and the elastic member is a torsion spring arranged at the first hinged end and the second hinged end; the torsion spring occupies a small space, which is convenient for structural layout.

[0013] Preferably, the upper and lower pipe openings of the airflow duct are connected to a mounting portion with a polygonal cross-sectional shape, the mounting portion has a plurality of adjacent edges, the edges are provided with a protruding hinge portion, and the first speed regulating plate and the second speed regulating plate are rotatably connected to the corresponding hinge portions.

[0014] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a transmission assembly and a linkage assembly, the linkage assembly includes a mounting seat and a linkage member, the linkage member includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the mounting seat, both ends of the rotating shaft respectively extend beyond the mounting seat, and gears and winding parts are respectively provided at both rotating ends; the transmission assembly includes a first connecting rod and a transmission cable, one end of the first connecting rod is hinged on the first speed regulating plate, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with a sliding rack corresponding to the position of the gear; one end of the transmission cable is connected to the second speed regulating plate, and the other end of the transmission cable is connected to the winding part, when multiple first speed regulating plates are opened outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates make the sliding rack close to the gear through the first connecting rod; when multiple first speed regulating plates are flipped upward from a horizontal state, the sliding rack cooperates with the gear transmission, and the winding part is linked to wind and tighten the transmission cable, so that the multiple closed second speed regulating plates are opened outward.

[0015] Preferably, a guide groove is provided on the mounting seat, a sliding rib is provided on the sliding rack, and the sliding rib is slidably connected in the guide groove; the space occupied by the linkage mechanism is further saved and the structural layout is optimized.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention using the above technical solution are: The present invention provides a deceleration regulating component and an acceleration regulating component which can be linked to each other at the lower pipe mouth position and the upper pipe mouth position of the airflow duct respectively. The second speed regulating plate in the deceleration regulating component and the first speed regulating plate in the acceleration regulating component can respectively form a deceleration or acceleration structure similar to a Laval tube with the airflow duct. When the gas flow rate is relatively low, a plurality of first speed regulating plates in the acceleration regulating component can form a conical acceleration channel with the airflow duct to increase the flow rate of the airflow and avoid excessive mixed steam from staying under the regulating mechanism. When the gas flow rate reaches a predetermined flow rate, the plurality of first speed regulating plates open outward and do not work, so that the airflow enters the upper condenser at a predetermined speed. When the gas flow rate is greater than the predetermined flow rate, the plurality of first speed regulating plates flip upward and link the plurality of second speed regulating plates to open outward, so that an inverted conical deceleration channel is formed between the plurality of second speed regulating plates and the airflow duct to reduce the flow rate of the airflow. The entire speed regulating process does not require human intervention, and only relies on the rising force of the airflow to form an adaptive regulation effect between the gas flow rate regulating mechanisms, thereby ensuring that the condensation time of the fatty acids is sufficient and reasonable, thereby improving the preparation efficiency of the fatty acids. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is the structural layout diagram of the fatty acid production equipment; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a vertical condensing assembly; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a gas flow rate regulating mechanism; Figure 4 When the velocity of the airflow is less than the predetermined velocity, the state diagram of the deceleration regulating component and the acceleration regulating component; Figure 5 When the velocity of the airflow is equal to the predetermined velocity, the state diagram of the deceleration regulating component and the acceleration regulating component; Figure 6 When the velocity of the airflow is greater than a predetermined velocity, a state diagram of the deceleration regulating component and the acceleration regulating component; Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the deceleration adjustment component and the acceleration adjustment component when the flow velocity of the airflow is less than a predetermined velocity; Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the deceleration adjustment component and the acceleration adjustment component when the flow velocity of the airflow is equal to the predetermined velocity; Fig. 9 A cross-sectional view of the deceleration adjustment component and the acceleration adjustment component when the flow velocity of the airflow is greater than a predetermined velocity; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid collecting tray; Fig.11 This is an enlarged view of the bottom of the cone on the liquid collection tray; Fig.12 A structural diagram of the position of the nozzle of the air flow duct; Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the corrugated wire mesh; Fig.14 It is a structural schematic diagram of the liquid isolation net assembly; Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the alignment and interlacing of the wave channel groups; Fig.16 Structural installation diagram of the gas flow rate regulating mechanism; Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding rack close to the gear in the linkage mechanism in Example 2; Fig.18 This is a schematic diagram of a sliding rack and a gear cooperating and linking a deceleration adjustment assembly in Example 2; The reference numerals of the figures are as follows: 1- distillation kettle, 2- distillation tower, 3- packing, 4- vertical condensation assembly, 41- shell and tube condenser, 42- condenser tube, 421- connecting hard tube, 43- cooling channel, 44- baffle, 45- liquid inlet pipe, 451- liquid storage tank, 46- liquid outlet pipe, 47- heating tube, 48- liquid replenishing pipe, 481- liquid replenishing device, 49- temperature measuring element, 5- flow rate regulating module, 51- air flow duct, 52- first speed regulating plate, 521- first elastic sheet, 53- second speed regulating plate, 531- second elastic sheet, 54- first connecting rod, 55- second connecting rod, 56- sliding member, 56a- base, 56b- slide groove, 57- Rotating rod, 571-rotating seat, 572-limiting part, 58-installing part, 581-hinge part, 6-liquid isolation net assembly, 61-corrugated wire mesh, 611-unit orifice plate, 62-annular hoop, 621-flange ring, 622-positioning hole, 63-wavy channel, 7-liquid collecting tray, 7a-enclosing part, 71-through hole, 72-liquid collecting area, 73-hollow tube, 74-support part, 75-through groove, 76-conical liquid guiding surface, 761-bottom surface, 77-inverted cone-shaped air guiding surface, 771-top surface, 78-edge plate, 79-guide groove, 78a-collector, 79a-collecting tube, 8-vacuum pump, 81-connecting tube, 9-installing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0019] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] The present invention has multiple embodiments, and the specific implementation methods are as follows: Example 1: Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a fatty acid preparation device, in which a gas flow rate regulating mechanism is arranged. The device includes a still 1 filled with a fatty acid mixture, a distillation tower 2 pre-installed with a filler 3 is installed on the upper end of the still 1, and the distillation tower 2 is connected to the still 1; the filler 3 can be a plurality of corrugated plates arranged closely and tightened by a sleeve; the sleeve is fixedly installed in the distillation tower 2; the filler 3 can make the flow of the rising high-temperature mixed vapor more uniform; a vertical condensation assembly 4 is installed above the filler 3, and the vertical condensation assembly 4 includes a plurality of shell and tube condensers 41 arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the shell and tube condenser 41 is in the distillation tower 2. In this embodiment, the shell and tube condenser 41 is a vertical shell and tube condenser, and the shell and tube condenser 41 includes a condensation shell and a single or multiple condensation tubes 42 extending in the longitudinal direction in the condensation shell, and the condensation tubes 4 A cooling channel 43 for allowing the coolant to flow is formed between 2 and the condensation shell, and the cooling channel 43 is isolated from the condenser tube 42; the condenser tubes 42 in every two upper and lower adjacent shell and tube condensers 41 correspond to each other and are interconnected; specifically, the interconnection in this embodiment means that the upper and lower shells are fixedly connected and the condenser tubes 42 correspond to each other, and there is still a space between the condenser tube 42 at the upper end and the condenser tube 42 at the lower end; the condensation temperature of the multiple shell and tube condensers 41 adjacent to each other from bottom to top decreases step by step; the shell and tube condenser 41 at the top is the final shell and tube condenser; the condenser tube 42 of the final shell and tube condenser is connected to a vacuum pump 8; the vacuum pump 8 is connected to the condenser tube 42 of the final shell and tube condenser through a connecting pipe 81, and provides a vacuum preparation environment for the fatty acid preparation process to improve the preparation efficiency; Furthermore, during processing, the fatty acid mixture in the distillation kettle 1 is heated, and the vacuum pump 8 is working at the same time, so that the high-temperature mixed vapor containing the mixed fatty acids rises through the filler 3, and then gradually passes through a plurality of shell and tube condensers 41 with gradually decreasing condensation temperatures from bottom to top, and the fatty acids at the corresponding condensation points are condensed into liquid. The liquid fatty acids in each shell and tube condenser 41 automatically flow downward out of the corresponding condenser tube 42 under the action of gravity. This segmented condensation preparation method allows the gaseous fatty acids to have sufficient condensation time, and the condensed liquid fatty acids quickly flow out of the condenser tube 43 after the condensation is completed, thereby avoiding condensation of the liquid fatty acids in the tube wall of the condenser tube 43, reducing the probability of blockage of the vacuum pump 8 or the connecting tube 81, and improving the preparation efficiency.

[0021] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the vertical condensation assembly 4 has three shell and tube condensers 41, and the three shell and tube condensers 41 form three condensation zones with different condensation temperatures. In order to make the condensed liquid fatty acid overcome the effect of atmospheric pressure and flow downward stably, the longitudinal length of the condenser tube 42 in the shell and tube condenser 41 at the bottom and the shell and tube condenser 41 in the middle is 1500 mm, and the longitudinal length of the condenser tube 42 in the shell and tube condenser 41 at the top is between 1000 mm and 1500 mm. Taking practical application as an example, for example, in the high-temperature mixed vapor, there are 18-carbon saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 72°C, 16-carbon saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 63°C, and low-carbon fatty acids with a condensation point of less than 63°C. When the steam passes through the three shell and tube condensers 41 from bottom to top, the 18-carbon saturated fatty acids will be condensed into liquid in the shell and tube condenser 41 at the bottom, the 16-carbon saturated fatty acids will be condensed into liquid in the shell and tube condenser 41 in the middle, and the low-carbon fatty acids will be condensed into liquid in the shell and tube condenser 41 at the top. Since the condensing tubes 42 are closed and connected to each other and have sufficient length, these liquid fatty acids can overcome the supporting force of atmospheric pressure and flow downward under the action of gravity. In actual production, the use of this preparation method can greatly reduce the blockage frequency of the vacuum pump 8. The vacuum pump 8 and the connecting pipe 81, which originally needed to be cleaned every 2-3 days, now only need to be cleaned every 15 days or more, which reduces the shutdown frequency during fatty acid preparation and improves the preparation efficiency.

[0022] Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to make the condensation temperatures in the multiple shell and tube condensers 41 different so as to condense the fatty acid monomers with different condensation points, each shell and tube condenser 41 is equipped with a liquid inlet pipe 45 and a liquid outlet pipe 46 communicating with the cooling channel 43. In every two upper and lower adjacent shell and tube condensers 41, the liquid outlet pipe 46 of the upper shell and tube condenser 41 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 45 of the lower shell and tube condenser 41. Specifically, the liquid outlet pipe 46 of the upper shell and tube condenser 41 is sealed and connected to the liquid inlet pipe 45 of the lower shell and tube condenser 41 through a connecting hard pipe 421. The liquid inlet pipe 45 of the final shell and tube condenser is connected with a conveying device, and the conveying device includes a liquid storage tank 451 connected to the liquid inlet pipe 45. In order to facilitate the conveying of the cooling liquid, it is also possible to A gear pump or other boosting device is arranged between the liquid storage tank 451 and the liquid inlet pipe 45; the coolant is introduced into the liquid inlet pipe 45 of the final shell and tube condenser, and the temperature of the coolant increases after heat exchange with the high-temperature mixed steam in the corresponding condenser tube 42 and flows downward into the cooling channel 43 of the next shell and tube condenser 41, and the cycle is repeated until the coolant flows out from the liquid outlet pipe 46 of the lowermost shell and tube condenser 41, so as to ensure that the condensation temperature of the multiple shell and tube condensers 41 from bottom to top decreases step by step; by interconnecting the cooling channels 43 of each shell and tube condenser 41, the coolant flows through each shell and tube condenser 41 from top to bottom, so that each shell and tube condenser 41 forms a different condensation temperature, so as to facilitate the condensation of fatty acid monomers with different condensation points into liquid.

[0023] Furthermore, if the coolant directly passes through the cooling channels 43 of each shell and tube condenser 41 in sequence, insufficient heat exchange may be caused due to excessively fast flow rate, so that the condensation temperatures of each shell and tube condenser 41 tend to be the same, and it is difficult to form condensation zones with different condensation temperatures. Therefore, a plurality of baffles 44 are provided in the cooling channel 43 of the shell and tube condenser 41. In the present embodiment, at least four layers of baffles 44 are arranged in the cooling channel 43 at intervals along the longitudinal direction. The baffles 44 can be fixed on the inner wall of the shell, or can be surrounded and fixed on the outer wall of the condenser tube 43; the baffles 44 reduce the downward flow speed of the coolant, so that the coolant can flow downward into the next cooling channel 43 after sufficient heat exchange with the high-temperature mixed vapor in the corresponding shell and tube condenser 41; and prevent the coolant from flowing too quickly into the cooling channel 43 in the next shell and tube condenser 41, thereby ensuring the efficiency of fatty acid production.

[0024] Furthermore, after the condensation is completed, most of the liquid fatty acids will flow downward out of the condenser tube 43, but some liquid fatty acids may still hang on the inner wall of the condenser tube 43. Therefore, at least one shell and tube condenser 41 is equipped with a heating tube connected to the cooling channel 43. After step S3, there is also a step S4: high-temperature heating steam is introduced into the heating tube. In order to melt the fatty acid monomers with different condensation points, the temperature of the high-temperature steam introduced in this embodiment is 80°C-90°C, which is much higher than the condensation point of each fatty acid monomer; the high-temperature steam causes the liquid fatty acids condensed on the condenser tube 42 to flow downward out of the condenser tube 42 of the corresponding shell and tube condenser 41; it prevents some liquid fatty acids from hanging on the inner wall of the condenser tube 42, thereby improving the fat end preparation and collection efficiency.

[0025] Furthermore, the liquid fatty acid flowing out of the corresponding condenser 43 needs to be collected, so the vertical condensation assembly 4 also includes a collecting device, which includes a liquid collecting pan 7 located between the vertical condensation assembly 4 and the packing 3 and used to collect the liquid fatty acid. Specifically, a lap ring (not shown) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the distillation tower 2, and the liquid collecting pan 7 is overlapped and fixed to the upper end of the lap ring; the liquid collecting pan 7 is connected to a collecting pipe 79a, and the collecting pipe 79a is connected to an external collector 78a; in order to allow the liquid fatty acid to overcome the atmospheric pressure and flow downward into the collector 78a, the longitudinal length of the collecting pipe 79a is not less than 13m; in order to facilitate the collection of the liquid fatty acid, a collecting pipe 79a can also be provided on the collecting pipe. A gear pump is arranged between 79a and the collector 78a for extraction; a plurality of through holes 71 which pass through from top to bottom are arranged at intervals on the liquid collecting tray 7, and a hollow tube 73 corresponding to the position of the through hole 71 is installed on the upper end of the liquid collecting tray 7, and the aperture of the hollow tube 73 is greater than or equal to the aperture of the through hole 71; the hollow tube 73 is integrally formed with the upper end of the liquid collecting tray 7, and the hollow tube 73 allows high-temperature mixed vapor to pass upward; a liquid collecting area 72 is formed between the plurality of hollow tubes 73, and the liquid fatty acids in the plurality of shell and tube condensers 41 flow into the liquid collecting area 72 under the action of gravity, and then enter the collector 78a; the plurality of fatty acid monomers are condensed into liquid and then flow into the collector 78a, so as to prevent the liquid fatty acids from flowing back into the distillation kettle 1.

[0026] Furthermore, after the liquid fatty acid falls, a small portion of the liquid fat end is likely to fall back into the distillation kettle through the opening of the conduit; in addition, in order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the liquid collecting tray, there is a gap between the inner wall of the distillation tower 2 and the liquid collecting tray 7, and there is a height difference between the lower end of the condenser tube 42 of the lowermost shell and tube condenser 41 and the liquid collecting tray 7. The gravitational potential energy of the liquid fatty acid is relatively high when it falls, and the impact force on the tray body after falling into the liquid collecting tray 7 is relatively large, which can easily cause the liquid fatty acid to scatter in all directions and splash onto the inner wall of the distillation tower, and then flow downward into the gap between the inner wall of the distillation tower and the liquid collecting tray. To avoid this phenomenon, as Figure 10-11 As shown, in this embodiment, the hollow tube 73 of the liquid collecting plate 7 corresponds to the position of the upper condensing tube 42, and a plurality of support portions 74 spaced apart along the circumferential direction are provided at the opening of the upper end of the hollow tube 73, and a through groove 77 allowing gas to pass upward is formed between every two adjacent support portions 74; the upper end of the support portion 74 is connected to a cone for receiving liquid fatty acids, and a conical liquid guide surface 76 is provided on the cone, and a plurality of ridges 78 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the conical liquid guide surface 76, each ridge 78 extends obliquely in the longitudinal direction, and a guide groove 79 is formed between every two adjacent ridges 78; the plurality of ridges 78 can form a buffer for the falling liquid fatty acids, and divide the falling liquid fatty acids into a plurality of liquid flows that flow downward along the guide grooves 79 into the liquid collecting area 72, which not only slows down the falling speed of the liquid fatty acids, but also prevents the liquid fatty acids from hanging on the conical liquid guide surface 761, so that the falling liquid fatty acids can flow smoothly into the liquid collecting area 72.

[0027] Furthermore, when the high-temperature mixed vapor rises to the upper tube mouth of the hollow tube 73, the conical body tends to block the vapor. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the lower end of the conical body has a bottom surface 761, and an inverted cone is connected to the bottom surface 761. The inverted cone has an inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77. The cross-sectional area of ​​the inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77 gradually increases from bottom to top. Therefore, the inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77 allows the rising gas to diffuse outward and lead out of the through groove 77, so that the high-temperature mixed vapor quickly passes upward through the liquid collecting plate 7.

[0028] Furthermore, in order to prevent the liquid fatty acid that falls into the liquid collecting tray 7 from flowing back into the distillation kettle 1 along the inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77, the top of the inverted cone has a top surface 771 that is connected to the bottom surface 761 of the cone, and the top surface 771 is surrounded by the bottom surface 761, thereby preventing the falling liquid fatty acid from contacting the inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77, allowing the liquid fatty acid to fall smoothly into the liquid collecting tray 1.

[0029] Furthermore, the cone and the inverted cone can be a conical structure or a pyramidal structure. In order to ensure the lightness and low cost of the liquid collecting tray 7, the cone and the inverted cone are closed hollow structures.

[0030] Furthermore, in order to ensure the receiving effect of the liquid collecting tray 7, the liquid collecting tray 7 includes a bottom tray and a baffle 7a integrally formed at the edge of the bottom side, the baffle 7a extends upward beyond the upper end of the liquid collecting tray 7 to prevent the liquid fatty acid falling into the liquid collecting area 72 from overflowing; the upper end opening of the hollow tube 73 extends upward beyond the baffle 7a to prevent the liquid fatty acid in the liquid collecting area 72 from flowing back into the hollow tube 73.

[0031] Furthermore, the support portion 74 in the present embodiment is a rod-shaped structure that occupies a small space and facilitates the upward outflow of gas; in addition, the number of the support portions 74 should be within a reasonable range. If the number of the support portions 74 is too large, the width of the through groove 75 will become smaller, resulting in poor gas flow; if the number of the support portions 74 is too small, it will be difficult to form a stable support for the cone. Therefore, the number of the support portions 74 in the present embodiment ranges from 2 to 6, taking into account both the structural stability of the cone and the fluidity of the gas.

[0032] Furthermore, when the falling liquid fatty acids come into contact with the ribs 78, most of the liquid fatty acids will be divided and enter the guide grooves 79, but a small portion of the liquid fatty acids will still hang on the ribs 78. To avoid this phenomenon, in this embodiment, the ribs 78 are triangular or trapezoidal, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the ribs 78 gradually decreases from top to bottom, so that when a small portion of the liquid fatty acids flow downward under the action of gravity, the contact area with the ribs 78 becomes smaller and smaller, and gradually enters the guide grooves 79, thereby improving the collection efficiency of the liquid collection tray 7.

[0033] Further, if Figure 3-9As shown, the high-temperature mixed steam passing through the filler 3 needs to maintain a stable flow rate to optimize the condensation efficiency of the fatty acid. However, in actual production, as the mixture in the distillation kettle 1 is heated and reacted, the flow rate of the rising high-temperature steam is difficult to control. In the initial state, the mixture does not react violently, so that the rising flow rate of the high-temperature steam is slow. After heating for a period of time, the rising flow rate of the high-temperature steam will become faster and faster. In order to avoid the uncertainty of the gas flow rate on the fatty acid preparation process. The gas flow rate regulating mechanism is provided between the filler 3 and the vertical condensation component 4 in this embodiment. The gas flow rate regulating mechanism is equivalent to a flow rate regulating module 5, including an airflow duct 51 extending in the vertical direction, a deceleration regulating component and an acceleration regulating component respectively arranged at the upper and lower pipe openings of the airflow duct 51. The acceleration regulating assembly includes a plurality of first speed regulating plates 52 which are evenly distributed along the circumference and rotatably connected to the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct 51; the deceleration regulating assembly includes a plurality of second speed regulating plates 53 which are evenly distributed along the circumference and rotatably connected to the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct 51, and the plurality of second speed regulating plates 53 correspond to the plurality of first speed regulating plates 52 one by one; a linkage mechanism is provided between the mutually corresponding first speed regulating plates 52 and second speed regulating plates 53; in the initial state, the plurality of first speed regulating plates 52 are opened outward and form a conical acceleration channel which is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom between the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct 51, and the plurality of second speed regulating plates 53 are closed inward to a vertical state; the principle of acceleration of the conical acceleration channel is the existing Laval tube principle, that is, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe through which the airflow passes is suddenly reduced, so that the flow velocity of the airflow is increased, and the specific principle will not be repeated here; The gas flow rate regulating mechanism has an acceleration mode, a uniform speed mode, and a deceleration mode. When the flow rate of the rising airflow gradually increases and is less than a predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism is in the acceleration mode. At this time, the plurality of first speed regulating plates 52 are further opened under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow is accelerated through the conical acceleration pipe and then passes upward through the airflow pipe 51; when the gas flow rate gradually increases and is equal to the predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism switches to the uniform speed mode, and the plurality of first speed regulating plates 52 are opened outward to a horizontal state under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow passes upward through the airflow pipe 51 at a predetermined speed; when the gas flow rate gradually increases and is equal to the predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism switches to the uniform speed mode, and the plurality of first speed regulating plates 52 are opened outward to a horizontal state under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow passes upward through the airflow pipe 51 at a predetermined speed; When the gas flow rate is greater than the predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism switches to the deceleration mode, and the first speed regulating plate 52 flips upward from the horizontal state under the action of the airflow and opens outward through the linkage mechanism to link the corresponding second speed regulating plate 53, so that an inverted cone-shaped deceleration channel with a wide top and a narrow bottom is formed between the multiple second speed regulating plates 53 and the upper pipe mouth, so that the airflow after passing through the airflow duct 51 upward can reduce the flow speed through the inverted cone-shaped deceleration channel; so that the high-temperature mixed vapor with fatty acids can rise at a relatively stable speed and enter the vertical condensation assembly 4, thereby ensuring the condensation effect and improving the production efficiency of fatty acids.

[0034] Further, the specific structure of the linkage mechanism is as follows: the linkage mechanism includes a connecting rod assembly and a linkage assembly, the connecting rod assembly includes a first connecting rod 55 and a second connecting rod 55, the linkage assembly includes a base 56a connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct 51, a sliding member 56 is slidably connected to the base 56a, and the sliding member 56 has a linkage portion 561 that extends beyond the base 56a; wherein the base 56a is provided with a slide groove 56b on both sides, the sliding member 56 has a linkage portion 561 that extends beyond the base 56a, the sliding member 56 is rod-shaped, and the linkage portion 561 is a portion that extends beyond the slide groove 56b; the two ends of the first connecting rod 55 are respectively hinged on the first speed regulating plate 52 and On the sliding member 56, the linkage assembly also includes a rotating seat 571 and a rotating rod 57 hinged on the rotating seat 571, and the rotating rod 57 and the linkage part 561 correspond in position; the two ends of the second connecting rod 55 are respectively hinged on the second speed regulating plate 53 and the rotating rod 57. When the multiple first speed regulating plates 52 are opened outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates 52 drive the sliding member 56 to slide through the first connecting rod 55 and make the linkage part 561 close to the rotating rod 57; when the multiple first speed regulating plates 52 are flipped upward from the horizontal state, the sliding member 56 continues to slide and makes the linkage part 561 act on the rotating rod 57 to rotate, so as to link the multiple closed second speed regulating plates 53 to open outward.

[0035] Furthermore, since the linkage structure is a hinged connecting rod structure, to prevent the connecting rod structure from excessive deformation, the rotating rod 57 has a maximum rotation angle, and a limiting portion 572 is provided on the rotating seat 571. When the rotating rod 57 is rotated to the maximum rotation angle, the rotating rod 57 abuts against the limiting portion 572 to prevent the rotating rod 57 from continuing to rotate, thereby preventing the rotating rod 57 from excessive rotation, thereby facilitating the resetting of the rotating rod 57.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment, two of the second connecting rods 55 are hinged on the second speed regulating plate 53, and a linkage seat and a rotating rod 57 that cooperate with the corresponding second connecting rods 55 are provided on the outer wall of the airflow duct 51. The base 56a is located between the two rotating seats 571, and the sliding member 56 has two linkage parts 561 that extend beyond the base 56a and cooperate with the corresponding rotating rods 57. The symmetrical arrangement can enable the first speed regulating plate 53 to form sufficient linkage force on the second speed regulating plate 53.

[0037] Furthermore, in order to prevent gaps from being generated between two adjacent first speed regulating plates 52 and between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates 53 and to ensure the stability of the rising airflow, a first elastic sheet 521 is connected between every two adjacent first speed regulating plates 52. When multiple first speed regulating plates 52 are opened outward, the first elastic sheet 521 produces elastic deformation and forms a seal for the space between the two adjacent first speed regulating plates 52; a second elastic sheet 531 is connected between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates 53. When multiple second speed regulating plates 53 are opened outward, the second elastic sheet 531 produces elastic deformation and forms a seal for the space between the two adjacent second speed regulating plates 53. Prevent gaps from being generated between two adjacent first speed regulating plates 52 and between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates 53, thereby ensuring the stability of the rising airflow; the first elastic sheet 521 and the second elastic sheet 531 are both made of elastic sheet materials, such as rubber materials. The first elastic sheet 521 and the second elastic sheet 531 can also be a folding structure. For example, the sheet material is pre-folded along a wave shape to form a folding structure that can be opened or closed. The folding structure is similar to the structure of a folding fan.

[0038] Furthermore, in actual production, the first speed regulating plate 52 will be acted on when the airflow rises. When the processing and production stops, the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53 need to be reset to the initial state. Therefore, in this embodiment, elastic members are provided between the first speed regulating plate 52 and the airflow duct 51, and between the second speed regulating plate 53 and the airflow duct 51. The corresponding elastic members act on the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53, so that the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53 always have a tendency to reset to the initial state; specifically, the first speed regulating plate 52 and the lower pipe mouth of the airflow duct 51 The rotational connection forms a first hinged end, and the second speed regulating plate 53 and the upper pipe mouth of the airflow duct 51. The elastic member is a torsion spring (not shown) arranged at the position of the first hinged end and the second hinged end; the torsion spring occupies a small space, which is convenient for structural layout.

[0039] Further, if Fig.12 As shown, the cross-section of the airflow duct 51 in this embodiment is circular, which is not convenient for setting the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53. Therefore, in order to facilitate the installation of the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53, the upper pipe mouth and the lower pipe mouth of the airflow duct 51 are connected with a mounting portion 58 with a polygonal cross-sectional shape. The mounting portion 58 has a plurality of adjacent edges, and a protruding hinge portion 581 is provided on the edge. The first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53 are rotatably connected to the corresponding hinge portion 581.

[0040] like Fig.16As shown, the airflow duct 51 is also located in the distillation tower 2, wherein an annular strap is installed on the inner wall of the distillation tower 2, and screw holes are arranged on the annular strap, and a mounting ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct 51, and a plurality of waist-shaped grooves for avoiding the second connecting rod 55 and mounting holes circumferentially spaced from the waist-shaped grooves are arranged on the mounting ring, and the mounting holes correspond to the screw holes in one-to-one position; by locking the mounting ring and the annular strap, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism 5 is installed between the packing 3 and the vertical condensation assembly 4 in the distillation tower 2.

[0041] Furthermore, after the high-temperature mixed vapor passes through the condenser tube 42 of the shell and tube condenser 41 at the lower end, the fatty acid monomers at the corresponding condensation point are condensed into liquid, but the rising vapor is likely to carry a small amount of droplets into the shell and tube condenser 41 at the upper end with a lower condensation temperature. At the lower condensation temperature, these droplets are likely to condense on the tube wall of the condenser tube 42, causing the condenser tube 42 to be blocked. In order to block the droplets and ensure the smooth condensation process, an installation space with a height of 500 mm is reserved between every two adjacent condensers 42, and a liquid isolation net assembly 6 for blocking the liquid is installed in the installation space, such as Figure 13-15 As shown, the liquid barrier net assembly 6 includes a plurality of vertically and closely arranged corrugated screens 61, and a corrugated channel 63 extending along the wave shape is provided between two adjacent corrugated screens 61, and a plurality of corrugated channels 63 constitute a wave channel group; the corrugated screen 61 has a plurality of liquid barrier holes for blocking liquid droplets, and the high-temperature mixed vapor passes upward through the wave channel group, and the plurality of liquid barrier holes blocks the mixed liquid carried by the high-temperature mixed vapor under the corresponding condenser tube 42; to prevent the mixed vapor from rising and carrying part of the entrained liquid fatty acid into the condenser tube 42 of the upper shell and tube condenser 41, to avoid the fatty acid monomers with higher condensation temperature from condensing in the condenser tube 43 in the previous shell and tube condenser 41 with lower condensation temperature, and to ensure the fatty acid production process.

[0042] Further, if Fig.15 As shown, a plurality of corrugated screens 61 constitute a corrugated screen group, and a plurality of corrugated screen groups arranged up and down are provided in the annular clamp; to ensure the liquid isolation effect, two layers of corrugated screen groups are provided in the annular clamp in this embodiment; if two upper and lower adjacent wave channel groups are aligned with each other, the plurality of corrugated screens 61 can only form a single barrier to the droplets in the high-temperature steam, so in order to provide a barrier effect, in this embodiment, every two upper and lower adjacent wave channel groups are staggered with each other to form multiple barriers to the mixed liquid carried by the rising high-temperature mixed steam; after the high-temperature mixed steam passes through a layer of corrugated channel group, the upper layer of corrugated screen group will block the high-temperature mixed steam again to isolate part of the liquid fatty acids in the mixed steam as much as possible.

[0043] Further, to facilitate the installation of multiple corrugated screens 61, the annular hoop includes multiple annular sub-hoops 62 that are butt-jointed with each other, and the liquid isolation net assembly 6 is correspondingly installed in each annular sub-hoop 62. Each annular sub-hoop 62 can rotate along the vertical axis and stop at a corresponding position to adjust the staggered angles of the two corrugated groove groups in the corresponding two upper and lower adjacent liquid isolation net assemblies 6; specifically, one end of the annular sub-hoop 62 is provided with a flange ring 621, and a plurality of positioning holes 622 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the flange ring 621, and the flange rings 621 of every two upper and lower adjacent annular sub-hoops 62 are butt-jointed with each other; after the corresponding annular sub-hoop 62 is rotated to a predetermined position, the positioning holes 622 of the two upper and lower adjacent flange rings 621 correspond one to one and are locked by screws; to facilitate installation, a lap ring plate is installed on the inner wall of the distillation tower 2, and the locked flange ring 621 is also convenient to be placed on the lap ring plate on the inner wall of the distillation tower 2 for fixation.

[0044] Furthermore, the corrugated liquid barrier 61 is a corrugated wire mesh formed by a plurality of stainless steel wires interlaced with each other, the wire diameter of the stainless steel wires ranges from 1.2 mm to 1.8 mm, so as to form fine liquid barrier holes; the corrugated liquid barrier 61 includes a plurality of equally spaced bending sections, and a vertical unit orifice plate 611 is formed between every two adjacent bending sections. To facilitate installation and ensure the liquid barrier effect, the angle between every two unit orifice plates 611 is 60°, and the vertical height of the unit orifice plate 611 ranges from 45 mm to 60 mm; and to ensure that high-temperature steam can pass through while forming an effective barrier to droplets, the mesh number of the liquid barrier holes on the corrugated liquid barrier 61 in this embodiment ranges from 110 to 125, and the mesh number is the number of liquid barrier holes per square centimeter.

[0045] Further, after the coolant in the final shell and tube condenser flows downward into the next shell and tube condenser, if the temperature of the corresponding condenser is still too high and does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to increase the amount of coolant inlet. Specifically, a condensation temperature adjustment component is installed on the vertical condensation component 4, and the condensation temperature adjustment component includes a controller and a temperature measuring element 49. The temperature measuring element 49 is installed at the position of the liquid outlet pipe 46 of the final shell and tube condenser; the temperature measuring element 49 is usually a thermometer that can be electrically connected to the controller. The final shell and tube condenser conveys coolant to the liquid inlet pipe 45 through a conveying device, and the conveying device includes a liquid storage tank 451 and a power conveying member. The power conveying member can be a motor (not shown) electrically connected to the controller, and the motor is usually connected to a gear pump ( The controller is electrically connected to the temperature measuring element 49 and the conveying device; the temperature measuring element 49 detects the cooling temperature and feeds back a detection signal to the controller, and the controller determines whether to control the conveying device to increase the delivery amount of the cooling liquid according to the detection signal; for example, when the temperature measuring element 49 measures that the condensation temperature in the corresponding shell and tube condenser 41 meets the standard, the temperature measuring element 49 will not send a signal to the controller, so that the cooling liquid enters the cooling channel of the final shell and tube condenser with a normal intake amount; when the temperature measuring element 49 measures that the condensation temperature in the corresponding shell and tube condenser 41 does not meet the standard, it will send a signal to the conveying device to increase the intake amount of the cooling liquid, so that the condensation temperature in each shell and tube condenser 41 is in a stable state.

[0046] Furthermore, in addition to increasing the amount of coolant entering the final-stage shell-and-tube condenser, the present embodiment can also control the condensation temperature through another design. Specifically, a condensation temperature regulating assembly is installed on the vertical condensation assembly 4, and the condensation temperature regulating assembly includes a controller and a temperature measuring element 49. The temperature measuring element 49 is usually a thermometer that can be electrically connected to the controller. Except for the final-stage shell-and-tube condenser, the temperature measuring element 49 is installed at the position of the liquid outlet pipe 46 of each of the remaining shell-and-tube condensers 41, and each of the remaining shell-and-tube condensers 41 is installed with a liquid replenishing pipe 48 connected to the corresponding cooling channel 43, and the liquid replenishing pipe 48 is connected to a liquid replenishing device 481 for replenishing coolant into the corresponding cooling channel 43. The liquid replenishing device 481 has a similar structure to the conveying device. Similar; the controller is electrically connected to the temperature measuring element 49 and the fluid replenishing device 481; the temperature measuring element 49 at the corresponding position detects the cooling temperature and feeds back the detection signal to the controller, and the controller determines whether to control the corresponding fluid replenishing device 481 to replenish the coolant into the corresponding cooling channel 43 according to the detection signal; for example, when the temperature measuring element 49 measures that the condensation temperature in the corresponding shell and tube condenser 41 meets the standard, the temperature measuring element 49 will not send a signal to the controller, and the fluid replenishing device will not work at this time; when the temperature measuring element 49 measures that the condensation temperature in the corresponding shell and tube condenser 41 does not meet the standard, it will send a signal to the conveying device to make the fluid replenishing device work and pass the coolant into the corresponding shell and tube condenser 41, so that the condensation temperature in each shell and tube condenser 41 is in a stable state.

[0047] Example 2: Figure 17-18 As shown, this embodiment provides another linkage mechanism, which includes a transmission assembly and a linkage assembly. The linkage assembly includes a mounting seat 59 and a linkage member. The linkage member includes a rotating shaft 591 rotatably connected to the mounting seat 59, and both ends of the rotating shaft 591 extend beyond the mounting seat 59, and a gear 592 and a winding portion 593 are respectively provided at both ends of the rotation; the transmission assembly includes a first connecting rod 54 and a transmission cable 53a. The transmission cable 53a can be a steel wire or a pull rope made of corrosion-resistant material; one end of the first connecting rod 54 is hinged on the first speed regulating plate 52, and the other end of the first connecting rod 54 is hinged with a sliding rack 594 corresponding to the position of the gear 592; one end of the transmission cable 53a is connected to the first speed regulating plate 52, and the other end of the first connecting rod 54 is hinged with a sliding rack 594 corresponding to the position of the gear 592; one end of the transmission cable 53a is connected to On the second speed regulating plate 53, the other end of the transmission cable 53a is connected to the winding part 593, and the winding part 593 is equivalent to a reel; when the multiple first speed regulating plates 52 are opened outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates 52 make the sliding rack 594 close to the gear 592 through the first connecting rod 54; when the multiple first speed regulating plates 52 are flipped upward from the horizontal state, the sliding rack 594 cooperates with the gear 592 in transmission, and the winding part 593 is linked to wind and tighten the transmission cable 53a, so that the multiple closed second speed regulating plates 53 are opened outward; the linkage mechanism can also make the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53 produce linkage, so as to ensure the adjustment effect of the gas flow rate adjustment mechanism.

[0048] Furthermore, the installation structure of the sliding rack 594 is as follows: to facilitate installation and layout, a guide groove 596 is provided on the mounting seat 59, and a sliding rib 595 is provided on the sliding rack 594, and the sliding rib 595 is slidably connected in the guide groove 596; while making the sliding rack 594 slide, the space occupied by the linkage mechanism is further saved and the structural layout is optimized.

[0049] The present invention and its embodiments are described schematically above, and the description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by it and designs a structural method and an embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the invention, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises an airflow duct (51) extending in a vertical direction, a deceleration adjustment component and an acceleration adjustment component respectively arranged at the upper pipe opening and the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct (51), wherein the acceleration adjustment component comprises a plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and rotatably connected to the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct (51); the deceleration adjustment component comprises a plurality of second speed regulating plates (53) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and rotatably connected to the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct (51), wherein the plurality of second speed regulating plates (53) correspond to the plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) one by one; a linkage mechanism is provided between the first speed regulating plates (52) and the second speed regulating plates (53) corresponding to each other; in an initial state, the plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) are opened outwards and form a tapered acceleration channel with a narrow top and a wide bottom with the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct (51), and the plurality of second speed regulating plates (53) are closed inwards to a vertical state; The gas flow rate regulating mechanism has an acceleration mode, a uniform speed mode, and a deceleration mode. When the flow rate of the rising airflow gradually increases and is less than a predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism is in the acceleration mode. At this time, the plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) are further opened under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow is accelerated after passing through the conical acceleration pipe and then passes through the airflow pipe (51) upward. When the gas flow rate gradually increases and is equal to the predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism switches to the uniform speed mode. The plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) are opened outward to a horizontal state under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow passes through the airflow pipe (51) upward at a predetermined speed. When the gas flow rate is greater than the predetermined speed, the gas flow rate regulating mechanism switches to the deceleration mode. The first speed regulating plates (52) are turned upward from a horizontal state under the action of the airflow and are linked to the corresponding second speed regulating plates (53) through a linkage mechanism to open outward, so that an inverted conical deceleration channel with a width at the top and a narrowness at the bottom is formed between the plurality of second speed regulating plates (53) and the upper pipe opening, so that the airflow passing through the airflow pipe (51) upward has its flow speed reduced through the inverted conical deceleration channel.

2. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage mechanism comprises a connecting rod assembly and a linkage assembly, wherein the connecting rod assembly comprises a first connecting rod (55) and a second connecting rod (55), and the linkage assembly comprises a base (56a) connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct (51), a sliding member (56) being slidably connected to the base (56a), and the sliding member (56) having a linkage portion (561) extending beyond the base (56a); two ends of the first connecting rod (55) are respectively hinged to the first speed regulating plate (52) and the sliding member (56), and the linkage assembly further comprises a rotating seat (571), a rotating rod (57) hinged to the rotating seat (571), and the rotating rod (57) The second connecting rod (55) is hinged at two ends on the second speed regulating plate (53) and the rotating rod (57), respectively. When the plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) are opened outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates (52) drive the sliding member (56) to slide through the first connecting rod (55) and make the linkage part (561) close to the rotating rod (57). When the plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) are turned upward from the horizontal state, the sliding member (56) continues to slide and makes the linkage part (561) act on the rotating rod (57) to rotate, so as to link the plurality of closed second speed regulating plates (53) to open outward.

3. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating rod (57) has a maximum rotation angle, and a limiting portion (572) is provided on the rotating seat (571). When the rotating rod (57) rotates to the maximum rotation angle, the rotating rod (57) abuts against the limiting portion (572) to prevent the rotating rod (57) from continuously rotating.

4. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second speed regulating plate (53) is hingedly connected to the two second connecting rods (55); the outer wall of the airflow duct (51) is provided with a linkage seat and a rotating rod (57) that cooperate with the corresponding second connecting rods (55); the base (56a) is located between the two rotating seats (571); and the sliding member (56) has two linkage parts (561) that extend beyond the base (56a) and cooperate with the corresponding rotating rods (57).

5. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first elastic sheet (521) is connected between every two adjacent first speed regulating plates (52); when the plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) are opened outward, the first elastic sheet (521) generates elastic deformation and forms a seal on the space between the two adjacent first speed regulating plates (52); and a second elastic sheet (531) is connected between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates (53); when the plurality of second speed regulating plates (53) are opened outward, the second elastic sheet (531) generates elastic deformation and forms a seal on the space between the two adjacent second speed regulating plates (53).

6. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Elastic members are provided between the first speed regulating plate (52) and the airflow duct (51), and between the second speed regulating plate (53) and the airflow duct (51). The corresponding elastic members act on the first speed regulating plate (52) and the second speed regulating plate (53), so that the first speed regulating plate (52) and the second speed regulating plate (53) always have a tendency to return to an initial state.

7. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotational connection between the first speed regulating plate (52) and the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct (51) forms a first hinged end, the rotational connection between the second speed regulating plate (53) and the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct (51) forms a second hinged end, and the elastic member is a torsion spring arranged at the positions of the first hinged end and the second hinged end.

8. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower pipe openings of the airflow duct (51) are both connected to a mounting portion (58) having a polygonal cross-sectional shape. The mounting portion (58) has a plurality of adjacent edges, and a protruding hinge portion (581) is provided on the edges. The first speed regulating plate (52) and the second speed regulating plate (53) are rotatably connected to the corresponding hinge portions (581).

9. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage mechanism comprises a transmission assembly and a linkage assembly, wherein the linkage assembly comprises a mounting seat (59) and a linkage member, wherein the linkage member comprises a rotating shaft (591) rotatably connected to the mounting seat (59), wherein both ends of the rotating shaft (591) respectively extend beyond the mounting seat (59), and gears (592) and winding portions (593) are respectively provided at the rotating ends; the transmission assembly comprises a first connecting rod (54) and a transmission cable (53a), wherein one end of the first connecting rod (54) is hinged to the first speed regulating plate (52), and the other end of the first connecting rod (54) is hinged to a sliding rack (594) corresponding to the position of the gear (592); the transmission cable One end of the transmission cable (53a) is connected to the second speed regulating plate (53), and the other end of the transmission cable (53a) is connected to the winding portion (593). When the plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) are opened outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates (52) move the sliding rack (594) close to the gear (592) through the first connecting rod (54); when the plurality of first speed regulating plates (52) are turned upward from the horizontal state, the sliding rack (594) is in transmission cooperation with the gear (592), and the winding portion (593) is linked to wind and tighten the transmission cable (53a), so that the plurality of closed second speed regulating plates (53) are opened outward.

10. A gas flow rate regulating mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that: A guide groove (596) is provided on the mounting seat (59), a sliding rib (595) is provided on the sliding rack (594), and the sliding rib (595) is slidably connected in the guide groove (596).

Images