Test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under action of hydraulic fracturing of horizontal well

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shale oil-gas field development, in particular to a test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under the action of hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well, which comprises a horizontal well geologic model, a distributed optical fiber monitoring system, a perforation system, a fracturing system, a formation temperature simulation system and a stress applying system. The device is reasonable and compact in structure and convenient to use, can apply true triaxial formation pressure, can simulate the true formation temperature of a stratum where a horizontal well is located, can continuously monitor the formation pressure, the formation temperature, the whole hydraulic fracturing process of the horizontal well and multiple physical fields of a fault-containing geological reservoir in real time under the condition of multiple steps, and has a good application prospect. Therefore, quantitative characterization and rule analysis can be carried out on a hydraulic fracturing activated fault mechanism, multi-stage fracturing fracture network characteristic difference depiction, casing deformation and induced earthquake risks, so that formation and extension of a rock mass fracturing fracture network, activation of a fault and deformation and damage processes of a shaft casing during whole-process fracturing of a horizontal well in different stages can be researched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shale oil and gas field development, and is a fault activation and induced earthquake test system simulating the hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well. Background Art

[0002] With the growing demand for oil and gas resources and the deepening of exploration and development, unconventional oil and gas such as tight oil and shale oil have become an important part of increasing oil and gas reserves and production. As the most important reservoir transformation method in the process of unconventional oil and gas development, hydraulic fracturing has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad, and a large number of indoor simulation tests have been carried out. However, these studies mainly focus on how to generate more fracture networks and improve the permeability of the reservoir, while less attention is paid to the problems such as fault activation and earthquake induction caused by the fracturing process. Production practice shows that the hydraulic fracturing process of the reservoir will cause hydraulic coupling damage to the deep fault rock mass, induce shear failure of the rock mass, activate the fault, and then generate seismic activity. Faults have an important impact on the production and development of oil and gas fields. They not only affect the effect of hydraulic fracturing transformation (lost sections, crosstalk, and difficulty in forming complex fracture networks), but are also one of the main factors leading to casing deformation, and even have the risk of inducing deep earthquake events. In recent years, reports on earthquakes caused by fluid injection in the United States, Canada, Europe, etc. have increased year by year, and have become a social and scientific issue that has received much attention.

[0003] Traditional physical simulation test equipment for studying fault activation and induced earthquakes under horizontal well hydraulic fracturing cannot achieve the application of real formation temperature and true triaxial formation pressure conditions, and cannot continuously and real-time monitor the pressure, temperature, fracture and other multi-physical fields of fault-containing geological reservoirs under multi-step conditions (perforation, fracturing) during the entire process of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, it is impossible to study the mechanism of fault activation and induced earthquakes under hydraulic fracturing and the resulting damage to the wellbore casing. In the prior art, pseudo triaxial and biaxial testing machines are often used to carry out indoor simulations of hydraulic fracturing-induced fault activation, and can only study single-hole, single-stage fracturing or rely on external shear force to simulate fault activation. At present, the monitoring of fault activation and casing deformation mostly adopts the form of deformation sensors and strain gauges, with a limited number of points, discontinuous measurements, and dead angles. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells, which overcomes the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and can effectively solve the problems of the existing physical simulation test devices for fault activation and induced earthquake under hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells, such as the inability to realize the application of real formation temperature and formation pressure, and the inability to continuously and real-time monitor the application of pressure conditions, the whole process of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing, and the pressure, temperature, fracture and other multi-physical fields of fault-containing geological reservoirs under multi-step conditions (perforation, fracturing).

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved through the following measures: a fault activation and induced earthquake test system simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing, including a horizontal well geological model, a distributed optical fiber monitoring system, a perforating system, a fracturing system, a formation temperature simulation system and a stress application system. The horizontal well geological model contains faults and can simulate the geological structure of the area where the horizontal well is located. A horizontal wellbore with an opening to the right is provided in the middle of the right side of the horizontal well geological model. A wellbore casing with a right end located on the right side of the horizontal well geological model is fixedly installed in the horizontal wellbore. There are energy-generating devices between the wellbore casing and the horizontal wellbore and in the horizontal well geological model. A distributed optical fiber monitoring system capable of continuously and in real time monitoring multiple physical fields is provided. The distributed optical fiber monitoring system is used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the horizontal well geological model, the fracture process of the whole hydraulic fracturing of the horizontal well, and the deformation of the wellbore casing. A perforation system capable of performing perforation operations before fracturing is provided in the wellbore casing. After the perforation system is removed, the right end of the wellbore casing can be connected to the fracturing system. A stress application system capable of applying pressure to the horizontal well geological model in multiple directions is provided on the outside of the horizontal well geological model. A formation temperature simulation system capable of maintaining the horizontal well geological model at a predetermined temperature is provided between the stress application system and the horizontal well geological model.

[0006] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above technical solutions: The above-mentioned horizontal well geological model may include a left rock mass, a fault and a right rock mass. The left rock mass is in the shape of an inverted right-angled terrace that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and its right side is inclined in the shape of left lower and right upper. On the right side of the left rock mass is a right rock mass whose left side matches the shape of the right side of the left rock mass. The right rock mass is in the shape of a right-angled terrace that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and a fault is provided between the left rock mass and the right rock mass.

[0007] The above-mentioned formation temperature simulation system may include an upper left loading pad, a lower left loading pad, a left front loading pad, a left rear loading pad, a left loading pad, an upper right loading pad, a lower right loading pad, a right front loading pad, a right rear loading pad, a right loading pad and a high-temperature pump. The upper left loading pad, the lower left loading pad, the left front loading pad, the left rear loading pad and the left loading pad are fixedly installed on the upper side, lower side, front side, rear side and left side of the left rock mass respectively. The right end surface shapes of the left front loading pad and the left rear loading pad match the right surface shape of the left rock mass; the upper right loading pad, the lower side, front side, rear side and right side of the right rock mass are fixedly installed on the upper side, lower side, front side, rear side and right side of the right rock mass respectively. The lower right loading pad, the right front loading pad, the right rear loading pad and the right loading pad, the left end face shapes of the right front loading pad and the right rear loading pad match the left side shape of the right rock mass; the lower side of the upper left loading pad, the lower side of the upper right loading pad and the left side of the right loading pad are all provided with optical fiber installation grooves for facilitating the laying of distributed optical fiber monitoring systems; the right loading pad corresponding to the horizontal wellbore position is provided with left and right through casing installation holes, the inner side of the casing installation hole is fitted together with the outer side of the right part of the wellbore casing; all the above-mentioned loading pads are provided with high-temperature medium flow channels that are coiled in a serpentine or S shape, and all high-temperature medium flow channels can be connected to high-temperature pumps through high-temperature pipelines.

[0008] The above-mentioned stress application system may include a U-shaped reaction force frame, a front pressure loading device, a rear pressure loading device, an upper reaction force plate, an upper pressure loading device, a left reaction force supporting device, a right reaction force supporting device, a left reaction force plate, a right reaction force plate, a left pressure loading device and a right pressure loading device. The U-shaped reaction force frame is provided with a formation temperature simulation system and a horizontal well geological model. Two front force holes that are connected inside and outside are provided at intervals on the left and right sides of the middle of the front side of the U-shaped reaction force frame. The two front force holes are provided with front pressure loading devices whose rear ends can be respectively abutted against the front sides of the left front loading pad and the right front loading pad; the rear side of the U-shaped reaction force frame corresponding to the positions of the two front force holes is provided with rear force holes that are connected inside and outside, and the two rear force holes are provided with rear pressure loading devices whose front ends can be respectively abutted against the rear sides of the left rear loading pad and the right rear loading pad; the upper reaction force plate is detachably installed on the upper side of the U-shaped reaction force frame, and two upper and lower connected holes that are connected inside and outside are provided at intervals on the left and right sides of the middle of the upper reaction force plate. The upper force holes are provided in the two upper force holes, and the upper pressure loading devices whose lower ends can respectively resist the upper sides of the left upper loading pad and the upper sides of the right upper loading pad; a left reaction force support device that can balance the stress of the lower part of the left rock mass is provided between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped reaction force frame and the lower side of the left lower loading pad, and a right reaction force support device that can balance the stress of the lower part of the right rock mass is provided between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped reaction force frame and the lower side of the right lower loading pad; the left and right sides of the U-shaped reaction force frame are detachably installed with a left reaction plate and a right reaction plate, respectively, a left force hole that passes through the left and right is provided in the middle of the left reaction plate, a left pressure loading device whose right end resists the middle part of the left side of the left loading pad is provided in the left force hole, a right force hole that passes through the left and right is provided on the right reaction plate corresponding to the position of the left force hole, and a right pressure loading device whose left end resists the middle part of the right side of the right loading pad is provided in the right force hole; an axial channel is provided in the middle of the right pressure loading device, and the right part of the wellbore casing is sleeved in the axial channel.

[0009] The above-mentioned stress application system may also include a loading oil source. The front pressure loading device, the rear pressure loading device, the upper pressure loading device, the left pressure loading device and the right pressure loading device are all loading cylinders, and all loading cylinders are respectively provided with connecting flanges that can be detachably installed together with the corresponding positions of the U-shaped reaction frame, the upper reaction plate, the left reaction plate and the right reaction plate through threaded fasteners. The middle part of the piston rod of the right loading cylinder is provided with a casing through hole for facilitating the passage of the wellbore casing. All loading cylinders are respectively connected to the loading oil source through oil pipelines and control valves.

[0010] The above-mentioned left reaction force supporting device may include an elastic telescopic part and a top plate and a bottom plate arranged at intervals up and down. Elastic telescopic parts that can be telescoped up and down for buffering are provided between the corresponding positions of the lower sides of the four corners of the top plate and the upper sides of the four corners of the bottom plate, and between the lower side of the middle part of the top plate and the upper side of the middle part of the bottom plate. The right reaction force supporting device has the same structure as the left reaction force supporting device, and their external dimensions are respectively adapted to the external dimensions of the lower left loading pad and the lower right loading pad.

[0011] The above-mentioned distributed optical fiber monitoring system may include a casing monitoring distributed optical fiber, a longitudinal distributed optical fiber group, a horizontal distributed optical fiber group and an optical fiber signal collector. A casing monitoring distributed optical fiber is provided in the horizontal well geological model corresponding to the position between the wellbore casing and the horizontal wellbore. A plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fiber groups are provided at left and right intervals in the horizontal well geological model, and each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group includes a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fibers arranged at front and rear intervals. A plurality of horizontal distributed optical fiber groups are provided at upper and lower intervals in the horizontal well geological model, and each horizontal distributed optical fiber group includes a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fibers arranged at front and rear intervals. The casing monitoring distributed optical fiber, each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group and the horizontal distributed optical fiber group can all be connected to the optical fiber signal collector.

[0012] The perforating system may include a perforating gun and a perforating gun controller. The inner side of the wellbore casing is sheathed together with the outer side from the left end to the right part of the perforating gun, and the right end of the perforating gun is connected to the perforating gun controller.

[0013] The above-mentioned fracturing system may include a fracturing pipeline and a fracturing plunger pump. The right end of the wellbore casing is sealed and installed together with the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pipeline, and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing pipeline is sealed and installed together with the liquid outlet of the fracturing plunger pump.

[0014] The above may also include a bridge plug for realizing staged fracturing, the bridge plug is in the shape of a date and has an axial flow channel in the middle, the outer side of the middle part of the bridge plug is sleeved together with the inner wall of the wellbore casing, a sealing ring is provided between the outer side of the left end of the bridge plug and the inner wall of the wellbore casing, and a ball seat capable of realizing ball fracturing is provided on the inner side of the right part of the bridge plug.

[0015] The above may also include a control system capable of controlling the simulation process, the control system including a console and a computer, at least one computer is provided on the console, and the computer is respectively connected to the distributed optical fiber monitoring system, the perforating system, the fracturing system, the formation temperature simulation system, and the stress application system.

[0016] The present invention has a reasonable and compact structure and is easy to use. It can apply vertical pressure to the horizontal well geological model through the upper loading cylinder and the reaction force support device, and the left and right loading cylinders and the front and rear loading cylinders can respectively apply pressure in two horizontal directions, the left and right directions and the front and rear directions, to the horizontal well geological model, so that the present invention can achieve the application of true triaxial formation pressure, and the simulation conditions are more in line with the geological environment faced by deep shale oil and gas development, and the results are more accurate. The present invention can also simulate the actual temperature of the formation where the horizontal well is located through the formation temperature simulation system, and determine the fault orientation and inclination based on the microseismic data at the horizontal well site, and then produce a horizontal well geological model containing the fault, and restore the actual temperature and pressure environment of the fault-containing geological reservoir through indoor large-scale physical model experiments. The present invention can also lay longitudinal distributed optical fibers and horizontal distributed optical fibers according to actual needs, and lay casing monitoring distributed optical fibers during the cementing process, so as to continuously monitor and characterize in real time the multi-physical fields of the formation temperature and pressure of the horizontal well geological model, the entire process of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing, and the fault-containing geological reservoir under multi-step conditions (perforation, fracturing), so as to make the research more comprehensive, intuitive and quantitative, so as to quantitatively characterize and analyze the laws of hydraulic fracturing fault activation mechanism, multi-stage fracture network feature difference characterization, casing deformation and induced earthquake risk, so as to study the formation and expansion of rock fracture network, fault activation and wellbore casing deformation and damage process during fracturing at different stages of the entire process of horizontal wells, which has great engineering and scientific significance for the efficient and safe development of shale oil and gas in my country. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Attached Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main partial cross-sectional structure of Example 1-11 of the present invention during the first fracturing.

[0018] Attached Figure 2 For attachment Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure.

[0019] Attached Figure 3 For attachment Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged main view of the partial cross-section structure of the stress application system.

[0020] Attached Figure 4 For attachment Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the horizontal well geological model including faults and the three-dimensional structure of the distributed optical fiber monitoring system.

[0021] Attached Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geological model including a fault during the first perforation in Example 1-11 of the present invention.

[0022] Attached Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geological model including a fault during the second perforation in Example 1-11 of the present invention.

[0023] Attached Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geological model including a fault during the second fracturing in Example 1-11 of the present invention.

[0024] Attached Figure 8 For attachment Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the mid-stratum temperature simulation system and the reaction force support.

[0025] Attached Fig. 9 For attachment Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the loading pad in the upper left middle.

[0026] Attached Fig.10 For attachment Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the middle right loading pad.

[0027] Attached Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the bridge plug in Example 10 of the present invention.

[0028] The codes in the accompanying drawings are: 1 is a horizontal wellbore, 2 is a wellbore casing, 3 is a left rock mass, 4 is a fault, 5 is a right rock mass, 6 is an upper left loading pad, 7 is a lower left loading pad, 8 is a left front loading pad, 9 is a left loading pad, 10 is an upper right loading pad, 11 is a lower right loading pad, 12 is a right front loading pad, 13 is a right loading pad, 14 is a high-temperature pump, 15 is an optical fiber installation groove, 16 is a casing installation hole, 17 is a high-temperature medium flow channel, 18 is a U-shaped reaction force frame, 19 is a front pressure loading device, 20 is a rear pressure loading device, 21 is an upper reaction force plate, 22 is an upper pressure loading device, 23 is a left reaction force plate, 24 is a right reaction force plate, 25 is a left pressure loading device, 26 is The right pressure loading device, 27 is the loading oil source, 28 is the threaded fastener, 29 is the connecting flange, 30 is the casing through hole, 31 is the elastic telescopic part, 32 is the top plate, 33 is the bottom plate, 34 is the casing monitoring distributed optical fiber, 35 is the longitudinal distributed optical fiber group, 36 is the horizontal distributed optical fiber group, 37 is the optical fiber signal collector, 38 is the longitudinal distributed optical fiber, 39 is the horizontal distributed optical fiber, 40 is the perforating gun, 41 is the perforating gun controller, 42 is the fracturing pipeline, 43 is the fracturing plunger pump, 44 is the bridge plug, 45 is the axial flow channel, 46 is the sealing ring, 47 is the ball seat, 48 is the control console, 49 is the computer, 50 is the high-temperature joint, 51 is the support leg, 52 is the pitching ball, and 53 is the footrest. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is not limited by the following embodiments, and specific implementation methods can be determined based on the technical solution of the present invention and actual conditions.

[0030] In the present invention, for the convenience of description, the relative position relationship of each component is described according to the attached Figure 1The positional relationships such as front, back, top, bottom, left, and right are described according to the layout directions of the drawings in the specification.

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings: Embodiment 1: As attached Figure 1-10 As shown, the fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing includes a horizontal well geological model, a distributed optical fiber monitoring system, a perforating system, a fracturing system, a formation temperature simulation system and a stress application system. The horizontal well geological model contains a fault 4 and can simulate the geological structure of the area where the horizontal well is located. A horizontal wellbore 1 with an opening to the right is provided in the middle of the right side of the horizontal well geological model. A wellbore casing 2 with a right end located on the right side of the horizontal well geological model is fixedly installed in the horizontal wellbore 1. A device capable of continuously and real-time monitoring of multiple wells is provided between the wellbore casing 2 and the horizontal wellbore 1 and in the horizontal well geological model. A distributed optical fiber monitoring system for physical fields, the distributed optical fiber monitoring system is used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the horizontal well geological model and the fracture process of the whole hydraulic fracturing of the horizontal well and the deformation of the wellbore casing 2. A perforation system capable of performing perforation operations before fracturing is provided in the wellbore casing 2. After the perforation system is removed, the right end of the wellbore casing 2 can be connected to the fracturing system. A stress application system capable of applying pressure to the horizontal well geological model in multiple directions is provided on the outside of the horizontal well geological model. A formation temperature simulation system capable of maintaining the horizontal well geological model at a predetermined temperature is provided between the stress application system and the horizontal well geological model.

[0032] By such a setting, the horizontal well geological model can simulate the geological structure of the reservoir where the horizontal well is located, which includes a fault 4, and the horizontal wellbore 1 horizontally passes through the fault 4. The formation temperature simulation system can simulate the real temperature of the formation where the horizontal well is located. The stress application system can apply pressure to the horizontal well geological model in multiple directions, so that the horizontal well geological model can simulate the real pressure of the formation where the horizontal well is located, so that the present invention can simulate the real geological conditions of the formation where the horizontal well is located, and restore the real temperature and pressure environment of the geological reservoir containing the fault 4 (where the horizontal well is located); the distributed optical fiber detection system laid between the wellbore casing 2 and the horizontal wellbore 1 and in the horizontal well geological model can monitor the pressure application status of the stress application system on the horizontal well geological model in real time and continuously, as well as the multi-physical fields in the horizontal well geological model during the perforation operation, the whole hydraulic fracturing process, and the multi-stage perforation-fracturing joint operation conditions, so as to study the mechanism of fault 4 activation and induced earthquake under hydraulic fracturing, as well as the quantitative characterization and regularity analysis of the difference in characteristics of the multi-stage hydraulic fracture network, casing deformation and induced earthquake risk.

[0033] According to the requirements, the horizontal well geological model can be realized by natural rock or precast concrete; the distributed optical fiber monitoring system can be laid in the horizontal well geological model through drilling, or it can be pre-buried in the horizontal well geological model according to the test requirements during the prefabrication process; the formation temperature simulation system can be realized by an oil bath, steam bath, or water bath, etc., or it can be heated by a collector, a heating plate, a heating layer, or a heating bag, etc.; the stress application system can be realized by a pressurized cylinder, a pressurized oil cylinder, a hydraulic jack, or a water pressure application system in the prior art.

[0034] The above-mentioned fault activation and induced earthquake test system under the simulated horizontal well hydraulic fracturing can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs: Embodiment 2: As attached Figure 1 , 4 -7, the horizontal well geological model includes a left rock mass 3, a fault 4 and a right rock mass 5. The left rock mass 3 is in the shape of an inverted right-angled terrace that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and its right side surface is inclined in a left-lower-right-upward state. On the right side of the left rock mass 3 is provided a right rock mass 5 whose left side surface matches the shape of the right side surface of the left rock mass 3. The right rock mass 5 is in the shape of a right-angled terrace that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and a fault 4 is provided between the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5.

[0035] Through such an arrangement, the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5 can form a regular rectangle, and the shape of the fault 4 between the two is more in line with the naturally formed rock fault 4 in the prior art. The horizontal wellbore 1 penetrates the right rock mass 5 and the fault 4 from right to left in sequence and stops at the inner left side of the left rock mass 3, thereby simulating the horizontal well in the prior art and the geological structure of the area where it is located.

[0036] According to the requirements, the orientation and dip of fault 4 should be determined in combination with the microseismic data of the horizontal well site to be simulated. In this embodiment, the shape distribution of the left rock mass 3, the right rock mass 5 and the fault 4 is only one of them. In the actual test, the shape of the left rock mass 3, the right rock mass 5 and the orientation and dip of fault 4 should be determined by the actual conditions of the horizontal well site to be simulated.

[0037] Embodiment 3: As attached Figure 1 , 5-10, the formation temperature simulation system includes an upper left loading pad 6, a lower left loading pad 7, a left front loading pad 8, a left rear loading pad, a left loading pad 9, an upper right loading pad 10, a lower right loading pad 11, a right front loading pad 12, a right rear loading pad, a right loading pad 13 and a high-temperature pump 14, and the upper left loading pad 6, the lower left loading pad 7, the left front loading pad 8, the left rear loading pad and the left loading pad 9 are fixedly installed on the upper side, lower side, front side, rear side and left side of the left rock mass 3, and the right end surface shapes of the left front loading pad 8 and the left rear loading pad match the right surface shape of the left rock mass 3; the upper right loading pad 10, the right The lower loading pad 11, the right front loading pad 12, the right rear loading pad and the right loading pad 13, the left end surface shapes of the right front loading pad 12 and the right rear loading pad match the left surface shape of the right rock mass 5; the lower side of the upper left loading pad 6, the lower side of the upper right loading pad 10 and the left side of the right loading pad 13 are all provided with optical fiber installation grooves 15 for facilitating the installation of distributed optical fiber monitoring systems; the right loading pad 13 corresponding to the position of the horizontal wellbore 1 is provided with a casing installation hole 16 that passes through the left and right sides, and the inner side of the casing installation hole 16 is fitted together with the outer side of the right part of the wellbore casing 2; all the above-mentioned loading pads are provided with a high-temperature medium flow channel 17 that is coiled in a serpentine or S shape, and all high-temperature medium flow channels 17 can be connected to the high-temperature pump 14 through a high-temperature pipeline.

[0038] During use: the upper left loading pad 6, the lower left loading pad 7, the left front loading pad 8, the left rear loading pad, the left loading pad 9, the upper right loading pad 10, the lower right loading pad 11, the right front loading pad 12, the right rear loading pad and the right loading pad 13 can completely wrap the horizontal well geological model including the fault 4, so that it can evenly heat the horizontal well geological model, and can directly and evenly apply the pressure generated by the stress application system to the horizontal well geological model. The high temperature pump 14 can make the high temperature heating medium circulate through the high temperature pipeline and the high temperature medium flow channel 17 coiled in each loading pad in a serpentine or S shape, so as to heat the horizontal well geological model through the high temperature heating medium, so that the horizontal well geological model can simulate the real temperature of the formation where the horizontal well is located, so that the geological environment where the horizontal well is located is closer to the real environment. The above heating method is cleaner and can effectively avoid the leakage of the high temperature depyrogenic medium or the infiltration of the high temperature medium into the horizontal well geological model to affect the rock properties. Since the above-mentioned loading pad wraps the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5 in blocks, when the stress application system applies pressure to the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5, it can effectively avoid the stress state of the left rock mass 3 and the stress state of the right rock mass 5 from interfering with each other, and the stresses of the two can be changed separately; the distributed optical fiber monitoring system distributed in the horizontal well geological model can be arranged and laid through the corresponding optical fiber installation groove 15, and can be summarized and arranged and then led out of the stress application system.

[0039] According to the requirements, the high-temperature medium can be high-temperature water, high-temperature oil or high-temperature steam in the existing public technology. The above-mentioned loading pads can be made of materials with good thermal conductivity. All loading pads and horizontal well geological models can be fixedly installed by clamping, mortar bonding, adhesive bonding, riveting or threaded fasteners 28 in the existing technology; each high-temperature medium flow channel 17 is provided with a high-temperature joint 50 at the inlet and outlet for easy connection with the high-temperature pipeline.

[0040] Embodiment 4: As attached Figure 1-3 As shown in 5-8, the stress application system includes a U-shaped reaction frame 18, a front pressure loading device 19, a rear pressure loading device 20, an upper reaction plate 21, an upper pressure loading device 22, a left reaction support device, a right reaction support device, a left reaction plate 23, a right reaction plate 24, a left pressure loading device 25 and a right pressure loading device 26. The U-shaped reaction frame 18 is provided with a formation temperature simulation system and a horizontal well geological model. Two front force holes that penetrate inside and outside are arranged at intervals on the left and right sides of the middle of the front side of the U-shaped reaction frame 18. , the two front force holes are provided with front pressure loading devices 19 whose rear ends can respectively abut against the front sides of the left front loading pad 8 and the right front loading pad 12; the rear sides of the U-shaped reaction force frame 18 corresponding to the positions of the two front force holes are provided with rear force holes that penetrate inside and outside, and the two rear force holes are provided with rear pressure loading devices 20 whose front ends can respectively abut against the rear sides of the left rear loading pad and the right rear loading pad; an upper reaction plate 21 is detachably installed on the upper side of the U-shaped reaction force frame 18, and two upper reaction plates 21 are provided at intervals on the left and right sides of the middle of the upper reaction plate 21 The upper force holes passing through the bottom are provided with upper pressure loading devices 22 whose lower ends can respectively abut against the upper sides of the upper left loading pad 6 and the upper sides of the upper right loading pad 10; a left reaction force support device capable of balancing the stress under the left rock mass 3 is provided between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped reaction force frame 18 and the lower side of the lower left loading pad 7; a right reaction force support device capable of balancing the stress under the right rock mass 5 is provided between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped reaction force frame 18 and the lower side of the lower right loading pad 11; the left and right sides of the U-shaped reaction force frame 18 can respectively The left reaction plate 23 and the right reaction plate 24 are disassembled and installed. The left reaction plate 23 has a left force hole extending therethrough in the middle thereof. A left pressure loading device 25 is arranged in the left force hole, and its right end abuts against the middle of the left side of the left loading pad 9. The right reaction plate 24 corresponding to the position of the left force hole is provided with a right force hole extending therethrough in the middle thereof. A right pressure loading device 26 is arranged in the right force hole, and its left end abuts against the middle of the right side of the right loading pad 13. An axial passage is arranged in the middle of the right pressure loading device 26, and the right part of the wellbore casing 2 is sleeved in the axial passage.

[0041] By such an arrangement, the U-shaped reaction frame 18, the upper reaction plate 21, the left reaction plate 23 and the right reaction plate 24 can provide effective support for the front pressure loading device 19, the rear pressure loading device 20, the upper pressure loading device 22, the left reaction support device and the right reaction support device; the front pressure loading device 19 and the rear pressure loading device 20 can apply pressure in the front and rear directions to the horizontal well geological model, the left reaction support device and the right reaction support device can apply pressure in the left and right directions to the horizontal well geological model, and the left reaction support device and the right reaction support device can effectively balance the stress on the lower part of the horizontal well geological model force, the upper pressure loading device 22 together with the left reaction force supporting device and the right reaction force supporting device can apply pressure in the upper and lower directions to the horizontal well geological model, so that the present invention can realize a true triaxial testing machine, and the simulation conditions are more in line with the geological environment faced by deep shale oil and gas development, and the results are more accurate; the front pressure loading device 19, the rear pressure loading device 20 and the upper pressure loading device 22 arranged in pairs can make the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5 more evenly and balancedly compressed, so that the stress state of the horizontal well geological model is closer to the actual pressure state of the formation where the horizontal well is located, and the test state is closer to the actual state.

[0042] According to the requirements, in order to facilitate the installation of the formation temperature simulation system and the horizontal well geological model, the bottom cross-section of the U-shaped reaction frame 18 is rectangular or square; the left reaction support device and the right reaction support device can be realized by spring dampers or hydraulic dampers in the prior art; in order to facilitate the installation and operation of the stress application system, support legs 51 are provided at the four corners of the lower side of the U-shaped reaction frame 18.

[0043] Embodiment 5: As attached Figure 1-3 As shown, the stress application system also includes a loading oil source 27, and the front pressure loading device 19, the rear pressure loading device 20, the upper pressure loading device 22, the left pressure loading device 25 and the right pressure loading device 26 are all loading cylinders, and all loading cylinders are respectively provided with connecting flanges 29 that can be detachably installed together with the corresponding positions of the U-shaped reaction frame 18, the upper reaction plate 21, the left reaction plate 23 and the right reaction plate 24 through threaded fasteners 28. The middle part of the piston rod of the right loading cylinder is provided with a casing through hole 30 for the wellbore casing 2 to pass through, and all loading cylinders are respectively connected to the loading oil source 27 through oil pipelines and control valves.

[0044] During use, the piston rod of the front loading cylinder can be extended backward to apply backward pressure to the horizontal well geological model, while the piston rod of the rear loading cylinder can be extended forward to apply forward pressure to the horizontal well geological model. The piston rod of the upper loading cylinder can provide downward pressure to the horizontal well geological model after being extended downward, the piston rod of the left loading cylinder can provide rightward pressure to the horizontal well geological model after being extended to the right, and the piston rod of the right loading cylinder can be extended to the left to provide leftward pressure to the horizontal well geological model. In addition, the hollow piston rod of the right loading cylinder is more convenient for the wellbore casing 2 to pass through.

[0045] According to requirements, all loading cylinders can be fixed together with their corresponding U-shaped reaction frames 18, upper reaction plates 21, left reaction plates 23 and right reaction plates 24 through connecting flanges 29 and threaded fasteners 28. Each loading cylinder can be connected to the loading oil source 27 through oil pipelines and control valves. The control valve can be an electromagnetic control valve so that the movement of the loading cylinder can be automatically or remotely controlled by the control unit. The loading oil source 27 may include an oil tank and an oil pump to provide power to the loading cylinder.

[0046] Embodiment 6: As attached Figure 1 , 5 -8, the left reaction force supporting device includes an elastic telescopic portion 31 and a top plate 32 and a bottom plate 33 spaced apart from each other. Elastic telescopic portions 31 capable of telescoping and buffering are provided between corresponding positions of the lower sides of the four corners of the top plate 32 and the upper sides of the four corners of the bottom plate 33, and between the lower middle side of the top plate 32 and the upper middle side of the bottom plate 33. The right reaction force supporting device has the same structure as the left reaction force supporting device, and their outer dimensions are respectively adapted to the outer dimensions of the lower left loading pad 7 and the lower right loading pad 11.

[0047] By such arrangement, the top plate 32 and the bottom plate 33 matched with the lower side of the left rock mass 3 or the lower side of the right rock mass 5 can better and more evenly transmit the pressure and reaction force, and have a better balancing effect on the stress at the bottom of the horizontal well geological model, and prevent the U-shaped reaction force frame 18 from deforming or damaging the horizontal well geological model. According to the requirements, the elastic telescopic part 31 in this embodiment includes a compression spring and an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve rod that are sheathed together, and its structure is simple and reliable, with low processing cost and easy maintenance; the four corners of the bottom side of the bottom plate 33 can be provided with pads 53 for support.

[0048] Embodiment 7: As attached Figure 1 , 2As shown in , 4, the distributed optical fiber monitoring system includes a casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34, a longitudinal distributed optical fiber group 35, a horizontal distributed optical fiber group 36 and an optical fiber signal collector 37. The casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34 is provided in the horizontal well geological model corresponding to the position between the wellbore casing 2 and the horizontal wellbore 1. A plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fiber groups 35 are provided at intervals on the left and right in the horizontal well geological model. Each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group 35 includes a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fibers 38 arranged at intervals in front and back. A plurality of horizontal distributed optical fiber groups 36 are provided at intervals on the top and bottom in the horizontal well geological model. Each horizontal distributed optical fiber group 36 includes a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fibers 39 arranged at intervals in front and back. The casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34, each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group 35 and the horizontal distributed optical fiber group 36 can all be connected to the optical fiber signal collector 37.

[0049] During use, the optical fiber signal collector 37 can be used to collect the temperature of various locations in the horizontal well geological model and the pressure and deformation information on the vertical, horizontal, and wellbore casing 2 of the horizontal well geological model in real time and continuously, so as to study the formation and expansion of the rock mass fracture network, the activation of the fault 4, and the deformation and damage process of the wellbore casing 2 in the horizontal well perforation process, the hydraulic fracturing process, or the multi-stage perforation-fracturing joint process, and then quantitatively characterize and analyze the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing activation of the fault 4, the difference in the characteristics of the multi-stage fracture network, the casing deformation, and the risk of induced earthquakes. According to the needs, the optical fiber signal collector 37 can be connected to a computer or workstation through a data transmission line to analyze and organize the above data.

[0050] Embodiment 8: As attached Figure 1 , 2 As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , the perforating system includes a perforating gun 40 and a perforating gun controller 41 . The inner side of the wellbore casing 2 is sheathed together with the outer side from the left end to the right part of the perforating gun 40 . The right end of the perforating gun 40 is connected to the perforating gun controller 41 .

[0051] By configuring in this way, perforating operations can be performed before fracturing, and multi-stage perforating operations can also be achieved.

[0052] Embodiment 9: As attached Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the fracturing system includes a fracturing pipeline 42 and a fracturing plunger pump 43. The right end of the wellbore casing 2 is sealed and installed with the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pipeline 42, and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing pipeline 42 is sealed and installed with the liquid outlet of the fracturing plunger pump 43.

[0053] By setting it in this way, the hydraulic fracturing operation can be simulated for the horizontal well after perforation, and the relationship between the hydraulic pressure operation and the activation state of the fault 4 can be analyzed.

[0054] Embodiment 10: As attached Figure 6 ,7 As shown, it also includes a bridge plug 44 for realizing staged fracturing. The bridge plug 44 is in the shape of a date and has an axial flow channel 45 in the middle. The outer side of the middle part of the bridge plug 44 is sleeved together with the inner wall of the wellbore casing 2. A sealing ring 46 is provided between the outer side of the left end of the bridge plug 44 and the inner wall of the wellbore casing 2. A ball seat 47 that can realize fracturing by dropping a ball 52 is provided on the inner side of the right part of the bridge plug 44.

[0055] During use, after the bridge plug 44 is sealed and installed in the wellbore casing 2, the ball 52 is dropped to seal, and then a staged fracturing simulation test can be performed.

[0056] Embodiment 11: As attached Figure 1 , 2 As shown, it also includes a control system capable of controlling the simulation process, the control system includes a console 48 and a computer 49, at least one computer 49 is provided on the console 48, and the computer 49 is respectively connected to the distributed optical fiber monitoring system, the perforating system, the fracturing system, the formation temperature simulation system, and the stress application system.

[0057] By setting it in this way, the console 48 is more convenient for the test personnel to control the test device, and the computer 49 can more quickly control each test system and analyze and process the test data. According to the needs, in order to facilitate the control of the present invention and the processing of test data, two computers 49 (which can also be workstations) are provided on the console 48 in this embodiment; in order to facilitate the nearby control, the perforating gun controller 41 and the optical fiber signal collector 37 can be installed on the console 48 table, and the fracturing plunger pump 43, the loading oil source 27 and the high temperature pump 14 can be installed in the console 48.

[0058] The use process of the present invention is: The first step is to determine the orientation and dip of fault 4 in combination with the microseismic data at the horizontal well site, create a horizontal well geological model including fault 4, and lay longitudinal distributed optical fiber 38 and horizontal distributed optical fiber 39 according to actual needs.

[0059] The second step is to develop a specific test plan based on the test requirements, including perforation method, type of fracturing fluid, fracturing flow rate, number of fracturing stages, etc.

[0060] The third step is to install the wellbore casing 2 with the casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34 on the outside into the horizontal wellbore 1 and perform cementing.

[0061] In the fourth step, each loading pad in the formation temperature simulation system is fixedly installed together with the outer sides of the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5 respectively.

[0062] The fifth step is to hoist the horizontal well geological model with the loading pad installed into the stress application system cavity (the upper reaction plate 21 is not installed at this time), and then connect the longitudinal distributed optical fiber 38, the horizontal distributed optical fiber 39 and the casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34 to the optical fiber signal collector 37, and the optical fiber signal collector 37 to the computer 49, and then connect the high-temperature medium flow channel 17 on each loading pad to the high-temperature pump 14 through a high-temperature pipeline. After debugging, start recording the deformation, temperature and stress data of each position of the horizontal well geological model throughout the process.

[0063] In the sixth step, after the reaction plate 21 is installed, the high temperature pump 14 is turned on to heat the horizontal well geological model so that it is consistent with the actual temperature field at the horizontal well site.

[0064] The seventh step is to apply formation stress, and the application sequence is as follows: first, vertical stress (i.e., up and down stress) is applied through the two upper loading cylinders, so that the top plates 32 of the left reaction force support device and the right reaction force support device are compressed downward until equilibrium is reached; then, horizontal stress in the left and right directions is applied through the left loading cylinder and the right loading cylinder, and horizontal stress in the front and rear directions is applied through the front loading cylinder and the rear loading cylinder, until the target stress is reached.

[0065] In the eighth step, the perforating gun 40 is inserted into the well casing 2 to a designated position to perform a perforating operation.

[0066] In the ninth step, after the perforating gun 40 is taken out, the fracturing pipeline 42 is connected to the right end of the wellbore casing 2, and the first fracturing is performed according to the test plan requirements.

[0067] Step 10: After the first fracturing is completed, the fracturing pipeline 42 is removed, and the bridge plug 44 is installed to the unfractured part of the wellbore, and the ball 52 is dropped to seal.

[0068] In the eleventh step, the perforating gun 40 is inserted into the well casing 2 to a designated position again to perform a second perforating operation.

[0069] Step 12: Repeat steps 9, 10 and 11 until all fracturing stages are completed.

[0070] In the thirteenth step, the stress is unloaded, the temperature is lowered to room temperature, and the model is taken out for analysis and description.

[0071] The fourteenth step is to organize and analyze the test data, and then conduct research on fault 4 activation, induced earthquakes and wellbore casing damage analysis.

[0072] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Non-essential technical features can be added or reduced according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.

Claims

1. A test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under horizontal well hydraulic fracturing, characterized in that The invention comprises a horizontal well geological model, a distributed optical fiber monitoring system, a perforating system, a fracturing system, a formation temperature simulation system and a stress application system. The horizontal well geological model contains faults and can simulate the geological structure of the area where the horizontal well is located. A horizontal wellbore opening to the right is provided in the middle of the right side of the horizontal well geological model. A wellbore casing with its right end located on the right side of the horizontal well geological model is fixedly installed in the horizontal wellbore. A distributed optical fiber monitoring system capable of continuously and real-time monitoring of multiple physical fields is provided between the wellbore casing and the horizontal wellbore and in the horizontal well geological model. The distributed optical fiber monitoring system is used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the horizontal well geological model and the fracture process of the hydraulic fracturing of the horizontal well and the deformation of the wellbore casing. A perforating system capable of performing perforating operations before fracturing is provided in the wellbore casing. After the perforating system is removed, the right end of the wellbore casing can be connected to the fracturing system. A stress application system capable of applying pressure to the horizontal well geological model in multiple directions is provided outside the horizontal well geological model. A formation temperature simulation system capable of keeping the horizontal well geological model at a predetermined temperature is provided between the stress application system and the horizontal well geological model.

2. The fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing according to claim 1 is characterized in that The horizontal well geological model includes a left rock mass, a fault and a right rock mass. The left rock mass is in the shape of an inverted right-angled terrace that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and its right side is inclined in the shape of left-bottom-right-upper. On the right side of the left rock mass is a right rock mass whose left side matches the shape of the right side of the left rock mass. The right rock mass is in the shape of a right-angled terrace that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and a fault is provided between the left and right rock masses.

3. The fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing according to claim 2 is characterized in that The formation temperature simulation system includes an upper left loading pad, a lower left loading pad, a left front loading pad, a left rear loading pad, a left loading pad, an upper right loading pad, a lower right loading pad, a right front loading pad, a right rear loading pad, a right loading pad and a high-temperature pump. The upper left loading pad, the lower left loading pad, the left front loading pad, the left rear loading pad and the left loading pad are fixedly installed on the upper side, lower side, front side, rear side and left side of the left rock mass respectively. The right end face shapes of the left front loading pad and the left rear loading pad match the right face shape of the left rock mass; the upper right loading pad, the right lower right loading pad, the front side, rear side and right side of the right rock mass are fixedly installed on the upper side, lower side, front side, rear side and right side of the right rock mass respectively. The lower loading pad, the right front loading pad, the right rear loading pad and the right loading pad, the left end face shapes of the right front loading pad and the right rear loading pad match the left side shape of the right rock mass; the lower side of the upper left loading pad, the lower side of the upper right loading pad and the left side of the right loading pad are all provided with optical fiber installation grooves for facilitating the laying of distributed optical fiber monitoring systems; the right loading pad corresponding to the horizontal wellbore position is provided with left and right through casing installation holes, the inner side of the casing installation hole is fitted together with the outer side of the right part of the wellbore casing; all the above-mentioned loading pads are provided with high-temperature medium flow channels that are coiled in a serpentine or S shape, and all high-temperature medium flow channels can be connected to high-temperature pumps through high-temperature pipelines.

4. The fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing according to claim 3 is characterized in that The stress application system includes a U-shaped reaction force frame, a front pressure loading device, a rear pressure loading device, an upper reaction force plate, an upper pressure loading device, a left reaction force supporting device, a right reaction force supporting device, a left reaction force plate, a right reaction force plate, a left pressure loading device and a right pressure loading device. A formation temperature simulation system and a horizontal well geological model are arranged in the U-shaped reaction force frame. Two front force holes that are connected inside and outside are arranged at intervals on the left and right sides of the middle of the front side of the U-shaped reaction force frame. The two front force holes are provided with front pressure loading devices whose rear ends can respectively resist the front sides of the left front loading pad and the right front loading pad; rear force holes that are connected inside and outside are arranged on the rear side of the U-shaped reaction force frame corresponding to the positions of the two front force holes, and the two rear force holes are provided with rear pressure loading devices whose front ends can respectively resist the rear sides of the left rear loading pad and the right rear loading pad; an upper reaction force plate is detachably installed on the upper side of the U-shaped reaction force frame, and two upper reaction plates that are connected up and down are arranged at intervals on the left and right sides of the middle of the upper reaction plate. The force holes are provided with upper pressure loading devices whose lower ends can respectively abut against the upper sides of the left upper loading pad and the upper sides of the right upper loading pad; a left reaction force support device which can balance the stress of the lower part of the left rock mass is provided between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped reaction force frame and the lower side of the left lower loading pad, and a right reaction force support device which can balance the stress of the lower part of the right rock mass is provided between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped reaction force frame and the lower side of the right lower loading pad; the left and right sides of the U-shaped reaction force frame are detachably provided with a left reaction plate and a right reaction plate respectively, a left force hole which passes through left and right is provided in the middle of the left reaction plate, a left pressure loading device whose right end abuts against the middle part of the left side of the left loading pad is provided in the left force hole, a right force hole which passes through left and right is provided on the right reaction plate corresponding to the position of the left force hole, and a right pressure loading device whose left end abuts against the middle part of the right side of the right loading pad is provided in the right force hole; an axial channel is provided in the middle of the right pressure loading device, and the right part of the wellbore casing is sleeved in the axial channel.

5. The fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing according to claim 4 is characterized in that The stress application system also includes a loading oil source, and the front pressure loading device, the rear pressure loading device, the upper pressure loading device, the left pressure loading device and the right pressure loading device are all loading oil cylinders, and all loading oil cylinders are respectively provided with connecting flanges that can be detachably installed with the corresponding positions of the U-shaped reaction force frame, the upper reaction force plate, the left reaction force plate and the right reaction force plate through threaded fasteners. The middle part of the piston rod of the right loading oil cylinder is provided with a casing through hole for facilitating the passage of the wellbore casing, and all loading oil cylinders are respectively connected to the loading oil source through oil pipelines and control valves; or / and, the left reaction force supporting device includes an elastic telescopic part and a top plate and a bottom plate arranged at intervals up and down, and elastic telescopic parts that can be telescoped and buffered up and down are provided between the corresponding positions of the lower side of the four corners of the top plate and the upper side of the four corners of the bottom plate, and between the lower side of the middle part of the top plate and the upper side of the middle part of the bottom plate. The right reaction force supporting device has the same structure as the left reaction force supporting device, and the outer dimensions of the two are respectively adapted to the outer dimensions of the lower left loading pad and the lower right loading pad.

6. The fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that The distributed optical fiber monitoring system includes a casing monitoring distributed optical fiber, a longitudinal distributed optical fiber group, a horizontal distributed optical fiber group and an optical fiber signal collector. A casing monitoring distributed optical fiber is provided in a horizontal well geological model corresponding to the position between the wellbore casing and the horizontal wellbore. A plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fiber groups are provided at left and right intervals in the horizontal well geological model, and each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group includes a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fibers arranged at front and rear intervals. A plurality of horizontal distributed optical fiber groups are provided at upper and lower intervals in the horizontal well geological model, and each horizontal distributed optical fiber group includes a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fibers arranged at front and rear intervals. The casing monitoring distributed optical fiber, each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group and the horizontal distributed optical fiber group can all be connected to the optical fiber signal collector.

7. The fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that The perforating system includes a perforating gun and a perforating gun controller, the inner side of the wellbore casing is sleeved together with the outer side from the left end to the right end of the perforating gun, and the right end of the perforating gun is connected to the perforating gun controller; or / and, the fracturing system includes a fracturing pipeline and a fracturing plunger pump, the right end of the wellbore casing is sealed and installed together with the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pipeline, and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing pipeline is sealed and installed together with the liquid outlet of the fracturing plunger pump; or / and, it also includes a bridge plug for realizing staged fracturing, the bridge plug is in the shape of a date and an axial flow channel is provided in the middle, the outer side of the middle part of the bridge plug is sleeved together with the inner wall of the wellbore casing, a sealing ring is provided between the outer side of the left end of the bridge plug and the inner wall of the wellbore casing, and a ball seat capable of realizing ball-dropping fracturing is provided on the inner side of the right part of the bridge plug.

8. The fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing according to claim 6, characterized in that The perforating system includes a perforating gun and a perforating gun controller, the inner side of the wellbore casing is sleeved together with the outer side from the left end to the right end of the perforating gun, and the right end of the perforating gun is connected to the perforating gun controller; or / and, the fracturing system includes a fracturing pipeline and a fracturing plunger pump, the right end of the wellbore casing is sealed and installed together with the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pipeline, and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing pipeline is sealed and installed together with the liquid outlet of the fracturing plunger pump; or / and, it also includes a bridge plug for realizing staged fracturing, the bridge plug is in the shape of a date and an axial flow channel is provided in the middle, the outer side of the middle part of the bridge plug is sleeved together with the inner wall of the wellbore casing, a sealing ring is provided between the outer side of the left end of the bridge plug and the inner wall of the wellbore casing, and a ball seat capable of realizing ball-dropping fracturing is provided on the inner side of the right part of the bridge plug.

9. The fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing according to claim 1, 2, 3, 5 or 8, characterized in that It also includes a control system capable of controlling the simulation process. The control system includes a console and a computer. The console is provided with at least one computer, which is respectively connected to the distributed optical fiber monitoring system, the perforating system, the fracturing system, the formation temperature simulation system, and the stress application system.

10. The fault activation and induced earthquake test system for simulating horizontal well hydraulic fracturing according to claim 7, characterized in that It also includes a control system capable of controlling the simulation process. The control system includes a console and a computer. The console is provided with at least one computer, which is respectively connected to the distributed optical fiber monitoring system, the perforating system, the fracturing system, the formation temperature simulation system, and the stress application system.

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