Electron linear accelerator

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an electron linear accelerator. The electron linear accelerator comprises a target body and an accelerating tube. One side of the target body is provided with a target surface, and at least partial area of the target surface is sunken to form an effective concave surface. The accelerating tube is arranged on the side, provided with the target face, of the target body, and the accelerating tube faces the effective concave face. On the target surface, at least the effective concave surface is matched with the accelerating tube so as to be used for receiving charged particle beams from the accelerating tube. The electron linear accelerator provided by the embodiment of the invention can improve the nuclear reaction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of accelerators, and in particular to an electron linear accelerator. Background Art

[0002] In the related technology, the electron linear accelerator includes structures such as electron gun, accelerating tube, microwave transmission system, focusing system and target. Its basic working principle is that the electron gun emits electrons into the accelerating tube, and the electrons are accelerated by the accelerating field, thereby generating a high-energy electron beam to hit the target, and the high-energy electron beam undergoes a nuclear reaction with the target and releases heat.

[0003] However, in the related art, the shapes of the accelerator targets are mostly flat or cylindrical. When targets of these shapes are bombarded by high-energy particles, the contact between the high-energy particles and the targets is insufficient, resulting in insufficient nuclear reaction efficiency and insufficient stability. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the main purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electron linear accelerator that can improve the efficiency of nuclear reactions.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:

[0006] The present application embodiment provides an electron linear accelerator, comprising:

[0007] A target body, wherein one side of the target body has a target surface, and at least a portion of the target surface is recessed to form an effective concave surface;

[0008] An accelerating tube, the accelerating tube being arranged on a side of the target body having the target surface, and the accelerating tube facing the effective concave surface;

[0009] On the target surface, at least the effective concave surface cooperates with the accelerating tube to receive the charged particle beam from the accelerating tube.

[0010] In one embodiment, along the concave direction of the effective concave surface, the cross-sectional size of the effective concave surface gradually decreases.

[0011] In one embodiment, the effective concave surface is a conical concave surface.

[0012] In one embodiment, the target body has a cooling surface on a side facing away from the target surface, and at least a portion of the cooling surface is a cooling arc surface convex toward the side facing away from the target surface;

[0013] The electron linear accelerator further comprises a cooling component, which is arranged on a side of the target body having the cooling surface, and the cooling component at least cooperates with the cooling arc surface to cool the target body.

[0014] In one embodiment, the cooling surface is a hemispherical surface convex toward a side away from the target surface; and / or,

[0015] The cooling component contacts the cooling arc surface to cool the target.

[0016] In one embodiment, the cooling component has a cooling cavity, a side of the cooling cavity away from the cooling arc surface has a water inlet, a side of the cooling cavity close to the cooling arc surface has a water outlet, and a region of the cooling component having the water outlet fits with the cooling arc surface so that at least a portion of the cooling arc surface extends into the cooling cavity;

[0017] A cooling water flow path passing through the cooling arc surface is formed in the cooling cavity from the water inlet to the water outlet.

[0018] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling cavity gradually increases from the water inlet to the water outlet; and / or,

[0019] The cooling cavity is a conical cooling cavity.

[0020] In one embodiment, the cooling assembly further includes a cooling shell and a cooling body, the cooling body having the cooling cavity, the cooling body being arranged in the cooling shell, the cooling body being spaced apart from at least a portion of the cooling shell to form a flow passage having a water outlet, and the flow passage being in communication with the water outlet;

[0021] A reflux path passing through the flow channel is formed in the cooling shell from the water inlet to the water outlet.

[0022] In one embodiment, the cooling surfaces are all located in the cooling shell, a partial area of ​​the cooling surface is located in the cooling cavity, and another partial area of ​​the cooling surface is located in the flow channel.

[0023] In one embodiment, in a projection plane perpendicular to the concave direction of the effective concave surface, the projection of the effective concave surface is a first projection, the projection of the area of ​​the cooling arc surface located in the cooling cavity is a second projection, and the first projection is located within the range of the second projection.

[0024] The embodiment of the present application provides an electron linear accelerator, which includes a target body and an accelerating tube. One side of the target body has a target surface, and at least a portion of the target surface is recessed to form an effective concave surface. The accelerating tube is arranged on the side of the target body having the target surface, and the accelerating tube faces the effective concave surface. On the target surface, at least the effective concave surface cooperates with the accelerating tube to receive a charged particle beam from the accelerating tube. Since the effective concave surface is formed by the recessing of at least a portion of the target surface, the actual equivalent contact area of ​​the target surface can be enlarged, which can be more conducive to the nuclear reaction between the charged particle beam and the target body, and can make the high-energy particles contact the target body more fully, thereby improving the efficiency of the nuclear reaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the matching relationship between a target and a cooling assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic cross-section of the target and cooling assembly.

[0027] Description of Reference Numerals

[0028] 10. Target body; 10a. Target surface; 10b. Effective concave surface; 10c. Cooling surface; 10d. Cooling arc surface; 20. Cooling assembly; 20a. Cooling cavity; 20b. Water inlet; 20c. Water outlet; 21. Cooling shell; 21a. Flow channel; 21b. Water outlet; 22. Cooling body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and the protection scope of the present application cannot be limited by this. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0032] An embodiment of the present application provides an electron linear accelerator, which includes a target 10 and an accelerating tube.

[0033] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 One side of the target body 10 has a target surface 10 a , and at least a portion of the target surface 10 a is recessed to form an effective concave surface 10 b .

[0034] The accelerating tube is disposed on one side of the target body 10 having the target surface 10 a , and the accelerating tube faces the effective concave surface 10 b .

[0035] On the target surface 10a, at least the effective concave surface 10b cooperates with the accelerating tube to receive the charged particle beam from the accelerating tube.

[0036] Specifically, the charged particle beam from the accelerating tube bombards the effective concave surface 10b of the target surface 10a. According to actual conditions, the charged particle beam may only hit the effective concave surface 10b, and of course part of the charged particle beam may also hit other areas of the target surface 10a.

[0037] The effective concave surface 10b can be formed by a part of the target surface 10a being concave toward the side away from the accelerating tube, or the entire target surface 10a being concave toward the side away from the accelerating tube. Due to the formation of the effective concave surface 10b, the target surface 10a is not a flat plane, so the outer surface area of ​​the target surface 10a can be increased, thereby increasing the actual equivalent contact area between the target surface 10a and the charged particle beam, which is beneficial to the nuclear reaction between the particles and the target body 10.

[0038] The specific material of the target body 10 can be set according to actual conditions. For example, the target body 10 is a metal target body 10, such as copper or aluminum. Thus, the cost of the target body 10 can be reduced, and at the same time, it can withstand the strong impact of high-energy particles in the charged particle beam.

[0039] The specific setting position of the effective concave surface 10b is not limited. For example, the effective concave surface 10b is located in the middle area of ​​the target surface 10a and is symmetrically arranged about the target surface 10a, thereby making the distribution of incident particles on the target body 10 more uniform, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the nuclear reaction.

[0040] The tube mouth of the accelerating tube faces the effective concave surface 10b. In some embodiments, the tube mouth of the accelerating tube can also be welded to the effective concave surface 10b through vacuum high temperature welding to ensure the stability of the connection.

[0041] The specific shape of the effective concave surface 10b is not limited.

[0042] For example, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , along the concave direction of the effective concave surface 10b, the cross-sectional size of the effective concave surface 10b gradually decreases. That is, the opening size of the effective concave surface 10b close to the accelerating tube is the largest, and the opening size of the effective concave surface 10b away from the accelerating tube is the smallest, thereby facilitating the charged particle beam from the accelerating tube to enter the effective concave surface 10b to better act on the target 10.

[0043] For example, the effective concave surface 10b is a conical concave surface, such as a cone or a pyramid.

[0044] The electron linear accelerator of the embodiment of the present application includes a target body 10 and an accelerating tube. One side of the target body 10 has a target surface 10a, and at least a portion of the target surface 10a is recessed to form an effective concave surface 10b. The accelerating tube is arranged on the side of the target body 10 having the target surface 10a, and the accelerating tube faces the effective concave surface 10b. On the target surface 10a, at least the effective concave surface 10b cooperates with the accelerating tube to receive the charged particle beam from the accelerating tube. Since the effective concave surface 10b is formed by the recessing of at least a portion of the target surface 10a, the actual equivalent contact area of ​​the target surface 10a can be enlarged, which can be more conducive to the charged particle beam and the target body 10 to perform nuclear reaction, and can make the high-energy particles contact with the target body 10 more fully, thereby improving the efficiency of the nuclear reaction.

[0045] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The target body 10 has a cooling surface 10c on the side away from the target surface 10a, and at least a part of the cooling surface 10c is a cooling arc surface 10d protruding toward the side away from the target surface 10a.

[0046] The electron linear accelerator further includes a cooling assembly 20 , which is disposed on a side of the target body 10 having the cooling surface 10 c . The cooling assembly 20 at least cooperates with the cooling arc surface 10 d to cool the target body 10 .

[0047] Specifically, when a charged particle beam undergoes a nuclear reaction with the target 10, heat is released. During this process, the temperature of the target chamber rises rapidly, causing the target pressure to rise, which may cause the target 10 to rupture and reduce the service life of the target material. Therefore, by providing a cooling assembly 20 to cool the target 10, the performance of the target 10 structure can be guaranteed, its service life can be extended, and the user's use cost can be reduced.

[0048] The cooling surface 10c is located on the side of the target body 10 opposite to the target surface 10a, wherein the cooling arc surface 10d is a curved surface that bends toward the side of the cooling component 20. Therefore, by cooperating with the cooling component 20 and the cooling arc surface 10d, the area of ​​the cooling surface 10c cooperating with the cooling component 20 can be greatly increased, and the cooling effect of the cooling component 20 on the target body 10 can be improved.

[0049] Only a part of the cooling surface 10c may be the cooling arc surface 10d, and of course the entire cooling surface 10c may be the cooling arc surface 10d.

[0050] The specific shape of the cooling surface 10c is not limited.

[0051] For example, the cooling surface 10c is a hemispherical surface that protrudes toward the side away from the target surface 10a. In other words, the cooling surface 10c as a whole is a curved surface that bends toward the cooling component 20. Therefore, on the one hand, the hemispherical target body 10 is tightly combined with the cooling component 20, which can ensure that the cooling water flow of the cooling component 20 can fully contact the cooling surface 10c of the target body 10, and can quickly take away a large amount of heat, effectively improving the heat dissipation performance. On the other hand, the hemispherical design can provide stable support and efficient cooling for the target body 10, which can reduce deformation and damage caused by thermal stress and mechanical stress, and enhance structural stability.

[0052] In one embodiment, the cooling assembly 20 contacts the cooling arc surface 10d to cool the target 10. By directly contacting the cooling assembly 20 with the cooling arc surface 10d, an efficient heat exchange interface can be formed to better cool the target 10, thereby further improving the cooling effect.

[0053] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The cooling component 20 has a cooling cavity 20a, a side of the cooling cavity 20a facing away from the cooling arc surface 10d has a water inlet 20b, and a side of the cooling cavity 20a close to the cooling arc surface 10d has a water outlet 20c. The area of ​​the cooling component 20 having the water outlet 20c is in contact with the cooling arc surface 10d, so that at least a portion of the cooling arc surface 10d extends into the cooling cavity 20a.

[0054] From the water inlet 20b to the water outlet 20c, a cooling water flow path passing through the cooling arc surface 10d is formed in the cooling chamber 20a, so that the cooling water from the water inlet 20b can directly cool the cooling arc surface 10d, so as to achieve a better cooling effect on the target body 10.

[0055] Specifically, cooling water flows into the cooling cavity 20 a from the water inlet 20 b and flows along the cooling water flow path to the cooling arc surface 10 d to cool the target body 10 .

[0056] Since the cooling arc surface 10 d is an arc surface that bends toward the cooling cavity 20 a , the surface area of ​​the cooling water in contact with the cooling surface 10 c of the target body 10 can be increased, thereby greatly improving the cooling effect of the cooling assembly 20 .

[0057] It should be noted that only a portion of the cooling arc surface 10d may extend into the cooling cavity 20a, or the entire area may be located in the cooling cavity 20a.

[0058] The specific shape of the cooling chamber 20a is not limited.

[0059] For example, see Figure 1 , from the water inlet 20b to the water outlet 20c, the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling chamber 20a gradually increases. That is to say, the opening size of the cooling chamber 20a on the side of the water outlet 20c is larger, while the opening size of the cooling chamber 20a on the side of the water inlet 20b is smaller. Therefore, the design of gradually increasing the cross-sectional size of the cooling chamber 20a can gradually increase the cooling water flow rate, and at the same time can make the contact area between the cooling surface 10c of the target 10 and the cooling water at the water outlet 20c larger, which can further improve the cooling effect.

[0060] For example, the cooling cavity 20a is a conical cooling cavity 20a, such as a cone or a pyramid.

[0061] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The cooling assembly 20 also includes a cooling shell 21 and a cooling body 22. The cooling body 22 has a cooling cavity 20a. The cooling body 22 is arranged in the cooling shell 21. The cooling body 22 and at least a part of the cooling shell 21 are spaced apart to form a flow channel 21a with a water outlet 21b. The flow channel 21a is connected to the water outlet 20c.

[0062] From the water inlet 20c to the water outlet 21b, a reflux path passing through the flow channel 21a is formed in the cooling shell 21. Thus, by forming the reflux path, the cooling water can remove the heat generated by the target body 10 after cooling the target body 10, and can be combined with the cooling water flow path to form a water cooling cycle.

[0063] Specifically, the flow passage 21a is a passage for the cooling water from the water port 20c to flow. In fact, after the cooling water flows into the cooling chamber 20a from the water inlet 20b, it flows along the cooling water flow path to the water port 20c to cool the cooling surface 10c of the target body 10. Subsequently, the cooling water flows out from the water port 20c to the flow passage 21a, and flows out through the water outlet 21b, thereby achieving a better heat dissipation effect.

[0064] The cooling housing 21 can be provided to prevent the leakage of cooling water.

[0065] The specific materials of the cooling shell 21 and the cooling body 22 are not limited. For example, the cooling body 22 is made of a high thermal conductivity material.

[0066] For another example, the cooling shell 21 is made of stainless steel.

[0067] During the operation of the electron linear accelerator, the flow rate of the cooling water in the cooling assembly 20 is controlled to adjust in real time according to the temperature of the target 10, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the target 10 is stable within a reasonable range.

[0068] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The cooling surface 10c is located in the cooling shell 21, a part of the cooling surface 10c is located in the cooling cavity 20a, and another part of the cooling surface 10c is located in the flow channel 21a. Thus, the contact area between the cooling water and the target 10 can be greatly increased, thereby greatly improving the cooling effect of the cooling assembly 20 on the target 10.

[0069] In one embodiment, in a projection plane perpendicular to the concave direction of the effective concave surface 10b, the projection of the effective concave surface 10b is a first projection, the projection of the area of ​​the cooling arc surface 10d located in the cooling cavity 20a is a second projection, and the first projection is located within the second projection range. Thus, the cooling assembly 20 can better cool the target body 10, which can greatly improve the heat dissipation effect.

[0070] Specifically, the position of the effective concave surface 10b is aligned with the position of the cooling arc surface 10d so that the effective concave surface 10b and the cooling arc surface 10d are located in the same direction, so that the heat generated by the charged particle beam hitting the target body 10 can be quickly transferred to the cooling arc surface 10d and can be quickly taken away by the cooling component 20.

[0071] From the perspective of projection, the projection of the cooling arc surface 10d located in the cooling cavity 20a is larger than the projection of the effective concave surface 10b and covers it.

[0072] In the description of the present application, the description with reference to the terms "in one embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in a specific embodiment", or "exemplary" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In the present application, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine different embodiments or examples described in the present application and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electron linear accelerator, characterized in that: include: A target body, wherein one side of the target body has a target surface, and at least a portion of the target surface is recessed to form an effective concave surface; An accelerating tube, the accelerating tube being arranged on a side of the target body having the target surface, and the accelerating tube facing the effective concave surface; On the target surface, at least the effective concave surface cooperates with the accelerating tube to receive the charged particle beam from the accelerating tube.

2. The electron linear accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the concave direction of the effective concave surface, the cross-sectional size of the effective concave surface gradually decreases.

3. The electron linear accelerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The effective concave surface is a conical concave surface.

4. The electron linear accelerator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The target body has a cooling surface on a side away from the target surface, and at least a portion of the cooling surface is a cooling arc surface convex toward the side away from the target surface; The electron linear accelerator further comprises a cooling component, which is arranged on a side of the target body having the cooling surface, and the cooling component at least cooperates with the cooling arc surface to cool the target body.

5. The electron linear accelerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling surface is a hemispherical surface convex toward the side away from the target surface; and / or, The cooling component contacts the cooling arc surface to cool the target.

6. The electron linear accelerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling component has a cooling cavity, the cooling cavity has a water inlet on a side away from the cooling arc surface, the cooling cavity has a water outlet on a side close to the cooling arc surface, and the area of ​​the cooling component having the water outlet fits with the cooling arc surface so that at least a part of the cooling arc surface extends into the cooling cavity; A cooling water flow path passing through the cooling arc surface is formed in the cooling cavity from the water inlet to the water outlet.

7. The electron linear accelerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling cavity gradually increases from the water inlet to the water outlet; and / or, The cooling cavity is a conical cooling cavity.

8. The electron linear accelerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cooling assembly further includes a cooling shell and a cooling body, the cooling body having the cooling cavity, the cooling body being arranged in the cooling shell, the cooling body being spaced apart from at least a portion of the cooling shell to form a flow passage having a water outlet, the flow passage being in communication with the water outlet; A reflux path passing through the flow channel is formed in the cooling shell from the water inlet to the water outlet.

9. The electron linear accelerator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cooling surfaces are all located in the cooling shell, a partial area of ​​the cooling surface is located in the cooling cavity, and another partial area of ​​the cooling surface is located in the flow passage.

10. The electron linear accelerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: In a projection plane perpendicular to the concave direction of the effective concave surface, the projection of the effective concave surface is a first projection, the projection of the area of ​​the cooling arc surface located in the cooling cavity is a second projection, and the first projection is located within the range of the second projection.

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