Access authentication method and equipment

Abstract

An access authentication method and device, the method comprising: a first device sends target access request information to a second device, the target access request information being sent in a backscatter manner, or the target access request information being sent in a backscatter manner and an active emission manner, or the target access request information being sent in a backscatter manner and an active emission manner; the target access request information is used for the first device to access the second device.

Description

Access authentication method and device Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and specifically to a method and device for access authentication. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, traditional terminals require authorization and authentication to connect to the network. After the introduction of zero-power devices, how to perform access authentication for zero-power devices becomes an urgent problem that needs to be solved.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a method and device for access authentication, which can implement access authentication of zero-power devices.

[0005] In a first aspect, a method for access authentication is provided, comprising:

[0006] The first device sends target access request information to the second device, wherein the target access request information is sent through backscattering, or the target access request information is sent through backscattering and active transmission, and the target access request information is used for the first device to access the second device.

[0007] In a second aspect, a method for access authentication is provided, including:

[0008] The second device sends target access response information to the first device, wherein the target access response information is sent via backscattering, or the access response information is sent via backscattering and active transmission, and the target access response information is response information of a target access request signal, and the target access request information is used for the first device to access the second device.

[0009] In a third aspect, a terminal device is provided for executing the method in the above-mentioned first aspect or its various implementations.

[0010] Specifically, the terminal device includes a functional module for executing the method in the above-mentioned first aspect or its various implementation modes.

[0011] In a fourth aspect, a network device is provided for executing the method in the above second aspect or its various implementations.

[0012] Specifically, the network device includes a functional module for executing the method in the above-mentioned second aspect or its various implementation modes.

[0013] In a fifth aspect, a terminal device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a computer program, and the processor is configured to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method of the first aspect or its respective implementations.

[0014] In a sixth aspect, a network device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a computer program, and the processor is configured to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method of the second aspect or its respective implementations.

[0015] In a seventh aspect, a chip is provided for implementing the method in any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0016] Specifically, the chip includes: a processor for calling and running a computer program from a memory, so that a device equipped with the device executes the method in any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0017] In an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing a computer program, which enables a computer to execute the method of any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0018] In a ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising computer program instructions, wherein the computer program instructions enable a computer to execute the method of any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0019] In a tenth aspect, a computer program is provided, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method of any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0020] Through the above technical solution, in access authentication, devices that support backscatter communication (such as zero-power devices) can use backscattering to send access authentication related information (such as target access request information, target access response information), thereby enabling access authentication of zero-power devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a zero-power communication system according to an example of the present application.

[0023] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of energy harvesting according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] FIG5 is a circuit diagram of resistive load modulation according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of radio frequency performance requirements of a receiver according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of receiver blocking according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an access authentication method provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] FIG9 is a schematic interaction diagram of another access authentication method provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] FIG10 is a schematic interaction diagram of another access authentication method provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] FIG11 is a schematic interaction diagram of another access authentication method provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG12 is a schematic interaction diagram of yet another access authentication method provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] FIG13 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] FIG14 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] FIG15 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] FIG16 is a schematic block diagram of a chip provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 17 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. With respect to the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) system, New Radio (NR) system, NR system evolution system, LTE on unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, NR on unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (Wireless Fidelity) system. Fidelity, WiFi), fifth-generation communication (5th-Generation, 5G) system, cellular Internet of Things system, cellular passive Internet of Things system or other communication systems, etc.

[0040] Generally speaking, traditional communication systems support a limited number of connections and are easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, mobile communication systems will not only support traditional communications, but will also support, for example, device-to-device (D2D) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, etc. The embodiments of the present application can also be applied to these communication systems.

[0041] Optionally, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a carrier aggregation (CA) scenario, a dual connectivity (DC) scenario, or a standalone (SA) networking scenario.

[0042] Optionally, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, where the unlicensed spectrum can also be considered as a shared spectrum; or, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to an authorized spectrum, where the authorized spectrum can also be considered as an unshared spectrum.

[0043] The embodiments of the present application describe various embodiments in conjunction with network devices and terminal devices, wherein the terminal device may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device, etc.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device may be a device for communicating with a mobile device. The network device may be an access point (AP) in WLAN, a base station (BTS) in GSM or CDMA, a base station (NodeB, NB) in WCDMA, an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, or a relay station or access point, or a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a network device (gNB) in an NR network, or a network device in a cellular Internet of Things, or a network device in a cellular passive Internet of Things, or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network or a network device in an NTN network, etc.

[0045] As an example and not a limitation, in an embodiment of the present application, the network device may have a mobile feature, for example, the network device may be a mobile device. Alternatively, the network device may be a satellite or a balloon station. For example, the satellite may be a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite, a high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite, etc. Optionally, the network device may also be a base station set up in a location such as land or water.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device can provide services for a cell, and the terminal device communicates with the network device through the transmission resources used by the cell (for example, frequency domain resources, or spectrum resources). The cell can be a cell corresponding to the network device (for example, a base station). The cell can belong to a macro base station or a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cells here may include: metro cells, micro cells, pico cells, femto cells, etc. These small cells have the characteristics of small coverage and low transmission power, and are suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.

[0047] The terminal device can be a station (ST) in a WLAN, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a next-generation communication system such as an NR network, or a terminal device in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) network, a terminal device in a cellular Internet of Things, a terminal device in a cellular passive Internet of Things, etc.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on the water surface (such as ships, etc.); it can also be deployed in the air (such as airplanes, balloons and satellites, etc.).

[0049] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, or a wireless terminal device in a smart home, etc.

[0050] As an example and not a limitation, in the embodiment of the present application, the terminal device may also be a wearable device. Wearable devices may also be called wearable smart devices, which are a general term for wearable devices that are intelligently designed and developed using wearable technology for daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. A wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. Wearable devices are not only hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are fully functional, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, as well as those that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0051] For example, a communication system 100 used in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG1 . The communication system 100 may include a network device 110, which may be a device that communicates with a terminal device 120 (or a communication terminal or terminal). The network device 110 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area and may communicate with terminal devices within the coverage area.

[0052] FIG1 exemplarily shows a network device and two terminal devices. Optionally, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices and each network device may include another number of terminal devices within its coverage area, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0053] Optionally, the communication system 100 may further include other network entities such as a network controller and a mobility management entity, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0054] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, a device having a communication function in a network / system may be referred to as a communication device. Taking the communication system 100 shown in FIG1 as an example, the communication device may include a network device 110 and a terminal device 120 having a communication function. The network device 110 and the terminal device 120 may be the specific devices described above and will not be described in detail here. The communication device may also include other devices in the communication system 100, such as a network controller, a mobility management entity, and other network entities, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0055] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably herein. The term "and / or" is simply a description of an association between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0056] It should be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association. For example, "A indicates B" can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also mean that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; it can also mean that there is an association between A and B.

[0057] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" may indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, or an association relationship between the two, or a relationship between indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, etc.

[0058] In the embodiments of the present application, "pre-defined" may be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in a device (e.g., a terminal device or a network device). The present application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, pre-defined may refer to information defined in a protocol.

[0059] In the embodiments of the present application, the "protocol" may refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, for example, it may include an LTE protocol, an NR protocol, and related protocols used in future communication systems, and this application does not limit this.

[0060] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the relevant technologies of the present application are explained.

[0061] 1. Zero-power communication

[0062] The key technologies of zero-power communication include energy harvesting, backscatter communication and low-power technology.

[0063] As shown in Figure 2, a typical zero-power communication system (such as an RFID system) includes a network device (such as an RFID system reader) and a zero-power device (such as an electronic tag). The network device is used to send wireless power supply signals and downlink communication signals to the zero-power device and receive backscattered signals from the zero-power device. A basic zero-power device includes an energy harvesting module, a backscatter communication module, and a low-power computing module. In addition, the zero-power device may also have a memory or sensor for storing some basic information (such as item identification, etc.) or sensor data such as ambient temperature and ambient humidity.

[0064] For example, the energy harvesting module can collect energy carried by radio waves in space (Figure 2 shows radio waves emitted by network devices) to drive the low-power computing module of the zero-power device and implement backscatter communication. After obtaining energy, the zero-power device can receive control commands from the network device and send data to the network device based on control signaling using backscattering. The data sent can be data stored in the zero-power device itself (such as an identity identifier or pre-written information, such as the product's production date, brand, manufacturer, etc.). The zero-power device can also be loaded with various sensors, so that the data collected by various sensors can be reported based on the zero-power mechanism.

[0065] The following describes the key technologies in zero-power communication.

[0066] 1. RF Power Harvesting

[0067] As shown in Figure 3, the RF energy harvesting module uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to harvest electromagnetic wave energy from space, thereby obtaining the energy needed to operate zero-power devices. This energy is used to drive low-power demodulation and modulation modules, sensors, and memory readout. Therefore, zero-power devices do not require traditional batteries.

[0068] 2. Back Scattering

[0069] As shown in Figure 4, a zero-power device receives a carrier signal sent by a network device, modulates it, loads the information to be transmitted, and radiates the modulated signal from the antenna. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication. Backscatter and load modulation are closely related. Load modulation achieves this by adjusting and controlling the circuit parameters of the zero-power device's oscillator circuit according to the data stream's rhythm, causing parameters such as the zero-power device's impedance to change accordingly. Load modulation techniques primarily include resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, a resistor is connected in parallel with the load, which is turned on or off based on the binary data stream, as shown in Figure 5. The switching of the resistor causes a change in the circuit voltage, thus implementing amplitude-shifted keying (ASK) modulation. This modulation and transmission is achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the zero-power device's backscattered signal. Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, the switching of the capacitor changes the circuit's resonant frequency, enabling frequency-shifted keying (FSK) modulation. This modulation and transmission is achieved by adjusting the operating frequency of the zero-power device's backscattered signal.

[0070] It can be seen that the zero-power device uses load modulation to modulate the incoming signal, thereby realizing the backscatter communication process. Therefore, the zero-power device has significant advantages:

[0071] (1) It does not actively transmit signals, so it does not require complex RF links, such as PA, RF filters, etc.

[0072] (2) There is no need to actively generate high-frequency signals, so no high-frequency crystal oscillator is required;

[0073] (3) With the help of backscatter communication, terminal signal transmission does not need to consume the terminal's own energy.

[0074] 3. Coding technology

[0075] Data transmitted by zero-power devices can use various codes to represent binary "1s" and "0s." RFID systems typically use one of the following encoding methods: non-return-to-zero (NRZ), Manchester, unipolar return-to-zero, differential bi-phase (DBP), differential, pulse interval encoding (PIE), bidirectional space encoding (FMO), Miller, and differential encoding. In simple terms, different encoding techniques use different pulse signals to represent 0s and 1s.

[0076] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the power supply signal, scheduling signal and carrier signal related to zero-power communication are explained.

[0077] 1. Energy supply signal

[0078] The energy supply signal is the energy source for the zero-power device to harvest energy.

[0079] From the perspective of energy supply signal carriers, it can be base stations, smart phones, smart gateways, charging stations, micro base stations, etc.

[0080] In terms of frequency band, the frequency band of radio waves used for energy supply can be low frequency, medium frequency, high frequency, etc.

[0081] In terms of waveform, the radio waves used for power supply can be sine waves, square waves, triangle waves, pulses, rectangular waves, etc.

[0082] In addition, the power supply signal can be a continuous wave or a discontinuous wave (ie, a certain period of interruption is allowed).

[0083] Optionally, the energy supply signal can be an existing signal in the 3GPP standard, such as a sounding reference signal (SRS), a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical random access channel (PRACH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), etc., or it can be a WiFi signal or a Bluetooth signal.

[0084] Optionally, the energy supply signal may also be implemented by adding a new signal, for example, adding a signal dedicated to energy supply.

[0085] 2. Trigger signal or scheduling signal

[0086] The trigger signal is used to trigger or schedule the zero-power device to transmit data.

[0087] From the perspective of trigger signal carrier, it can be a base station, smart phone, smart gateway, etc.

[0088] In terms of frequency band, the radio waves used for triggering or scheduling can be low frequency, medium frequency, high frequency, etc.

[0089] In terms of waveform, the radio wave used for triggering or scheduling can be a sine wave, square wave, triangle wave, pulse, rectangular wave, etc.

[0090] In addition, the trigger signal can be a continuous wave or a discontinuous wave (ie, a certain period of interruption is allowed).

[0091] Optionally, the trigger signal may be an existing signal in the 3GPP standard, such as SRS, PUSCH, PRACH, PUCCH, PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, or a WIFI signal or a Bluetooth signal.

[0092] Optionally, the trigger signal may also be implemented by adding a new signal, for example, adding a signal dedicated to triggering or scheduling.

[0093] 3. Carrier signal

[0094] The carrier signal is used by the zero-power device to generate a backscatter signal. For example, the zero-power device may modulate the received carrier signal according to the information to be sent to form a backscatter signal.

[0095] From the perspective of carrier signal carrier, it can be a base station, smart phone, smart gateway, etc.

[0096] In terms of frequency band, the radio waves used as carrier signals can be low frequency, medium frequency, high frequency, etc.

[0097] In terms of waveform, the radio wave used as the carrier signal can be a sine wave, square wave, triangle wave, pulse, rectangular wave, etc.

[0098] In addition, the carrier signal can be a continuous wave or a discontinuous wave (ie, a certain period of interruption is allowed).

[0099] Optionally, the carrier signal may be an existing signal in the 3GPP standard, such as SRS, PUSCH, PRACH, PUCCH, PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, or a WIFI signal or a Bluetooth signal.

[0100] Optionally, the carrier signal may also be implemented by adding a new signal, for example, adding a carrier signal dedicated to generating a backscatter signal.

[0101] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the power supply signal, the scheduling signal and the carrier signal can be the same signal, or they can be different signals. For example, the power supply signal can be used as a carrier signal, and the scheduling signal can also be used as a carrier signal, etc.

[0102] In some scenarios, based on the energy source and usage of zero-power devices, zero-power devices can be divided into the following types:

[0103] 1. Passive zero-power devices

[0104] Zero-power devices (such as electronic tags in RFID systems) do not require internal batteries. When a zero-power device is close to a network device (such as an RFID reader), it is within the near-field radiation generated by the network device's antenna. Consequently, the zero-power device's antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, which drives the device's low-power chip circuitry. This enables forward link signal demodulation and reverse link (or reflection link) signal modulation. For backscatter links, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit signals.

[0105] It can be seen that the passive zero-power device does not require a built-in battery to drive either the forward link or the reverse link, and is a truly zero-power device.

[0106] Passive zero-power devices do not require batteries, and the RF circuit and baseband circuit are very simple. For example, they do not require low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), power amplifiers (PAs), crystal oscillators, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and other devices. Therefore, they have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0107] 2. Semi-passive zero-power devices

[0108] Semi-passive zero-power devices do not have conventional batteries themselves, but instead use RF energy harvesting modules to harvest radio wave energy and store it in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). This energy is then used to power the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power device, performing tasks such as demodulating forward link signals and modulating reverse link signals. For backscatter links, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit signals.

[0109] It can be seen that the semi-passive zero-power device does not require a built-in battery to drive either the forward link or the reverse link. Although it uses energy stored in capacitors during operation, the energy comes from the radio energy collected by the energy harvesting module. Therefore, it is also a truly zero-power device.

[0110] Semi-passive zero-power devices inherit many advantages of passive zero-power devices, so they have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0111] 3. Active zero-power devices

[0112] In some scenarios, zero-power devices can also be active zero-power devices, which can have built-in batteries. The batteries power the low-power chip circuitry in these devices, enabling forward link signal demodulation and reverse link signal modulation. However, for backscatter links, zero-power devices use backscattering to transmit signals. Therefore, the zero-power nature of these devices lies primarily in the fact that reverse link signal transmission does not require the terminal's own power, but rather utilizes backscattering.

[0113] 2. Cellular Passive IoT

[0114] As 5G industry applications expand, the types of connected objects and application scenarios will increase, placing higher demands on the cost and power consumption of communication terminals. The application of battery-free, low-cost passive IoT devices has become a key technology for cellular IoT, expanding the types and number of terminals connected to 5G networks and truly realizing the interconnection of everything. Passive IoT devices can be based on zero-power communication technologies, such as RFID, and can be extended to suit cellular IoT.

[0115] 3. Coexistence of Zero-Power Devices and Traditional Terminals

[0116] In some scenarios, Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) terminals or enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) terminals and traditional terminals in the NR system can coexist in the following three modes: in-band deployment, guard band deployment and independent deployment mode.

[0117] Since the receiver sensitivity of traditional terminals in 4G or 5G systems is much lower than that of zero-power terminals, it is very important to study the coexistence and interference problems between zero-power communication systems and traditional cellular communication networks.

[0118] Due to the unique capabilities of zero-power devices for acquisition and backscatter, studying the coexistence of zero-power communication systems and traditional cellular networks requires analyzing the impact of coexistence on the receiver performance of terminals in both systems. As shown in Figure 6, these requirements include in-channel sensitivity (ICS), maximum input power (maximum input level), adjacent channel selectivity (ACS), blocking (e.g., in-band, out-of-band, and narrow-band), and spurious response.

[0119] Regardless of whether the zero-power device is deployed in-band, guard-band, or standalone mode, downlink signals sent to the zero-power device or reflected signals from the zero-power device may fall into the adjacent band or in-band of the traditional terminal, causing adjacent-band interference or in-band blocking, as shown in Figure 7. In this case, the interfering signal must meet the RF performance requirements of the traditional terminal's receiver; otherwise, it will degrade receiver performance and cause receiver sensitivity degradation (MSD).

[0120] In particular, if the in-band mode is adopted, the first thing to do is to avoid co-channel interference between systems, also known as in-band interference. The input power (input power) of the wireless energy collected by the zero-power terminal is generally at least -20dBm. It is necessary to evaluate whether the transmitted signal and the backscattered signal of the energy source will cause co-channel interference to other 4G / 5G terminals on the same frequency band. For example, from the perspective of wireless power supply, the network needs to send a strong signal to make the receiving power of the zero-power terminal above -20dBm. Such a strong signal may cause the maximum input power of traditional terminals to be affected when using in-band deployment, such as -15dBm. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the impact on traditional terminals and how to avoid related impacts.

[0121] If zero-power devices are deployed alongside traditional terminals, coexistence becomes even more complex. Additional interference from harmonics and intermodulation signals, impacting receiver performance, must also be considered. Furthermore, coexistence with other systems like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and BeiDou requires a more detailed analysis based on the actual operating frequency band and mode. If zero-power devices operate as standalone devices, they only need to meet the RF specifications for adjacent-band and out-of-band spurious emissions of the transmitter and receiver.

[0122] In related technologies, traditional terminals require authorization and authentication to connect to the network. After the introduction of zero-power devices, how to perform access authentication for zero-power devices becomes an urgent problem that needs to be solved.

[0123] In related technologies, Wi-Fi devices can use Near Field Communication (NFC) technology for proximity authentication, but this method cannot meet the requirements of longer distances. While QR code scanning authentication is convenient, it requires a lot of manpower and time for batch access. Furthermore, if the gateway, Wi-Fi hotspot, or controller is replaced or loses power, reconnecting a large number of devices to the network is also a problem.

[0124] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application are described in detail below through specific embodiments. The above related technologies can be combined arbitrarily with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as optional solutions, and all of them fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application. The embodiments of the present application include at least part of the following contents.

[0125] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a method 200 for access authentication according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG8 , the method 200 includes at least part of the following:

[0126] S210: The first device sends target access request information to the second device.

[0127] Correspondingly, the second device receives the target access request information.

[0128] S220: The second device sends target access response information to the first device.

[0129] Correspondingly, the first device receives target access response information.

[0130] In the embodiment of the present application, the first device is also called the access requesting device, the access requester, and the second device is also called the access authentication device, the accessee, etc.

[0131] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the energy supply method of the first device and the second device. For example, the first device may have an energy storage unit that can provide its own energy supply, or the first device may also obtain energy through energy harvesting. For example, the second device may have an energy storage unit that can provide its own energy supply, or the second device may also obtain energy through energy harvesting.

[0132] In some embodiments, the target access request information is used for the first device to access the second device.

[0133] In some embodiments, the target access response message is used to indicate a response of the second device to the access request of the first device.

[0134] In some embodiments, the first device may support backscatter communication and / or active transmit communication.

[0135] That is, the first device supports sending signals in a backscattering manner and / or an active transmission manner.

[0136] In some embodiments, the second device may support backscatter communication and / or active transmit communication.

[0137] That is, the second device supports sending signals in a backscattering manner and / or an active transmission manner.

[0138] In the embodiment of the present application, at least one of the first device and the second device supports backscatter communication.

[0139] Case 1: The first device supports backscatter communication, and the second device does not support backscatter communication.

[0140] Case 2: The first device does not support backscatter communication, and the second device supports backscatter communication.

[0141] Case 3: The first device supports backscatter communication, and the second device supports backscatter communication.

[0142] In some embodiments, when a device (e.g., a first device or a second device) supports backscatter communication, the device may include a functional module for backscatter communication, such as a backscatter transmitter. Optionally, the functional module for backscatter communication may be built into the device, or may be installed later, which is not limited in this application. Optionally, the functional module for backscatter communication may carry an Ambient Enabled Internet of Things (A-IOT) tag.

[0143] In some embodiments, when a device (eg, a first device or a second device) supports active transmission communication, the device may have a functional module for actively transmitting signals, such as a PA, an LNA, a local oscillator, a crystal oscillator, a transistor, or a tunnel diode.

[0144] Optionally, the functional module for active transmission communication may also be used in some cases to amplify backscattered signals to increase the communication range of the backscattered signals. For example, the backscattered signals may be amplified (e.g., reverse amplified) by a PA, LNA, transistor, or tunnel diode to increase the communication range of the backscattered signals.

[0145] In some embodiments, when a device supports both active transmission and backscatter communication, the device may include a functional module for backscatter communication and a functional module for active transmission, such as a main transmitter and a backscatter transmitter. Optionally, the backscatter transmitter supports signal transmission using a backscattering method. The backscatter transmitter cannot autonomously transmit signals and must modulate and reflect received signals to carry the information to be transmitted.

[0146] In some embodiments, the main transmitter and the backscatter transmitter can be independent modules, or the main transmitter and the backscatter transmitter can be considered to include different functional modules in the device. For example, the main transmitter may include functional modules such as a power amplifier, a local oscillator, a crystal oscillator, and an LNA, while the backscatter transmitter may not include the above functional modules.

[0147] In other words, different signal transmission modes may correspond to whether a specific functional module of the transmitter is enabled. Optionally, the specific functional module may include a functional module for actively transmitting signals, such as a power amplifier, a local oscillator, a crystal oscillator, an LNA, and the like. For example, for a backscattering mode or an active transmission mode, one difference is whether a PA is used to amplify the signal. The use of a PA corresponds to an active transmission mode, which requires additional energy to achieve a longer communication distance. Not using a PA and only backscattering the carrier signal corresponds to a backscattering mode. For another example, whether a local oscillator is used may also correspond to different signal transmission modes. The active transmission mode generates a transmission signal through the local oscillator of the transmitter and performs modulation, which does not rely on an external carrier signal. The backscattering mode does not use the local oscillator of the transmitter to generate a transmission signal, but relies on an external carrier signal and performs modulation.

[0148] In some embodiments, the first device may have the following structural units:

[0149] Low-power receiver (or low-complexity receiver), backscatter transmitter.

[0150] In some other embodiments, the first device may have the following structural units:

[0151] Low-power receiver (or low-complexity receiver), backscatter transmitter, main receiver (or traditional receiver), main transmitter (or traditional transmitter).

[0152] In some embodiments, the second device may have the following structural units:

[0153] Low-power receiver (or low-complexity receiver), backscatter transmitter.

[0154] In some other embodiments, the second device may have the following structural units:

[0155] Low-power receiver (or low-complexity receiver), backscatter transmitter, main receiver (or traditional receiver), main transmitter (or traditional transmitter).

[0156] Optionally, the low-power receiver and the backscatter transmitter may be independent structural units, or may be attached to the main receiver and the main transmitter.

[0157] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific implementation of the first device and the second device.

[0158] In some embodiments, the first device may be a zero-power device, a terminal device supporting backscatter communication, or a traditional terminal.

[0159] In some embodiments, the second device may be a zero-power device, a network device supporting backscatter communication, or a traditional network device.

[0160] As an example and not a limitation, the first device may include but is not limited to at least one of the following:

[0161] Mobile phones, tablets, headphones, mice, AR glasses, VR glasses, and drones.

[0162] As an example and not a limitation, the second device may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0163] Base station, AP, router, remote control, smart key.

[0164] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific classification method of zero-power devices. For example, zero-power devices can be divided based on characteristics such as device complexity, power supply method, communication method, modulation method, etc. For example, a zero-power device can be a terminal with at least one of the following characteristics: low complexity, support for environmental power supply, support for power supply from other devices, backscatter, new waveforms (or simple waveforms), low-complexity modulation methods such as amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), and on-off keying (OOK).

[0165] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the naming of zero-power devices. For example, they can also be called low-power devices, ambient power enabled (AMP) devices, energy harvesting-based devices, etc.

[0166] It should be understood that when information is sent via backscattering, the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific source of the carrier signal used for backscattering. For example, the nearest signal can be used as a carrier signal for backscattering, or a dedicated carrier signal can be used for backscattering, or a radio signal in the environment can be used as a carrier signal. The present application is not limited to this.

[0167] In some embodiments, the target access request information is sent via backscattering, or the target access request information is sent via backscattering and active transmission.

[0168] Optionally, when the first device supports backscatter communication, or when the first device supports backscatter communication and active transmission communication, the target access request information may be sent in a backscatter manner.

[0169] Optionally, in a case where the first device supports backscatter communication and active transmission communication, the target access request information is sent in a backscatter manner and an active transmission manner.

[0170] In some embodiments, the target access request information sent via backscattering and active transmission may include:

[0171] Different parts (or different bits) of the target access request information are sent via backscattering and active transmission respectively.

[0172] For example, the first part of the target access request information is sent in a backscattering manner, and the second part is sent in an active reflection manner.

[0173] In other embodiments, the target access request information may also be sent through active transmission.

[0174] For example, when the first device supports active transmission communication, the first device may send the target access request information in an active transmission manner.

[0175] In some embodiments, the target access response information is sent via backscattering, or the target access response information is sent via backscattering and active transmission.

[0176] Optionally, when the second device supports backscatter communication, or when the second device supports backscatter communication and active transmission communication, the target access response information may be sent in a backscatter manner.

[0177] Optionally, in a case where the second device supports backscatter communication and active transmission communication, the target access response information is sent in a backscatter manner and an active transmission manner.

[0178] In some embodiments, the target access response information may be sent in a backscattering manner and an active transmission manner and may include:

[0179] Different parts (or different bits) of the target access response information are sent in a backscattering manner and an active transmission manner respectively.

[0180] For example, the first part of the target access response information is sent in a backscattering manner, and the second part is sent in an active reflection manner.

[0181] In other embodiments, the target access response information may also be sent through active transmission.

[0182] For example, in a case where the second device supports active transmission communication, the second device may send the target access response information in an active transmission manner.

[0183] In summary, the target access request information and the target access response information may be sent in the following manners.

[0184] For case 1:

[0185] Mode 1: The target access request information may be sent via backscattering, or the target access request information may be sent via backscattering and active transmission, and the target access response information may be sent via active transmission.

[0186] For case 2:

[0187] Mode 2: The target access request information may be sent in an active transmission mode, and the target access response information may be sent in a backscattering mode, or the target access response information may be sent in a backscattering mode and an active transmission mode.

[0188] For case 3:

[0189] Method 3-1: The target access request information may be sent via backscattering, or the target access request information may be sent via backscattering and active transmission; the target access response information may be sent via backscattering, or the target access response information may be sent via backscattering and active transmission.

[0190] Mode 3-2: The target access request information may be sent via backscattering, or the target access request information may be sent via backscattering and active transmission; the target access response information may be sent via active transmission.

[0191] Mode 3-3: The target access request information may be sent via active transmission; the target access response information may be sent via backscattering, or the target access response information may be sent via backscattering and active transmission.

[0192] Therefore, in the embodiments of the present application, if the access requesting device supports backscatter communication, the access requesting device at least uses backscatter to send the access request information. Compared to NFC proximity authentication, this method offers the advantage of longer-range communication. Compared to QR code scanning authentication, it offers the advantage of ease of operation. If the access authentication device supports backscatter communication, the access authentication device at least uses backscatter to send the access response information. This allows the access requesting device to rejoin the network if the access authentication device loses power, using the backscatter communication module of the access authentication device.

[0193] In some embodiments, the target access response information may be sent in a specific frequency band.

[0194] Optionally, the specific frequency band may be a frequency band used for backscatter communication, or a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication, or an operating frequency band of the first device.

[0195] It should be understood that in an embodiment of the present application, the target access request information may include part or all of the information sent by the access request device to the access authentication device during the access authentication process, and the target access response information may include part or all of the information sent by the access authentication device to the access request device during the access authentication process. This application does not limit this.

[0196] In some embodiments, the target access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0197] First access request information, used to request access to the second device;

[0198] The second access request information is used to respond to the inquiry information of the second device, and the inquiry information is the response information of the first access request information.

[0199] In some embodiments, the first access request information and the second access request information are sent using the same sending method.

[0200] For example, when the first device only supports backscatter communication, the first access request information and the second access request information are both sent in a backscatter manner.

[0201] For example, when the first device supports backscatter communication and active transmission communication, the first access request information and the second access request information are both sent via backscatter, or via backscatter and active transmission.

[0202] For example, in a case where the first device only supports active transmission communication, the first access request information and the second access request information are both sent in an active transmission manner.

[0203] In some embodiments, the first access request information and the second access request information are sent through different sending methods.

[0204] For example, when the first device supports backscatter communication and active transmission communication, the first access request information and the second access request information may be sent in the following three ways:

[0205] 1. One of the first access request information and the second access request information is sent via backscattering, and the other is sent via active transmission;

[0206] 2. One of the first access request information and the second access request information is sent via backscattering, and the other is sent via active transmission and backscattering;

[0207] 3. One of the first access request information and the second access request information is sent in an active transmission manner, and the other is sent in an active transmission manner and a backscattering manner.

[0208] In some embodiments, the target access response information includes at least one of the following:

[0209] query information of the second device;

[0210] Access authentication result information.

[0211] In some embodiments, the query information and access authentication result information of the second device are sent in the same sending manner.

[0212] For example, in a case where the second device only supports backscatter communication, the query information and access authentication result information of the second device are both sent via backscatter.

[0213] For example, when the second device supports backscatter communication and active transmission communication, the query information and access authentication result information of the second device are both sent via backscatter, or via backscatter and active transmission.

[0214] For example, in a case where the second device only supports active transmission communication, the query information and access authentication result information of the second device are both sent in an active transmission manner.

[0215] In some embodiments, the query information and access authentication result information of the second device are sent through different sending methods.

[0216] For example, when the second device supports backscatter communication and active transmission communication, the second device may send the query information and access authentication result information in the following three ways:

[0217] 1. One of the query information and the access authentication result information of the second device is sent via backscattering, and the other is sent via active transmission;

[0218] 2. One of the query information and the access authentication result information of the second device is sent via backscattering, and the other is sent via active transmission and backscattering;

[0219] 3. One of the inquiry information and the access authentication result information of the second device is sent in an active transmission manner, and the other is sent in an active transmission manner and a backscattering manner.

[0220] In some embodiments, the first access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0221] Identification information (ID) of the first device, and service information (such as service type, service priority, etc.) requested to be transmitted by the first device.

[0222] In some embodiments, the first access request information may be sent via a signal in the 3GPP standard, or may be sent via a WIFI signal, a Bluetooth signal, etc., which is not limited in this application.

[0223] Optionally, when the first access request information is sent in a backscattering manner, the first device may use a signal in the 3GPP standard, or a WIFI signal or a Bluetooth signal as a carrier signal for backscattering.

[0224] In some embodiments, the first access request information is sent in a first frequency band.

[0225] Optionally, the first frequency band is a public frequency band.

[0226] Optionally, the first frequency band is a specific frequency band, for example, a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication, or an operating frequency band of the first device.

[0227] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the second device is also called challenge information, pre-admission information, admission information, and authorization information.

[0228] In some embodiments, the query information of the second device includes at least one of the following:

[0229] Identification information (ID) of the second device, an inquiry code (or challenge code), and available access frequency band information.

[0230] In some embodiments, the interrogation code may be represented by a specific frequency band or a specific signal.

[0231] In some embodiments, the interrogation code may be a specific pseudo-random sequence or a pilot signal.

[0232] In some embodiments, the challenge code can be key-related information, such as an asymmetric key or a symmetric key, or key verification information. Alternatively, the key can be a fixed key, a dynamic key, or third-party authorization information.

[0233] In some embodiments, the available access frequency band information may be used to indicate a frequency band that can be used to transmit the requested service.

[0234] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the second device is sent via a specific signal, and the specific signal can be used as a carrier signal of the second access request information.

[0235] That is, the second device can send a specific signal to the first device, which is used to carry the inquiry information of the second device. At the same time, the specific signal is also used as a carrier signal of the second access request information. That is, the first device can backscatter the specific signal to send the second access request information.

[0236] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the second device is sent in a broadcast, multicast or unicast manner.

[0237] For example, in the case where a large number of devices request access, the second device may send inquiry information in a broadcast or multicast manner.

[0238] For another example, when a small number of devices request access, the second device may send the inquiry information in a unicast or multicast manner.

[0239] In some embodiments, when multiple devices request access, the multiple devices can be multi-access, for example, frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), or code-division multiplexing (CDM), which is not limited in this application.

[0240] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the second device is sent in the second frequency band.

[0241] Optionally, the second frequency band is a public frequency band, or an arbitrary frequency band.

[0242] Optionally, the second frequency band is a specific frequency band, for example, a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication, an available access frequency band, or an operating frequency band of the first device.

[0243] In some embodiments, the second access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0244] The identification information of the first device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device (such as service type, service priority, etc.), key-related information determined according to the inquiry information of the second device, and the identification information (ID) of the second device.

[0245] Optionally, the key-related information determined according to the query information of the second device may refer to:

[0246] A key or key verification information obtained from a query message from the second device, or

[0247] The key or key verification information decrypted according to the query information of the second device.

[0248] In some embodiments, the second access request information is sent in a third frequency band.

[0249] Optionally, the third frequency band is a specific frequency band, for example, a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication, an available access frequency band, or an operating frequency band of the first device.

[0250] In some embodiments, the inquiry message of the second device and the second access request message are sent on different frequency bands, or are sent on the same frequency band, that is, the second frequency band and the third frequency band may be the same or different.

[0251] In some embodiments, the access authentication result information is sent on a fourth frequency band.

[0252] Optionally, the fourth frequency band is a specific frequency band, for example, a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication, an available access frequency band, or an operating frequency band of the first device.

[0253] In some embodiments, the access authentication result information may be used to indicate access completion. Optionally, it may also be used to indicate the permitted (or available) frequency band and / or the occupation duration of the available frequency band.

[0254] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the frequency band can also be replaced by a frequency channel, a channel, a carrier, etc.

[0255] It should be noted that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the configuration method of the dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication. For example, a first frequency band and a second frequency band can be configured, wherein the first frequency band is used to send uplink signals using the backscatter method, and the second frequency band is used to send downlink signals using the backscatter method. Optionally, the first frequency band can be a supplementary uplink (SUL) frequency band, and the second frequency band can be a supplementary downlink (SDL) frequency band. Alternatively, corresponding frequency bands for backscatter communication can be configured according to different multiple access modes or duplex modes, for example, a backscatter communication frequency band corresponding to the FDD mode, a backscatter communication frequency band corresponding to the TDD mode, or a backscatter communication frequency band corresponding to the full duplex mode, etc. Below, the access authentication method according to the embodiment of the present application is described in combination with the above-mentioned case 1, case 2 and case 3.

[0256] FIG9 is a schematic interaction diagram of an access authentication method according to an embodiment of the present application. In the example of FIG9 , the second device supports backscatter communication, while the first device does not support backscatter communication, which corresponds to the aforementioned situation 2.

[0257] Optionally, in this example, the operating frequency band of the first device may include channel a, channel b, and channel c, and the operating frequency band of the second device may include channel a, channel b, and channel c.

[0258] As shown in FIG9 , the following steps may be included:

[0259] S301: A first device sends a first access request message to a second device.

[0260] Optionally, the first device may send the first access request information on a public channel (eg, channel a).

[0261] Optionally, the first access request information may be considered as a trigger signal for access authentication.

[0262] Optionally, the first access request information may be used to trigger the second device to send access feedback information.

[0263] Optionally, the first access request information may be sent via a WIFI signal, or via a Bluetooth signal, or via a signal in the 3GPP standard, which is not limited in this application.

[0264] Optionally, the first access request information is sent based on a first connection between the first device and the second device.

[0265] Optionally, the first connection may be a WIFI connection, a Bluetooth connection, or a connection in the 3GPP standard.

[0266] Optionally, after the access authentication succeeds, a second connection is established between the first device and the second device, wherein the first connection and the second connection may be the same or different.

[0267] S302: The second device sends inquiry information via backscattering.

[0268] For example, after receiving the first access request information, the second device may interpret the first access request information to learn the access request of the first device. Furthermore, the query information may be sent in a backscattering manner.

[0269] Optionally, the inquiry message is sent on channel b. For example, if channel a is occupied, channel b is used to send the inquiry message.

[0270] Optionally, the inquiry information may also be sent on channel a.

[0271] Optionally, the inquiry information may include identification information of the second device, key-related information, available channel information (eg, including channel c), etc.

[0272] S303: The first device sends a second access request message.

[0273] Specifically, after receiving the access feedback information of the second device, the first device makes a second access request to the first device.

[0274] Optionally, the second access request information is sent on channel c.

[0275] Optionally, the second access request information may be sent via a WIFI signal, or via a Bluetooth signal, or via a signal in the 3GPP standard, which is not limited in this application.

[0276] Optionally, the second access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0277] The identification information of the first device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device, key-related information, and the identification information of the second device.

[0278] S304: The second device sends access authentication result information.

[0279] Optionally, the access authentication result information may be sent on channel c.

[0280] Optionally, the access authentication result information may also be sent on channel X, where channel X belongs to a working frequency band of the first device and the second device.

[0281] Optionally, the second device may perform access authentication on the first device according to information in the second access request information, and further feed back an access authentication result.

[0282] Furthermore, the first device and the second device may perform service transmission on channel c.

[0283] FIG10 is a schematic interaction diagram of another access authentication method according to an embodiment of the present application. In the example of FIG10 , the second device supports backscatter communication, while the first device does not support backscatter communication, which corresponds to the aforementioned situation 2.

[0284] Optionally, in this example, the operating frequency band of the first device may include channel d, and the operating frequency band of the second device may include channel d.

[0285] As shown in FIG10 , the following steps may be included:

[0286] S311: The first device sends first access request information to the second device.

[0287] Optionally, the first device may send the first access request information on a specific channel (eg, channel d).

[0288] Alternatively, the specific channel d may be a dedicated channel for backscatter communication.

[0289] Optionally, the first access request information may be considered as a trigger signal for access authentication.

[0290] Optionally, the first access request information may be used to trigger the second device to send access feedback information.

[0291] Optionally, the first access request information may be sent via a WIFI signal, or via a Bluetooth signal, or via a signal in the 3GPP standard, which is not limited in this application.

[0292] Optionally, the first access request information is sent based on a first connection between the first device and the second device.

[0293] Optionally, the first connection may be a WIFI connection, a Bluetooth connection, or a connection in the 3GPP standard.

[0294] Optionally, after the access authentication succeeds, a second connection is established between the first device and the second device, wherein the first connection and the second connection may be the same or different.

[0295] S312: The second device sends inquiry information via backscattering.

[0296] For example, after receiving the first access request information, the second device may interpret the first access request information to learn the access request of the first device. Furthermore, the query information may be sent in a backscattering manner.

[0297] Optionally, the inquiry message is sent on channel d.

[0298] Optionally, the inquiry information may include identification information of the second device, key-related information, available channel information (eg, channel d), etc.

[0299] S313: The first device sends a second access request message.

[0300] Specifically, after receiving the access feedback information of the second device, the first device makes a second access request to the first device.

[0301] Optionally, the second access request information is sent on channel d.

[0302] Optionally, the second access request information may be sent via a WIFI signal, or via a Bluetooth signal, or via a signal in the 3GPP standard, which is not limited in this application.

[0303] Optionally, the second access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0304] The identification information of the first device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device, key-related information, and the identification information of the second device.

[0305] S314: The second device sends access authentication result information.

[0306] Optionally, the access authentication result information may be sent on frequency band d.

[0307] Optionally, the second device may perform access authentication on the first device according to information in the second access request information, and further feed back an access authentication result.

[0308] Furthermore, the first device and the second device may perform service transmission on channel d.

[0309] It should be understood that Figures 9 and 10 only illustrate the example of the inquiry information of the second device being sent via backscattering. In other embodiments, the access authentication result information may also be sent via backscattering, or the inquiry information is sent via active transmission and the access authentication result information is sent via backscattering, or the above-mentioned backscattering may also be replaced by backscattering and active transmission.

[0310] FIG11 is a schematic interaction diagram of another access authentication method according to an embodiment of the present application. In the example of FIG11 , the first device supports backscatter communication, while the second device does not support backscatter communication, which corresponds to the aforementioned situation 1.

[0311] Optionally, in this example, the operating frequency band of the first device may include channel e, channel f, and channel g, and the operating frequency band of the second device may include channel e, channel f, and channel g.

[0312] As shown in FIG11 , the following steps may be included:

[0313] S321: The first device sends first access request information to the second device.

[0314] Optionally, the first access request information may be sent on channel e.

[0315] Optionally, the first access request information may be considered as a trigger signal for access authentication.

[0316] Optionally, the first access request information may be used to trigger the second device to send access feedback information.

[0317] Optionally, the first access request information may be sent via a WIFI signal, or via a Bluetooth signal, or via a signal in the 3GPP standard, which is not limited in this application.

[0318] Optionally, the first access request information is sent based on a first connection between the first device and the second device.

[0319] Optionally, the first connection may be a WIFI connection, a Bluetooth connection, or a connection in the 3GPP standard.

[0320] Optionally, after the access authentication succeeds, a second connection is established between the first device and the second device, wherein the first connection and the second connection may be the same or different.

[0321] S322: The second device sends an inquiry message.

[0322] Specifically, after receiving the first access request information, the second device may interpret the first access request information to learn the access request of the first device and further send a query message.

[0323] Optionally, the inquiry message is sent on a specific channel.

[0324] Optionally, the inquiry message is sent on channel f.

[0325] Optionally, the inquiry information may include identification information of the second device, key-related information, available channel information (such as channel g and channel e), etc.

[0326] Optionally, the inquiry information may be sent via broadcast or multicast.

[0327] For example, when a large number of devices request access, the second device broadcasts or multicasts access authorization information (such as key information) on a specific channel, or sends a specific signal to instruct the device requesting access to query.

[0328] Optionally, the specific channel may be a working channel of the first device, or a dedicated channel for backscatter communication.

[0329] S323: The first device sends a second access request message.

[0330] For example, after receiving feedback information from the second device or receiving a specific signal on a specific frequency band, the first device sends the second access request information by backscattering.

[0331] Optionally, the second access request information may be sent by backscattering using the signal in step S322 as a carrier signal, which is not limited in this application.

[0332] Optionally, the second access request information may be sent on channel f.

[0333] Optionally, the second access request information may also be sent on channel e.

[0334] Optionally, the second access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0335] The identification information of the first device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device, key-related information, and the identification information of the second device.

[0336] S324: The second device sends access authentication result information.

[0337] Optionally, after receiving the second access request information of the first device, the second device may add the identification information of the first device to a whitelist, and the device corresponding to the identification information performs password-free access or access in a whitelist manner, and further feeds back the access authentication result.

[0338] Optionally, the access authentication result information may be sent on frequency band g or channel e or channel f.

[0339] Furthermore, the first device and the second device may perform service transmission on channel g or channel e.

[0340] It should be understood that Figure 11 only uses the example of the second access request information being sent via backscattering. In other embodiments, the first access request information may also be sent via backscattering, or the second access request information is sent via active transmission, and the first access request information is sent via backscattering, or the above-mentioned backscattering may also be replaced by backscattering and active transmission.

[0341] FIG12 is a schematic interaction diagram of another access authentication method according to an embodiment of the present application. In the example of FIG12 , both the first device and the second device support backscatter communication, which corresponds to the aforementioned situation 3.

[0342] Optionally, in this example, the operating frequency band of the first device may include channel h, channel i, and channel j, and the operating frequency band of the second device may include channel h, channel i, and channel j.

[0343] As shown in FIG12 , the following steps may be included:

[0344] S331: The first device sends first access request information to the second device.

[0345] Optionally, the first device may send the first access request information on channel h.

[0346] Alternatively, the channel h may be a dedicated channel for backscatter communication.

[0347] Optionally, the first access request information may be considered as a trigger signal for access authentication.

[0348] Optionally, the first access request information may be used to trigger the second device to send access feedback information.

[0349] Optionally, the first access request information may be sent via a WIFI signal, or via a Bluetooth signal, or via a signal in the 3GPP standard, which is not limited in this application.

[0350] Optionally, the first access request information is sent based on a first connection between the first device and the second device.

[0351] Optionally, the first connection may be a WIFI connection, a Bluetooth connection, or a connection in the 3GPP standard.

[0352] Optionally, after the access authentication succeeds, a second connection is established between the first device and the second device, wherein the first connection and the second connection may be the same or different.

[0353] S332: The second device sends an inquiry message.

[0354] For example, after receiving the first access request information, the second device can interpret the first access request information to learn about the access request of the first device. Furthermore, the query information can be sent via backscatter. For example, the query information can be sent by using the signal in S331 as a carrier signal for backscattering.

[0355] Optionally, the inquiry message is sent on a specific channel (eg, channel i).

[0356] Optionally, the channel i may be a dedicated channel for backscatter communication.

[0357] Optionally, channel h and channel i may be the same.

[0358] Optionally, the inquiry information may include identification information of the second device, key-related information, available channel information (such as channel i and frequency band j), etc.

[0359] Optionally, the inquiry information may be sent via broadcast or multicast.

[0360] For example, when a large number of devices request access, the second device broadcasts or multicasts access authorization information (such as key information) on a specific channel, or sends a specific signal to instruct the device requesting access to query.

[0361] S333: The first device sends a second access request message.

[0362] For example, after receiving feedback information from the second device or receiving a specific signal on a specific frequency band, the first device sends the second access request information by backscattering.

[0363] Optionally, the second access request information may be sent using the signal in step S322 as a carrier signal, which is not limited in this application.

[0364] Optionally, the second access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0365] The identification information of the first device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device, key-related information, and the identification information of the second device.

[0366] Optionally, the second access request information is sent on channel i.

[0367] S334: The second device sends access authentication result information.

[0368] Optionally, after receiving the second access request from the first device, the second device may add the identification information of the first device to a whitelist. The device corresponding to the identification information then accesses the device without a password or in a whitelist manner. The access authentication result is further fed back. Optionally, the access authentication result information may be sent on frequency band j. Optionally, channel j may be an available access channel.

[0369] Optionally, the access authentication result information may be sent on frequency band i. Optionally, the frequency band i may be a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

[0370] Optionally, the access authentication result information may be sent on frequency band h. Optionally, the frequency band h may be a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication. Furthermore, the first device and the second device may perform service transmission on frequency band i or frequency band j.

[0371] It should be understood that Figure 12 only uses the example of the inquiry information and the second access request information of the second device being sent via backscattering. In other embodiments, the first access request information and / or the access authentication result information may also be sent via backscattering, or the inquiry information and the second access request information of the second device are sent via active transmission, and the first access request information and the access authentication result information are sent via backscattering, or the above-mentioned backscattering may also be replaced by backscattering and active transmission.

[0372] In summary, in the application embodiment, in access authentication, the device that supports backscatter communication can use backscattering to send access authentication related information (such as the aforementioned target access request information, target access response information). Compared with NFC proximity authentication, it has the advantage of longer-distance communication. Compared with QR code scanning authentication, it does not require a dynamic password and has the advantage of convenient operation.

[0373] In some scenarios, an access authentication device that supports backscatter communication can send access authentication related information to an access request device through a backscatter communication module when power is off, thereby assisting the access request device in rejoining the network.

[0374] In some implementations, the device to be accessed may send information required for access verification, such as ID information, service information, and / or available channel information, through a specific channel.

[0375] In some implementations, the access request information (e.g., the aforementioned first access request information, the second access request information) may be sent on a common access channel (i.e., a dedicated channel for non-backscatter communication), or may be sent on a dedicated channel for backscatter communication.

[0376] In some implementations, the access request information (such as the aforementioned first access request information and the second access request information) can be sent through active transmission, or can be sent through backscattering, or can be sent through backscattering and active transmission.

[0377] In some implementations, access response information (eg, inquiry information or access authentication result information) may be sent on a dedicated channel for backscatter communication, or may be sent on other available access channels.

[0378] In some implementations, access response information (eg, inquiry information or access authentication result information) may be sent via active transmission, or via backscattering, or via both backscattering and active transmission.

[0379] The above text, in combination with Figures 8 to 12, describes in detail the method embodiment of the present application. The following text, in combination with Figures 13 to 17, describes in detail the device embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the device embodiment and the method embodiment correspond to each other, and similar descriptions can refer to the method embodiment.

[0380] FIG13 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 400 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG13 , the communication device 400 includes:

[0381] The communication unit 410 is used to send target access request information to the second device, wherein the target access request information is sent via backscattering, or the target access request information is sent via backscattering and active transmission, and the target access request information is used for the communication device to access the second device.

[0382] In some embodiments, the target access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0383] First access request information, used to request access to the second device;

[0384] The second access request information is used to respond to the inquiry information of the second device, and the inquiry information is the response information of the first access request information.

[0385] In some embodiments, the first access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0386] The identification information of the communication device, and the service information requested to be transmitted by the communication device.

[0387] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the second device includes at least one of the following: identification information of the second device, key-related information, and available access frequency band information.

[0388] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the second device is sent in a broadcast, multicast or unicast manner.

[0389] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the second device is sent via a specific signal, and the specific signal serves as a carrier signal of the second access request information.

[0390] In some embodiments, the second access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0391] The identification information of the communication device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the communication device, the key-related information determined according to the inquiry information of the second device, and the identification information of the second device.

[0392] In some embodiments, the first access request information is sent in a first frequency band; and / or

[0393] The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a second frequency band; and / or

[0394] The second access request information is sent in a third frequency band.

[0395] In some embodiments, the first frequency band is a public frequency band; or

[0396] The first frequency band is an operating frequency band of the first device; or

[0397] The first frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

[0398] In some embodiments, the second frequency band is an operating frequency band of the first device; or

[0399] The second frequency band is an available access frequency band, or,

[0400] The second frequency band is an arbitrary frequency band.

[0401] In some embodiments, the third frequency band is an available access frequency band; or

[0402] The third frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

[0403] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the second device is sent by active transmission; or

[0404] The inquiry information of the second device is sent by backscattering; or

[0405] The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a backscattering manner and an active transmission manner.

[0406] In some embodiments, the communication unit 410 is further configured to receive access authentication result information sent by the second device.

[0407] In some embodiments, the access authentication result information is sent on a fourth frequency band, which is an available access frequency band or a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

[0408] In some embodiments, the access authentication result information is sent by active transmission; or

[0409] The access authentication result information is sent via backscatter; or

[0410] The access authentication result information is sent through backscattering and active transmission.

[0411] In some embodiments, the communication device includes a backscatter transmitter, and the backscatter transmitter is used to send signals using a backscattering method.

[0412] In some embodiments, the communication device includes a backscatter transmitter and a main transmitter, the backscatter transmitter is used to transmit signals in a backscattering manner, and the main transmitter is used to transmit signals in an active transmission manner.

[0413] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the communication unit may be a communication interface or a transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or a system on chip. The processing unit may be one or more processors.

[0414] It should be understood that the communication device 400 according to the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the first device in the method embodiment of the present application, and the above-mentioned and other operations and / or functions of each unit in the communication device 400 are respectively for implementing the corresponding processes of the first device in the method embodiment shown in Figures 8 to 12. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0415] FIG14 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 500 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG14 , the communication device 500 includes:

[0416] The communication unit 510 is used to send target access response information to the first device, wherein the target access response information is sent via backscattering, or the access response information is sent via backscattering and active transmission, and the target access response information is response information of the target access request signal, and the target access request information is used for the first device to access the communication device.

[0417] In some embodiments, the target access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0418] First access request information, used to request access to the communication device;

[0419] The second access request information is used to respond to the inquiry information of the communication device, and the inquiry information is the response information of the first access request information.

[0420] In some embodiments, the target access response information includes at least one of the following:

[0421] query information of the communication device;

[0422] Access authentication result information.

[0423] In some embodiments, the first access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0424] The identification information of the first device, and the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device.

[0425] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the communication device includes at least one of the following: identification information of the communication device, key-related information, and available access frequency band information.

[0426] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the communication device is sent in a broadcast, multicast or unicast manner.

[0427] In some embodiments, the inquiry information of the communication device is sent via a specific signal, and the specific signal is used as a carrier signal of the second access request information.

[0428] In some embodiments, the second access request information includes at least one of the following:

[0429] The identification information of the first device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device, the key-related information determined according to the inquiry information of the communication device, and the identification information of the communication device.

[0430] In some embodiments, the first access request information is sent by active transmission; or

[0431] The first access request information is sent via backscatter; or

[0432] The first access request information is sent through backscattering and active transmission.

[0433] In some embodiments, the second access request information is sent by active transmission; or

[0434] The second access request information is sent via backscatter; or

[0435] The second access request information is sent in a backscattering manner and an active transmission manner.

[0436] In some embodiments, the first access request information is sent in a first frequency band; and / or

[0437] The inquiry information of the communication device is sent in the second frequency band; and / or

[0438] The second access request information is sent in a third frequency band; and / or

[0439] The access authentication result information is sent on the fourth frequency band.

[0440] In some embodiments, the first frequency band is a public frequency band; or

[0441] The first frequency band is an operating frequency band of the first device; or

[0442] The first frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

[0443] In some embodiments, the second frequency band is an operating frequency band of the first device; or

[0444] The second frequency band is an available access frequency band, or,

[0445] The second frequency band is an arbitrary frequency band.

[0446] In some embodiments, the third frequency band is an available access frequency band; or

[0447] The third frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

[0448] In some embodiments, the fourth frequency band is an available access frequency band, or a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

[0449] In some embodiments, the communication device includes a backscatter transmitter, and the backscatter transmitter is used to send signals using a backscattering method.

[0450] In some embodiments, the communication device includes a backscatter transmitter and a primary transmitter, wherein the backscatter transmitter is configured to transmit signals using a backscattering method, and the primary transmitter is configured to transmit signals using an active transmission method. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the communication unit may be a communication interface or transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or system-on-chip. The processing unit may be one or more processors.

[0451] It should be understood that the communication device 500 according to the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the second device in the method embodiment of the present application, and the above-mentioned and other operations and / or functions of each unit in the communication device 500 are respectively for implementing the corresponding processes of the second device in the method embodiment shown in Figures 8 to 12. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0452] Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 600 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 600 shown in Figure 15 includes a processor 610, which can call and run a computer program from a memory to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0453] Optionally, as shown in FIG15 , the communication device 600 may further include a memory 620. The processor 610 may call and execute a computer program from the memory 620 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0454] The memory 620 may be a separate device independent of the processor 610 , or may be integrated into the processor 610 .

[0455] Optionally, as shown in FIG15 , the communication device 600 may further include a transceiver 630 , and the processor 610 may control the transceiver 630 to communicate with other devices, specifically, to send information or data to other devices, or to receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0456] The transceiver 630 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 630 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0457] Optionally, the communication device 600 may specifically be the first device of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 600 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0458] Optionally, the communication device 600 may specifically be the second device of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 600 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0459] Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application. The chip 700 shown in Figure 16 includes a processor 710, which can call and run a computer program from a memory to implement the method according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0460] Optionally, as shown in FIG16 , the chip 700 may further include a memory 720 , wherein the processor 710 may call and execute a computer program from the memory 720 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0461] The memory 720 may be a separate device independent of the processor 710 , or may be integrated into the processor 710 .

[0462] Optionally, the chip 700 may further include an input interface 730. The processor 710 may control the input interface 730 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, may obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips.

[0463] Optionally, the chip 700 may further include an output interface 740. The processor 710 may control the output interface 740 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, may output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0464] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the first device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0465] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in each method of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0466] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0467] FIG17 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 900 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG17 , the communication system 900 includes a first device 910 and a second device 920 .

[0468] Among them, the first device 910 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the first device in the above method, and the second device 920 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the second device in the above method. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0469] It should be understood that the processor of the embodiments of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method embodiment can be completed by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor or software instructions. The above processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can be located in a storage medium mature in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0470] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0471] It should be understood that the above-mentioned memories are exemplary but not restrictive. For example, the memories in the embodiments of the present application may also be static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM RAM (DR RAM), etc. In other words, the memories in the embodiments of the present application are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0472] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program.

[0473] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the first device in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0474] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0475] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions.

[0476] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the first device in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program instructions enable the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0477] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program instructions enable the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0478] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program.

[0479] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the first device in the embodiment of the present application. When the computer program runs on the computer, the computer executes the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0480] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program runs on the computer, the computer executes the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0481] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0482] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0483] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0484] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0485] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0486] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0487] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for access authentication, characterized in that: include: The first device sends target access request information to the second device, wherein the target access request information is sent through backscattering, or the target access request information is sent through backscattering and active transmission, and the target access request information is used for the first device to access the second device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The target access request information includes at least one of the following: First access request information, used to request access to the second device; The second access request information is used to respond to the inquiry information of the second device, and the inquiry information is the response information of the first access request information.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The first access request information includes at least one of the following: The identification information of the first device, and the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The inquiry information of the second device includes at least one of the following: identification information of the second device, key-related information, and available access frequency band information.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a broadcast, multicast or unicast manner.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that The inquiry information of the second device is sent through a specific signal, and the specific signal is used as a carrier signal of the second access request information.

7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that The second access request information includes at least one of the following: The identification information of the first device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device, the key-related information determined according to the query information of the second device, and the identification information of the second device.

8. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that The first access request information is sent in a first frequency band; and / or The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a second frequency band; and / or The second access request information is sent in a third frequency band.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The first frequency band is a public frequency band; or The first frequency band is an operating frequency band of the first device; or The first frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that The second frequency band is the operating frequency band of the first device; or The second frequency band is an available access frequency band, or, The second frequency band is an arbitrary frequency band.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that The third frequency band is an available access frequency band; or The third frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

12. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that The inquiry information of the second device is sent by active transmission; or The inquiry information of the second device is sent by backscattering; or The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a backscattering manner and an active transmission manner.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that The method further comprises: The first device receives access authentication result information sent by the second device.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The access authentication result information is sent on a fourth frequency band, which is an available access frequency band or a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that The access authentication result information is sent by active transmission; or The access authentication result information is sent via backscatter; or The access authentication result information is sent through backscattering and active transmission.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that The first device includes a backscatter transmitter, and the backscatter transmitter is used to send signals in a backscattering manner.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that The first device includes a backscatter transmitter and a main transmitter. The backscatter transmitter is used to send signals in a backscattering manner, and the main transmitter is used to send signals in an active transmission manner.

18. A method for access authentication, characterized in that: include: The second device sends target access response information to the first device, wherein the target access response information is sent via backscattering, or the access response information is sent via backscattering and active transmission, and the target access response information is response information of a target access request signal, and the target access request information is used for the first device to access the second device.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The target access request information includes at least one of the following: First access request information, used to request access to the second device; The second access request information is used to respond to the inquiry information of the second device, and the inquiry information is the response information of the first access request information.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein The target access response information includes at least one of the following: query information of the second device; Access authentication result information.

21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that The first access request information includes at least one of the following: The identification information of the first device, and the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device.

22. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that The inquiry information of the second device includes at least one of the following: identification information of the second device, key-related information, and available access frequency band information.

23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a broadcast, multicast or unicast manner.

24. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein: The inquiry information of the second device is sent through a specific signal, and the specific signal is used as a carrier signal of the second access request information.

25. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that The second access request information includes at least one of the following: The identification information of the first device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the first device, the key-related information determined according to the query information of the second device, and the identification information of the second device.

26. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that The first access request information is sent by active transmission; or The first access request information is sent via backscatter; or The first access request information is sent through backscattering and active transmission.

27. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that The second access request information is sent by active transmission; or The second access request information is sent via backscatter; or The second access request information is sent in a backscattering manner and an active transmission manner.

28. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 27, characterized in that The first access request information is sent in a first frequency band; and / or The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a second frequency band; and / or The second access request information is sent in a third frequency band; and / or The access authentication result information is sent on the fourth frequency band.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that The first frequency band is a public frequency band; or The first frequency band is an operating frequency band of the first device; or The first frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

30. The method according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that The second frequency band is the operating frequency band of the first device; or The second frequency band is an available access frequency band, or, The second frequency band is an arbitrary frequency band.

31. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that The third frequency band is an available access frequency band; or The third frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

32. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that The fourth frequency band is an available access frequency band, or a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

33. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 32, characterized in that The second device includes a backscatter transmitter, and the backscatter transmitter is used to send signals in a backscatter manner.

34. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 32, wherein: The second device includes a backscatter transmitter and a main transmitter. The backscatter transmitter is used to send signals in a backscattering manner, and the main transmitter is used to send signals in an active transmission manner.

35. A communication device, characterized in that: include: A communication unit is used to send target access request information to the second device, wherein the target access request information is sent via backscattering, or the target access request information is sent via backscattering and active transmission, and the target access request information is used for the communication device to access the second device.

36. The communication device according to claim 35, characterized in that The target access request information includes at least one of the following: First access request information, used to request access to the second device; The second access request information is used to respond to the inquiry information of the second device, and the inquiry information is the response information of the first access request information.

37. The communication device according to claim 36, wherein: The first access request information includes at least one of the following: The identification information of the communication device, and the service information requested to be transmitted by the communication device.

38. The communication device according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that The inquiry information of the second device includes at least one of the following: identification information of the second device, key-related information, and available access frequency band information.

39. The communication device according to any one of claims 36 to 38, characterized in that The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a broadcast, multicast or unicast manner.

40. The communication device according to any one of claims 36 to 39, characterized in that: The inquiry information of the second device is sent through a specific signal, and the specific signal is used as a carrier signal of the second access request information.

41. The communication device according to any one of claims 36 to 40, characterized in that: The second access request information includes at least one of the following: The identification information of the communication device, the service information requested to be transmitted by the communication device, the key-related information determined according to the inquiry information of the second device, and the identification information of the second device.

42. The communication device according to any one of claims 36 to 41, characterized in that The first access request information is sent in a first frequency band; and / or The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a second frequency band; and / or The second access request information is sent in a third frequency band.

43. The communication device according to claim 42, characterized in that The first frequency band is a public frequency band; or The first frequency band is an operating frequency band of the communication device; or The first frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

44. The communication device according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that The second frequency band is an operating frequency band of the communication device; or The second frequency band is an available access frequency band, or, The second frequency band is an arbitrary frequency band.

45. The communication device according to any one of claims 42 to 44, characterized in that The third frequency band is an available access frequency band; or The third frequency band is a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

46. ​​The communication device according to any one of claims 36 to 45, characterized in that The inquiry information of the second device is sent by active transmission; or The inquiry information of the second device is sent by backscattering; or The inquiry information of the second device is sent in a backscattering manner and an active transmission manner.

47. The communication device according to any one of claims 35 to 46, characterized in that The communication unit is further configured to: Receive access authentication result information sent by the second device.

48. The communication device according to claim 47, characterized in that The access authentication result information is sent on a fourth frequency band, which is an available access frequency band or a dedicated frequency band for backscatter communication.

49. The communication device according to claim 47 or 48, characterized in that The access authentication result information is sent by active transmission; or The access authentication result information is sent via backscatter; or The access authentication result information is sent through backscattering and active transmission.

50. The communication device according to any one of claims 35 to 49, characterized in that The communication device includes a backscatter transmitter, which is used to send signals in a backscatter manner.

51. The communication device according to any one of claims 35 to 49, characterized in that The communication device includes a backscatter transmitter and a main transmitter. The backscatter transmitter is used to transmit signals in a backscattering manner, and the main transmitter is used to transmit signals in an active transmission manner.

52. A communication device, characterized in that include: A communication unit, configured to send target access response information to a first device, wherein the target access response information is sent via backscattering, or the access response information is sent via backscattering and active transmission, the target access response information is response information to a target access request signal, and the target access request information is used for the first device to access the communication device.

53. A communication device, characterized in that include: A processor, a transceiver, and a memory, the memory being used to store a computer program, the transceiver being used to communicate with other devices, and the processor being used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory so that the communication device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

54. A communication device, characterized in that include: A processor, a transceiver and a memory, the memory being used to store a computer program, the transceiver being used to communicate with other devices, and the processor being used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory to control the communication device to execute the method as described in any one of claims 18 to 34.

55. A chip, characterized in that: include: A processor, configured to call and execute a computer program from a memory, so that a device equipped with the chip executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, or the method according to any one of claims 18 to 34.

56. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that Used to store a computer program, the computer program causing a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, or the method according to any one of claims 18 to 34.

57. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises computer program instructions which cause a computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17 or the method according to any one of claims 18 to 34.

58. A computer program, characterized in that The computer program causes a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17 or the method according to any one of claims 18 to 34.

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