Method for green and sustainable weed control under tree disks of citrus orchard and capable of improving utilization rate of fertilizer and water

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for green and sustainable weed control under tree disks of a citrus orchard for improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and water, which comprises the following steps: firstly, arranging water and fertilizer main hair pipelines along citrus planting rows, vertically inserting a plurality of water and fertilizer branch hair pipelines into soil 30-50cm away from the main stem of each citrus tree, cleaning weeds under the tree disks of the citrus orchard in September to 10 parts of the same year, and spraying water on the tree disks of the citrus orchard; sowing festuca arundinacea seeds or festuca rubra seeds in the citrus garden; from March to April of the next year, mowing festuca arundinacea or festuca rubra in the seedling stage once; after the festuca arundinacea or red festuca arundinacea is cut for one week, when the festuca arundinacea or red festuca arundinacea restores growth, if weeds still exist After terrace formation of festuca arundinacea or festuca rubra, sporadic weeds are eradicated in a targeted herbicide spraying mode. The simple water and fertilizer irrigation device is designed by utilizing the potential difference of weeds and citrus root systems in soil, the problem that grass plants and citrus compete for water and fertilizer is solved, the water and fertilizer are utilized to the maximum extent, and waste is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of weed control in citrus orchards, and in particular to a green and sustainable weed control method under tree trays in citrus orchards for improving fertilizer and water utilization. Background Art

[0002] Citrus is a general term for tangerines, mandarins, oranges, grapefruits, and trifoliate oranges. It is widely distributed throughout the world and is the world's largest fruit variety, with an annual output of about 150 million tons, ranking first in the world's fruit. Citrus is mainly grown in subtropical areas with relatively high temperatures and rainfall. The hot and rainy climate conditions and sufficient nutrients cause weeds in citrus orchards to occur in large quantities all year round. And with the construction of modern standardized orchards with wide rows and dense plants, the ventilation and light transmission between the gardens are good, and the ecological environment is stable, which is more suitable for the growth of weeds; in addition, the water and fertilizer management of the orchard mechanized irrigation system, such as the patent CN208230149U discloses an orchard irrigation system and its inverted atomizing micro-sprinkler assembly, which realizes full coverage of the orchard and uniform water and fertilizer irrigation. This method provides a large amount of water and fertilizer for the weeds under the tree tray, making them grow rapidly. Therefore, there are many types of weeds in citrus orchards and they grow rapidly. If they are not controlled in time, they will not only compete with fruit trees for water and nutrients, but also easily breed diseases and insect pests, destroy the ecological environment of the orchard, and thus affect the growth and development of fruit trees and the quality of fruit yield. At the same time, some tall grasses will also affect the mechanical operation of the orchard. Therefore, weed control has become an indispensable part of citrus farming operations and is also a task with high labor intensity in citrus production management.

[0003] The main methods of weed control under the tree trays in citrus orchards include manual weeding, mechanical mowing, mulching and weed control, and chemical herbicide weeding. Manual weeding is a traditional weeding method that clears and tills the weeds in the orchard by manual weeding or manual weeding. Manual weeding requires a lot of labor and has low work efficiency. With the development of orchards in scale and intelligence, as well as the policy support of the state for orchard mechanization, mechanical weeding has gradually become another trend in orchard weed control. Compared with manual weeding, mechanical weeding has the advantages of high efficiency and easy operation. At present, backpack mowers are used under the tree trays in citrus orchards. They are low in cost, strong in flexibility, and can remove weeds under the tree trays. However, this type of mower has a small cutting width, poor safety, low operating efficiency, and requires manual operation, which has high labor costs. Mowing with a lawn mower can remove the above-ground part of weeds, such as the patent CN103329653B discloses an intelligent all-round mechanical weeder for orchards and the patent CN220274284U discloses an electric grass shredder for orchards, which significantly reduces labor costs and does not affect the surface root system of fruit trees. However, this method cannot remove the roots of weeds, has poor control effect on perennial weeds, and has a short duration; and mowing with a lawn mower is easy to damage the integrated water and fertilizer pipeline. Covering and controlling weeds refers to using inorganic or organic matter to cover the surface of the tree circle to control weeds. Organic mulches include crop straw, fallen leaves, husks, sawdust, and other agricultural and sideline product wastes that can be biodegraded. Natural organic mulches have the advantages of good weed control effect, can improve soil organic matter content and soil structure, and enhance soil moisture retention and drought resistance. However, in order to effectively control weeds, the thickness of the organic mulch should not be less than 10 cm, and a lot of mulch is required, the transportation cost of organic matter is high, and the cost of weed control is high; some organic matter is also easy to breed pests and diseases. Inorganic covering weed control cloth has good weed control effect. For example, patent CN108293534A discloses a water-permeable and fertilizer-permeable non-absorbent black net covering weed control method, which can effectively control the growth of weeds and save labor costs for weed control. However, long-term use of inorganic coverings such as weed control cloth may cause problems such as floating of fruit tree roots and soil compaction; the service life of weed control cloth is generally only 3 to 5 years, and it needs to be replaced frequently. The weed control cost is high and it is easy to cause agricultural material residues and pollute the environment. Chemical weed control has the advantages of saving time and labor, simple operation, rapid and efficient, and low cost. It has been widely used in the prevention and control of weeds under the tree tray in citrus orchards. However, in the prevention and control of weeds in citrus orchards, lethal herbicides are used. Lethal herbicides have good control effects on common weeds in the early stage of use, but long-term and large-scale use will cause malignant weeds to develop drug resistance, form dominant single communities, increase the difficulty of prevention and control, and increase the cost of prevention and control. Moreover, the long-term and large-scale use of herbicides leads to the deterioration of the ecological environment of the orchard and the decline of fruit quality.

[0004] Controlling weeds with grass in orchards is a green and ecological weed control technology. For example, patent CN111903413A discloses a method for controlling weeds in tea gardens using white clover; patent CN112106601B discloses a method for intercropping green manure in coastal saline-alkali orchards, using hairy vetch, creeping orchid and sesbania intercropping to control weeds. However, so far, due to the lack of weed control technology with good weed control effect and labor saving, weed control with grass is still in the stage of small-scale trials and applications, mainly based on glossy purple vetch, arrow pea, white clover, ryegrass, and rat grass, and these grass varieties are not resistant to high temperatures and die in summer, and cannot effectively control summer weeds in citrus orchards, and summer weeds in citrus orchards are the key to orchard control. At present, patent CN107810791A discloses a summer grass management method for peach orchards, which uses the high temperature resistance of Indian cowpea to control summer weeds in peach orchards. However, Indian cowpea has problems such as climbing trees in citrus orchards, which is not conducive to weed control under the tree trays.

[0005] From this we can see that there is currently a lack of green and sustainable weed control technology that is labor-saving, environmentally friendly, and does not affect the use of fertilizer and water in citrus. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims at the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, which are difficult to adapt to the development trend and demand in the field of weed control in fruit trees today. The present invention combines many years of scientific research and actual orchard work experience to propose a green and sustainable weed control method under the tree tray of a citrus orchard that improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and water. The method solves the problem that weeds under the tree tray of a citrus orchard are serious and compete with citrus for water and fertilizer, and achieves the purpose of effectively controlling weeds. At the same time, it does not affect the growth of fruit trees and the overall planning of the integrated water and fertilizer pipeline. The method of the present invention is a labor-saving, environmentally friendly, green and sustainable weed control technology that does not affect the utilization of fertilizer and water in citrus.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution designed by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] The present invention provides a method for green and sustainable weed control under tree trays in a citrus orchard for improving fertilizer and water utilization, comprising the following steps:

[0009] 1) The main water and fertilizer pipes are arranged between the citrus planting rows, and multiple water and fertilizer branch pipes are vertically inserted into the soil 30-50 cm away from the main stem of each citrus tree. The main water and fertilizer pipes deliver water and fertilizer to each water and fertilizer branch pipe through drip arrows and flow into the soil layer 20-30 cm from the citrus root system;

[0010] 2) From September to October of the same year, weeds are cleared under the tree trays in the citrus orchard, the soil is tilled according to the actual looseness of the soil, and then reed fescue or red fescue seeds are sown in the citrus orchard;

[0011] 3) In March or April of the following year, mow the young fescue or red fescue once;

[0012] 4) One week after mowing, wait for the reed fescue or red fescue to resume growth. If there are still weeds, use selective herbicides to control the weeds (to protect the safety of reed fescue or red fescue, selective herbicides to control weeds and promote the formation of dominant populations of grass varieties);

[0013] 5) After the reed fescue or red fescue has grown into a lawn, spray herbicides in a targeted manner to eradicate scattered weeds.

[0014] Furthermore, in the step 1), the main water and fertilizer pipeline passes through the branches of the main stem of the citrus fruit, and its height is 30-50 cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in the step 1), two water and fertilizer branch pipes are inserted into the main trunk of each citrus tree at 30-50 cm, the depth a of the water and fertilizer branch pipes in the soil is 20-30 cm, and the pipe openings of the water and fertilizer branch pipes are exposed 1-2 cm above the ground.

[0016] Furthermore, the fescue is reed fescue or red fescue.

[0017] Furthermore, the mowing method is to use a lawn mower to mow the reed fescue or red fescue and weeds, wherein the length of the fescue stubble is retained to be 8 to 12 cm (the mowing principle is: to utilize the growth advantage of reed fescue or red fescue to seize the ecological niche of weeds and prevent and control weeds).

[0018] Furthermore, in the step 3), the selective herbicide is selected from clofopyralid and bispyribac.

[0019] According to actual conditions, the selective herbicide is any one or two of clofopyralid and bispyribac, and is not limited to these two herbicides.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 5), the mowing method is to use a lawn mower to mow the scattered weeds, leaving the length of the weed stubble at 10 to 15 cm (the mowing principle is: to cause wounds to the scattered weeds, which is conducive to the rooting of the herbicide and achieves the purpose of eradicating the scattered weeds).

[0021] Furthermore, in step 5), the herbicide is any one or more combinations of glyphosate, glufosinate and 2,4-D.

[0022] The above-mentioned weeds include malignant weeds such as blackberry, small grass, annual grass, Bidens pilosa, Goosegrass, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Setaria viridis.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0024] 1) The present invention utilizes reed fescue or red fescue planted under the tree tray to achieve the purpose of controlling the malignant weeds under the tree tray, which is an environmentally friendly and sustainable weed control technology. Reed fescue and red fescue are both perennial lawn plants, which are more resistant to high temperatures than traditional grass varieties such as glossy purple flower vetch, arrow pea, white clover, ryegrass, and rat grass, and can be delayed to die from the end of July to mid-August. The dead reed fescue and red fescue just cover the tree tray, playing the role of controlling weeds, retaining water, and retaining entropy. Moreover, the invention only needs to be sown once, and once the lawn is formed, the follow-up is just simple maintenance and management, which can achieve the purpose of continuous weed control.

[0025] 2) Direct seeding of Festuca australis or Festuca rubra seeds has a high and uniform germination rate, simple cultivation and management, and only requires sowing once under the tree trays in the citrus orchard. Compared with existing weed control technologies, it can save a lot of labor costs.

[0026] 3) Grass growing under the tree trays in citrus orchards means that the grass plants compete with citrus for water and fertilizer. The present invention utilizes the position difference between the weeds and citrus roots in the soil to design a simple water and fertilizer irrigation device to solve the problem of competition between the grass plants and citrus for water and fertilizer, so as to maximize the utilization of water and fertilizer and reduce waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the layout of water and fertilizer pipelines under the citrus tree tray to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and water;

[0028] In the figure, 1 is the main water and fertilizer pipe, 2 is the dripping arrow, 3 is the water and fertilizer branch pipe, a is the depth of the water and fertilizer branch pipe into the soil (20-30cm), and b is the distance between the main trunk of each citrus tree and each water and fertilizer branch pipe (30-50cm);

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the number of ground predatory arthropods (left) and herbivorous arthropods (right) at different times;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of soil physical and chemical properties in each weed treatment area;

[0031] In the figure, (a) is a schematic diagram of soil alkaline nitrogen content; (b) is a schematic diagram of soil available phosphorus content; (c) is a schematic diagram of soil available potassium content; (d) is a schematic diagram of soil organic matter content;

[0032] The bar graph is the mean ± standard error; different letters indicate that the alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were significantly different after SSR test (P<0.05). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can understand.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A method for controlling weeds under tree trays in a citrus orchard for improving fertilizer and water utilization efficiency comprises the following steps:

[0036] 1) Press Figure 1 Arrange the water and fertilizer pipelines as follows:

[0037] A main water and fertilizer pipe 1 is arranged between the citrus planting rows, and two water and fertilizer branch pipes 3 are vertically inserted into the soil 30-50 cm away from the main stem of each citrus tree (that is, the distance b between the main stem of each citrus tree and each water and fertilizer branch pipe is 30-50 cm). The main water and fertilizer pipe 1 delivers water and fertilizer to each water and fertilizer branch pipe 3 through a drip arrow 1 and flows into the soil; wherein, the main water and fertilizer pipe 1 passes through the branches of the citrus main stem, and its height is 30-50 cm.

[0038] The depth a of the water and fertilizer branch pipes in the soil is 20-30cm, and the pipe opening of the water and fertilizer branch pipes is 1-2cm above the ground;

[0039] 2) In September of the same year, weeds were cleared under the tree trays in the citrus orchard, the soil was tilled according to the actual looseness of the soil, and then reed fescue seeds or red fescue seeds were sown;

[0040] 3) In March or April of the following year, the young fescue or red fescue is mowed once; the mowing method is to use a lawn mower to cut off the fescue, fescue and weeds, wherein the length of the fescue stem stubble is kept to be 8 to 12 cm;

[0041] 4) One week after mowing, when the reed fescue or red fescue resumes growth, if weeds still exist, use a selective herbicide to control the weeds (to protect the safety of the fescue, the selective herbicide controls the weeds and promotes the formation of dominant populations of grass varieties); wherein the selective herbicide is selected from clofopyralid and bispyribac;

[0042] 5) After the reed fescue or red fescue has formed a lawn, sporadic weeds are eradicated by spraying herbicides on the wounds in a targeted manner; the herbicides are any one or more combinations of glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium and 2,4-D.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] 1) Press Figure 1 Arrange the water and fertilizer pipelines as follows:

[0045] A main water and fertilizer pipe 1 is arranged between the citrus planting rows, and two water and fertilizer branch pipes 3 are vertically inserted into the soil 30-50 cm away from the main stem of each citrus tree. The main water and fertilizer pipe 1 delivers water and fertilizer to each water and fertilizer branch pipe 3 through a drip arrow 1 and flows into the soil; wherein, the main water and fertilizer pipe 1 passes through the branches of the citrus main stem, and its height is 30-50 cm.

[0046] The depth a of the water and fertilizer branch pipes in the soil is 20-30cm, and the pipe opening of the water and fertilizer branch pipes is 1-2cm above the ground;

[0047] 2) In September of the same year, weeds were cleared under the tree trays in the citrus orchard, the soil was tilled according to the actual looseness of the soil, and then white clover seeds were sown;

[0048] 3) In March or April of the following year, the white clover lawn is mowed once; the mowing method is to use a lawn mower to cut the grass and weeds, wherein the length of the grass and weed stems is kept to be 8 to 12 cm;

[0049] 4) One week after mowing, wait for the white clover to resume growth. If there are still weeds, use selective herbicides to control the weeds (to protect the safety of white clover, selective herbicides can control weeds and promote the formation of dominant populations of grass varieties); the selective herbicide is clofopyralid.

[0050] 5) After the white clover has become a lawn, the scattered weeds can be eradicated by mowing the lawn and spraying herbicides on the wounds.

[0051] Comparative Examples 2 to 5

[0052] 1) The grass cultivation was carried out in September 2020. The citrus orchard was tilled between rows and on ridges, weed roots were removed, organic fertilizer was spread, and 6 inter-row treatment areas were set up, namely:

[0053] ① Glyphosate treatment

[0054] ② Glufosinate treatment

[0055] ③ Manual weeding treatment;

[0056] ④Blank control treatment;

[0057] The time of manual weeding was consistent with the time of herbicide application, and the area of ​​each treatment area was approximately 300m 2 ,

[0058] 2) In September of the same year, sow seeds of reed fescue (tall fescue) and white clover in the treatment area of ​​reed fescue (tall fescue) and the treatment area of ​​white clover respectively;

[0059] 3) In March and April of the following year, the grass lawns in the tall fescue treatment area and the white clover treatment area were mowed once respectively; the mowing method was to use a lawn mower to cut the grass and weeds, wherein the length of the grass and weed stems was kept at 8 to 12 cm;

[0060] 4) One week after mowing, weed control was carried out in five treatment areas, namely, white clover treatment, tall fescue treatment, glyphosate treatment, glufosinate treatment, and manual weeding treatment; among them, the selective herbicide used in the tall fescue treatment area and the white clover treatment area was 16% fluoroquinolone suspension emulsion.

[0061] Comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The arthropods in each treatment area were investigated and counted 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 months after the treatment with grass growing and other weed control measures.

[0062] The results showed that a total of 8837 arthropods were collected from each treatment area. The number of species in the grass treatment area and the blank control area was higher than that in the herbicide treatment and manual weeding treatment areas. Among them, the number of predatory arthropods in the reed fescue (tall fescue) and white clover treatment areas was significantly higher than that in the glyphosate, glufosinate and control treatment areas, and the number of phytophagous arthropods was significantly lower than that in the glyphosate, glufosinate and control treatment areas ( Figure 2 In addition, the alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the soil of Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) and white clover were significantly higher than those in the blank control treatment area ( Figure 3 ).

[0063] In summary, the method of the present invention not only removes weeds under the tree trays in the citrus orchard, but also ensures the soil fertility of the citrus orchard, and can improve the quality of citrus. At the same time, by realizing green ecological weed control under the tree trays in the citrus orchard, the use of chemical pesticides can be reduced by more than 80%.

[0064] Although the above embodiments have been described in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green and sustainable weed control method under the tree tray in a citrus orchard to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and water, characterized by: The following steps are involved: 1) The main water and fertilizer pipes are arranged between the citrus planting rows, and multiple water and fertilizer branch pipes are vertically inserted into the soil 30-50 cm away from the main stem of each citrus tree. The main water and fertilizer pipes deliver water and fertilizer to each water and fertilizer branch pipe through drip arrows and flow into the soil layer 20-30 cm from the citrus root system; 2) From September to October of the same year, weeds are cleared under the tree trays in the citrus orchard, the soil is tilled according to the actual looseness of the soil, and then reed fescue or red fescue seeds are sown in the citrus orchard; 3) In March or April of the following year, mow the young fescue or red fescue once; 4) One week after mowing, wait for the reed fescue or red fescue to resume growth. If weeds are still present, use selective herbicides to control them. 5) After the reed fescue or red fescue has grown into a lawn, spray herbicides in a targeted manner to eradicate scattered weeds.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1), the main water and fertilizer pipeline passes through the branches of the main stem of the citrus fruit, and its height is 30-50 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the step 1), two water and fertilizer branch pipes are inserted into the main trunk of each citrus tree at 30-50 cm, the depth a of the water and fertilizer branch pipes in the soil is 20-30 cm, and the pipe openings of the water and fertilizer branch pipes are exposed 1-2 cm above the ground.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fescue is reed fescue or red fescue.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The mowing method comprises using a lawn mower to mow the reed fescue or red fescue and weeds, wherein the length of the fescue stubble is 8 to 12 cm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3), the selective herbicide is selected from clofopyralid and bispyribac. According to actual conditions, the selective herbicide is any one or two of clofopyralid and bispyribac, and is not limited to these two herbicides.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5), the mowing method is to use a lawn mower to cut off scattered weeds, and the length of the weed stubble is kept at 10 to 15 cm.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: In the step 5), the herbicide is any one or more compound of glyphosate, glufosinate and 2,4-D.

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