Pest control method and system for peach trees

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of peach tree disease and insect pest control, in particular to a peach tree disease and insect pest control method and system.The method comprises the following steps that through peach orchard field investigation and survey, the number of branches is recorded, branch distribution and diseased leaf positions are detected, spot shapes and insect population cardinal numbers are shot, worm egg distribution and tree age information are summarized, and annual rings are checked; and measuring daily variation, soil nutrients and air temperature, and storing into a field table. According to the method, current state parameters of the peach trees are formed by recording key parameters such as the number and distribution of branches of the peach trees, diseased leaf positions, spot shapes, cardinal number of insects, tree age, moisture content, soil nutrients and air temperature, and a basis for dynamic monitoring of diseases and insect pests is established. On the basis of current situation parameter analysis, branch surface color spots, diseased leaf corrosion degree and fruit damage are compared, insect pest types are divided, parasitic characteristics are counted, abnormal data are further decomposed, and deep optimization of disease and insect pest classification and feature recognition is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to the technical field of peach tree pest control, and in particular to a peach tree pest control method and system. Background Art

[0003] The field of peach disease and pest control technology is an important branch of agricultural science, focusing on the research and development of prevention, monitoring, control and management methods for peach diseases and pests. This technical field involves multidisciplinary content such as plant pathology, entomology, soil science and agricultural ecology, and comprehensively utilizes physical, chemical and biological methods to develop accurate, efficient and environmentally friendly integrated pest control technology. However, in the existing technology, the location of diseased leaves, distribution of insect eggs, tree age and environmental parameters have not been fully combined, resulting in a lack of targeted prevention and control plans. The delineation of high-risk areas is often based on experience or simple density estimates, and geographic information annotation is insufficient, making it difficult to accurately locate the areas where pests and diseases occur, which creates obstacles to subsequent graded management and precise operations. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a method and system for controlling peach tree diseases and insect pests.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, a method for controlling peach tree diseases and insect pests, comprising the following steps: Through on-site investigation in peach orchards, we recorded the number of branches and detected the branch distribution, the location of diseased leaves and photographed the shape of spots, the base number of insects and summarized the distribution of eggs, the age of trees and checked the annual rings, the moisture content and measured the daily changes, the soil nutrients and air temperature and stored them in on-site tables to generate the current status parameters of peach trees; Based on the current status parameters of the peach tree, the surface spots of the branches are compared and classified by colorimetry, the diseased leaf samples and the damage on the fruit surface are analyzed and the degree of corrosion is recorded, the types of pests are classified and the parasitic characteristics are marked, the parasitic conditions are counted and the abnormal data are split, and the pest judgment data is generated; Based on the pest and disease determination data, high-risk peach tree areas are delineated and geographical coordinates are marked, pest density is recorded and graded, insect eggs on the surface of peach trees are monitored and classified by size, the range of lesions and the number of diseased leaves are determined and the severity is summarized to generate pest and disease distribution information.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes: Based on the pest distribution information, compare the pest concentration and construct a data comparison table, screen the location of diseased branches and check adjacent trees, set the spraying concentration threshold and record the water ratio, register the number of insect eggs and register them in layers, identify the range of diseased leaf shedding and mark the degree of peeling, and generate a list of key points for prevention and control; Based on the list of key control points, arrange the order of branch pruning and mark them in sections, determine the division of spraying areas and set the interval distance, determine the placement points of insect traps and plan the position relationship, organize the rules for diseased leaf treatment and list the disposal methods, and generate operation deployment information; Based on the operation deployment information, perform branch pruning actions and proceed in sequence, release the spray dosage and monitor the atomization coverage, locate the insect trap installation position and record the coordinate grid, count the number of diseased leaves discarded and distinguish between bagged treatments, and obtain the comprehensive treatment records of peach tree diseases and pests.

[0007] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the peach tree status parameters are: Through field surveys in peach orchards, the number of branches was recorded and the coordinates of each branch position were registered. A distribution search was performed to confirm spatial coverage. At the same time, the location of diseased leaves was checked and the shape of spots was photographed. The appearance of spots was merged and corresponded to branches to obtain the original field data. Based on the original field data, the insect population base is counted and the distribution of insect eggs is sorted out, and the clustered segments where the insect eggs appear are identified to distinguish the risk areas. At the same time, the tree age information is combined with the annual ring comparison to generate parameter screening results; Based on the parameter screening results, the daily changes in moisture content are sorted out and correlated with soil nutrient and air temperature data for different time periods, and the fluctuations in values ​​within different time periods are checked to generate the current status parameters of the peach trees.

[0008] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the pest and disease determination data are: Based on the current status parameters of the peach tree, the color spots on the branch surface are compared and the chromaticity interval is measured, and the brightness difference is extracted to mark abnormal color spots, and the spot data is collected into a graded list to obtain the branch color spot comparison information; Based on the branch color spot control information, diseased leaves are sampled and analyzed and the size of the spots is numerically recorded, and a distribution map of diseased leaves and fruit corrosion is drawn to determine the degree of corrosion, and the impact type is divided to obtain diseased leaves and fruit data; Based on the diseased leaf and fruit data, the pest types are classified and the parasitic characteristics are marked, and the diseased leaf corrosion area and the fruit damage area are extracted to separate the abnormal distribution. At the same time, the colorimetric difference and the pest association are retrieved to obtain the pest and disease judgment data.

[0009] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the pest distribution information are: Based on the pest and disease determination data, high-risk peach tree areas are identified and boundaries are set in combination with geographic coordinates, and parasitism conditions are checked to assign different risk levels, and a regional index table is generated to obtain high-risk area markers; Based on the high-risk area marking, the pest density is recorded and the density interval is graded, and the size of the insect eggs on the surface of the peach tree is sorted to calculate the weighted number, and the coordinate points are combined into a comprehensive chart to obtain the insect egg classification summary; Based on the classification and summary of the insect eggs, the range of the lesions is collected and the number of diseased leaves is counted, and the severity intervals are extracted for different insect pest levels. At the same time, the regional numbers are merged and compared with the risk sequence to generate the pest distribution information.

[0010] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the list of key prevention and control points are: Based on the pest distribution information, the pest concentration is counted and the segmented values ​​are listed, and the results are constructed into a data comparison table to distinguish the grade domains, and the risk boundaries of each segment are marked to obtain the pest concentration comparison; Based on the pest concentration control, the diseased branches are screened and the distribution of adjacent trees is checked, and the spraying concentration threshold is set and the water dilution ratio is registered to classify different concentration ranges, and the insect egg stock is recorded to obtain the spraying threshold record; Based on the spraying threshold record, the range of diseased leaf shedding is identified and the degree of detachment is classified, and the egg stock and concentration data are summarized to compare different tree strains. At the same time, combined with the diseased branch location information, a list of key prevention and control points is generated.

[0011] Preferably, the steps of obtaining the job allocation information are: Based on the list of key control points, the branch pruning sequence is arranged and the pruning nodes are marked in sections, and the degree of pests and threshold conditions are integrated to assist pruning, while the pruning path is recorded and a pruning mark sequence is obtained; Based on the pruning mark sequence, the spraying area is divided and adjacent intervals are set, and the branch distribution and pruning nodes are checked. At the same time, the insect trap placement point is determined and the coordinates of the point are converted to obtain the insect trap placement plan; Based on the insect trap placement plan, the diseased leaf treatment rules are sorted out and the available disposal methods are summarized, and the spraying area and the insect trap points are connected to avoid conflicts. At the same time, the pruning sequence and the diseased leaf disposal are verified to generate work deployment information.

[0012] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the integrated treatment record of peach pests and diseases are: Based on the operation deployment information, prune the branches and verify the advancement sequence one by one, select the spraying dosage, and compare the pruning position and the spraying positioning relationship to obtain the pruning and spraying plan; Based on the pruning and spraying plan, the insect trap installation position is located and a coordinate grid is allocated, and the distance is adjusted according to the spraying coverage measurement result, and the pruning progress and the insect trap placement progress are summarized to obtain the insect trap positioning data; Based on the insect trap positioning data, the number of discarded diseased leaves is counted and distinguished according to bagging treatment, and the location of the insect trap is associated with the spraying dosage to record the placement details. At the same time, the pruning situation and the discarded diseased leaves are summarized to obtain the comprehensive treatment record of peach tree diseases and pests.

[0013] The present invention provides a peach tree disease and insect pest control system, comprising: The data collection and recording module records the number of branches, detects branch distribution, the location of diseased leaves, photographs the shape of spots and the base number of insects, summarizes the distribution of insect eggs and tree age information, checks the annual rings and moisture content, measures daily changes, soil nutrients and air temperature, and stores them in the on-site table to obtain the current status parameters of the peach trees; The preliminary pest and disease analysis module compares the surface spots of branches, analyzes the sampling of diseased leaves, records the degree of damage and corrosion on the fruit surface, classifies the pest types, indicates the parasitic characteristics, counts the parasitic conditions, splits the abnormal data, and obtains pest and disease judgment data based on the current status parameters of peach trees; The risk area division module, based on the pest and disease determination data, delineates the high-risk peach tree area, marks the geographic coordinates, records the pest density, classifies and counts the pests, monitors the surface eggs of peach trees, divides them by size, summarizes the scope of the lesions, the number and severity of the diseased leaves, and obtains the pest and disease distribution information; The intervention measure design module formulates targeted chemical and biological intervention plans based on pest and disease distribution information, allocates resources and treatment doses, determines the time and method of application, formulates pest and disease prevention measures, and obtains an intervention implementation plan; The monitoring and evaluation module tracks the treatment effects, evaluates the pest control effects, regularly updates data, adjusts the treatment plans, and obtains epidemic control reports based on the intervention execution plan.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: The present invention forms peach tree status parameters by recording key parameters such as the number, distribution, diseased leaf position, spot shape, insect population base, tree age, moisture content, soil nutrients and air temperature of peach branches, and establishes the basis for dynamic monitoring of pests and diseases. Based on the analysis of the status parameters, the surface spots of branches, the degree of corrosion of diseased leaves and fruit damage are compared, the types of pests are divided and the parasitic characteristics are statistically analyzed, and the abnormal data are further decomposed to achieve the deep optimization of disease and pest classification and feature recognition. By demarcating high-risk areas and marking geographic coordinates, while recording pest density, egg size and disease spot distribution, and generating pest distribution information, the problem of unclear identification of pest and disease occurrence areas is solved. The overall processing logic takes into account the precision of multi-parameter collaborative analysis and zoning positioning, so that the distribution map of pests and diseases is clearer and can guide subsequent prevention and control measures. Compared with the prior art, the present invention strengthens the comprehensiveness of pest and disease identification, optimizes the demarcation accuracy of risk areas, and provides a more detailed basis for risk level division during the monitoring process. Through multi-parameter interactive correlation analysis, the waste of prevention and control resources is reduced, the accuracy and rapid response capability of pest and disease control are improved, while the misjudgment caused by incomplete data is reduced, and the reliability and operability of peach pest and disease control are enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0017] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution, a method for controlling peach tree diseases and insect pests, comprising the following steps: Through on-site investigation in peach orchards, we recorded the number of branches and detected the branch distribution, the location of diseased leaves and photographed the shape of spots, the base number of insects and summarized the distribution of eggs, the age of trees and checked the annual rings, the moisture content and measured the daily changes, the soil nutrients and air temperature and stored them in on-site tables to generate the current status parameters of peach trees; Based on the current parameters of peach trees, the surface spots of branches were compared and classified by colorimetry, the diseased leaf samples and the damage on the fruit surface were analyzed and the degree of corrosion was recorded, the pest types were classified and the parasitic characteristics were marked, the parasitic conditions were counted and abnormal data were split, and the pest judgment data was generated; Based on the pest and disease identification data, the high-risk peach tree areas are delineated and the geographic coordinates are marked. The pest density is recorded and classified. The surface eggs of peach trees are monitored and the size is classified. The range of lesions and the number of diseased leaves are summarized and the severity is summarized to generate pest and disease distribution information. Based on the pest distribution information, compare the pest concentration and build a data comparison table, screen the location of diseased branches and check adjacent trees, set the spraying concentration threshold and record the water ratio, register the number of insect eggs and register them in layers, identify the range of diseased leaves falling and mark the degree of peeling, and generate a list of key points for prevention and control; Based on the list of key control points, arrange the order of branch pruning and mark them in sections, determine the division of spraying areas and set the interval distance, determine the placement points of insect traps and plan the position relationship, organize the rules for diseased leaf treatment and list the disposal methods, and generate operation allocation information; Based on the work deployment information, perform branch pruning actions and proceed in sequence, deliver the spray dosage and monitor the atomization coverage, locate the insect trap installation position and record the coordinate grid, count the number of diseased leaves discarded and distinguish them for bagging treatment, and obtain the comprehensive treatment record of peach tree diseases and pests.

[0018] The steps to obtain the current status parameters of peach trees are as follows: Through field surveys in peach orchards, the number of branches was recorded and the coordinates of each branch position were registered. A distribution search was performed to confirm spatial coverage. At the same time, the location of diseased leaves was checked and the shape of spots was photographed. The appearance of spots was merged and corresponded to branches to obtain the original field data. Based on the original field data, the insect population base is counted and the distribution of insect eggs is sorted out. The clustered segments where insect eggs appear are identified to distinguish the risk areas. At the same time, the parameter screening results are generated by combining the tree age information with the annual ring comparison. Based on the parameter screening results, the daily changes in moisture content were sorted out and correlated with soil nutrient and air temperature data for different time periods. The numerical fluctuations in different time periods were checked to generate the current status parameters of the peach trees.

[0019] Specifically, the number of branches is recorded and the coordinates of the position of each branch are registered. At the same time, the boundary information is marked on the existing topographic map to refer to the total area, and the branch distribution density is compared with the control area. When the distribution at a certain location exceeds the area threshold of 500 square meters registered by the local agricultural bureau, it is determined that there is a relatively dense distribution at that location. If scattered distribution or default coordinates are detected during the distribution retrieval process, the branch positioning data must be compared again, and then the position of the diseased leaves is checked and the spot shape is photographed. The spot appearance is matched with the previously recorded list of diseased spot colors. If the spot color difference value exceeds the preset E, it is listed as a key observation. The E value is obtained by weighting the mean value of spots on healthy leaves of the same variety. When multiple spots overlap in the captured image, it is necessary to extract each overlapping area separately and record the shape and color parameters one by one. After integration, the spot appearance and branch information are merged to improve the spatial matching and obtain the original field data.

[0020] The insect population base is counted and the number of eggs is bound to each partition according to the coordinate distribution. When the number of eggs in a partition exceeds the benchmark value of 50, it is listed as a high insect population area. The benchmark value of 50 is set by superimposing the average value of insect eggs observed in the field in previous years with a fluctuation range of 10. Then the total insect population is summarized in each district and compared with the possible diffusion trend. Then, the tree age information is combined with the annual ring comparison to identify the difference in growth period. When the tree age is close to 6 to 8 years or 10 to 12 years, the annual ring needs to be counted again to avoid errors. These intervals are set according to the growth cycle and climate data of common local varieties. If there is an abnormal deviation in the annual ring results, repeated measurements are required to eliminate unexpected factors. After integrating the above statistics, the insect population base and tree age are combined to generate a concentrated distribution index to generate parameter screening results.

[0021] The daily changes in moisture content are sorted and associated with soil nutrient and air temperature data for time periods. First, the moisture content is summarized by day and compared with the monitoring records from 0 to 24 hours. When the moisture value exceeds the reference range of 20 to 60, it is necessary to check whether there is over-irrigation or soil waterlogging. This reference range is determined by the local agricultural technology extension station's multi-year observation mean and the upper and lower limits of crop physiological water requirements. Then, the soil nutrient and air temperature change curves in the same period are combined. If the soil nutrient is lower than 3, it is recorded as nutrient deficiency. The 3 value is determined by the continuous monitoring mean of available phosphorus and potassium and the yield data. When the temperature exceeds 35, it is marked as a high temperature period and the water evaporation is examined. After sorting, the abnormal matching situations in different time periods are uniformly numbered to generate the current status parameters of the peach trees.

[0022] The steps for obtaining pest and disease determination data are as follows: Based on the current parameters of peach trees, the color spots on the branch surface are compared and the chromaticity range is measured. The brightness difference is extracted to mark abnormal color spots. At the same time, the spot data is classified into a classification list to obtain the branch color spot comparison information. Based on the branch color spot control information, the diseased leaves were sampled and analyzed and the size of the spots was numerically recorded. The distribution map of the diseased leaves and fruits was drawn to determine the degree of corrosion. At the same time, the impact type was divided and the data of diseased leaves and fruits were obtained. Based on the diseased leaf and fruit data, the pest types are classified and the parasitic characteristics are marked. The diseased leaf corrosion areas and fruit damage areas are extracted to separate the abnormal distribution. At the same time, the association between colorimetric differences and pests is retrieved to obtain pest and disease identification data.

[0023] Specifically, the color spots on the surface of the branches are compared and the chromaticity range is measured one by one. The RGB mean is first extracted and compared with the stored healthy color value. If the difference value exceeds 15, it is marked as an abnormal color spot. The 15 value is determined by the average difference in the sample statistics plus two standard deviations. At the same time, the brightness parameter is measured and the brightness difference is recorded. If the brightness difference exceeds 10, it is marked separately to indicate the potential degree of lesions. This 10 value refers to the brightness floating range of the healthy samples collected before. Then the coordinate index is associated with the detected abnormal entries, and they are classified in the chromaticity comparison table according to different color spot levels. After completion, all color spots and corresponding branch positions are combined into the data set to obtain branch color spot comparison information.

[0024] Diseased leaves were sampled and analyzed, and the size of the plaques was numerically recorded. The major and minor axes of the plaques on each diseased leaf were measured. When the major axis was greater than 5 cm or the minor axis was greater than 3 cm, it was classified as a large plaque. These two thresholds were based on the common diseased spot sizes and early diagnosis data collected in the same area. At the same time, the corrosion distribution map of diseased leaves and fruits was drawn and the corrosion sites were marked. If the corrosion area on the fruit surface exceeded 20 pixels, it was judged to be severely corroded. The 20 pixels were derived based on the resolution of the captured image and the corrosion morphology. Finally, they were merged according to different impact types and numbered and archived to obtain the diseased leaf and fruit data.

[0025] Pest types were classified and parasitic characteristics were marked. Major insects such as scale insects and aphids were selected for comparison. When the number of multiple insect species coexisting in the same diseased leaf exceeded 2, it was defined as a complex parasitic situation. The number 2 here was set by analyzing the parasitic frequency of multiple insect species in recent studies. The diseased leaf corrosion area and the fruit damage area were then paired to separate the abnormal distribution. At the same time, the color spot comparison records were retrieved and the abnormal color spot information was matched with the insect distribution. If misalignment occurred, the information was rechecked to eliminate identification errors. After integration, the association between the pest parasitic data and the diseased leaf damage situation was completed to obtain the pest and disease judgment data.

[0026] The steps to obtain pest distribution information are as follows: Based on the pest and disease determination data, high-risk peach tree areas are identified and boundaries are set in combination with geographic coordinates. The parasitism situation is checked to assign different risk levels. At the same time, a regional index table is generated to obtain high-risk area markers; Based on the high-risk area marking, the pest density was recorded and the density intervals were graded. The size of the eggs on the surface of the peach trees was sorted to calculate the weighted number. The coordinate points were combined into a comprehensive chart to obtain the summary of the egg classification. Based on the classification and summary of insect eggs, the range of lesions is collected and the number of diseased leaves is counted. The severity range is extracted for different pest levels. At the same time, the regional numbers are merged and compared with the risk sequence to generate pest and disease distribution information.

[0027] Specifically, based on the pest and disease judgment data, we first obtain farmland zoning data from the local agricultural department and include the peach tree growth coordinate range as a reference. Then, we compare the insect distribution points with the coordinate range one by one to determine whether there is a concentrated trend. When the total amount of insects in the same coordinate point exceeds 50 established by experience, it is marked as a local high insect population area. The 50 here is derived from the mean calculation of the base number of insect pests of the same variety in previous years and the addition of a known fluctuation range. Then, we check the parasitic situation of each marked block. If the number of parasite species exceeds 2 and the corresponding total amount is greater than 100, two or more adjacent high insect population areas are merged and processed. At this time, we need to recheck the number of insects in the same area. The total number of insects in the merged blocks is counted and divided into three risk levels: mild, moderate or severe according to the parasitic type. Mild applies to insects with a number of no more than 200 and mainly concentrated in a single geographical area. Moderate applies to insects with a number between 201 and 400 and multiple points distributed in a continuous area. Severe is higher than 400 and presents a densely clustered state. If the severe blocks are adjacent and the total number of insects between them exceeds 600, they are included in the extremely high risk category. In this process, a separate coordinate index needs to be retained for each merged area for subsequent retrieval or comparison. Finally, all blocks are recorded in a unified form according to risk level and geographical location to obtain high-risk area markers.

[0028] Based on the marking of high-risk areas, we first extract the coordinates of each marked area and count the number of insects in the area one by one. In order to facilitate subsequent comparison, a density field is added to the record. By comparing the relationship between the unit area and the number of insects in the area, we determine whether it exceeds the density benchmark of 30. This benchmark of 30 is derived from the average value of insect pests in the actual observation of the area in the past three years and is determined by multiplying it by a correction factor of 1.5. Then, the size of the insect eggs on the surface of the peach trees is divided. When the length or width of any insect egg exceeds 2 mm, it is classified as a large insect egg. This 2 mm threshold is determined by agronomic experts based on the shell diameter of common insect species and related test data. After collecting the total number of large and small eggs, different weights are assigned to them for weighted calculation. If the calculation result exceeds 100, the corresponding coordinate point will be recorded as a high-density insect egg point. If there are multiple adjacent high-density insect egg points, they can be appropriately merged according to the similarity of the coordinates, and the summary of the number of eggs in the merged area is retained. Finally, the weighted number and the corresponding distinction level at each coordinate point are summarized to obtain the egg classification summary.

[0029] Based on the summary of egg classification, we first check whether there are lesions at the high-weighted egg points. If lesions are confirmed, we record the shape and area of ​​the lesions. When the diameter of the lesions in any direction is greater than 3 cm, they are classified as significantly diffused. This 3 cm is set by the agronomic station after a comprehensive analysis of the typical diameter of local peach leaves and the spread rate of common lesions. Then, we count the number of leaves covered by the lesions and calculate its percentage of the total number of leaves on the peach tree. If the proportion exceeds 10%, it is classified as a medium to high disease state. 0% is inferred based on past pest and disease control data, and then the severity interval is further refined in combination with the pest level in the egg grading summary. When the egg grading is moderate and the lesion coverage rate is between 5% and 15%, it is judged as moderate risk. If it exceeds 15%, it becomes a severe risk. If the egg grading is severe and the lesion coverage rate exceeds 20%, it is further classified as an extremely severe risk sequence. Finally, each coordinate point with a lesion is numbered and cross-correlated with the weighted number of eggs at that point. The results are unified and integrated to generate pest and disease distribution information.

[0030] The steps to obtain the list of key prevention and control points are as follows: Based on the pest distribution information, the pest concentration is counted and the segmented values ​​are listed. The results are then constructed into a data comparison table to distinguish the grade domains. The risk boundaries of each segment are marked to obtain the pest concentration comparison. Based on the pest concentration control, the diseased branches were screened and the distribution of adjacent trees was checked. The spraying concentration threshold was set and the water dilution ratio was registered to classify different concentration ranges. The egg stock was recorded and the spraying threshold record was obtained. Based on the spraying threshold records, the range of diseased leaf shedding is identified and the degree of detachment is classified. The egg stock and concentration data are summarized to compare different tree strains. At the same time, combined with the diseased branch location information, a list of key prevention and control points is generated.

[0031] Specifically, based on the pest distribution information, the pest coordinates are first retrieved from each risk sequence and the total number of insects at each coordinate point or merged area is counted. In order to facilitate the measurement of the degree of pests, these total numbers are divided into four segments: 0 to 50, 51 to 150, 151 to 300, and 301 and above. The division standard comes from the previous statistical results and integrated indicators of the intensity of pest occurrence. The segmentation information is then written into a temporary record and a sampling test is performed on the distribution of insect species between segments. When more than 3 types of insects appear in the same segment and the number of adjacent points exceeds 5, a sub-segment can be generated separately in this segment to indicate diverse parasitism. At the same time, the risk boundary needs to be marked after the segment statistics. If the upper limit is greater than 300, it is marked as the highest boundary and registered to the warning record simultaneously. 300 is given by the local agricultural technology research station based on the actual observed peak value and the feasibility of pest control. When it is confirmed as the highest boundary, the segment will also be included in the key object for subsequent tracking. Finally, a data comparison table is established according to the segmentation value to distinguish the level domain of each interval and obtain the pest concentration comparison.

[0032] Based on the comparison of pest concentration, the distribution of diseased branches in the peach tree area is first determined according to each segmented domain and the actual distance between adjacent trees is checked. When a single diseased branch is detected to be longer than 50 cm, its relative position on the tree is recorded and the distance between adjacent trees is confirmed. If the adjacent distance is less than 2 meters and the segment value is ≥151, the two trees are included in the same shared risk domain. Then, the spraying concentration threshold is set according to the number of diseased branches in the shared risk domain and the water dilution ratio is divided. For example, when the number of diseased branches is less than 3, a standard ratio of 0.2 to 0.3 is used. When the number of diseased branches is between 4 and 8, 0.4 to 0.5 is selected. When it exceeds 8, it is increased to 0.6 to 0.8. These values ​​are summarized from the long-term dosage of the local demonstration field and the tree age factors. In addition, the current insect egg stock needs to be recorded and matched with the diseased branch length and segment value for subsequent confirmation of the risk superposition status. Finally, all spraying concentrations and insect egg stock information are uniformly numbered to obtain the spraying threshold record.

[0033] Based on the spraying threshold record, the distribution of diseased branches is first grouped according to the ratio information in each shared risk domain, and the range of diseased leaf shedding is identified one by one through field or image data. When the number of diseased leaves shedding of a single peach tree is greater than 30, it is classified as severe shedding. This 30 is given by agricultural technicians based on the average total number of plant leaves and the number of common diseased leaf shedding in recent years. If the shedding is between 15 and 30, it is moderate, and below 15 is mild. Then the degree of peeling is classified. If the break distance between the petiole and the branch does not exceed 1 cm, it is classified as shallow peeling, and if it exceeds 1 cm, it is recorded as deep peeling. This 1 cm is set according to the average length of the peach leaf petiole and the common shedding parts. At the same time, the egg stock under each tree is correlated with the specific spraying concentration ratio. When the number of eggs is higher than 80 and the peeling depth is significantly increased, it is listed as a priority disposal list. 80 is calculated based on the inflection point of the joint outbreak of diseases and insects under multiple monitoring in previous years. Finally, the shedding range, peeling degree and egg stock are combined to write the summary information uniformly to generate a list of key points for prevention and control.

[0034] The steps to obtain job deployment information are: Based on the list of key control points, the branch pruning sequence is arranged and the pruning nodes are marked in sections. The degree of pest damage and threshold conditions are integrated to assist pruning. The pruning path is recorded and the pruning mark sequence is obtained. Based on the pruning mark sequence, the spraying area is divided and adjacent intervals are set, and the branch distribution and pruning nodes are checked. At the same time, the insect trap placement points are determined and the coordinates of the points are converted to obtain the insect trap placement plan; Based on the insect trap placement plan, the diseased leaf treatment rules are sorted out and the available disposal methods are summarized. The spraying area and the insect trap points are connected to avoid conflicts. At the same time, the pruning sequence and the diseased leaf disposal are verified to generate work deployment information.

[0035] Specifically, based on the list of key points for prevention and control, the severity intervals of pests and diseases and the corresponding pruning priority rules are extracted and the reference thresholds are marked respectively. When the pest index is greater than 5 and the lesion coverage area exceeds 5%, the branch is listed as a high priority. 5 and 5% come from the mean and fluctuation range of the historical statistics of peach pests and diseases in previous years. Then, the pruning nodes are segmented and marked according to the crown morphology and branch density. If the interval between two adjacent branches is less than 0.5 meters and the pest index is greater than 3, they are merged into the same pruning segment. 0.5 meters is given by field measurement of branch distribution combined with operational feasibility. Then, the starting and ending coordinates of each pruning segment are sorted, and the pruning order is arranged in sequence according to the priority of pests and diseases. In this process, the junction of each pruning position and the adjacent segments needs to be recorded. If the difference in pest index between adjacent segments is greater than 2, an additional mark prompt is added to the record. 2 is obtained based on the correlation analysis between the pest change rate and branch length. Finally, all the ordered pruning segments are numbered and stored in association with the threshold conditions of each segment. At the same time, the expected operation path of each pruning segment is summarized to obtain the pruning mark sequence.

[0036] Based on the pruning mark sequence, the coordinate range of each pruning section is first read and the spraying area is delineated in combination with the crown coverage. When the number of branches in the same pruning section exceeds 5, the spraying range is set to a circular or rectangular area with a radius of 1 meter. The 5 and 1 meter are both derived from the calculation results of the operation distribution by the local Taoyuan actual operators. At the same time, the adjacent interval is set to no less than 0.8 meters. This 0.8 meter takes into account the coverage radius of the nozzle and the expansion form of the branches during spraying. After that, the branch distribution and the pruning node coordinates are checked to determine the spraying order. When a pruning section When the distance to the adjacent section is less than 0.5 meters, the spraying is postponed to avoid excessive overlap during spraying. The 0.5 meters is consistent with the pruning distance threshold mentioned above. Then, the insect pest index and branch distribution density need to be referred to when determining the placement point of the insect trap. If the insect pest index is greater than 4 and the branch overlap reaches 60%, the insect trap is placed first. The 4 is derived from the continuous monitoring of insect activity, and the 60% is quantified by the proportion of branch overlap in field measurements. Coordinates are assigned to each placement point and the coordinate system is converted to facilitate rapid positioning in subsequent operations and obtain an insect trap placement plan.

[0037] Based on the insect placement plan, the coordinates of each insect trap are retrieved one by one and compared with their coverage. If the overlap between the coverage and the spraying area exceeds 30%, the overlap rate is recorded for subsequent arrangements. 30% is based on the effective trapping area of ​​the insect trap and the average spraying atomization area obtained by actual observation. Then the diseased leaf treatment rules are sorted out, and a diseased leaf classification list is selected to define the level of residual diseased leaves. If the area of ​​diseased leaf patches exceeds 2 square centimeters, it is classified as moderately diseased leaves. 2 square centimeters comes from the average lesion size after observing multiple batches of samples in the early stage. If multiple lesions are gathered and the combined area of ​​the area is greater than 5 square centimeters, it is classified as a severely diseased leaf. 5 square centimeters is calculated by the local prevention and control team for the spread trend of the lesions and added with safety redundancy. The available disposal methods of different diseased leaf categories are classified into composting or incineration. In the process of connecting the spraying area and the insect trap point, when it is found that the distance is too close and may cause the atomized liquid to contaminate the insect trap, a conflict mark needs to be added at this point. Finally, the pruning order and diseased leaf disposal details are compared item by item to generate job allocation information.

[0038] The steps to obtain the integrated treatment record of peach pests and diseases are as follows: Based on the operation deployment information, prune the branches and verify the advancement sequence one by one, select the spraying dosage, and compare the pruning position with the spraying positioning relationship to obtain the pruning and spraying plan; Based on the pruning and spraying plan, the installation position of the insect trap is located and the coordinate grid is allocated. The distance is adjusted according to the spraying coverage measurement results. At the same time, the pruning progress and the insect trap placement progress are summarized to obtain the insect trap positioning data. Based on the insect trap positioning data, the number of discarded diseased leaves is counted and distinguished according to bagging treatment. The location of the insect trap is associated with the spraying dosage to record the placement details. At the same time, the pruning situation and the discarded diseased leaves are summarized to obtain the comprehensive treatment record of peach tree diseases and pests.

[0039] Specifically, based on the job deployment information, first look up the corresponding pruning segment number in the field data and verify the advancement order one by one. If there is an intersection in the numbering order, compare the position of the current pruning node with the subsequent node. When the horizontal distance between the two is less than 1 meter, the node with higher priority is placed in front. 1 meter is estimated in combination with the pruning operation radius and measured in the test field. Then, the spraying dose is allocated according to the order of priority. When the branch disease index is between 3 and 5, a small dose of 0.3 to 0.4 is selected. When it exceeds 5, it is increased to 0.5 to 0.6. 3 to 5 and above 5 are all referenced to the interference range obtained after multiple tests on the same variety of peach trees. When comparing the pruning position and spraying positioning relationship, if the spraying radius may overlap with the pruning section by more than 40%, it is necessary to reallocate the dose to avoid excessive dosage. 40% is calculated by the actual atomization coverage of the sprinkler and the leaf density in the spraying test. Finally, the spraying dose corresponding to each pruning segment is recorded and unified with the advancement order to obtain the pruning spraying plan.

[0040] Based on the pruning and spraying plan, the spraying dosage and pruning coordinates of each section are read item by item. The pest index and the degree of branch interlacing are compared when locating the installation position of the insect trap. If the pest index is higher than 6 and the branch interlacing rate is greater than 70%, the insect trap is deployed first. 6 and 70% are derived from the pest statistics and comprehensive crown distribution evaluation of this area over the years. The coordinates of the insect traps are then allocated to a unified grid for visual identification in subsequent operations. When the installation position is less than 1.2 meters away from the adjacent insect traps, it is classified as overcrowded distribution. 1.2 meters is determined by the empirical value of the interval between insect traps on site. If it is detected that the actual measurement result of the spraying coverage differs from the planned value by more than 10%, the grid is enlarged or reduced. 10% is determined by the test result of the ratio of the spraying amount to the actual settlement amount. At the same time, the pruning progress and the insect trap placement progress are summarized to synchronously update the previous records and obtain the insect trap positioning data.

[0041] Based on the insect positioning data, the coordinates of each insect trap and the corresponding relationship with the spraying dose are first called up. When the number of discarded diseased leaves is counted, the diseased leaves of each peach tree are collected and bagged separately. When the number of diseased leaves of the same peach tree exceeds 30, it is recorded as a large amount of fallen leaves. 30 is set by referring to the overall number of leaves of the same variety of peach trees and the historical frequency of falling leaves in the previous period. If it exceeds 50, it is recorded as a large amount of fallen leaves. 50 is a higher leaf fall threshold obtained from the actual experimental field survey. In this process, the bagged treatment label is bound to the corresponding coordinates. If the position of the insect trap is too close to the spraying area and may be affected by residual spraying, the point is re-marked and the coordinates are corrected. Then the data items of the insect trap position and spraying dose are bundled one by one, and the placement details are recorded for subsequent tracing. Finally, according to all pruning paths and diseased leaf discarding situations, they are summarized to obtain the comprehensive treatment record of peach pests and diseases.

[0042] The present invention provides a peach tree disease and insect pest control system, comprising: The data collection and recording module records the number of branches, detects branch distribution, the location of diseased leaves, photographs the shape of spots and the base number of insects, summarizes the distribution of insect eggs and tree age information, checks the annual rings and moisture content, measures daily changes, soil nutrients and air temperature, and stores them in the on-site table to obtain the current status parameters of the peach trees; The preliminary pest and disease analysis module compares the surface spots of branches, analyzes the sampling of diseased leaves, records the degree of damage and corrosion on the fruit surface, classifies the pest types, indicates the parasitic characteristics, counts the parasitic conditions, splits the abnormal data, and obtains pest and disease judgment data based on the current status parameters of peach trees; The risk area division module, based on the pest and disease determination data, delineates the high-risk peach tree area, marks the geographic coordinates, records the pest density, classifies and counts the pests, monitors the surface eggs of peach trees, divides them by size, summarizes the scope of the lesions, the number and severity of the diseased leaves, and obtains the pest and disease distribution information; The intervention measure design module formulates targeted chemical and biological intervention plans based on pest and disease distribution information, allocates resources and treatment doses, determines the time and method of application, formulates pest and disease prevention measures, and obtains an intervention implementation plan; The monitoring and evaluation module tracks the treatment effects, evaluates the pest control effects, regularly updates data, adjusts the treatment plans, and obtains epidemic control reports based on the intervention execution plan.

[0043] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical contents disclosed above to change or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and apply them to other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling peach tree diseases and insect pests, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Through on-site investigation in peach orchards, we recorded the number of branches and detected the branch distribution, the location of diseased leaves and photographed the shape of spots, the base number of insects and summarized the distribution of eggs, the age of trees and checked the annual rings, the moisture content and measured the daily changes, the soil nutrients and air temperature and stored them in on-site tables to generate the current status parameters of peach trees; Based on the current status parameters of the peach tree, the surface spots of the branches are compared and classified by colorimetry, the diseased leaf samples and the damage on the fruit surface are analyzed and the degree of corrosion is recorded, the types of pests are classified and the parasitic characteristics are marked, the parasitic conditions are counted and the abnormal data are split, and the pest judgment data is generated; Based on the pest and disease determination data, high-risk peach tree areas are delineated and geographical coordinates are marked, pest density is recorded and graded, insect eggs on the surface of peach trees are monitored and classified by size, the range of lesions and the number of diseased leaves are determined and the severity is summarized to generate pest and disease distribution information.

2. The peach tree pest control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Based on the pest distribution information, compare the pest concentration and construct a data comparison table, screen the location of diseased branches and check adjacent trees, set the spraying concentration threshold and record the water ratio, register the number of insect eggs and register them in layers, identify the range of diseased leaf shedding and mark the degree of peeling, and generate a list of key points for prevention and control; Based on the list of key control points, arrange the order of branch pruning and mark them in sections, determine the division of spraying areas and set the interval distance, determine the placement points of insect traps and plan the position relationship, organize the rules for diseased leaf treatment and list the disposal methods, and generate operation deployment information; Based on the operation deployment information, perform branch pruning actions and proceed in sequence, release the spray dosage and monitor the atomization coverage, locate the insect trap installation position and record the coordinate grid, count the number of discarded diseased leaves and distinguish them for bagging treatment, and obtain the comprehensive treatment record of peach tree diseases and pests.

3. The peach tree pest control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the peach tree status parameters are as follows: Through field surveys in peach orchards, the number of branches was recorded and the coordinates of each branch position were registered. A distribution search was performed to confirm spatial coverage. At the same time, the location of diseased leaves was checked and the shape of spots was photographed. The appearance of spots was merged and corresponded to branches to obtain the original field data. Based on the original field data, the insect population base is counted and the distribution of insect eggs is sorted out, and the clustered segments where the insect eggs appear are identified to distinguish the risk areas. At the same time, the tree age information is combined with the annual ring comparison to generate parameter screening results; Based on the parameter screening results, the daily changes in moisture content are sorted out and correlated with soil nutrient and air temperature data for different time periods, and the fluctuations in values ​​within different time periods are checked to generate the current status parameters of the peach trees.

4. The peach tree pest control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the pest and disease determination data are as follows: Based on the current status parameters of the peach tree, the color spots on the branch surface are compared and the chromaticity interval is measured, and the brightness difference is extracted to mark abnormal color spots, and the spot data is collected into a graded list to obtain the branch color spot comparison information; Based on the branch color spot control information, diseased leaves are sampled and analyzed and the size of the spots is numerically recorded, and a distribution map of diseased leaves and fruit corrosion is drawn to determine the degree of corrosion, and the impact type is divided to obtain diseased leaves and fruit data; Based on the diseased leaf and fruit data, the pest types are classified and the parasitic characteristics are marked, and the diseased leaf corrosion area and the fruit damage area are extracted to separate the abnormal distribution. At the same time, the colorimetric difference and the pest association are retrieved to obtain the pest and disease judgment data.

5. The peach tree pest control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the pest distribution information are as follows: Based on the pest and disease determination data, high-risk peach tree areas are identified and boundaries are set in combination with geographic coordinates, and parasitism conditions are checked to assign different risk levels, and a regional index table is generated to obtain high-risk area markers; Based on the high-risk area marking, the pest density is recorded and the density interval is graded, and the size of the insect eggs on the surface of the peach tree is sorted to calculate the weighted number, and the coordinate points are combined into a comprehensive chart to obtain the insect egg classification summary; Based on the classification and summary of the insect eggs, the range of the lesions is collected and the number of diseased leaves is counted, and the severity intervals are extracted for different insect pest levels. At the same time, the regional numbers are merged and compared with the risk sequence to generate the pest distribution information.

6. The peach tree pest control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the list of key prevention and control points are as follows: Based on the pest distribution information, the pest concentration is counted and the segmented values ​​are listed, and the results are constructed into a data comparison table to distinguish the grade domains, and the risk boundaries of each segment are marked to obtain the pest concentration comparison; Based on the pest concentration control, the diseased branches are screened and the distribution of adjacent trees is checked, and the spraying concentration threshold is set and the water dilution ratio is registered to classify different concentration ranges, and the insect egg stock is recorded to obtain the spraying threshold record; Based on the spraying threshold record, the range of diseased leaf shedding is identified and the degree of detachment is classified, and the egg stock and concentration data are summarized to compare different tree strains. At the same time, combined with the diseased branch location information, a list of key prevention and control points is generated.

7. The peach tree pest control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the job deployment information are as follows: Based on the list of key control points, the branch pruning sequence is arranged and the pruning nodes are marked in sections, and the degree of pests and threshold conditions are integrated to assist pruning, while the pruning path is recorded and a pruning mark sequence is obtained; Based on the pruning mark sequence, the spraying area is divided and adjacent intervals are set, and the branch distribution and pruning nodes are checked. At the same time, the insect trap placement point is determined and the coordinates of the point are converted to obtain the insect trap placement plan; Based on the insect trap placement plan, the diseased leaf treatment rules are sorted out and the available disposal methods are summarized, and the spraying area and the insect trap points are connected to avoid conflicts. At the same time, the pruning sequence and the diseased leaf disposal are verified to generate work deployment information.

8. The peach pest control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the peach tree pest and disease integrated treatment record are as follows: Based on the operation deployment information, prune the branches and verify the advancement sequence one by one, select the spraying dosage, and compare the pruning position with the spraying positioning relationship to obtain the pruning and spraying plan; Based on the pruning and spraying plan, the insect trap installation position is located and a coordinate grid is allocated, and the distance is adjusted according to the spraying coverage measurement result, and the pruning progress and the insect trap placement progress are summarized to obtain the insect trap positioning data; Based on the insect trap positioning data, the number of discarded diseased leaves is counted and distinguished according to bagging treatment, and the location of the insect trap is associated with the spraying dosage to record the placement details. At the same time, the pruning situation and the discarded diseased leaves are summarized to obtain the comprehensive treatment record of peach tree diseases and pests.

9. The peach pest control system of the peach pest control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: The data collection and recording module records the number of branches, detects branch distribution, the location of diseased leaves, photographs the shape of spots and the base number of insects, summarizes the distribution of insect eggs and tree age information, checks the annual rings and moisture content, measures daily changes, soil nutrients and air temperature, and stores them in the on-site table to obtain the current status parameters of the peach trees; The preliminary pest and disease analysis module compares the surface spots of branches, analyzes the sampling of diseased leaves, records the degree of damage and corrosion on the fruit surface, classifies the pest types, indicates the parasitic characteristics, counts the parasitic conditions, splits the abnormal data, and obtains pest and disease judgment data based on the current status parameters of peach trees; The risk area division module, based on the pest and disease determination data, delineates the high-risk peach tree area, marks the geographic coordinates, records the pest density, classifies and counts the pests, monitors the surface eggs of peach trees, divides them by size, summarizes the scope of the lesions, the number and severity of the diseased leaves, and obtains the pest and disease distribution information; The intervention measure design module formulates targeted chemical and biological intervention plans based on pest and disease distribution information, allocates resources and treatment doses, determines the time and method of application, formulates pest and disease prevention measures, and obtains an intervention implementation plan; The monitoring and evaluation module tracks the treatment effects, evaluates the pest control effects, regularly updates data, adjusts the treatment plans, and obtains epidemic control reports based on the intervention execution plan.

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